高考英语二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测解题指导

2020届二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测解题指导

命题方式的特点

词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧，词义猜测题也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。

考试中经常考查的词汇有以下几种：

(1)在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词。

(2)专业化程度较高的词。

(3)生僻词。

(4)常用代词。

命题方式的考法

1.猜测单词或短语意义------巧用线索猜词义。

（1）“定义同位”猜词义，主要包括定义释词和同位/举例

（2）“逻辑关系”猜词义

（3）根据构词法猜词义

2.考查代词的指代意义---------“就近原则”猜词义

3.句意猜测类-------“意义吻合”定句意

常见设问形式

(1)The underlined phrase “___” in the second paragraph could be replaced by ______.

(2)The underlined word “________” in the firs t paragraph probably means________.

(3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the second paragraph?

(4)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “________”？

(5)What does the underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 refer t o?

(6)What do you think the expression “________” stands for?

(7)Which of the following words can best take the place of the underlined word “______” in Paragraph 3?

(8)According to the passage, the underlined word “________” is known as ________.

选项特点

(1)正确选项的特点

①相应词语的同义词语。

②对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。

(2)干扰项的特点

①对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。

②故意丢三落四。

③包含该词或短语的基本意思，而非在文章中的含义。

④望文生义项，即从原文表面理解该项为正确答案，但深层含义未在其中。

⑤半对半错。

⑥曲解原意。

猜测词义题的解题方法

(1)利用指代关系来猜测代词词义

代词词义的猜测即找出人称代词、指示代词或关系代词所指代的内容。对于代词所指代的内容的判断，首先我们要连读前后段落，了解前后两段文章的内容，然后判断所画线代词的类型。接下来仔细阅读前句，一般来说代词的词义推测主要是看前面句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。

(2)利用定义语来猜测词义

在许多情况下，作者预计到某个词一般读者不熟悉，则会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。通过阅读定义和解释部分，读者便可理解该词的基本含义。线索词有that，which，is等。

(3)利用定语或同位语来猜测词义

通常引出该词同位语的词语有or，that is，in other words等，还有的同位语以括号或破折号的形式出现。在这些标记词后考生可较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。

(4)利用文章中的举例来猜测词义

在阅读理解中考生可以根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，猜出该生词的意思。(5)利用对比或比较的词语来猜测词义

当作者强调的事物之间有区别或对立时往往会运用对比的手法，即会用到对比的词语，例如反义词，也可以暗示出生词的含义。注意这些词语和内容则能帮助判断所需内容。能体现对比关系的词汇很多，主要有but，yet，however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast with等。标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。

(6)利用构词法知识来猜测词义

分析复合词：如果一个生词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的复合词，可以从该词各个部分的特定意思及联系上猜出该词的意思。学生同时要了解构词法知识，掌握大纲所要求的对前后缀的理解。

(7)利用上下文语境来猜测词义

通过对对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词进行推断来猜测词义。

(8)利用因果关系来猜测词义

因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把

词或句子置于因果关系中。常见的表示因果关系的词汇有：since，as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so that, so...that, such...that等。

考法综述此类题旨在考查考生在特定语境中理解词(短语、句子)的能力以及通过上下文或构词法猜测超纲词汇或表达方式的意义的能力。因此，考生所掌握的词汇量的大小直接影响到这类题的得分率。

命题法1词汇意义猜测题

典例1

Situation Ⅳ

Q：If I remember my friend's birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened?

A：This is the reason why the word belated was invented. “Happy belated birthday！” is short for：“Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday.”

The underlined word “belated” in Situation Ⅳ probably means ________.

A．predicted B．returned C．cancelled D．delayed

【解题法】词汇意义猜测题的解题思路

(1)结合上下文，读懂语境。

(2)根据逻辑关系、构词法、定语从句、同位语等来猜测画线词的意义。

(3)把答案代入原文，验证上下文语句是否合乎逻辑。

命题法2代词指代猜测题

典例2There are many places to go on safari (观赏野生动物) in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys.

Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.

What does the underlined word “They”refer to?

A．Flooded waters. B．Wildlife journeys.

C．Safari camps. D．Unique rides.

【答案解析】推理判断题。根据本段的several safari camps...和第二句的the camps...可知，这里的they指的就是the camps。故选C。

【解题法】代词指代猜测题的解题思路

(1)要知道代词one, it, that, they, them等用来指代上文中提到的事物，所以要从上文找。

(2)有时代词与指代对象相隔较远，要认真查找。

(3)有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。

命题法3短语或语句意义

典例3In the mid-1950s, I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing _any_more_than_ necessary_was_ wasted_effort. One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment.

In Mrs Totten's eighth-grade math class at Central Avenue School in Anderson, Indiana, we were learning to add and subtract decimals (小数)．

Our teacher typically assigned daily homework, which would be recited in class the following day. On most days, our grades were based on our oral answers to homework questions.

Mrs Totten usually walked up and down the rows of desks requesting answers from student after student in the order the questions had appeared on our homework sheets.She would start either at the front or the back of the classroom and work toward the other end.

Since I was seated near the middle of about 35 students, it was easy to figure out which questions I might have to answer. This particular time, I had completed my usual two or three problems according to my calculations.

What I failed to expect was that several students were absent, which threw off my estimate. As Mrs Totten made her way from the beginning of the class, I desperately tried to determine which math problem I would get. I tried to work it out before she got to me, but I had brain freeze and couldn't function.

When Mrs Totten reached my desk, she asked what answer I'd got for problem No.14. “I...I didn't get anything，” I answered, and my face felt warm.

“Correct，” she said.

It turned out that the correct answer was zero.

What did I learn that day? First, always do all your homework. Second, in real life it isn't always what you say but how you say it that matters. Third, I would never make it as a mathematician.

If I could choose one school day that taught me the most, it would be that one.

What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate?

A．It is wise to value one's time.

B．It is important to make an effort.

C．It is right to stick to one's belief.

D．It is enough to do the necessary.

【解题法】短语或语句意义猜测题的解题思路

(1)该类题主要通过上下文语境的定义、同位语、总结性话语来做出猜测。

(2)有时也需要借助转折词或因果关系的词来对比猜测。

(3)有时也需要借助举例来猜测。

专项训练

A

Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?

UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”．Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.

Simard talks about “mother trees”，usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.

“We didn't take any notice of it，” Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them a chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.

1. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Old Trees Communicate Like Humans

B. Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection

C. Trees Are More Complex Than You Think

D. Trees Contribute To Our Society

2. In Simard's opinion, trees ________.

A. depend on each other

B. protect their own wealth

C. compete for survival

D. provide support for dying trees

3. We can learn from the passage that ________.

A. “mother trees” are usually of no use to other trees

B. Charles Darwin had the same thought as Simard

C. people know much about the complex “tree societies”

D. if “mother trees” are cut down, the survival for the entire forest will be affected

4. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to ________.

A. how trees grow old

B. how “tree societies” work

C. how forestry industry develops

D. how young trees survive

【答案解析】

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树和树之间不是你死我活的竞争关系，而是相互依赖的互助关系。快要死的树会将自己的营养传给小树让它们更好地成长。如果人们知道这些现象，就可以更好地保护这些树。

1．C标题概括题。

【关键句】①Would it surprise you to learn that，like animals，trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation？(第一段)

译文：了解到跟动物一样，树和树之间也会互相交流，并把它们的财富传递给下一代，这会使你感到惊奇吗？

②UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.(第二段第一句)

译文：UBC教授Simard解释了树是如何比我们大多数人想象的要复杂得多的。

【解题思路】根据关键句可推断出，砍掉“母亲树”会影响整片森林的生存状况。故答案选D。4．B指代判断题。

【解题思路】画线词出现在第五段段首，所以应该到上一段段末寻找it所指代的内容。上段最后一句指出，砍掉“母亲树”会影响整片森林的生存状况，由此可推断出，it指的是“树

的社会”是如何运转的。故答案选B。

B

Whether it's joining a school club, going to a friend's birthday party, or travelling by train, we can meet new people anywhere and anytime in our lives. However, many of us feel awkward when meeting people for the first time, especially when we aren't quite sure what to say. The situation feels cold, even icy.

