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翻译考研华东师大805文学与翻译考研配套考研真题集

翻译考研华东师大805文学与翻译考研配套考研真题集
翻译考研华东师大805文学与翻译考研配套考研真题集

翻译考研华东师大805文学与翻译考研配套考研真

题集

一、华东师范大学翻译考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. Translate into Chinese the following extract from “The Rose,”written by Logan Pearsall Smith in 1918.

The old lady had always been proud of the great rose-tree in her garden, and was fond of telling how it had grown from a cutting she had brought years before from Italy, when she was first married. She and her husband had been travelling back in their carriage from Rome (it was before the time of railways) and on a bad piece of road south of Siena they had broken down, and had been forced to pass the night in a little house by the road-side. The accommodation was wretched of course; she had spent a sleepless night, and rising early had stood, wrapped up, at her window, with the cool air blowing on her face, to watch the dawn. She could still, after all these years, remember the blue mountains with the bright moon above them, and how a far-off town on one of the peaks had gradually grown whiter and whiter, till the moon faded, the mountains were touched with the pink of the rising sun, and suddenly the town was lit as by an illumination, one window after another catching and reflecting the sun’s beam, till at last the whole little city twinkled and sparkled up in the sky like a nest of stars.

That morning, finding they would have to wait while their carriage was being repaired, they had driven in a local conveyance up to the city on the mountain, where they had been told they would find better quarters; and there they had stayed two or three days.

The Cafe of the simple inn where they stayed was the meeting place of the notabilities of the little city; and among them they noticed a beautiful, slim, talkative old man, with bright black eyes and snow-white hair—tall and straight and still with the figure of a youth, although the waiter told them with pride that the Conte was molto vecchio—would in fact be eighty in the following year. He was the last of his family, the waiter added—they had once been great and rich people—but he had no descendants; in fact the waiter mentioned with complacency, as if it were a story on which the locality prided itself, that the Conte had been unfortunate in love, and had never married.

The old gentleman, however, seemed cheerful enough; and it was plain that he took an interest in the strangers, and wished to make their acquaintance. This was soon effected by the friendly waiter; and after a little talk the old man invited them to visit his villa and garden which were just outside the walls of the town. So the next afternoon, when the sun began to descend, and they saw in glimpses through door-ways and windows, blue shadows beginning to spread over the brown mountains, they went to pay their visit. It was not much of a place, a small,

modernized, stucco villa, with a hot pebbly garden, and in it a stone basin with torpid gold-fish, and a statue of Diana and her hounds against the wall. But what gave a glory to it was a gigantic rose-tree which clambered over the house, almost smothering the windows, and filling the air with the perfume of its sweetness. Yes, it was a fine rose, the Conte said proudly when they praised it, and he would tell the Signora about it. And as they sat there, drinking the wine he offered them, he alluded with the cheerful indifference of old age to his love-affair, as though he took for granted that they had heard of it already.

Notes:

1. Siena: name of an Italian town

2. Conte: (Italian) Earl

3. molto vecchio: (Italian) very old

4. Signora: (Italian) madam

【参考译文】

老太太总以自家花园里那棵高大的玫瑰树为荣。她非常喜欢告诉别人,数年前她初次结婚时从罗马带回来的枝条,是如何长成如今这般高大的。那时,她与丈夫乘马车从罗马旅行归来(那时还没有火车),途经锡耶那南部的崎岖路段时,马车坏了,他们被迫就宿于路边的小屋里。住宿条件当然非常差;她一夜未能安眠,一早便起身穿好衣服,立于窗前,感受着扑面而来的席席凉风,等待着黎明的到来。事隔多年,她仍然记得那情景。明月高悬在青山群峦之上,远处山峰上的小镇逐渐明亮起来,月亮慢慢消退,晨曦把群山涂得粉红。突然之间,一束阳光照

亮了城镇。城里的窗户相继明亮起来,反射出耀眼的光芒。最后,整个小城宛若繁星,在天空中不停闪烁。

早上,得知须等些时日马车才能修好,他们便搭乘当地车辆去了山顶小城。有人告诉他们在那可以找到更好的住处。他们在那逗留了两三天。

他们居住在当地一个名流云集的简易酒店里。在他们当中,一位英俊、瘦高个儿而又健谈的老人引起他们的注意。他乌黑明亮的眼睛,雪白的头发,个子高高的,腰板很直,像年轻人一样。但是酒店的侍者却自豪地告诉他们实际上这位伯爵已届高龄,明年是他的80寿辰。侍者还说到伯爵是这个家族的最后一员,曾是豪门大户,但一生无子嗣。但事实上,这个侍者还甚是得意地说,伯爵情场失意,终生未娶,似乎是一件本地值得炫耀的事情。

