21世纪大学英语读写教程(四)unit1课文及翻译

Who Is Great？

Michael Ryan

As a young boy, Albert Einstein did so poorly in school that teachers thought he was slow. The young Napoleon Bonaparte was just one of hundreds of artillery lieutenants in the French Army. And the teenage George Washington, with little formal education, was being trained not as a soldier but as a land surveyor.

Despite their unspectacular beginnings, each would go on to carve a place for himself in history. What was it that enabled them to become great? Were they born with something special? Or did their greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and, perhaps, an uncompromising personality?

For decades, scientists have been asking such questions. And, in the past few years, they have found evidence to help explain why some people rise above, while others—similarly talented, perhaps—are left behind. Their findings could have implications for us all.

Who is great? Defining who is great depends on how one measures success. But there are some criteria. "Someone who has made a lasting contribution to human civilization is great," said Dean Keith Simonton, a professor of psychology at the University of California at Davis and author of the 1994 book Greatness: Who Makes History and Why. But he added a word of caution: "Sometimes great people don't make it into the history books.

A lot of women achieved great things or were influential but went unrecognized."

In writing his book, Simonton combined historical knowledge about great figures with recent findings in genetics, psychiatry and the social sciences. The great figures he focused on include men and women who have won Nobel Prizes, led great nations or won wars, composed symphonies that have endured for centuries, or revolutionized science, philosophy, politics or the arts. Though he doesn't have a formula to define how or why certain people rise above (too many factors are involved), he has come up with a few common characteristics.

A "never surrender" attitude. If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. "There's a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal," he explained. "But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. It's a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion."

He cited Winston Churchill, Britain's prime minister during World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into office when his country's morale was at its lowest, Churchill rose

brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the nation when he said, "We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We shall never surrender."

Can you be born great? In looking at Churchill's role in history —as well as the roles of other political and military leaders—Simonton discovered a striking pattern: "Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in time of crisis: They're used to taking charge. But middle-borns are better as peacetime leaders: They listen to different interest groups better and make the necessary compromises. Churchill, an only child, was typical. He was great in a crisis, but in peacetime he was not effective—not even popular."

Timing is another factor. "If you took George Washington and put him in the 20th century he would go nowhere as a politician," Simonton declared. "He was not an effective public speaker, and he didn't like shaking hands with the public. On the other hand, I'm not sure Franklin Roosevelt would have done well in Washington's time. He wouldn't have had the radio to do his fireside chats."

Can you be too smart? One surprise among Simonton's findings is that many political and military leaders have been bright but not overly so. Beyond a certain point, he explained, other factors, like the ability to communicate effectively, become more important than innate intelligence as measured by an IQ test. The most intelligent U.S. Presidents, for example—Thomas Jefferson, Woodrow Wilson and John F. Kennedy—had a hard time getting elected, Simonton said, while others with IQs closer to the average (such as Warren G. Harding) won by landslides. While political and economic factors also are involved, having a genius IQ is not necessary to be a great leader.

In the sciences, those with "genius level" IQs do have a better chance at achieving recognition, added Simonton. Yet evidence also indicates that overcoming traditional ways of thinking may be just as important.

He pointed to one recent study where college students were given a set of data and were asked to see if they could come up with a mathematical relation. Almost a third did. What they did not know was that they had just solved one of the most famous scientific equations in history: the Third Law of Planetary Motion, an equation that Johannes Kepler came up with in 1618.

Kepler's genius, Simonton said, was not so much in solving a mathematical challenge. It was in thinking about the numbers in a unique way—applying his mathematical knowledge to his observations of planetary motion. It was his boldness that set him apart.

Love your work. As a child, Einstein became fascinated with the way magnets are drawn to metal. "He couldn't stop thinking about this stuff," Simonton pointed out. "He became obsessed with problems in physics by the

time he was 16, and he never stopped working on them. It's not surprising that he made major contributions by the time he was 26."

"For most of us, it's not that we don't have the ability," Simonton added, "it's that we don't devote the time. You have to put in the effort and put up with all the frustrations and obstacles."