“Breaking the ice” is a term widely used in the English-speaking countries to describe a small talk technique that can help rescue a conversation from certain failure.

So where do you even begin? Well, a good start is to accept that it is perfectly normal to feel a little nervous when talking to someone for the first time. They might look grumpy or scary, but they could turn out to be the nicest person you've ever met.

You might think that breaking the ice is difficult. But sometimes just a simple “hello”，followed by a three-second smile, can make all the difference.

Complimenting someone on their garment or accessories (饰品) is also a great, easy way to break the ice. You might say, “I love your jacket. Where did you buy it from？”

Being in an uncomfortable or unpleasant situation with someone new might feel terrible, but it can actually be one of the best icebreakers. By focusing on the situation, you come together to fight the common enemy: The long bathroom queue, for example, or the overcrowded bus.

You can make observations too. “What kind of drink is that？”“That's a lovely name. What does it mean？”“Do you study here too？” There are opportunities all around you to ask questions that don't seem weird, as long as you have some follow-up questions in mind.

If you're feeling extra bold, make a joke. Jokes can be difficult to master but if you get them right, they show the likeable, witty side of your character. “What's your name？”“Well, people usually call me Mike, but you can call me tonight.”

5. Which is the best title for the passage?

A. How to develop friendship with a stranger

B. Advice on breaking the ice when we communicate with a stranger

C. How to become a successful public speaker

D. How to start a conversation with a person

6. The underlined word “grumpy” can be replaced by “________”．

A. easily annoyed

B. gentle

C. low-spirited

D. cheerful

7. What can we learn from the passage?

A．“Breaking the ice” is a small talk technique widely used in our daily communication all over the world.

B. As long as you can smile at others, you will make some friends.

C. Realizing that it's normal to feel nervous in front of a stranger is a good start to break the ice.

D. Being in an uncomfortable situation with some strangers can be the best icebreakers.

8. According to the passage, making a joke ________.

A. can be done with ease

B. leads to many new friends

C. can show your wisdom and lovely character

D. makes you enjoy your life happily

【答案解析】

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些与陌生人交流时打破僵局的建议。

5．B标题概括题。

【解题思路】通读全文可知，本文介绍了一些与陌生人交流时如何打破僵局的建议。故选B。6．A词义猜测题。

C

The moment a college student arrives on campus, he or she is_bombarded_with credit card offers. Advertisements for student credit cards are everywhere: in bags at the bookstore, in the campus newspaper, in your regular mailbox, in the residence halls.

With so many college students graduating with large amounts of credit card debt (figures vary, but most are at least in the thousands), learning how to manage a student credit card can be an important lesson for any student. While using a card wisely can be an important part of building credit and making it through a difficult time, knowing how to use a card wisely can be the hard part.

Stick to the following rules when, and if, you need to use a credit card：

?You can repay the charges within the card's next billing cycle.

?You must meet your basic needs, like food, clothing and s helter, but set rules and be aware that you will need to repay those charges at the end of the month.

?You can talk to the financial aid office in your school for an alternative in “emergency” situations.

If you do want a credit card, just be smart about it.(They let you into that school because of your brain, right？) Don't automatically get the first one you find. Shop around for a card that has the lowest interest rate possible, and consider places that may not be advertising on campus. Additionally, be aware of any card's repayment options: When will payments be due? How much will they be? A credit card is not like a loan that comes with a grace period(宽限期) after you graduate and waits until you are done with school. That new sweater and nice dinner out will need to be paid back right away.

9. What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 mean?

A. Be confused by.

B. Be terribly hurt by.

C. Be attracted by.

D. Be surrounded by.

10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. A college freshman should be careful when choosing a credit card.

