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完整版初中英语语法名词专项复习

完整版初中英语语法名词专项复习
完整版初中英语语法名词专项复习

第一讲名词

知识梳理

专有名词可数名词名词的分类普通名词不可数名词规则变化可数名词的数词不规则变化名词的数名不可数名词的数所有格的构成及用法's所有格的构成及用法of名词所有格双重所有格的构成及用法名词作定语

专有名词考点一

专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。专有名词大致分为以下五类。人名。有时与表示称呼、称号或职位的普通名词连用。1. Dr. Green 格林博士例:Professor Frank 弗兰克教授。布朗夫妇Mr. and Mrs. Brown Mike 迈克1

2. 地名。有些地名常与普通名词连用。有些带定冠词,有些不带定冠词。

例:Asia 亚洲London 伦敦

Tibet西藏the Great Wall长城Room 301 301房间

3. 时间名。

例:May五月

Sunday 星期日

Christmas Day 圣诞节

4. 报刊名。许多报刊名带冠词the。

例:The Times《泰晤士报》

Beijing M Morning Post 《北京晨报》

5. 单位团体名。

例:Class Two, Grade Eight 八年级二班

the United Nations 联合国

[典例] —When will the 2010 word Expo (世博会) come to a close ? —It'll close at the end of_______

A. September

B. October

C. November

D. June

解析:本题考查表示时间的专有名词的认知及生活常识,众所围知,世博会在十月底结束,故B项正确。

2

考点二可数名词的复数变化规则

可数名词按其所表示的事物性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词的复数形式的部分规则如下。1. 规则变化

2. 不规则变化。S加后面。注:某国人变复数巧记:中日不变英法变,其余Germans Frenchmen 例:

①改变元音字母。women woman—;例:man —men Englishmen Englishman—;;tooth—teeth feet foot—②单复数同形。) Japanese(Chinese deersheep例:,,,日本人3

③只有复数形式的名词。

例:trousers ,clothes ,glasses (眼镜) people、chopsticks

④其它形式。

例:mouse—mice ;child—children ;ox—oxen

3合成名词变复数。

①一般只将主体名词变为复数。

注:此类合成名词变复数易出错,需谨慎。

例:girl friend—girl friends ;apple tree—apple trees

②合成名词前面的名词是man和woman时,两部分都要变复数。例:woman doctor—women doctors

man teacher—men teachers

[典例1] How many do we need to make fruit salad ?

A. bananas

B. tomato

C. orange

D. potatoes

解析:how man修饰可数名词复数,排除B。C两项;题干中说做水果沙拉”,故A项正确。

注:做题时应审清题意,否则会误选。

[典例2] There are thirty ____ in No. 4 Middle school.

A. woman teachers

B. women teacher

C. women teachers

解析:复合名词前面的名词是man和woman时,变复数时两个部分都要变复数,故C项正确。

4

考点三不可数名词的数量表达

一、不可数名词的定义

不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计算的名词。不可数名词常指物质名词和抽象名词。不可数名词—般没有复数形式。

1. 表示物质的名词

液体、气体、原料和食品等物质或材料的名词是不可数名词。

例:water, milk, air, wood, rice ,bread, beef, Sugar

2. 表示抽象概念的名词表示性质学科、状态。情感等抽象事物的名词是不可数名词。

例:kindness ,honesty, peace , housework,homework, work, English, knowledge , advice, weather, progress , paper

二、不可数名词的数量

不可数名词的数量用量词piece、bag、cup、glass、drop等表示。其结构为:

数词/冠词+量词(S) + of十不可数名词

量词可以有单复数的变化。

例:a piece of paper一张纸; a cup o of tea一杯茶

six drops of water 六滴水;five bags of rice五袋大米

[典例1]Could you please give me ______ on how to learn maths? A. an advice B. many advices C. some advice

5

解析advice 是不可数名词,没有复数形式,也不能被冠词或many 修饰。

故C项正确。

注:advise为动词形式

[典例2]I want sweet milk. Put some ________ in my cup, please.