然而,这位老先生似乎过得挺开心;显然对陌生人很感兴趣,愿意与之结交。很快这位和善的侍者促成了他们之间的认识。聊了一会儿,老人就遨请他们参观他在城外的别墅和花园。因此,第二天下午,日落之时,当他们从门口和窗口瞥见蓝色的阴影覆盖了褐色的山峦时,就动身去造访这位老伯爵了。其实别墅比较一般,只是一座拉毛粉饰的现代小别墅,铺有石头的花园里有些热,石盆中的金鱼无精打采,戴安娜和她的猎犬的雕像倚墙而立。然而,一颗巨大的玫瑰树为这座别墅增色不少,它高过屋顶,几乎遮住了窗户,散发出诱人的花香。“嗯!确实是一棵美丽的玫瑰树,”在他们的赞美声中老先生自豪地说,而且他很乐意为这位女士讲述玫瑰树的故事。当他们坐在那儿,喝着老人提供的葡萄酒时,老伯爵忘却了自己已届高龄,向大家娓娓道起自己当年的爱情故事,就好像他理所当然地认为他们早已经听说过似的。

——摘自洛根·皮尔索尔·史密斯《玫瑰树》

Ⅱ. Translate into English the following quotations from a speech delivered by Chinese President Jiang Zemin at Harvard University on November 1, 1997.

哈佛建校三百六十年来,培养出许多杰出的政治家、科学家、文学家和企业家,曾出过六位美国总统,三十多位诺贝尔奖获得者。先有哈佛,后有美利坚合众国,这说明了哈佛在美国历史上的地位。

哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。哈佛为增进中美两国人民的相互了解作出了有益的贡献。

我们的先人历来把独立自主视为立国之本,中国作为人类文明发祥地之一,在几千年的历史进程中,文化传统始终没有中断。近代中国虽屡遭列强欺凌,国势衰败。但经过全民族的百年抗争,又以巨人的姿态重新站立起来。这充分说明,中国人独立自主的民族精神具有坚不可摧的力量。

【参考译文】

Since the foundation of Harvard 360 years ago, it has brought up many excellent politicians, scientists, litterateurs, entrepreneurs, including 6 US presidents, and more than 30 winners of Nobel Prize. The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies to the position of Harvard in the United States in the American history Harvard is the earliest university of America to accept Chinese student abroad, thus Chinese education, science, literature area have been learning communication with Harvard. Harvard has made useful

contribution to the enhanced mutual understanding between the Chinese and American peoples.

Our ancestors always regarded the spirit of maintaining independence as the foundation of a nation. As one of the cradles of human civilization, China has all along maintained its cultural tradition without letup in its history of several thousand years. In modern times, the frequent bullying and humiliation by imperialist powers once weakened China. However, after a hundred years’struggle of the entire Chinese nation, China has stood up again as a giant. This fully testifies to the indestructible strength of this independent national spirit of the Chinese people.

——摘自前国家主席江泽民1997年于美国哈佛大学的演讲1999年华东师范大学英语翻译考研真题及详解

Ⅰ. Translate the following passage into Chinese. The selection is the opening part of “Dr Arnold”, an essay in English writer Lytton Strachey’s classic Eminent Victorians (1918). Some notes have been provided blow the passage in your aid.

The public schools of those days were still virgin forests, untouched by the hand of reform. Keate was still reigning at Eton; and we possess, in the records of his pupils, a picture of the public school education of the early nineteenth century, in its most characteristic state. It was a system of anarchy tempered by despotism. Hundreds of boys, herded together in miscellaneous boarding-houses, or in that grim “Long chamber”at

whose name in after years aged statesmen and warriors would turn pale, livid, badgered and over-awed by the furious incursions of an irascible little old man carrying a bundle of birch-twigs, a life in which licensed barbarism was mingled with the daily and hourly study of the niceties of Ovidian verse. It was a life of freedom and terror, of prosody and rebellion, of interminable floggings and appalling practical jokes. Keate ruled, unaided—for the under-masters were few and of no account—by sheer force of character. But there were times when even that indomitable will was overwhelmed by the flood of lawlessness. Every Sunday afternoon he attempted to read sermons to the whole school assembled; and every Sunday afternoon the whole school assembled shouted him down.