B. Students should take a lesson about how to use a credit card wisely.

C. A credit card will be the only help for students in emergency situations.

D. The author doesn't appreciate the idea of having a credit card on campus.

11. What's the best title for this passage?

A. Economic Tips for College Students

B. Dos and Don'ts in Using Student Credit Cards

C. Mistakes about Student Credit Cards Use in College

D. Student Credit Cards—What You Need to Know

12. If this is a passage of a college newspaper, in which column can we read it?

A. Entertainment.

B. Advertisement.

C. Economy.

D. Education.

【答案解析】

阅读理解之词义猜测题 词义猜测题常见设题方式：： 1. The word "…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by __________ 2. The word "…” is most likely to mea n _________ . 3. What do you thi nk the expressi on "…” sta nds for? 4. The un derl ined word "…” means. _____ ..... 解题方法 1. Definition 定义法 2. Con trast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Con text上下文 8. Com mon Se nse 普通常识 1. Defin iti on 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。______ a. It will be very hard but very brittle —that is , it will break easily.（） b. The herdsma n , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yua n a year._（） 2. Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比______ 的词有but、while、however、otherwise 等。 a. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.（） b. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly 3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。 Clea ning up waterways is an eno rmous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the gover nment may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have bee n polluted.（） 4. Cause Effect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 One who is destitute has a great n eed for food and cloth ing. b. That museum is so imme nse that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. （） 5. Example 例举法：禾U用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instanee, for example, such as 等。 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instanee, washing mach in es, refrigerators and color televisi ons.（） 6. Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。 词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可 以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super-（超）mini-（极小的，微小的） micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非） non-（不，非）-able （能…的）-less （不，无）-wards （向） Can you guess the right meanin gs? superma n microwave nonn atural mispr onounce homeless non smoker rebuild eastwards Eg. I ' m goitogbuy a microbus.（

龙源期刊网 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e117843752.html, 词义猜测题的解题技巧 作者：杨富章 来源：《高中生学习·高三文综版》2015年第04期 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见题型。通过对近几年湖北卷高考题的阅读理解题的统计，我们会发现2014年词义猜测题在阅读理解部分有1题，2013年考了1道，而2012年湖北卷考了4道。虽然近两年直接考查这种能力的题目不多，但是这种不借助词典，而是通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是同学们在考试时必须具备的，它能让我们更好地理解上下文，其实这也是阅读理解题对这种能力的间接考查。 词义猜测题的常见考点有： 1. 直接猜测某个词的含义； 2. 判断文中的某个代词指代的对象； 3. 对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义； 4. 对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接或解释性的描述。 常见设问形式有： 1.The word “ABC”in the passage probably means . 2.The underlined word “ABC” in the passage ref ers to/means . 3.Which of the following is closest/nearest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means . 5.The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to . 词义猜测题的解题技巧我们可以归纳为8条： 1.根据近义词关系推测。 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以使它的意思更清楚。我们可以通过寻找近义词来推测生词的意思：一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二要看在进 一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。如：

高考英语阅读理解——出题与解题方法（杨老师） 应用文（抓题干）广告、通知记叙文（划时、人、事）说明文（找主题句）特点：分值重，知识广，篇幅大，用时多。题型上主要有细节题、推理题、主旨题、猜词题等。 开卷准备：九字真诀不要怕，划一划（划主题，难句，划核心词），X一X（答题时） 一、细节理解题（标记定位法） 一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题(细1)，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题(细2)，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案切不可望文生义。特别注意句子的逻辑关系。如：表因果的because, since, as等；表转折的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。 二、推理判断题（用细节推） 考查考生根据已知信息做出合理的推断或判断，包括要求考生体会作者的态度、观点、意图等。常用提问方式有：We can infer/learn from the（last） paragraph that. It can be concluded from the passage that. The passage implies/suggests that. What can be concluded from the passage? The author's purpose of writing the passage is.这需要学生读懂原文，完全理解文中的细节信息，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。 三、语义猜测题（构词法、语境法） 要注意从以下三个方面着手： 1）标点符号或同位语部分，and或or猜 2）根据对比、因果关系猜 but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表转折，because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词， 3）根据构词法知识猜测词义：UN- IN- IM-- dis mis 派生，合成，转化，缩略，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出组成的新词词义。 Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. 四、主旨大意题（重点）哪怕没读懂全文，懂了中心句，一样能做对题 （寻找主题句）文章主题与段落主题 一般来说，文章主题都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾，而且常有一些表归纳关系的信号词，如in short, In a word, in brief, to sum up, to conclude等。 其常用提问方式主要有：What is the main idea/topic of the passage? The central point of the selection is that. The author is mainly concerned with. The passages mainly about等。

猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧 题型介绍 高考大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推断生词的词义”。词义猜测题一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。常见提问方式 The underlined word “______”in the passage means ______. What does “_______” in the third paragraph stand for? The word/phrase “________” most near ly means ______. The word/phrase “______” could best be replaced by ______. The word/phrase “______” in Line…, Para …refers to______. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “________”? What’s the meaning of “______” in Line …, Para …? The underlined sentence in the first /second... paragraph probably means that ________. 正确选项的特点 1. 对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂。 2. 对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往是熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。 干扰项的特点 1.字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。 2.无关意思：除了字面意思，出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑就能够排除。 解题思路 1. 返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思。 2. 搜索时应注意同位语、特殊标点、定语从句、（表示上下文之间的逻辑关系）关键提示词及前后缀，特别注意找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测。 特别提示： 1.不管这个词多超纲,根据上下文都能得出其意思。 2.不管这个词多熟悉,都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。 解题技巧 构词法 派生词：通过分析派生词，猜测划线单词的意思。 Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands”. Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse”. He is said to be “undersized” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”. undersized=under (低于) +size (尺寸、大小)，通过构词法可知以-ed结尾的派生词可作形容词(如three-legged 三只脚的)，再结合后面的short legs (短腿)，可猜出undersized意为“身

III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes

高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。 一、题型特点与命题方式 此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 【命题趋势】 1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。 2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。 3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用―逻辑关系梳理法‖、―递向寻踪法‖理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。 【设问形式】 The underlined word ―…‖ in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______. By saying ―…‖ in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. In paragraph …, ―…‖ can be replaced by ―______‖. The meaning of ―…‖ in paragraph… is related to ______. Which of the follow ing has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)? The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____. 二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。 1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如： Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即―退火‖。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是―脆‖的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为―牧羊人‖。 【考例】 （2014福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words ―tipping points‖ most probably refer to ―_______‖. A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points 【解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting

Teaching Plan Teacher: Guo Bin School: Shanghai Beihong Junior High School Students: Grade 8 Date: October 29, 2014 Student analyses The students who will watch the video are from Grade 8, Beihong Junior High School. In reading, the students are quite good at scanning information from the passage but they are relatively poor at guessing the meaning based on the context. Learning aim: After learning the video clip, the students are expected to: use the four common ways to guess the new words correctly in reading comprehension. Learning procedure: 1. Before learning the video clip (1) Think about the biggest problem in reading comprehension. 2. Learning the video clip (2) Learn the four common ways to guess the meaning of new vocabulary with the typical examples. 3. After learning the video clip (3) Summarize the key points of the video. Homework: Finish the reading exercises for more practice.