Like other creative geniuses, Einstein was not motivated by a desire for fame, said Simonton. Instead, his obsession with his work was what set him apart.

Where such drive comes from remains a mystery. But it is found in nearly all creative geniuses—whether or not their genius is acknowledged by contemporaries.

"Emily Dickinson was not recognized for her poetry until after her death," said Simonton. "But she was not writing for fame. The same can be said of James Joyce, who didn't spend a lot of time worrying about how many people would read Finnegans Wake."

Today, researchers have evidence that an intrinsic passion for one's work is a key to rising above. In a 1985 study at Brandeis University conducted by Teresa Amabile, now a professor of business administration at Harvard University, a group of professional writers—none famous—were asked to write a short poem. Each writer was then randomly placed in one of three groups: One group was asked to keep in mind the idea of writing for money; another was told to think about writing just for pleasure; and a third group was given no instruction at all.

The poems then were submitted anonymously to a panel of professional writers for evaluation. The poetry written by people who thought about writing for money ranked lowest. Those who thought about writing just for pleasure did the best. "Motivation that comes from enjoying the work makes a significant difference, "Amabile said.

当阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦是个小男孩的时候，他在学校里的成绩很差，老师们都觉得他反应迟钝。拿破仑-波拿巴年轻时只是法国陆军中几百名炮兵中尉中的一名。没有接受过什么正规教育的乔治-华盛顿，十几岁时不是受训当兵而是受训做土地测量员。

尽管他们的起步平淡无奇，但是后来个个都青史留名。究竟是什么使他们成了伟人呢？是否他们生来就有什么特别？亦或他们的伟大与生逢其时、与献身精神，也许与一种坚定的个性更为有关？

几十年来，科学家们一直在问这样的问题。在过去几年里，他们已经发现了一些情况，这些情况有助于解释为什么有些人出类拔萃，而另一些人----也许同样具有才华----却被抛在了后面。他们的发现可能对我们每个人都有意义。

谁是伟人？伟人的定义取决于如何衡量成功。但标准还是有的。“对人类文明做出永久性贡献的人是伟大的，”基思-西蒙顿院长说。他是加州大学戴维斯分校的一名心理学教授，是1994年出版的《伟大：谁创造了历史，原因何在》一书的作者。但他又提醒说：“有时候伟人并没有被载入史册。许多女性取得了巨大成就，或者颇具影响力，但却没有得到公认。

在这本书的写作中，西蒙顿融合了关于伟大人物的历史知识以及遗传学、精神病学和社会科学领域的最新发现。他所聚焦的伟人包括获得过诺贝尔奖、领导过伟大国家或打赢过战争、谱写过流芳百世的交响乐、或在科学、哲学、政治、艺术上引起过巨变的男女人物。虽然他没有一个公式来解释有些人怎样或者怎么出类拔萃（涉及的因素太多了），但他却提出了一些共同的特点。

一种“永不屈服”的态度。西蒙顿说，如果成就巨大者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种坚持不懈地追求成功的动力。“往往有人认为他们具备一些超常非凡的东西，”他解释道。“但研究表明，有些伟人并没有惊人的智力,有的只是程度上的差异而已。伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。”

他举了二战时期的英国首相温斯顿-丘吉尔作为永不放弃敢于冒险的典范。丘吉尔在全国士气最为低落的时候被推上了台，并出色地领导了英国人民。在1940年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中，他的话激励了全国人民，“我们决不会退缩、永不失败。我们一定要坚持到底......我们永远不会屈服。”

你会天生就伟大吗？西蒙顿经过研究丘吉尔在历史上的作用----通过研究其他政治和军事领袖的作用----发现了一个惊人的模式：“长子长女和独生子女往往会成为危难时期的优秀领导者：他们习惯于承担责任。但是在和平时期，中间出生的人们是更好的领袖；他们更善于倾听不同利益群体的呼声，作出必需的妥协。独生子丘吉尔就很典型。他在危难中是伟大的，但是在和平时期却并不称职----甚至于不得人心。”

