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翻译常用的八种技巧

翻译常用的八种技巧
翻译常用的八种技巧

翻译常用的八种技巧

1. 重复法(repetition)

2. 增译法(amplification)

3. 减译法(omission)

4. 词类转移法(conversion)

5. 词序调整法(inversion)

6. 分译法(division)

7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation)

8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices)

1. 重复法(repetition)

1.汉语重复,英译时也重复;

2.根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传

达原文的生动性.

3.We have to analyze and solve problems.

4.我们要分析问题,解决问题。

5.Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations.

6.我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。

7.Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace.

8.先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。

9.Nels had it all written out neatly.

10.纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。

11.这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。

What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.

2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。

A large family has its difficulties.

3. 天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。

The sky is blue, blue;

And the steppe wide, wide;

Over grass that the wind has battered low;

Sheep and oxen roam.

4. 寻寻觅觅,冷冷清请,凄凄惨惨戚戚;乍暖还寒时侯,最难将息。

(译文1)

Seek, seek; search, search;

Cold, cold; bare, bare;

Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief.

Now warm, then like the autumn cold again,

How hard to calm the heart!

(译文2)

I seek but seek in vain,

I search and search again;

I feel so sad, so drear,

So lonely, without cheer. (许渊冲译)

5. 青青河边草, 郁郁园中柳。

Green grows the grass upon the bank,

The willow shoots are long and lank.

2. 增译法

为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法.

增词义增加虚词为多,也可酌量增加实词。

英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。

从增补的功能来看,可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。

I am looking forward to the holidays.

我们等待假日的到来。

Much of our morality is customary.

我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.

读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。

Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep;

moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.

读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。

没有调查研究就没有发言权。

1 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation,

no right to speak.)

2. 子曰:“学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。”

Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.”

3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

4. 交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。

Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well.

5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。

The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps.

(One man may steal a horse, while another

may not look over the hedge.)

6. 班门弄斧

Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe

before Lu Ban the master carpenter.

7. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined

equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.

8. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。

So long as green hills remain, there will

never be a shortage of firewood.

3. 减译法

增译法的反面

减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文中是不言而喻的;

减译法是删去一些可有可无的, 或者有了反而累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词, 并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。

省译和增补是相辅相成的两种翻译技巧。省译和分为结构省译和精炼压缩。

所谓结构省译是由于英汉两种语言在句子结构上的差异造成的。在英译汉时经常省略的词有代词、系词、介词、连词、冠词、先行词等。作主语和定语的人称代词以及做定语的物主代词均可省译。

如果把结构省译看作是消极的省译手段,那么精炼压缩则是积极的省译手段,前者明显,后者隐晦。

A book is useful.

书(是)由用(的)。

The earth goes around the sun.

地球绕太阳转。

On Sundays we have no school.

礼拜天我们不上学。

If you write him, the response would be absolute silence and void.

你写信给他,总是石沉大海。

A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue.

聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。

It isn’t rum for a woman to want her old husband back, for respectability, though for a man to want his old wife back –well, perhaps it is funny, rather!

(一个)女人为了体面(的关系)而要(她的从)前(的那个丈)夫回来,这并不(是)奇怪(的事),虽然(一个)男人要(他从)前(的那个)妻(子)回来,也许是很有趣的事。

1.我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。

We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.

2. 郭沫若同志曾说: “中国人历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。”

Comrade Guo Moro once said: “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.”

3. 他们为国家做的事, 比我们所做的多得多。

They have done much more for the state than we have.

4. 词类转换法

?英译汉时词类转换的核心是根据需要将具有动作性的名词转换为汉语的动词,或者

将可表示概念的动词转换为汉语名词。

?汉译英时则反其道而行之。

?For students of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them.

?学习写作的人若能意识到各种文化在修辞模式上的差别,则有助于他们迅速掌握对他们来说是外在的写作模式。

?In those years the Republicans were in.

?那些年是共和党执政。

?The music is a gas.

?这音乐妙极了。

?Saud was a frustrated man at that time.

