英语专八翻译常见错误分析

英语专八翻译常见错误分析

2015-03-13 来源:新东方【大中小】四级保过课程

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英语专八翻译常见错误分析

(1) 因为汉语功底不扎实而造成错误理解的问题。

这种错误主要出现在对一些不能够从字面上推测意义的习语上，例如对“寒暄”、“破天荒”、“干脆”等词语会产生错误的理解。将“寒暄”译成了“coldly talk for a while”，

其次，学生还会出现断句的错误。由于汉语语言的习惯，汉语句子在断句问题上并不严格，因此对句子的停顿很多情况下完全取决于读者的语感。学生对此往往认识并不充分，不敢果断断句，以为原文中的一个长句一定要用英语的一个长句来表达，因而出现跟原文风格不一致的译文，甚至在组织译文语言的时候出现很多语法错误。例如，2000年专八考试中，第一句话是“世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史”。很多同学用which这个关系代词来形成了一个结构很复杂的主从复合句，但是在组织这个句子时出现很多错误，造成修饰关系不明的情况。如果我们果断断句，，就可以避免语法错误。

此外，断句的错误还表现在词组间关系的断定上，比如，“科学知识”和“科学技术”，后者“科学”和“技术”之间是一种并列关系。很多同学把这两个短语分别译成了

“science andknowledge”和“scientific technology”。

(2) 对原文的理解还需要结合一定的背景知识。

例如95年专八考试汉译英试题中提“奥斯汀”这位作家，如果我们不熟悉这位作家，我们就可能连她的姓氏如何拼写也不知道。再比如说，“我的导师是亚裔人”(1998年专八考试)，不能简单地翻译成“My tutor is an Asian”，因为所谓“亚裔”，是指亚洲的血缘，但并没明确国籍，根据上下文，却应该是美国国籍，因此这句话应该翻译为

“My tutor is an Asian American.”，同样的道理，在同一篇文章中出现的“除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生”也应该处理成

“...except one ofGerman origin, the rest five were all of Asian origin”。

1999年专八考试试题中也出现了类似的句子“现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用”也应该根据以上的理由翻译为：

“Of the present 1.8 million residents Vancouver, half are not native, and one inevery four is of Asian origin. The 250,000 Chinese have been playing a decisive role in theeconomic transformation of Vacouver.”

对于政论文章的翻译来说，一定政治意识的缺乏会造成错误的理解和表达。例如，“振兴”、“统一”等，考虑到中国的历史，我们应该将它们分别理解和表达为“revitalization”或

“rejuvenation”和“reunification”。再例如“个体户”、“国营企业”、“三资企业”、“计划生育”等概念，要求翻译时必须准确理解原意，然后在译文中作适当的表达，因而需要同学们熟悉官方的翻译法。从这个意义上说，政论翻译，尤其在译名问题上，涉及到继承传统译名的情况比较多，因此我们应该多读一些国内的外文刊物，如《中国日报》、《北京周报》、《人民日报》(海外英文版)等，增强政治意识，统一翻译口径，这样才能够把汉译英做好。

(新东方)

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