生逢其时是又一个因素。“如果你把乔治?华盛顿放在20世纪，他作为一个政治家将一事无成，”西蒙顿宣称。“他不善于公开演讲，他也不喜欢同公众握手。反之，我看富兰克林?罗斯福若在华盛顿的时代也很难有所作为。火炉边谈话是不会有收音机来为他广播的。”

你会过于太聪明吗？西蒙顿有一个出人意料的发现，许多政治和军事领袖虽然很聪明，但并非过于聪明。他解释说，超过了一定程度，有效沟通的能力等其它因素比智商测试测得的先天智力更为重要。西蒙顿说，最具才智的美国总统----如托马斯-杰斐逊，伍德罗-威尔逊和约翰-F-肯尼迪等----好不容易才当选总统，而其他智商接近于平均水平的人（如沃沦-G-哈定）却在竞选中大获全胜。因为还涉及到政治和经济因素，所以具备天才的智商并不一定会成为伟大领袖。

在科学领域，西蒙顿补充说，那些具有“天才级”智商的人确实更有可能获得承认。然而，事实也表明克服传统的思维方式也许同样重要。

他提到最近的一项研究：给大学生们一系列数据，问他们能否找出一种数学关系。

几乎三分之一的人找了出来。他们并不知道他们刚刚解出的是历史上最著名的科学等式之一：行星运动第三定律，约翰尼斯-开普勒在1618年发现了一个等式。

西蒙顿说，开普勒的天才并不在于解决了一道数学难题，而在于用一种独特的方式思考数字----将数学知识运用到对行星运动的观测之中。正是他的胆识使他与众不同。

热爱工作。童年时，爱因斯坦迷上了磁铁同金属相吸的现象。“他忍不住要去想这种东西，”西蒙顿指出。“他16岁就对物理学的问题着了迷，并从未停止过对它们的研究。所以他在26岁时作出重大的贡献也就不足为怪了。”

“对我们大多数人来说，并不是我们没有这能力，”西蒙顿补充说，“而是我们没有投入时间。你一定要投入精力，并承受一切挫折和障碍。”

像其他有创造性的天才一样，爱因斯坦的动力并非对名誉的渴望，西蒙顿说。相反，是他对工作的痴迷使他与众不同。

这样的动力来自何处仍是一个谜。但它几乎在一切有创造性的天才身上都能找到----无论他们的才华是否得到同代人的认可。

“艾米莉-迪金森的诗歌直到她去世后被人承认，”西蒙顿说。“但她不是为了名而写的。詹姆斯-乔伊斯也是如此，他没有多费时间去担心有多少人会读他的《为芬尼根守灵》。”

如今，研究者们有证据证明，对工作的内在热情是出类拔萃的一个关键。现任哈佛大学工商管理教授特蕾莎-阿玛贝尔1985年在布兰代斯大学主持的一项研究中，要求一批专业作家----其中没有一位是有名气的----各写一首短诗。当时每位作家被随机分别编到三个小组中：一个小组要求记住是为金钱而写；另一个小组要求想着只为消遣而写；第三个小组则没有给任何指示。

然后这些诗歌匿名交给一个由专业作家组成的评判小组进行评审。想着为金钱而写作的人所写的诗歌排名最低。那些想着只为消遣而写作的人写得最好。“从对工作的喜爱中获得的动力起着重要的作用，”阿玛贝尔说。