?沙特那时已受挫折。

?Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them.

?. 他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。

?This experiment is a great success.

?这次实验是极为成功的。

1) 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的, 非下苦功不可。

The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.

2) 一定要少说空话,多做工作。

There must be less empty talk and more hard work.

3. 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。

Xu Beihong’s drawings (paintings) of horses are exceptionally good.

4. 林则徐认为, 要成功地禁止鸦片买卖,就得首先把鸦片焚毁。

Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.

5. 词序调整法

1 发生了这样的事不是你的错。

It’s not your fault that this has happened.

2 她,一个瘦弱多病的女孩子,以她坚强的毅力写出了一部催人奋进的小说。

A thin and weak girl susceptible to diseases, she wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will.

3 一直在一旁观看的小学生们开始鼓起掌来。

The pupils that had been watching started to applaud.

4会议没能取得一致意见就结束了。

The meeting ended in disagreement (without reaching a consensus).

5这所大学现有计算机科学、高能物理、激光、地球物理、遥感技术、遗传工程六个专业。

This university has six faculties, namely, Computer Science, High Energy Physics, Laser, Geo-physics, Remote Sensing and Genetic Engineering

6. 正说反译、反说正译法

反说

英语词句中含有“never”, “no”, “non-”,

“un-”, “im-”, “ir-”, “-less”等成分;汉语词句中含有“不,没,无,未,甭,别,休,莫,非,勿,毋”等成

1我想小李明天不会来了。

I don’t think Xiao Li will com tomorrow.

2 我们的人民解放军无愧于伟大的人民军队的称号。

Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.

3 雷锋的高尚行为是赞扬不尽的。

Lei Feng’s noble deeds are above all praise.

4她光着脚走进房间。

She came into the room with no shoes on.

5 法律面前人人平等。

Law is no respecter of persons

She refrained from laughing.

她忍住了,没有发笑。

She was refused admittance by them.

他们不许她进去。

An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.

良机难再。

All that glitters is not gold.

All is not lost. 并非全失。

But all men are not born to reign. 并非人人生来就都是作帝王的。

All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends.

吹捧你的人并非都是你的忠实朋友。

Both children are not clever.

并非两个孩子都聪明。

Private. 闲人莫入。

Keep upright. 切勿倒置。

Wet paint. 油漆未干。

Urban clearway. 市区通道,不准停车。

Inflammables --- keep away from fire.

易燃物品,请勿近火。

No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced. 凭票退还押金。

These visits will operate only if weather permits. 以上参观项目遇雨停止或改期。

If you forward the transcripts yourself, they can be considered official only if the school envelope has remained sealed.

如果你本人递交证件,只有校方信封保持密封才可以被认为是正视的。(误)

如果证件由申请人本人递交,则本人不得擅自启封,否则证件将视为无效。(正)7. 分译法

分译法主要用于长句的翻译。

以《毛泽东选集》英译本为例,说明汉语长句的分译法。

如果长句以一表示判断或小结的从句结尾,可使用分译法。例如:

这些国家的共产党和进步党派,正促使它们的政府和我们作生意,以至建立外交关系,这是善意的,这就是援助。

The communist Parties and progressive groups in these countries are urging their government to establish trade and even diplomatic relations with us. This is goodwill. This is help.

2. 如果汉语句子较长,其中有语气或话题的转折,为了使英译文明确,可进行分译。例如:

蒋介石说,中国过去没有内战,只有剿匪;不管叫什么吧,总之要发动反人民的内战。

Chiang Kai-shek says there has never been any “civil war”in China, only “bandit suppression”. Whatever he likes to call it, the fact is he wants to start a civil war against the people.

3. 如果汉语长句中含有反问句(或反诘句)或感叹号,英译时通常要分译。

不和中国的人民民主专政的当局好好地打交道,却要干这些混帐工作,而且公开地发表出来,丢脸!丢脸!

Instead of dealing with the authorities of the Chinese people’s democratic dictatorship in the proper way, Acheson and his like are doing filthy work, and what is more, they have openly published it. What a loss of face! What a loss of face!