二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测解题指导 命题方式的特点 词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧，词义猜测题也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。 考试中经常考查的词汇有以下几种： (1)在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词。 (2)专业化程度较高的词。 (3)生僻词。 (4)常用代词。 命题方式的考法 1.猜测单词或短语意义------巧用线索猜词义。 （1）“定义同位”猜词义，主要包括定义释词和同位/举例 （2）“逻辑关系”猜词义 （3）根据构词法猜词义 2.考查代词的指代意义---------“就近原则”猜词义 3.句意猜测类-------“意义吻合”定句意 常见设问形式 (1)The underlined phrase “___” in the second paragraph could be replaced by ______. (2)The underlined word “________” in the first par agraph probably means________. (3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the second paragraph? (4)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “________”？ (5)What does the underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 refer to? (6)What do you think the expression “________” stands for? (7)Which of the following words can best take the place of the underlined word “______” in Paragraph 3? (8)According to the passage, the underlined word “________” is known as ________. 选项特点 (1)正确选项的特点 ①相应词语的同义词语。 ②对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。 (2)干扰项的特点 ①对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。

高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧大全 一、四选一型阅读 高考阅读不同文体按照题型分类主要分为五大类：细节题、推理题、主旨大意题、词义句意猜测题、结构顺序题。 1、细节题解题技巧 细节题，顾名思义，就是指针对文章的某个细节而设置的试题。细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后实行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节（通常是四个）放在一起要求考生判断是非（选出准确的一项或选出错误的一项）或对几个细节实行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是使用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项实行比较从而确定答案（此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换）。 现在围绕上述的定位理论，引申出几个小的技巧： （1）关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就能够在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。 As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2020，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. （2020年高考英语北京A篇） What happened to the author in 2020？ A. She flew an airplane

阅读理解―词义猜测题 Step 1: Warming-up---guess the meanings of the underlined words. 1. The company?s profits are decreasing year by year due to mismanagement. 2. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. 3. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. 4. It will be very hard but also very brittle —that is, it will break easily. Step2: 词义猜测题基本方法：___________; __________ ●构词法 1. Valentine?s Day is a time of happiness for lovers. Boys like to give girls flowers as presents. That day, he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hands. 2. When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him. 构词法通常考虑_________和_____________ ●语境法常利用以下技巧 利用同义（向）关系：and，also，or（或者）… 3. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. ?Which of the following words can replace “detrimental”? ____ A. helpful B. useful C. harmful D. meaningful 4. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits die hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost. ?What does the underlined phrase “die hard” probably mean? ____

高考英语阅读理解解题方法 在阅读理解题上得分的多少很大程度上决定着高考英语的总成绩。而且,阅读量有逐渐扩大且阅读速度进一步提高的趋势;选题多种多样,涉及到社会经济、政治、文化、日常生活各个领域。 “阅读理解题”旨在全面检测考生从语段中获取有效信息的能力,依据对近些年的各省高考阅读理解题的分析、对比得知,从其设计和内容上看,可以归纳为以下几点:概括整个语段主旨大意以及事实和细节;能准确理解句子字面和深层含义;能准确理解具体的事实和抽象的概念。题型上主要有主旨大意题、词义猜测题、事实细节题、推理判断题等。 1.主旨大意题 任何一篇文章都有自己的中心思想,所以,文章通常是围绕该中心思想展开的。要领悟文章的中心思想,就要具备归纳和概括方面的能力,而这种能力又常是要考查的重点。很多文章在全文或各段的开头便展示出文章的中心思想,它主要通过主题句(Topic Sentence来体现。一般来说,文章的主题或中心都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾,而且常有一些表归纳关系的信号词,如in short, In a word, in brief, to sum up, to conclude等。其常用提问方式主要有:What is the main idea/topic of the passage? The central point of the se-lection is that. The author is mainly concerned with. The passages mainly about等。 2.语义猜测题 该题型主要测试考生利用上下文判断单词、词组或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力。常见的提问方式有:The word“…”in the context means. The word“…”could be best replaced by… Which of the following is nearest meaning to? The word“…”probably refers to.这不仅需要学生准确理解上下文,还要掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。并通过构词、语法等线索确定词义。 3.细节理解题 该题型主要测试学生对文章(或某一段落中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的辨认能力,分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。直接辨认细节型一般只要求学生能从阅读材料中直接获取、记住信息,然后能快速地将他们回忆出来;而间接辨认型不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息,还要将获得的信息进行各种转换,为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义。如排序、图文转换、数字转换、同义(反义转换等。常见的提问方式有:Which of the following is NOT included(mentionedin the passage? Which of the following sentences is NOT true? 4.推理判断题 这种题型主要考查考生根据已知信息做出合理的推断或判断的逻辑思维能力,包括要求考生体会作者的态度、观点、意图等。常用提问方式有:We can infer/learn from the(last paragraph that. It can be concluded from the passage that. The pas-sage