新视野大学英语读写教程第三版第一册课文翻译

Unit1奔向更加光明的未来 1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。在这所大学里，我们承诺 将使你们学有所成。 2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。” “等一等 , ”爸爸说，“把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。” 在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。至今它还放在我办公室的桌子上。 3 让我来告诉你们, 一些你们未必预料得到的事情。你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你 们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住：未来是建立在过 去扎实的基础上的。 4 对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。在这里，你们拥有丰富的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团——从文科社团到理科社团、到社区服务等等。你们将自由地探索、学习新科目。你们要学着习惯点灯熬油，学着结交充满魅力的人，学着 去追求新的爱好。我想鼓励你们充分利用这一特殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获 这一机会所带来的丰硕成果。 5 有这么多课程可供选择，你可能会不知所措。你不可能选修所有的课程，但是要尽可能 体验更多的课程！大学里有很多事情可做可学，每件事情都会为你提供不同视角来审视世 界。如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！不要认为你早就了解自己对什么样的领域最感兴趣。选择一些你从未接触过的领域的课程。这样，你不仅会变得更加博学，而且更有可能发现一个你未曾想到的、能成就你未来的爱好。一个绝佳的例子就是时装设计师王薇薇，她最初学的是艺术史。随着时间的推移，王薇薇把艺术史研究和对时装的热爱结合起来，并将其转化为对设计的热情，从而使她成为全球闻名的设计师。 6 在大学里，一下子拥有这么多新鲜体验可能不会总是令人愉快的。在你的宿舍楼里，住在你 隔壁寝室的同学可能会反复播放同一首歌，令你头痛欲裂！你可能喜欢早起，而你的室友 却是个夜猫子！尽管如此，你和你的室友仍然可能成为最要好的朋友。如果有些新的经历让你感觉不那么舒心，不要担心。我保证快乐的经历会多于不快的经历。而且我保证几乎所有这些经历都会给你带来宝贵的经验教训，从而使你的生活更加丰富多彩。所以，带着热切的目光和欢乐的心情，勇敢向前去拥抱这些新的体验吧！ 7 我们相信，你们的自我发现之旅和对爱好的寻求带给你们的将不仅仅是个人的进步。我们相信，当你们成为我们的学者群体中的一员时，你们很快就会认识到，大学不仅提供大量自我充实的机会，同时也带来了责任。一位智者说过：“教育代代相传，它就是社会的灵魂。”你们是你们家庭辛勤劳动成果的传承者，也是无数前辈辛勤劳动成果的传承者。他们积累了知识，并把知识传递给你们，而这些知识正是你们取得成功所必需的。现在轮到你们了。你们会获取什么样的知识？你们会发现什么样的兴趣爱好？你们怎样做才能为你们的子孙后代创造一个强大昌盛的未来？ 8 我们很高兴能为你们人生旅途中这一重大阶段开启大门。我们很高兴你们将获得许多机会，也很高兴你们将作为社区、国家乃至世界的公民承担起应有的责任。欢迎你们！

21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册(翻译答案)

Unit1 1.美国人往往以从事的工作来对人们进行划分。家庭和教育背景这些特点被认为是不太重要的。Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do. Such characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are considered less important. 2.他决不妥协的个性是他再也无法容忍他的雇主，并最终递交了辞职书的原因。 His uncompromising personally explains why he would no longer put up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation 3.如果你真的想学好英语，你就必须投入大量的时间和精力，否则你就不会有任何进步。对于其他课程也可以这么说。 If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time and energy, or you’ll do nowhere. The same can be said of other subjects. 4.有些演员的名声靠的是他们天生的美貌，但是达斯汀&霍夫曼尽管身材矮小，还是出类拔萃，而使他与众不同的正是他精湛的演技。 Some actors fame is built on there innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting that set him apart. 5.他负责管理之后，我们发现他与前任有明显的不同：他有干劲合和激情，想出了很多新点子，并把工作重点放在如何鼓舞我们的士气上。 After he took charge, we discovered that there were striking difference many new ideas，and focused on his work on how to rise our morale. 6.当邓小平宣布中国改革开放政策的时候，他被永远载入史册。尽管障碍重重，他以不懈的努力为我国的现代化做出了永久性的贡献。 Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared China’s reform and opening-up policy .Despite tremendous obstacles， he made lasting contributions to our country’s modernization with his unrelenting efforts. 7.为什么有人拥有天才级的智商却被智商平平但很刻苦的人丢在后面？承认除了智商之外，还有很多别的因素与；一个人的成就有着很大的关系。 Why would someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a hardworking person with an average IQ? It has to be acknowledged that besides one’s IQ, many other factors have much to do with one’s achievements. 8.这位教师真了不起，她能在教东西之前调动学生积极性，者并不是因为她有天赋，而是因为她只想着在课堂上吸引他们的注意力。 This teacher is really remarkable in first motivating her students, so she can really teach them something. It’s not that she is talented, it’s that she focused completely or drawing their full attention in class. Unit2 1.他瞪眼看着约翰，对他拒绝合作感到恼怒。 He glared at john and was annoyed by his refusal to cooperate. 2.约翰真诚的讲话表达了他对那些在他处于困境时给过他慷慨帮助的人们的感激之情。 John’s sincere speech shows his gratitude to the people who rendered him generous help when he was in difficulty. 3.他可说是一个集邮家。他曾经储蓄了两年去买一张珍邮这件事便是证明。 He is something of a stamp collector. The fact that once he saved up for two years to buy a rare stamp is proof of it. 4.这些玫瑰的美丽怎么评价也不过分。他们以各种方式吸引住了所有游客。