蒋介石说要建国,今后就是建什么国的斗争,是建立一个无产阶级领导的人民大众的新民主主义国家呢,还是建立一个大地主大资产阶级专政的半殖民地半封建的国家呢?

Chiang Kai-shek talks about “building the country”. From now on the struggle will be to build what sort of country. To build a new-democratic country of the broad masses under the leadership of the proletariat? Or to build a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country under the dictatorship of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie?

4. 如果汉语长句中含有从一般到具体或从具体到一般的过渡,英译时应分译。例如:

这一点现在就必须向党内讲明白,务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄不躁地作风,务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦奋斗地作风。

This must be made clear now in the Party. The comrades must be taught to remain modest, prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work. The comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle.

5. 如果汉语长句中含有几个平行的句子,各讲一方面的内容,英译时最好分译。例如:

我军的现代化,就是要有一支强大的陆军海军空军,要有现代化的武器装备,包括导弹和核武器,要严格训练,要按实战要求苦练过硬的杀敌本领,熟练掌握使用现代化武器装备的新技术,以及随之而来的新战术。

Our army’s modernization calls for powerful ground, air and naval forces and modern arms and equipment, including guided missiles and weapons; it calls for rigorous and hard training to develop the ability to wipe out the enemy as required in actual combat; it calls for mastery of the new techniques involved in handling modern arms and equipment and of the new tactics entailed.

8. 语态变换法

被动变主动---主动变被动

英语比汉语用更多的被动语态;

英语中用被动语态的句子翻译成汉语时,我们可根据汉语的语言习惯吧被动语态转换成主动语态;

汉语中用主动语态的句子也可根据具体情况转换成被动语态。

说话时,已摆了茶果上来。(《红楼梦》,第三回)

Meanwhile refreshments had been served.

当下茶果已撤,贾母命两个老嬷嬷带了黛玉去见两个母舅。(第三回)

Now the refreshments had been cleared away and the Lady Dowager ordered two nurses to take Daiyu to see her two uncles.

林如海已葬入祖坟了,诸事停妥,贾琏方进京的。(16)

Lin Ruhai had been buried in the ancestral graveyard and his obsequies completed, Jia Lian was able to start back for the capital.

至晚饭后,宝玉因吃了两杯酒,眼饧(xing)耳热之际,若往日则有个袭人等大家喜笑有兴,今日却冷冷清清的一人对灯,好没兴趣。(21)

After dinner, flushed by a few cups of wine, Baoyu would normally have amused himself with Xiren and the others; but this evening he sat all alone, disconsolate, by the lamp.

当下众人七言八语。(25)

By now proposals of all kinds were being made.

林如海已葬入祖坟了,诸事停妥,贾琏方进京的。(16)

Lin Ruhai had been buried in the ancestral graveyard and his obsequies completed, Jia Lian was able to start back for the capital.

至晚饭后,宝玉因吃了两杯酒,眼饧(xing)耳热之际,若往日则有个袭人等大家喜笑有兴,今日却冷冷清清的一人对灯,好没兴趣。(21)

After dinner, flushed by a few cups of wine, Baoyu would normally have amused himself with Xiren and the others; but this evening he sat all alone, disconsolate, by the lamp.

当下众人七言八语。(25)

By now proposals of all kinds were being made.

等大家喜笑有兴,今日却冷冷清清的一人对灯,好没兴趣。(21)

After dinner, flushed by a few cups of wine, Baoyu would normally have amused himself with Xiren and the others; but this evening he sat all alone, disconsolate, by the lamp.

当下众人七言八语。(25)

By now proposals of all kinds were being made.