From two sides, this system of education was beginning to be assailed by the awakening public opinion of the upper middle classes. On the one hand, there was a desire for a more liberal curriculum; on the other, there was a desire for a higher moral tone. The growing utilitarianism of the age viewed with impatience a course of instruction which excluded every branch of knowledge except classical philology; while its growing respectability was shocked by such a spectacle of disorder and brutality as was afforded by the Eton of Keate. “The Public Schools,”said the Rev. Mr. Bowdler, “are the very seats and nurseries of vice.”

Dr. Arnold agreed. He was convinced of the necessity, for reform. But it was only natural that to one of his temperament and education it should have been the moral rather than the intellectual side of the question which impressed itself upon his mind. Doubtless it was important to teach boys something more than the bleak rigidities of the ancient tongues; but how much more important to instill into them the elements of character and the principles of conduct! His great object, throughout his career at Rugby, was, as he repeatedly said, to “make the school a place of really Christian education.”To introduce “a religious principle into education,”was his “most earnest wish,”he wrote to a friend when he first became headmaster; “but to do this would be to succeed beyond all my hopes; it would be a happiness so great, that, I think, the world would yield me nothing comparable to it.”And he was constantly impressing these sentiments upon his pupils. “What I have often said before,”he told them, “I repeat now: what we must look for here is, first, religious and moral principle; secondly, gentlemanly conduct; thirdly, intellectual ability.”

Notes:

1. Dr Arnold: Thomas Arnold, headmaster of Rugby School, one of the four best-known public schools in England in the 19th century, the other three being Eton, Winchester, and Harrow

2. Keate: John Keate, headmaster of Eton College

3. Ovidian verse: poems written by ancient Roman poet Ovid (43 BC—17/18 AD)

4. prosody: the study of patterns of sounds and beats in poetry

【参考译文】

那时的公立学校仍然是原始森林,没有受到改革的影响,基特仍然统治着伊顿公学。我们在他的学生的记录中,找到了19世纪早期公立学校教育的一张照片,19世纪的公学是最典型的,即专制统治下的无政府状态。数百个男孩——他们成群居住在各种寄宿宿舍,或冷酷无情的“长屋”,多年之后那些年迈的政客和军人提起它仍不禁脸色发青——在手持桦树枝的暴躁小老头的粗暴侵犯下生活着、纠结着、敬畏瑟缩着,这是以合法的野蛮暴虐和终日精研奥维德诗篇调和起来的生活。这是一种既自由又恐怖、既服从又反叛、既充满了乏味的鞭笞又充满骇人恶作剧的生活。基特独立统治着学校——副校长人数很少而且并不重要——他的统治风格和内容纯粹出自个人的性格。但有时,即使是不屈不挠的意志也会被目无法纪的洪流所淹没。每星期日下午,他都要给整个学校朗读布道,而每星期日下午,全校学生都聚在一起大声叫喊淹没他的声音。

从两个方面来说,这个教育体系开始受到上层中产阶级觉醒的舆论的攻击。一方面,人们渴望有一个更自由的课程;另一方面,人们渴望有更高的道德基调。随着年龄的增长,人们越来越缺乏耐心,除了古典语言学以外,其他学科都被排除在外;而基特所统治的伊顿公学所提供的这种无序和野蛮的奇观令人震惊。鲍德勒牧师说:“公立学校是恶习的座位和托儿所。”

阿诺德博士对此表示同意。他深信改革的必要性。但他的想法是很自然的,因为他的性格和受到的教育中,这应该是道德的问题,而不是智力上的问题。毫无疑

问,有些东西要比教给孩子们僵硬、荒凉的古代语言更重要,但更重要的是向他们灌输性格的要素和行为准则。他在拉格比公学任职时中,曾多次说过,他的伟大目标是“使学校成为真正的基督教教育场所”。将“宗教原则引入教育”是他“最诚挚的愿望”,当他第一次成为校长时,他写信给一位朋友;“但要做到这一点,就要超越我所有的希望,这将是一种幸福,我认为,这个世界将不会给我带来任何与之相媲美的东西。”他不断地给他的学生们留下这样的印象。“我以前常说的,”他说,“我现在再重复一遍:我们必须寻找的东西是,第一,宗教和道德原则;其次,绅士的行为;第三,智力的能力。”

——摘自贾尔斯·李顿·斯特雷奇《阿诺德博士》Ⅱ. Translate the following Chinese passage into English. A few notes are given below the passage for your reference.

