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湖南省长沙市一中2014年高考第一次模拟考试—英语2

高考英语

2014-05-12 1646

People who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things the pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are lo be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation (摹仿). It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on

their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.

Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them. and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them successful. Nor will anyone stir a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, on one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their misconducts. These should change this bad habit and condescend (屈尊，放下架子) to be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.

64. People who are unhappy .

A. always consider things differently from others

B. usually are influenced by the results of certain things

C. can discover the pleasant part of certain things

D. usually have a fault-finding habit

65.What does the phrase "sour the pleasures of society" ( Line 5, Para. 2) most probably mean?

A. "have a good taste to the pleasures of society"

B. "aren't content with the pleasures of society"

C. "feel happy with the pleasures of society"

D. "enjoy the pleasures of society"

66. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. We should pity all such unhappy people.

B. Such unhappy people are not critical about everything.

C. If such unhappy people recognize the bad effects of the habit on themselves they may get rid of it.

D. Such unhappy people are also not content with themselves.

67. The phrase "scarcely that" (Line 4, Para. 3) means .

A. "just like that"

B. "almost not like that"

C. "more than that"

D. "not at all like that"

68. If such unhappy persons don't change their bad behavior, the author's solution to the problem is that people should .

A. avoid contact with them

B. criticize their misconduct

C. help them recognize the bad effects of the habit

D. show no respect and politeness to them

Today, more and more people are using credit cards instead of money to buy the things they need. Almost anyone who has a steady income and a continuous work record can apply for a credit card.

If you have a credit card, you can buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, and even get a haircut by charging the cost to your account. In this way you can pay for purchases a month or two later, without any extra charge. Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months and pay only part of the total amount each month. If you do this, the credit card company or the bank who sponsors (经办) the credit card will add a small service charge to your total bill. This is very convenient for the customer. With the credit card ill your wallet or purse, you don't have to carry much cash. This saves you trips to the bank to cash checks or withdraw cash. Also if you carry credit cards instead of a lot of cash, you don't have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft. The card user only has to worry about paying the final bill. This of course can be a problem if you charge more than you can pay for.

Credit cards are big business. Americans spend $16 billion a year on cards and there are already 590 million of them in

circulation. Many banks sponsor their own credit card companies and issue cards free to their customers. Other credit card companies charge their member annual dues (费用). The stores that accept credit cards must pay a small fee to the credit card company – a percentage of the purchase price of the merchandise or service. In turn, the credit card company promptly (立即) pays the store for the merchandise or service. Credit card companies make a profit from the fees they charge the store and also from the fees collected from customers who pay for their changes in monthly installments. However, credit card companies sometimes have problems collecting overdue payments from unreliable customers. Also the use of stolen, lost, or counterfeit credit cards by criminals has become a big headache for the credit card company that is responsible for the goods and services illegally charged to its customers' account.

69. The main purpose of this passage is .

A. to promote the sale of credit cards

B. to persuade you not to buy credit cards

C. to explain credit card economy

D. to give you some instructions on how to use the credit card

70. Why are more and more people using credit cards?

A. Because they are becoming richer and richer.

B. Because everyone call apply for the credit card.

C. Because it is cheap to buy goods by using a credit card.

D. Because it is convenient for them to buy goods.

71. According to the author, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. With a credit card you can pay for purchases two months later.

B. With a credit card you can charge the cost to your account.

C. With a credit card you don't have to be worried about a thief.

D. With the credit card you don't have to worry about your final bill.

72. In the passage, "Credit cards are big business" means that .

A. credit card banks earn a lot of money

B. credit cards are mid at a high price

C. every customer has bought a credit card

D. customers must pay a lot of money to the credit card companies

第二节简答题（共3小题，满分6分）

阅读下面短文，根据第73至第75小题的具体要求，简要回答问题。

Scientists believe that conditions on Mars around 3.8 billion years ago were very similar to those of the early earth, when primitive organisms were spreading through our oceans. At that time, Mars would have been much warmer and wetter than it is today, with an atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide, just like that of the

earth at the time. Under these conditions, it is highly probable that life may have arisen on Mars as well.

But, even if life did not arise naturally on Mars, it does not mean that it could not have existed there. According to Professor Paul Davies of the University of Adelaide, Australia, life forms could have been transferred between the earth and Mars in wreckage (broke pieces) created by the impact of comet (彗星) and small planets on the surface of the two planets.

Even today, about 500 tons of material from Mars lands on earth every year. It is mainly in the form of the dust but occasionally a larger chunk (厚片, 大块) strikes the earth. In 1911, a piece of Martian rock crashed in Egypt, killing a dog. According to professor Davies, it is in these chunks of rock, which were much larger and more frequent in the past, that life forms could have been transported from planet to planet.

"But how could these life forms have survived their journey through space?" Says Paul Davies, "The difficulty in believing this theory is that a bacterium on its own in space has to struggle itself not only against cold but also against deadly cosmic (宇宙的) radiation. But wrapped in a rock the situation is different. A rock ten meters across would shield life inside it from a lot of radiation and the temperature might only be minus 2014 or 20 degrees, the sort of thing we have on earth."

73. Where do some scientists suppose life probably come from? （回答不超过6个单词）

74. What does Professor Paul Davies believe? （回答不超过6个单词）

75. Why could life survive when transferred from one planet to another? （回答不超过12个单词）

第四部分书面表达（共两节，满分35分）

第一节填空（共2014小题，满分2014分）

阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在文后第76至第85小题的空格里填上适当的单词或短语。注意：每空不超过3 个单词。

It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.

Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only remembering things like

arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅，闻) something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.

Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines.

Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 20140 000 words ready for instant use. An average U. S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 20140,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.

The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person's memory is in temps of words and combinations of words.

Title

76. Matters A Lot in Life

77.

the capacity to keep information available for later use.

78.

● presenting the meaning of many everyday perceptions, 79. , and the root of our habits and skills

● remembering things like arithmetic or 80. ;

● involving any change in 81.

Forms

Existing not only in human beings and animals but in some physical objects and machines 82. .

Differences

● a large computer able to 83. 20140,000 words for instant use;

● 84. not only able to recognize the meaning of about 20140,000 words of English but able to recognize faces and places 85. .

第二节写作（满分25）

假如你叫李华，你有一个朋友张明打算出国去学习，来信征求你的意见。请你就海外学习的利弊进行分析（就利弊至少各提出两点），并谈谈你的看法。

注意：

1.词数：120左右。

2.参考词汇：海外学习 overseas study

3.文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Zhang Ming,

Congratulations on your being admitted for further study in America.

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