It is believed that…有人相信……

It is well known that…众所周知……

It will be said that…人们会说…… It was told that…人们曾说……

I was told that…我听说……

第三章 常用翻译技巧

第三章常用翻译技巧 了解和掌握一定的翻译技巧有助于提高我们的翻译能力,一般而言,大致有下述8种基本技巧:1) 选词用字(Diction)2) 增词法(Amplification)3) 省略法(Omission)4) 转换法(Conversion)5) 重复法(Repetition)6) 语序调整(Inversion) 7) 正说反译,反说正译(Negation)8) 长句拆译(Division) &分清主从(Subordination)。 3.1 选词用字 简而言之就是“choice of words” (选词用字),就是说,在理解原文时,由于汉、英两种语言在行文用字、表达方式上的差异,对一些词或短语的理解必须结合上下文进行推敲,找出它们的内涵意义(connotation),再在译文中选用恰当的词汇使表达准确而通顺,符合译文习惯。 例1.Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 译1:爱整洁的人经常买贵的、小的单一的东西。× 译2:办事讲究的人买什么都注重少而精,愿买贵的。√ 例2.They want quality, but at a budget price. 译1:他们需要质量,但却要预算价格。× 译2:他们又要货好,又要价格合算。√ 例3.On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. (1)“little grace”和“less give”:“几乎没有优雅”、“更少的给予”?言不达意且文脉不通。 (2) 必须推敲它们在此上下文中的具体意义:既然是政治谈判,所谓“优雅”不就是“讲礼貌、讲客气”、“give”不就是“让步、妥协”之意吗? (3) “less”一词更须注意,它是前面“little”的比较级,说明“give”比“grace”更少。译文如下: 在台湾问题上,双方几乎没有多少客气可讲,更谈不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes… 文中“stay”“tastes”二字极其通俗,而“budgets”却又十分抽象。如何在译文中用符合行业规范的词语表达值得推敲。直译“逗留”“预算”“口味”均不合适,读者无法接受。根据上下文语义,结合目前流行的说法,“下榻”、“档次”、“品味”译得恰到好处。

四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧

四种翻译方法 1.直译和意译 所谓直译,就是在译文语言条件许可时,在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。 每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时,就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容,但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。(张培基) 应当指出,在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下,直译有其可取之处,一方面有助于保存原著的格调,另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。 Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used. Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.(郭著章) 直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下,在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义,求得内容和形式相符的方法。

常用翻译技巧.

1)Diction(选词用字) 2)Amplification(增词法) 3)Omission(省略法) 4)Conversion(转换法) 5)Repetition(重复法) 6)Inversion(语序调整) 7)Negation(正说反译,反说正译) 8)Division (长句拆译) & Subordination(分清主从) 例1. Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 意译:办事讲究的人买什么都讲少而精,愿买贵的。 √ 例2.They want quality, but at a budget price. 意译:他们又要货好,又要价格合算。√ people at budget:精打细算过日子的人 例3.On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. 在台湾问题上,双方几乎没有多少客气可讲,更谈

不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes… 试译:无论乘坐何种交通工具都能迅速抵达郑州,下榻此处会让你倍感舒适,这里的住宿条件能充分满足各种档次和品味的要求……。 例4.New HSR and Maglev would have all-new, state-of-the-art train control system. The Accelerail options were estimate with train control systems providing speed and authority enforcement. 译文:新型高速列车或磁浮列车须装置全新的、造形精美的列车操纵系统,可供选用的列车操纵系统必须能提供速度和(威力)强大的加速力。 例6.一幢乡村小学的教学楼,建了7年还是个半拉子工程。 The construction of the teaching building of a village school, which was started seven years ago, has ended up a

翻译的八大常用技巧

1. 重译法:为了明确、为了强调、为了生动 2. 增译法:为了更忠实于原文的意思,而又更合乎译文的表达习惯 3. 减译法:源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法 4. 词类转移法:语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变,词序有时也随之变化 5. 词序调整法:语言之间构成形式并非完全相同,做必不可少的词序改变 6. 分译法:主要用于长句的翻译,有时存在于词语语义的分译 7. 正反翻译法:由于语言的习惯差异---正话反说,反话正说 8. 语态变换法:主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换 In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediate render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal. 一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭,因而处于战争状态时,缔约国的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。 A large family has its difficulties. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。 Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold. 这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具,当的当了,卖的卖了。 Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.