新视野大学英语_读写教程4课文翻译

●UNIT 1 ●第一段翻译：（艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。 成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。） ●第二段翻译：（对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！” 他们的担心不无道理。 追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。 尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。 享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。） ●UNIT 2 ●第六段翻译：（这种震惊唤起了他的想象。 卓别林并没有把他的笑料事先写成文字。他是那种边表演边根据感觉去创造艺术的喜剧演员。 没有生命的物体特别有助于卓别林发挥自己艺术家的天赋。 他将这些物体想象成其他东西。 因此在《当铺老板》中，一个坏闹钟变成了正在接受手术的“病人”. 在《淘金记》中，靴子被放在锅里煮，靴底被蘸着盐和胡椒吃掉，就像上好的鱼片一样（鞋钉就像鱼骨那样被剔除）。 这种对事物的转化，以及他一次又一次做出这种转化的技巧，正是卓别林伟大喜剧的奥秘所在。） ●UNIT 4 ●第一段翻译：（一个将会大大提高发展中国家生活水准的转变正方兴未艾。 一些不久前还是信息闭塞的地方正在迅速获得最新的通信技术，这将促进他们吸纳国内外投资。 亚洲、拉丁美洲和东欧的许多国家也许需要10年时间来改善其交通、电力供应和其他公用设施。 但是只一根直径小于半毫米的光纤电缆就可以比由铜丝制成的粗电缆承载更多的信息。

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新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第四册课文及翻译

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新视野大学英语(第二版)读写教程3 课文翻译

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新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第一册课文翻译

读写教程01课文翻译 Unit01 TestA 奔向更加光明的未来 1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。 2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。”“等一等,”爸爸说，“把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。”在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。至今它还放在我办公室的桌子上。 3 让我来告诉你们一些你们未必预料得到的事情。你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住：未来是建立在过去扎实的基础上的。 4 对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。在这里，你们拥有丰富的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团——从文科社团到理科社团、到社区服务等等。你们将自由地探索、学习新科目。你们要学着习惯点灯熬油，学着结交充满魅力的人，学着去追求新的爱好。我想鼓励你们充分利用这一特殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获这一机会所带来的丰硕成果。 5 有这么多课程可供选择，你可能会不知所措。你不可能选修所有的课程，但是要尽可能体验更多的课程！大学里有很多事情可做可学，每件事情都会为你提供不同视角来审视世界。如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！不要认为你早就了解自己对什么样的领域最感兴趣。选择一些你从未接触过的领域的课程。这样，你不仅会变得更加博学，而且更有可能发现一个你未曾想到的、能成就你未来的爱好。一个绝佳的例子就是时装设计师王薇薇，她最初学的是艺术史。随着时间的推移，王薇薇把艺术史研究和对时装的热爱结合起来，并将其转化为对设计的热情，从而使她成为全球闻名的设计师。 6 在大学里，一下子拥有这么多新鲜体验可能不会总是令人愉快的。在你的宿舍楼里，住在你隔壁寝室的同学可能会反复播放同一首歌，令你头痛欲裂！你可能喜欢早起，而你的室友却是个夜猫子！尽管如此，你和你的室友仍然可能成为最要好的朋友。如果有些新的经历让你感觉不那么舒心，不要担心。我保证快乐的经历会多于不快的经历。而且我保证几乎所有这些经历都会给你带来宝贵的经验教训，从而使你的生活更加丰富多彩。所以，带着热切的目光和欢乐的心情，去拥抱这些新的体验吧！ 7 我们相信，你们的自我发现之旅和对爱好的寻求带给你们的将不仅仅是个人的进步。我们相信，当你们成为我们的学者群体中的一员时，你们很快就会认识到，大学不仅提供大量