我是1934年开始搞英译杜诗的,当时我正在美国加州大学学习。1933年我取得了英语语言文学硕士学位后,广东省政府的助学金就停止了,为了攻读博士学位,我不得不到唐人街教华侨子弟学中文。

那时中国正遭受日寇的侵略,人民流离失所。一个国家在遇外敌人侵的时候,不仅需要全国一致抗战,也需要得到世界人民的了解和支持。我感到我有责任用自己的英语修养为祖国和人民服务。

1931年我到美国后就发现,对大多数美国人来讲,古代中国就像一本没打开的书;近代中国则是一个迷。我想莎士比亚被承认为英国的民族诗人后,通过他的著作促进了新时代和旧时代人们之间的相互了解;当美国发生奴隶制度的争端时,杰姆斯·罗塞尔·罗威尔的诗曾引起英国人民对解放黑奴的同情;汉尼·维持斯维斯·郎弗罗把但丁的神曲译成英诗,促进了意美两民族的友谊;C·E诺顿把神曲

译成现代英语散文,尽管很忠实于原著的语言,但是不能代替哈佛大学诗人郎弗罗的译诗,因为后者作为诗人和学者使用两种语言的配合,使他的译作成为不朽的译著。

这些考虑使我想到要把杜甫的诗译成英诗。我从加州大学图书馆借阅了所有各家的英译唐诗,以便得到前笔的帮助。结果使我失望。外国学者对八世纪中国语言的误解和歪曲是难免的,一个外国人要入门中国古代语言是太困难了。这项工作应该由中国人自己来完成。我利用上课和工作之余的晚上,选译杜诗。但是这时由于工作过渡劳累和紧张,我病倒了,进疗养院。这时我丢失了杜诗的译稿。注:

1. 杰姆斯·罗塞尔·罗威尔:James Russell Lowell (1819—l891), American poet

2. 汉尼·维特斯维斯·郎弗罗:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807—1882), American poet

3. 但丁的神曲:Dante’s Divine Comedy

4. C·E诺顿:Charles Eliot Norton (1827—1908), American writer

5. 疗养院:sanatorium

【参考译文】

I began to translate Du Fu’s poetry into English in 1934, when I was studying at the University of California in the United States. After I received my master’s degree in English language and literature in 1933, the financial aid of the government of Guangdong Province ceased. In

order to study for a doctorate, I have to come to Chinatown to teach Chinese to overseas Chinese’s children.

At that time, China was suffering from Japanese aggression and people were displaced. When a country is invaded by an enemy, it needs not only the national consensus, but also the understanding and support of the world people. I felt that I had the responsibility to use my English to serve the motherland and the people.

When I came to the United States in 1931, I found that for most Americans, ancient China was like a book that had not been opened and modern China was a mystery. I thought that after being recognized as a British national poet, Shakespeare had promoted mutual understanding between people in the new era and the old times through his work. When the dispute over slavery in the United States occurred, the poem of James Russell Lowell caused the British people’s sympathy for the liberation of the slaves. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow translated Dante’s Divine Comedy into English poetry and promoted the friendship between the two peoples of Italy and the United States. Charles Eliot Norton translated Dante’s Divine Comedy into English prose, but did not take the place of Harvard poet Longfellow’s poetry translation, for the latter, as a poet and scholar, coordinated the two languages and made his translation become an immortal work.

These considerations made me think of translating Du Fu’s poems into English poetry. I borrowed all the English translation of Tang poems from the university of California library to get help from my predecessors. But the result was disappointing. It was unavoidable for foreign scholars to misunderstand and distort the Chinese language in eighth century. It was too difficult for a foreigner to understand the ancient Chinese language. The work should be done by the Chinese themselves. I took advantage of the rest of class and work to select some poems of Du Fu to translate. But I fell ill and went to the sanatorium because of the job transition and tension. At this time I lost the draft translation of Du Fu’s poems.