阅读理解之词义猜测题 一，词义猜测类题目常见提问方式 1，The underlined word “__”in the passage means ____ . 2，What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for ? 3，3.The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____. 4，4The word/phrase “___” could best be replaced by ____. 5，The word/phrase “__” in Line…,Para …refers to__. 6，Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”? 7，What’s the meaning of “____” in Line …,Para …? 8，The author uses the word “____” to indicate（暗示）____? 二，技巧 技巧 1. 利用上下文，通过_________结构或________结构中的_____词、______词推测词义。反义词常见信号词有but 、yet 、while 、however、on the contrary 等。同义词常见信号词：and, or, namely, that is, that is to say,等。 1. Although the hazards of the trip were many --- for example , the unbearable heat , the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animal and poisonous snakes --- Collins nevertheless decided that she must go. A. safties B. destinations C. dangers D. pleasures 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is , it will break easily. A. breakable B. firm C. strong D. separate 技巧2 从句子或文段中找线索、信息词（如__________、________或________ 推测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等。 常用的解释性词提示词有that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be 等， 1. The herdsman , who looks after sheep , earns about 650 yuan a year . A. chief B. sheepherder C. merchant D. buyer 2. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy --- its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease "workaholism" is proving a difficult job , partly because many of them like work better than anything else , experts say. A. killer B. drinker C. jobnik D. secretary 技巧3 根据上下文___________结构(即___________句）及其语境，推断词义。文中常用解释性句子引出生词含义，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。 1.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools ? A. co-operative educational B. separate educational C. boys and girls at the same school's educational D. individual educational 2. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor . Because of this , most people think that craft (手艺) no longer exists. A. large-scaled production B. small-scaled production C. bankrupt D. fortune hunting 技巧4 利用_______，巧解词义。

崇真中学高三二轮阅读理解猜测词义专项训练 A. Deputy agriculture secretary kathleen merrigan sees an epidemic (流行病) sweeping across america’s farmland. it has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop-eating insects. the country’s farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. national agricultural census (普查) figures show that the fastest-growing group of farmers is the part over 65. merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed. Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. aside from trying to stop the graying of america’s farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at no. 1 on a list of “useless”college degrees. top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of agricultural organizations across the country. “there couldn’t be anything that’s more incorrect,”merrigan said. “we know that there aren’t enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in american agriculture.” In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said. “Itruly believe we’re at a golden age of agriculture. global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows,”said matt rush, director of the texas farm bureau. “production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture.” The department of agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. the national young farmers’coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new farmers. Ryan best, president of future farmers of america, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. the 21-year-old best hopes his message—that this is a new time in agriculture—will motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics. “never before have we had the innovations (创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been,”he said. “there’s really a place for everybody to fit in.” 1. what is the new challenge to american agriculture? a. fewer and older farmers. b. higher fuel prices. c. more natural disasters. d. lower agricultural output. 2. why is merrigan visiting universities across the country? a. to draw federal agriculture officials’attention. b. to select qualified agriculture graduates. c. to clarify a recent blog posting. d. to talk more students into farming careers. 3. according to matt rush, american agriculture will provide opportunities for younger people because__________ a. the government will cover production costs b. global food supplies will be even lower c. investment in agriculture will be profitable d. america will increase its food export 4. what do the underlined words “to turn around the statistics”in the last paragraph mean? a. to re-analyze the result of the national census. b. to increase agricultural production. c. to bring down the average age of farmers. d. to invest more in agricultur e.