第二版新视野大学英语读写教程4第四册课文翻译

课文翻译 艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。 成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。 对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。 追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。 尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。 成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。 为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。 他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。 尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。 若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。 公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。 有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。 公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。 知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。 同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。 他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。 名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。 它让你失去自我。你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。 艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。 一滴名气之水有可能玷污人的心灵这一整口井，因此一个艺术家若能保持真我，会格外让人惊叹。

新视野大学英语读写教程第三版翻译

新视野Book3 汉译英翻译 Unit 1 Translate the following paragraph into English 如今，很多年轻人不再选择“稳定”的工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。青年创业(young entrepreneurship)是未来国家经济活力的来源，创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活，从长远来看，对于国家更是一件好事，创业者正式让中国经济升级换代的力量。尤其是在当前，国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新，在政策上给予中小企业支持，这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。 Nowadays, many young people no longer choose“stable” jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people’s life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China’s economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people’s enthusiasm to start their own businesses. Unit 2 Translate the following paragraph into English 实现中华民族伟大复兴（rejuvenation)是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，我称之为“中国梦”，其基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。中国梦，是让每一个积极进取的中国人形成世世代代的信念：只要经过不懈的奋斗便能获得更好的生活。人们必须通过自己的勤奋、勇气、创意和决心迈向繁荣，而不是依赖于社会和他人的援助。每个中国人都是中国梦的参与者和创造者。中国梦是民族的梦，也是每个中国人的梦。 Realizing the great national rejuvenation, which we define as the Chinese Dream, has been the greatest Chinese expectation since modern times. It basically means achieving prosperity for the country, renewal of the nation and happiness for the people, thus ensuring that every enterprising Chinese carries, generation after generation, the firm conviction that a better life is accomplished through persistent effort. People should achieve their prosperity through diligence, courage, creativity and determination instead of aid from society or other people. Each individual is a participant and a designer in the cause of realizing the Chinese Dream, for it is a dream not only for the entire nation but also for every Chinese. Unit 3 Translate the following paragraph into English 水墨画（ink and wash painting）是中国独具特色的传统艺术形式之一，是中国国画的代表。它大约始于唐代，兴盛于宋代和元代，距今已有一千多年的历史，其间经历了不断的发展、提高和完善。水墨画的创作工具和材料是具有浓厚中国特色的毛笔、宣纸和墨，其作品特点也与此紧密相关。例如，水和墨相互调和，使作品具有干湿浓淡的层次。水墨和宣纸的交融渗透也使画作善于表现丰富的意向，从而达到独特的审美效果。水墨画在中国绘画史上具有很高的地位，甚至被认为是衡量东方绘画艺术水平的标准。 Ink and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms of China, is representative of Chinese painting. It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties. With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfection. The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting, i.e. brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related to the features of the paintings. For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different shades of dryness, wetness, thickness and thinness. The integration and infiltration of water, ink, and rice paper enables such paintings to convey rich images, and hence to achieve unique aesthetic effects.