二、名校英汉互译考研真题

英汉互译考研真题分析

一般来说,英汉互译是全国各院校英语专业研究生入学考试常考的科目或者是考试科目中的常考内容,从“试题来源详细目录”中68所院校的考试科目就可以看出,除了“翻译理论与实践”、“翻译与写作”、“英语翻译基础”等考试科目必考英译汉或者汉译英,基础英语、英语综合水平测试、综合英语等必考科目的试题中都考英译汉或者汉译英的内容,也就是说,大多数的英语专业(包括英美文学、外国语言学及应用语言学等专业)都要考英语翻译的内容,因此,英汉互译对于报考英语专业的考生来说就显得非常重要!

英汉互译是许多学生得分不理想的考试内容,特别是一些著名院校(如北京外国语大学、上海外国语大学等)英语专业研究生入学考试的英汉互译试题就充分体

现了名校的高水平,其难度超出专业八级的翻译标准,甚至高于全国外语翻译证书一级笔译考试的要求。但对于各个院校来说,英语专业历年考研翻译试题的选材特点、考试侧重点和难度都存在差异,下面对全国68所院校英语专业研究生入学考试的英汉互译试题进行分析,以便读者更好地选择院校和考试科目。需要说明的一点就是:由于院校自主命题,院校的考试科目和翻译题型不是一成不变,一些院校年份较早的考试科目现在已不再考查,但其翻译试题依然有很好的参考价值,因此,本书也会对这些考试科目进行分析。

1.2全国68所院校英汉互译试题分析

北京地区

1.北京大学

翻译部分的试题来自英语语言文学专业考试科目“专业能力”和翻译硕士专业学位考试科目“英语翻译基础”。“专业能力”翻译部分为英译汉和汉译英的篇章或段落翻译,各占50分。英译汉多考的是十七、十八世纪的文章,尤其是富含哲理的文章,如培根的《论婚姻》,汉译英多以文言文为主,如《出师表》等,以及现代著名散文,如《秋夜》、《荷塘月色》等这一类文学色彩浓、思想性比较深刻而且语言优雅的散文。英译汉和汉译英两部分对考生的要求都很高,不仅要译出原文的思想,还要尽量使译文的风格与笔调与原文保持一致,比较注重考查考生的语言功底和文学修养水平。

“英语翻译基础”是全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试的基础课考试科目,有国家颁布的统一的考试大纲,大纲要求“英语翻译基础”考生具备一定中外文化,以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识,考试内容为术语、缩略语或专有名词的词语翻译(各占15分)和英汉互译的段落或篇章翻译(各占60分)。

如北大2013年“英语翻译基础”便考到“CIA、heresy、fiscal policy、三K 党、戴维营”等词汇翻译,英译汉篇章翻译内容是关于苏联解体后东欧国家的形势和发展趋势。需要注意的是,北大一向注重人文,散文、文言文等其他院校翻译硕士翻译试题中一般很少出现的题材,考生一定不能忽视。

由于“英语翻译基础”有明确的考试大纲要求,其出题形式和分值较为固定,所以对于下面考查该科目的高校不再一一分析说明。

2.中国人民大学

人大外语学院2008年取消了外国语言学及应用语言学专业,并对所设置的各个专业的研究方向进行了细化,英语语言文学分为英美文学、英语语言学英语教学、翻译理论与实践、英语国家文化四个方向,从2008年开始,翻译部分来自考试科目“基础英语”和“翻译理论与实践”。“基础英语”2006年只考汉译英部分,分值为30分,2007年翻译部分增加了英译汉部分,各为20分。“基础英语”涉及的翻译内容多是介绍说明类的文章:英译汉部分如2004年是一篇有关计算机的科技说明文,而2005是介绍一种美容护肤品特点的说明书,2007年介绍的是作家如何遣词造句;汉译英部分如2003年是一小段介绍中国是“一个地域辽阔,有着数千年悠久历史的多民族国家”的短文,2005年是要翻译一家公司的简介,2006年是关于北京航空航天大学外语系发展现状的介绍说明文。2008年“基础英语”则考了一段广告翻译和一段时文翻译,应用性较强。“翻译理论与实践”是2008年才设立的科目,且试题不对外公布,在此不多作分析。2006年考试科目“专业英语”也考过翻译内容。“专业英语”2006年分为Linguistics,Literature和Culture & Translation三部分,其中Linguistics 和Culture & Translation部分包含翻译内容,Linguistics部分考的是一篇英译