英汉互译技巧

韩刚B2A“译点通”笔译独家秘笈之:汉译英十大技巧 一、中文结构“三步走”。主要是指涉及政府外宣类题材的句子结构划分技巧。所谓“三步走”,具体是指:中文长句中,第一步给出理念、指导方针或原则,第二步具体阐述在这种方针原则的指导下都做了什么或者要做什么,第三步给出结果或者要实现的目标。在具体行文时,可以按照“每一步”信息的多少进行“逐步”切句或者灵活整合。有了“三步走”原则,长句一点儿都不可怕!这一汉英句式逻辑分析技巧在实操训练中非常实用也极易掌握!详见各循环相关实例分析。 二、“孰轻孰重”要分明。主要是指中英句子结构差异:中文结构“前轻后重”,中文结构事实、背景在前,表态、判断、结论在后,英文恰恰相反,是“前重后轻”。结构差异了然于胸,“表态判断为主,事实背景为从”,在翻译时有了这样一个主从句框架搭建原则,逻辑一目了然,译文自然“行云流水”!详见各循环相关实例分析。 三、结构搭建“三剑客”。主要是指汉译英时结构搭建常用的三个功能词或形式,即as, ing, with。译文结构好不好,它们说了算!可以不夸张地说,谁尽早熟练掌握了这三个功能词或形式,谁就能尽早步入汉英翻译的殿堂!详见各循环相关实例分析。 四、同义重复“并译”行。主要是指中文具有前后呼应、信息重叠的特点,经常使用四字甚至八字表达同一意思,英译时必须压缩合并减译,提取核心意思,力求简洁、流畅,如:骄傲与自豪,千山万水,你中有我、我中有你,等等。中文还有一个典型特点,即“双动词现象”,如:调整和优化,提高和加强,保障和改善民生,加强和完善。以“调整和优化”为例,这两个词在具体上下文中往往属于同义动词,调整的目的就是优化,而优化就是一种调整,直接取同义翻译即可。详见各循环相关实例分析。 五、“千变万化”增张力。主要是指中英翻译要“千变万化”,“同义发散”,选取不同角度对同一内容进行诠释,使用同义词进行替换等等,以此来凸显英文语言的多变性。这与平时大家学习英文写作的要求完全一致,即,同义词替换多多益善!要从写作的高度看翻译!详见各循环相关实例分析。 六、具体、概括“不相容”。主要是指汉英翻译的原则之一“舍宏观概括、取微观具体”。中文里往往会在具体信息后添加概括信息,如:“以人为本”的理念、“先到先得”的韩刚B2A“译点通”: 90天攻克CATTI三级笔译6

8, 翻译常用八种方法(考试复习)

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3.减译法deletion 和其他一切事物一样,翻译也是有增必有减。懂了增译法之后自然也就会懂得什么是减译法。它是增译法的反面:以同一个译例来说,在英译汉中如果用增译法的话,在汉译英中自然就要用减译法了。把第二节中的31个例子倒译的话(即把汉译英改为英译汉或把英译汉变为汉译英),所用的译法就不是增译法而是减译法了。 关于减译法,应该记住这样一条总原则:减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文中是不言而喻的;换言之,减译法是删去一些可有可无的,或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词,但减译并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。 此外,冠词、连词、代词(尤其是人称代词、关系代词)、关系副词,等等,在英语中经常使用,但译成汉语时几乎很少出现,要使译文忠实而地道,减译法就自然必不可少了。例如: A book is useful. 书(是)有用(的)。 4.词类转移法conversion 在翻译时,由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达