大学学术英语读写教程 下册 课文翻译

WHAT IS STRESS The term stress has been defined in several different ways. sometimes the term is applied to stimuli or events in our environment that make physical and emotional demands on us, and sometimes it is applied to our emotional and physical reactions to such stimuli. in this discussion, we will refer to the environmental stimuli or events as stressors and to the emotional and physical reactions as stress. 压力这个词已经有几种不同的定义。有时候这个术语适用于我们环境中的刺激或事件，这些刺激或事件会对我们产生身体和情感方面的要求，有时也适用于我们对这种刺激的情绪和身体反应。在这个讨论中，我们将环境刺激或事件称为压力，并将情绪和身体上的反应称为压力。 Many sorts of events be stressors, including disasters, such as hurricanes or tornadoes; major life events, such as divorce or the loss of a job; and daily hassles, such as having to wait in line at the supermarket when you need to be somewhere else in 10 minutes. What all this events have in common is that they interfere with or threat our accustomed way of life. when we encounter such stressors, we must pull together our mental and physical resources in order to deal with the challenge. How well we succeed in doing so will determine how serious a toll the stress will take on our mental and physical well-being. 许多事件都是压力源，包括灾难，如飓风或龙卷风; 重大生活事件，如离婚或失业; 每天都有麻烦，比如当你要在10分钟内到别的地方去却不得不在超市排队等。所有这些事件都有共同之处，就是它们干涉或威胁我们习惯的生活方式。当我们遇到这样的压力时，我们必须整合我们的精神和物质资源来应对挑战。我们如何成功地做到这一点将决定压力对我们身心健康将产生多大的影响。 Reacting to stressors The Canadian physiologist Hans Seyle has been the most influential writer on stress. Seyle proposed that both humans and other animals react to any stressor in three stages, collectively known as the general adaptation syndrome. the first stage, when the person or animal becomes aware of the stressor is the alarm reaction. In this stage the organism becomes highly alert and aroused, energized by a burst of epinephrine. After the alarm reaction comes the stage of resistance , as the organism tries to adapt to the stressful stimulus or to escape from it. If these efforts are successful, the state of the organism returns to normal. If the organism cannot adapt to the continuing stress, however, it enters a stage of exhaustion or collapse. 加拿大生理学家Hans Seyle在压力方面一直是最有影响力的作家。塞尔提出，人类和其他动物在三个阶段对任何压力源作出反应，统称为一般适应综合症。第一阶段，当人或动物意识到应激源时，就是警报反应。在这个阶段，机体变得高度警觉和激起，并被一阵肾上腺素所激发。当警报反应进入抵抗阶段后，机体试图适应压力刺激或逃避压力。如果这些努力成功，机体的状态就会恢复正常。然而，如果生物体不能适应持续的压力，它就进入衰竭或崩溃的阶段。 Seyle developed his model of the general adaptation syndrome as a result of research with rats and other animals. In rats, certain stressors, such as painful tail-pulling consistently led to the same sorts of stress reactions in humans, however, it is harder to predict what will be stressful to a particular person at a particular time. subjective person's the on depends stressful be will stimulus particular a Whether

21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册课后练习中英互译答案

21世纪英语读写教程第四册课后翻译答案 Unit1 If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an relenting drive to succeed. “There is an tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal,”he explained. “But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. It’s a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion.” 西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种持续不断追求成功的动力 人们往往认为他们具备一些超常非凡的东西，但研究表明，有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。有的只是程度上的差异而已。伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。 He cited Winston Churchill, Britain’s prime minister during World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into his office when his country’s moral was at its lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired to nation when he said, “We should not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end…We shall never surrender.” 他举出二战时期的首相温斯顿·邱吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险者的典范。邱吉尔在全国上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色的领导了英国人民。在敦刻尔克的盟军1940年撤离后的讲话中，他鼓舞整个国家说，我们不会衰退，失败。我们将坚持到底……我们永远不会屈服。 1.美国人往往以从事的工作来对人们进行划分。家庭和教育背景这些特点被认为是不太重要的。 Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do. Such characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are considered less important. 2.他决不妥协的个性是他再也无法容忍他的雇主,并最终递交了辞职书的原因。 His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation. 3.如果你真想学好英语，你就必须投入大量的时间和精力，否则你就不会有任何进步。对于其他课程也可以这么说。 His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time and energy, or you'll go nowhere. The same can be said of other subjects. 4.有些演员的名声靠的是他们天生的美貌，但是达斯汀?霍夫曼(Dustin Hoffman) 尽管身材矮小(short stature)，还是出类拔萃，而使他与众不同的正是他精湛的演技。 Some actors fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting that set him apart.

最新新视野大学英语读写教程第四册(第二版)课文翻译uint-1

Unit 1 An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. 艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。 The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction. 成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。 "Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed. 对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。 The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt. 追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。 Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on. 尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。 The lure of drowning in fame's imperial glory is not easily resisted. 享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。 Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of exploiting their talent for singing, dancing,