汉文章,分值为30分,文章涉及了关于语言学方面一些术语的翻译,翻译内容不是很难;Culture & Translation部分要求把8个英文的新闻标题翻译为汉语,分值为30分,尽管题量不大,但具有一定难度,译文必须地道、得体,还要符合新闻特色。2007年“专业英语”考试科目没有涉及翻译内容。

3.北京师范大学

考试科目“基础英语”、“英语语言文学”都考翻译内容。“基础英语”翻译分值一般为50分,英汉翻译和汉英翻译各占一半。从近几年的考题来看,英译汉部分和汉译英部分难度适当,内容多节选自国内外文学作品,而且体裁多为散文,如英译汉部分,2001年谈现实存在的历史和思维中的历史,2002年考的是“战争的危害”,2003年是“人类与自然平衡的关系”,2005年谈“风格一词”以及汉译英部分2005年谈“直译”的由来,2007年梁实秋的“读画”等,它们可归为议论性散文;英译汉部分2003年的“民族所需要的雄健精神”,2004年“书和人类关系”以及在汉译英部分2004年“我对镜中的自己的感慨”可归为抒情性散文,而汉译英部分2001年“多彩的乐山龙舟”,2002年“我和书籍的分离”以及2007年老舍的“养花”可归为记叙性散文。由此可见,考生要在该院校此科目取得高分就必须重视散文体裁的翻译。考生需要多注意这方面的翻译文章。

在“英语语言文学”科目里,翻译比重为50分,英汉翻译和汉英翻译各占25分,翻译题材多涉及翻译、文化等话题,多为议论性体裁,如2005年英译汉部分考的是“翻译与人类语言的交流”,汉译英部分则是个人总结的翻译心得,2006年英译汉部分谈论的依旧是翻译话题,汉译英部分节选自选自鲁迅的一篇杂文

《而已集·文学与出汗》,2007年汉译英部分来自钱钟书《围城》的序,所以,考生要特别注意这方面的文章的练习。

4.对外经济贸易大学

考试科目“基础英语”、“综合英语”、“专业英语(翻译理论与实践)”、“翻译”、“英语翻译基础”都考过翻译方面的内容。在基础英语科目中,翻译题目类型较多,大概有以下几种类型:篇章的汉译英(2003~2005年)及英译汉(2009年);句子的英译汉(2005年)及汉译英(2006年);句子及习语的英语释义(即paraphrasing)等。“综合英语”是从2007年开始出现的考试科目,2007年和2008年翻译内容为对划线句子的paraphrasing题型,分值为20分,和英汉互译题型,分值为60分,从2009年开始“综合英语”题型变动较大,翻译部分降至35分,为汉译英题型,“综合英语”的翻译部分均为段落翻译,大多为应用性较强的文章,比如关于经济发展、政治时事类的和科技类的,文学体裁的文章偶尔也会涉及。在准备“基础英语”、“综合英语”翻译的时候,考生最好具备一定的经济知识背景。

在“专业英语(翻译理论与实践)”科目中,翻译内容占80分,英译汉和汉译英各为40分,2006年英译汉和汉译英各有两篇文章,一篇较长,一篇较短。英译汉和汉译英两部分均涉及到经济题材的内容,英译汉谈的是签署意向书的问题,汉译英则是放宽产品内销比例的问题,其他两篇文章英译汉讲的是如何吸收书中的养分,汉译英为关于小巷的一篇散文。“翻译”科目的第一部分为词组翻译,多是对翻译术语概念的解释,占20分,其他两部分是英译汉和汉译英。2005年英译汉是2篇文章,共占60分,一篇讲股票,一篇为散文;汉译英共4篇文章,共占70分,一篇为散文,两篇为经济题材,分别涉及WTO的倾销问题和

小公司的活力,另外一篇为文言文。可见,翻译题材涉及较广,而有关经济题材英汉互译方面的复习更是必不可少的。

5.北京外国语大学

北京外国语大学翻译内容来自考试科目“英语基础技能测试”(2011年之前科目名称为“基础英语”)、“英汉互译(同声传译)”、“英汉互译(复语)”、“英汉互译(笔译)”(2011年之前科目名称为“英语翻译理论与实践”)、“英语翻译基础”。从历年试题来看,翻译的内容较杂,有散文、记叙文、科技说明文等。