常用十大翻译技巧之一:增译法

常用十大翻译技巧之一:增译法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 1、增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: (1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)

catti十大翻译技巧

十大翻译技巧 (一) 同义反译法 1. Only three customers remained in the bar. 酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。(不译:“还留着”或“还呆在那里”) 2. I'll be here for good this time. 这一次我再也不走了。(不译:“永远在此呆下去”) 3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out. 我不在家的时候,别让炉子灭了。(不译:“我外出时,请让炉子继续烧着”) 4. "Wait, he is serious." 等等,他不是说着玩儿的。(不译:”等等,他是认真的。“) 5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!" 听我说,克拉拉,对这孩子可不能心软。(不译:”......对这孩子要坚定“) (二) 删减解释词 The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women. 到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎,一定会注意到她们十之八九都有那种独特的优雅风度、那种温柔的声音和文静的举止。 (三) 短句拆译 " ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..." 在六月里的一天早上,天气晴朗...... (四) 译词推陈出新 When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower. 原译:当他可以大胆行动的时候,他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外,心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。改译:等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候,他却迟疑不定,顾虑重重。至于一般堕入情网的人那种常有的提心吊胆的心理,那就更是难免的了。 (五) 解释性添词 "George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon," said Mrs. Bagnet. ”乔治,我真替你害臊﹗乔治,想不到你会干出这种事情来﹗俗话说得好:滚着的碌碡不长苔,流浪的汉子不攒财。我早知道你就是这么一个流浪汉﹗可真没有想到你连贝格纳特和孩子们靠它过活的那一点点财也骗走“,贝格纳特太太说道。 (六) 词无定译 It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditions. 我们根本不必追问政府是否根据刑法或民法对范德比尔特提出起诉。范德比尔特不

英汉互译技巧

第五次课 I.应该没有考Change of voice 被动语态和主动语态的变化 Four situations when passive voice is used in English: 1.When the agent is not known or is not necessary to know 2.When emphasis is on the action or the object rather than on the agent 3.When the speaker is not willing to reveal the agent 4.When use of passive constructions can help link the sentence with its context 可以翻译成英语被动句的汉语句子包括(反之亦然): 1.有标志的汉语被动句:“受、挨、遭、遭受、被、得到、给、叫、让、由、为……所、加以、予以、等等” 2.无标志的汉语被动句:形式主动,意义被动 3.部分无主句可以翻译成英语被动句 4.一些习惯用语可以翻译成英语被动句或It句型:“有人、人们、大家”作主语;“据说、据报道、据推测、据估计、据信、可以肯定、必须指出、有人主张、众所周知 等等” 他粗心大意,应当受到批评。不用被批评 He should be criticized for his carelessness. 这个问题必须在适当的时候予以处理。不用被处理被动语态在翻译的时候尽量不用被字 The problem must be dealt with at an appropriate time. 代表将由民主协商选举产生。 The representatives will be elected after democratic consultation. 艾滋病病毒只能通过血液或其他体液传播。 The AIDS virus is only transmitted by blood and other body fluids. 血债要用血来还。 Blood debts will have to be paid in blood. 到现在为止还没有得出结论。 So far no conclusion has been arrived at. 为这事已经拨了大笔款项。 A large sum of money has been put aside for that purpose. 可以有把握地说,会议会如期举行。 It may be safely said that the meeting will be held on schedule. 人们发现橡胶是很好的绝缘体。 Rubber is found to be a good insulating material. 据说人在弥留之际都要回顾他的一生,就像看一部电影,一切都历历在目。 It is said a dying person tends to recollect his whole life, like seeing a film. II.不考Positive and Negative ways of expressing an idea Negation in translation: 正说反译/反说正译法。为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思,有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法,或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。

英语翻译的十大方法

英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 一、增译法 指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: ①、What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何(增译主语和谓语) ②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) ③、Indeed, the reverse is true. 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) ④、就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词) ⑤、只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词) ⑥、这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词) ⑦、在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。 In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语) ⑧、三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语) 二、省译法 这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如: ①、You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing. 你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词) ②、I hope you will enjoy your stay here.

