【2019-2020】201X年1月17日雅思阅读题源文章-范文word版 (1页)

【2019-2020】201X年1月17日雅思阅读题源文章-范文word版

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201X年1月17日雅思阅读题源文章

Laughter and Tickling Laughter is physiologically

spasmodic , rhythmic , vocalized , expiratory , and involuntary . Stearns discusses in some detail the neural pathways of the tickle - laughter reflex arc . Regarding the structure of tickling , Stearns defers to Houssay , who `` contends that [ tickling ] is due to ` simultaneous excitation of both touch and pain receptors ... because tickling cannot be produced after section of the spinothalamic tract ; also , tickling cannot be provoked when the circulation of an

extremity is arrested , which first eliminates the sensation of

touch , and with it the tickling sensation . The pain sensation is eliminated later . In short , tickling involves simultaneous

sensation of touch and of pain . This is perfectly isomorphic to the elements N and V of the present theory of humor .

Pain , after all , is a violation of physical integrity and comfort ; these are principles which we certainly care about quite viscerally . Pain is essentially a sensory representation of a violation of ones bodys natural order . It represents V , a violation of moral principle , reduced to the level of a physiological response to a physical stimulus . Touch sensations , on the other hand , provide an internal representation of the external , touched stimulus for the organism to process . This representation of the stimulus is painless by itself ; it is a representation of a normal contact with

a stimulus , N .

The fact that tickling requires a sensation of pain as well as a `` normal touch sensation , is a remarkable piece of evidence that appears to support the present theory of humor . The physiology of tickling is actually a restatement at the physiological level of the present theory of humor . Indeed , this suggests that physical

tickling and more cerebral and cognitive forms of humor may have the same basic representation in the human nervous system , and that biological implementations of the two may at least be evolutionarily related .