“英汉互译(同声传译)”、“英汉互译(复语)”科目中翻译分为汉译英和英译汉两部分,每部分各占75分,主要涉及国际时事、政治经济、政府工作报告等方面内容的翻译,考生需要对一些人名、地名、组织机构等专有名词及社会热点方面的词汇有较好的掌握。考试科目“英汉互译(笔译)”包含汉译英和英译汉的篇章翻译和写一篇或两篇关于翻译理论或现象等方面的英语文章。英译汉文章大多选自国外作家的作品,内容涉及散文、评论、文化、科普科研等,体裁不一,文章翻译难度较大。汉译英经常会涉及文言文的翻译,如2006年文章节选自韩愈的《原道》,文中观点鲜明,有破有立,引证今古,从历史发展、社会生活等方面,层层剖析,驳斥佛老之非,论述儒学之是,对于没接触过此文的考生,文章理解起来具有相当的难度,完成一篇高质量的译文就更加不易。

总之,北京外国语大学的试题偏难,需要考生具有非常扎实的双语基本功和对中英两种文化深刻的理解和认识。

6.北京科技大学

翻译部分来自考试科目“基础英语”。翻译内容为段落翻译,分为汉译英和英译汉两部分,各为15分。试题的难度适当,文章的篇幅较短。2007年英译汉文章节选自约翰·穆勒的《论自由》,属于社会科学题材,内容深刻,理解起来具一定难度。

7.首都师范大学

考试科目“基础英语”、“英语综合水平测试”包含翻译内容。“基础英语”中,翻译题型为句子翻译,分为汉译英和英译汉两部分,共40分。“英语综合水平测试”中的翻译分值占40分,翻译内容为段落或句子的翻译,题材多样,散文、文学作品、时事经济类都有涉及,难度一般。

8.北京林业大学

翻译部分来自考试科目“翻译和写作”,翻译内容为篇章的翻译,分为汉译英和英译汉两部分,分值各为50分,难度适中。

9.华北电力大学(北京)

翻译部分来自考试科目“基础英语”和“翻译学”。“基础英语”中,英译汉和汉译英2007年各为15分,文章长度不大,翻译段落的体裁不一,涉及说明介绍、记叙、议论和散文等,难度一般。“翻译学”中翻译内容为篇章的翻译,分为汉译英和英译汉两部分,2005年分值为75分,2006年英译汉和汉译英分值各为50分,难度不大。

10.中国地质大学(北京)

考试科目“综合英语(语言学、翻译)”包含翻译内容,其中英译汉试题为30分,汉译英试题为60分,英译汉为一篇文章,汉译英部分包含两至三篇,文章难度不大,需要注意的是近几年翻译内容都涉及到工作、商务等方面的内容。

11.北京航空航天大学

翻译部分来自考试科目“基础英语”和“英语翻译基础”。“基础英语”翻译内容从2007年开始只考英译汉,为篇章翻译,分值为30分(2001-2003年比重为35分,2004-2006年为60分,各占30分)。从历年考题来看,其选材内容多涉及到人性,关注人的思想、感受、认知等方面,如英译汉部分,2001年谈“人应信任有科学根据的判断,而不要听信传教的片面之词”,2002年说的是“英语国家的人非常悲观地对待快乐”,2006年谈“好的作品应具有深刻的内涵”,2007年则是“男人比女人的智商高”,2008年谈的是人与自然的关系;在汉译英部分中,如2001年文章是从人的运动谈人与资源问题,2002年是发达教育下人性阴暗的一面,2004年说人怎样从失败中学习,2005年说人怎样应付面试。而另外值得注意的是所选文章内容不少是关于美国的,如1991年英译汉谈的是爱因斯坦,汉译英是关于美国的大学教育,2002年英译汉文章说的是美国人具有空间感,比较他们房子和中国传统房子的差别,而汉译英文章谈的是美国人口迁徙的大浪潮,2004年英译汉说的是美国总统布什,2005年和2009年英译汉文章内容也涉及到美国。也许是该校出题的老师对有关“人性”和美国的东西比较感兴趣,考生似乎更应该重视对这方面知识的复习。12.北京交通大学

翻译部分来自考试科目“英语专业综合考试”,翻译分值每年不同(2003年为40分,2004年为45分,2005年为50分,2006年为55分,2007年为60分),既有句子又有篇章的英汉互译,考查范围较广,既有当代的政治术语,又有古代习语,出题较灵活,文章既有散文,也有作家的作品选段,难度适当。13.北京第二外国语学院

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