英语 常用十大翻译技巧

英语常用十大翻译技巧

常用十大翻译技巧之一:增译法 增译法: 指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: (1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) (3)Indeed, the reverse is true. 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词) (5)只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词) (6)这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)

翻译常用的八种技巧

翻译常用的八种技巧 一、常用的翻译技巧 1. 重复法(repetition) 2. 增译法(amplification) 3. 减译法(omission) 4. 词类转移法(conversion) 5. 词序调整法(inversion) 6. 分译法(division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation) 8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices) 1. 重复法 汉语重复,英译时也重复; 根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达原文的生动性. We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。 Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。 Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。 Nels had it all written out neatly. 纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。 青青河边草, 郁郁园中柳。 Green grows the grass upon the bank, The willow shoots are long and lank. 2. 增译法 为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法. 增词义增加虚词为多,也可酌量增加实词。 英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。 从增补的功能来看,可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。 I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。 Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。

常用十大翻译技巧之五:正译法和反译法

常用十大翻译技巧之五:正译法和反译法 5.正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如: (1)在美国,人人都能买到枪。 In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) (2)你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译) This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译)(3)他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译) (4)他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 He still could not understand me. (正译) Still he failed to understand me. (反译) (5)无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。 She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译) She is anything but a bright student. (反译) (6) Please withhold the document for the time being. 请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译) 请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译) 1 ——文章来源网络,仅供参考

英汉互译技巧4

第二章英汉语言对比 A comparison between English and Chinese 第一部分 Part One If one wants to be a qualified translator, one should, first of all, have a penetrating study and careful comparison of the similarities and differences between these two languages so that one may find the corresponding laws and methods in the translation between them, do translation effectively and ensure the quality of translation. 刘重德《文学翻译十讲》 Procedures of today ?Similarities between English and Chinese ?Differences between English and Chinese (vocabularies and grammars) ?Exercises in class ?Assignments of today 英汉语言的相同之处 similarities ?词类划分: ?汉语: 实词(content word): 名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、量词 虚词(empty word):介词、连词、语气词、助词(结构助词―的‖、―地‖、―得‖,时态助词―着‖、―了‖、―过‖,情态助词―吗‖、―呢‖、―吧‖、―啊‖、―嘛‖、―了‖等)?英语: 实词(content word): 名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词 虚词(function word):介词、连词、冠词、助动词(shall, will, have/has, do/does/did/done, be) ?英语量词,汉语冠词 ?E.g. a chair, the earth, a book, etc. 英汉语言的相同之处 similarities ?词类划分 ?句子要素:都有主语、谓语、宾语(表语)、定语和状语的划分。特别是主语和谓语,从本质上来说都是英、汉两种语言的主要组成框架(S+V+O/P) e.g. I like your new hairstyle. 我喜欢你的新发型。 It is cute. 它很可爱。

常见的八种逻辑关系级翻译技巧

常见的八种逻辑关系 1,并列关系: and, and also, or, neither…nor, either…or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same…as 2,递进关系: then, also, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more 3,因果关系: because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so(such) …that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, in response to, with, for this reason, lead to, too…to 4,转折关系: but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of 5,让步关系: although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of 6,列举关系: first—second—last of all, first—then, to begin with—to continue/next, on one hand—on the other hand, for one thing—for another thing, one—another, some—others—still others 7,举例关系: such as, for example, for instance, of these/those/them, among these/those/them, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely 8,总结关系: in all, in brief, in short, in a word, in conclusion, altogether, to sum up, to summarize, to conclude, to generalize, to put it in one word 翻译技巧 技巧之一:“定语从句”的翻译 总的原则: ”长后短前” (和主句比) 类定语从句:1)、限定性 (没逗号);2)、非限定性 (有逗号). 1)、限定性定语从句:A. 较短 --- 直译为前置定语, 并加”的”; e.g. It is the book which interets me.这是一本我感兴趣(的)书. B. 较长 --- 译为另一个分句, 重复先行词; e.g. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力, 这个理想是每个中国人所珍惜的, 在过去, 许多中国人曾为这个理想牺牲了自己的生命.

最常用的十大英语翻译技巧

最常用的十大翻译技巧 转载自:花开有声转载于:2010-06-22 13:41 | 分类:转载的阅读:(1) 评论:(0) 常用十大翻译技巧之一:增译法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 1、增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使 用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。 如: (1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词) (5)只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词) (6)这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词) (7)在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。

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