2017考研英语阅读理解精读P21—医学

2017考研英语阅读理解精读P21—医学

Passage 21

For three decades we’ve heard endlessly about the virtues of aerobic (increasing oxygen consumption)exercise.Medical authorities have praised running and jumping as the key to good health，and millions of Americans have taken to the treadmill to reap the rewards.But the story is changing.Everyone from the American Heart Association to the surgeon general’S office has recently embraced strength training as a complement to aerobics.And as weight lifting has gone mainstream，SO has the once obscure practice known as“Super Slow”training.Enthusiasts claim that by pumping iron at a snail’s pace--making each“rep”(repeat)last 1 4 seconds instead of the usual 7—you can safely place extraordinary demands on your muscles，and call forth an extraordinary response.Slow lifting may not be the only exercise you need，as some advocates believe，but the benefits are often dramatic.

Almost anyone can handle this routine.The only requirements are complete focus and a tolerance for deep muscular burn.For each exercise--leg press，bench press，shoulder press and SO On—70u set the machine to provide only moderate resistance.But as you draw out each repeat，depriving yourself of impetus，the weight soon feels unbearable.Defying the impulse to stop，you ke印going until you can’t complete a repeat.Then you sustain your vain effort for 1 0 more seconds while the weight sinks gradually toward its cradle.Intense? Uncomfortable? Totally.But once you embrace muscle failure as the goal of the workout，it can become almost pleasure.

The goal is not to bunr calories while you're exercising but to make your body burn them all the time.Running a few miles may make you sweat，but it expends only 1 00 calories per mile，and it doesn’t stimulate much bone or muscle development.Strength training doesn’t burn many calories，either.But when you push a muscle to failure，you set off a pour of physiological changes.As the muscle recovers over several days，it will thicken--and the new muscle tissue will demand sustenance.By the time you add three pounds of muscle，your body requires an extra 9,000 calories a month just to break even.Hold your diet steady and，very quickly，you are vaporizing body fat.

One might have benefited from any strength—training program.But advocates insist the slowtechnique is safer and more effective than traditional methods.

1. Many Americans have taken to treadmill for years

[A]its inherent awards to their health

[B]its greater consumption of oxygen

[C] the compliment paid by authorities

[D]the actual benefits from the exercise

2. According to the author，“Super Slow’’training

[A]has been misunderstood for decades

[B]has been widely accepted recently

[C]has been the basis ofweight lifting

[D]has become the nucleus of aerobics

3. In practicing slow lifting，one has

[A]complete each rep with great

[B]tryhisbesttodothetraining

[C]sufferthe bitter effect called forth by the exercise

[D]exert extraordinary pressure on his legs and shoulders

4.While making each rep，one may suffer from

[A]impetus loss

[B]weight loss

[C]bearable iron weights

[D]the feeling of successful workout

5.The phrase“to break even”(Line 6，Para.3)most

[A]to upset the physical energy balance

[B]to disturb the calmness ofthe body

[C]to gain a greater profit than a loss

[D]to make neither a profit nor a loss

阅读小帮手

核心词汇

authority n.权威complement n.补足物pace n.步调

tolerance儿容忍sustain vt保持embrace v信奉benefit vi.受益

probably means association n.协会obscureadj.不出名的

dramatic adj.引人注目的moderate adj.适度的cradle n.发源地

stimulate vt.刺激effective adj.有效的surgeon n.外科医生claim Vt.声称

handle yr.操作impetus n.推动力，动量intense adj.强烈的tissue n.[生]组

译文：

三十年来我们不停地听到关于有氧(增加氧气消耗量)运动的种种优点。医学权威们都曾称赞，跑步和跳跃是获得健康的关键，于是数百万美国人选择靠跑步机获得健康。但这一情形正在改变。近来，从美国心脏协会到外科主任的办公室，每个人都信奉力量练习是有氧运动的一项补充。同举重运动一样，一度默默无闻的“超慢速’’运动成了主流。狂热者们称，以极其缓慢的速度——使每个动作重复持续14秒而不是通常的7秒——提升重物，你就肯定会给肌肉施加巨大的负荷，并产生特别的效果。正如一些倡导者所说，慢速举重也许不是你需要的惟一练习，但它的益处却往往是显著的。

几乎每个人都可以操作这套步骤，仅仅需要高度集中的注意力和对肌肉灼伤的忍耐力。在你每一次练习中——腿部伸展、仰卧举重、肩膊推举等等——将机器设定为提供最适度的阻力。但是由于你每次重复动作时动量逐渐减少，重量很快就会显得无法承受。你要忍住想要停下来的冲动，直到你无法坚持再重复一次。接着，你要保持住自己徒然的用力达10秒以上，直到力量全部用尽。太剧烈?不舒服?当然。即便这样的健身运动没能帮你塑造出理想

的肌肉，它也能让你获得一种享受。你的目的不是只在做练习时燃烧卡路里，而是要使你的身体时时刻刻燃烧卡路里。跑几英里会使你出汗，但是I英里仅仅消耗100卡路里，而且它不能刺激骨头和肌肉的发展。力量训练同样不能燃烧很多卡路里。可是当你将肌肉拉伸到无力时，就引发了大量生理学上的变化。肌肉的恢复需要若干天时间，它会变相——而新的肌肉组织将需要消耗能量。当你增加了3磅肌肉的时候，身体为了收支平衡，每个月就需要额外的9,000卡路里。保特稳定的饮食，你就会很快消耗掉体内脂肪。

人们可以从任何方式的力量训练项目中得到益处。但是倡导者们坚持认为慢速技巧要比传统方法更加安全和有效。

答案：

1. D细节题。根据题干关键词仃eadmiu定位文章第一段，第二句提到美国人喜欢练脚踏车是为了reaDthe rewards(得到报偿)，由此可知D“从运动中获得实际的好处”最符合题意。其余三项A “与生俱来地对他们健康有好处”，人在跑步机上运动才会对身体有益，而不是跑步机本身对健康有益，可排除;B“由于跑步机耗氧量大”，跑步机耗氧是为了锻炼身体，但并非最终目的，排除;c“由于受到权威的赞美”属于偷换概念，因为文中提到受称赞的是running and jumping，也排除。

2. B推断题。根据题干关键词super slOW定位文章第一段，其中提到“同举重运动一样，一度默默无闻的‘超慢速’运动也已成为了主流”，可知B说法最恰当。A中的misunderstood是对obscure(模糊的，不引人注意的)的有意曲解;c的内容在文中并未提到;D 言过其实，文中只说strength training(力量锻炼)是a complement to aerobics(有氧健身运动的一个补充)，但没有说“Super。S10w”training成为有氧运动的核心，故排除。

3. c推断题。题干关键词slowli埘ng(慢速举重)最先出现在第一段最后一句，随后第二段进一步描述该运动要求高度集中的注意力和对肌肉灼伤的忍耐力。选项A中所说的“给肌肉施加巨大的负荷”，不同于文中的“对肌肉灼伤的忍耐力”，二者程度不同;选项B在文中并未提及，D说的是举重锻炼的不同部位而非slowl确ng的要求，因此C“忍受由于练习所致的肌肉疼痛”符合文意。

4. A细节题。由题干中的信息词make each rep定位第二段第四句“但由于你每次重复动作时动量逐渐减少，重量很快就会显得无法承受”。由此可推知，慢速举重者可能会面临动量损失的情况，故选项A最符合题意。B文中未提;C与文中提到feel unbearable相反、D与文意相反。

5. D语义题。由题干定位第三段“当你增加了3磅肌肉的时候，身体为了，每个月就需要额外的9，00()卡路里”。结合选项，A和B均指“打乱身体能量平衡”，实际上大量的运动已经使身体能量不平衡了，无需再打乱平衡，故两者均可排除;c“盈余”，结合常识可知，这根本不利于健康，可排除;D“收支平衡”即保持身体能量平衡，符合题意。

凯程教育：

凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；

凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里；

信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；

使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构；

激情：永不言弃，乐观向上；

敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；

服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。

如何选择考研辅导班：

在考研准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。

师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集，李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。

对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程教育拿下2017五道口金融学院状元，考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士10人，人大金融硕士15个，中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人，北师大教育学7人，会计硕士保录班考取30人，翻译硕士接近20人，中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研，他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。

建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久，积累的人脉资源更多。例如，凯程教育已经成立10年（2005年），一直以来专注于考研，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。

有没有实体学校校区：有些机构比较小，就是一个在写字楼里上课，自习，这种环境是不太好的，一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境，大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区，有吃住学一体化教学环境，独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全，这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外，最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学

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