A. ice

B. soup

C. salt

D. sugar

解析:根据句意“我想要甜牛奶”,可知D项符合题意。

[注意] 英语中根据表示的意义不同,有些名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。

例:room 房间(可数) ;空间(不可数)

fish—鱼(可数) ;鱼肉(不可数)

time—次数(可数) ;时间(不可数)

glass—玻璃杯(可数) ;玻璃(不可数)

food—各种食物(可数) ;食物总称(不可数)

exercise—练习(可数) ;锻炼(不可数)

experience—经历(可数) ;经验(不可数)

考点四名词所有格

一、名词所有格的构成

1. 用's表示的名词所有格。(只用于有生命的名词)

①单数名词词尾或不以s结尾的复数名词词尾加's。

例:Mike's sister迈克的姐姐;Children's Day 儿童节

6

②以s结尾的复数名词,只在s右上方加'

例:Teachers' Day教师节;the students'books 学生们的书。

③表示两人共有,则只在最后—个名词词尾加';若表示各自分别拥有,则两个名词词尾都要加's

例:

Tom and Jack's room 汤姆和杰克共有的房间

Tom's and Jack's rooms 汤姆和杰克各自的房间

2. of表示的所有格。(主要用于无生命的名词)

结构为:名词+ of+名词

例:a map of China 一张中国地图;

a pictue of my family 一张我家人的照片

3. 双重所有格

双重所有格由“of+名词所有格”或“of +名词性物主代词”构成。例:a car of.my uncle's 我叔叔的一辆小汽车;

a friend of mine 我的一位朋友。

二、名词所有格的用法

1. ‘s所有格表示“……的”。使用'所有格的名词通常是表示人或动物的名词。但某些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的名词也使用's所有格。

例:an hour's walk步行1小时的路程

China's first gold medal 中国的第一块金牌

today's news paper 今天的报纸

7

2. ‘s所有格可表示店铺、家、医院等处所。

例:at Li Minq's在李明家;at the doctor's 在诊所

这种情况下所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。

3. 双重所有格和of表示的所有格的区别

a friend of my brother's 强调我弟弟朋友中的一位

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学习必备欢迎下载 初中英语语法专项练习题之名词 一. ( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake ( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( ) 3 _____are ____for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used B. C. Knife/using D. Knives/using ( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave ( ) 6 -Can we have some ___?-Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C. apple D. pear ( ) 7 On the table there are five____. A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato 二. ( ) 1 They got much ___ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us____ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C .an advice D. a advice ( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad. A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news ( ) 4 What___ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a 三 ( ) 1 -Would you like___tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two____. A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges ( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat. A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads ( ) 3 It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse. A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time ( ) 4 I would like to have___. A. two glasses of milk D. two glass of milks B. two glass of milk C. two glasses of milks ( ) 5 Can you give me ____? A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 6 Please give me ___ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ( ) 7 John bought ___for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes 4 ( ) 1 -How many ___have you got on your farm? -I've got five. A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken ( ) 2 Some __came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ( ) 3 In the picture there are many__and two. A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps ; foxes B. sheeps ; fox D. sheep; foxs ( ) 4 A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. Japanese D. American 五 ( ) 1 This table is made of___. A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass ( ) 2 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -I'd like____. ! A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken ( )3 Children should make ____for old people in a bus. A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room 六 ( ) 1 Tables are made of___. A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods ( ) 2 I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films. A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples ( ) 3I have read____ of the young writer. A. works B. work C. this works D. the works 七 ( ) 1 Let's meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of___? A. the People's Park B. the Peoples' Park C .the People Park D. People's Park

(完整版)人教版初中英语语法完整总结

1 . (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen 从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 to 、look at ( 感官动词)+(sb. )+do sth. eg : I am/ feel confident of myspoken English. eg:I like watching monkeys jump. I feel that I can pass the test . 2 . (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样18. be + doing 表:1现在进行时2将来时 eg:the more the more 越来越多19 . be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够?? 3. a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)eg : She is able to sing .= She can sing. 4 . agree with sb赞成某人20. be able to do sth. 能够干什么 5 . all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样e g :she is able to sing . 6 . all over the world = the whole world 整个21. be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕??世界eg : I'm afraed to go out at night . 7. along with 同??一道,伴随??I'm afraid of dog. eg : I will go along with you. 我将和你一起去22. be allowed to do 被允许做什么 The students planted trees along with their eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允许看电视teachers. 学生同老师们一起种树I should be allowed to watch TV. 我应该被允 8. as soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 许看电视 9 . as you can see 你是知道的(正如你所见)23. be angry with sb 生某人的气 10 . ask for ??求助向?要?(直接接想要的东e g : Don't be angry with me. 西)24. be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 12. ask sb to do sth询问某人某事 为什么而生某人的气 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事25. be as ?原级?as 和什么一样 13 . at the age of 在??岁时eg : She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高 eg :I amsixteen. = I am at the age of sixteen . 26. be ashamed to 14. at the beginning of ????的起初;??27. be away from远离 的开始28. be away from 从??离开 15. at the end of + 地点/+时间最后;尽头;末29. be bad for对什么有害 尾eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eg : At the end of the day eyes. 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 16. at this time of year 在每年的这个时候30. be born 出生于 17. be /feel confident of sth /that clause + 31. be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事

初中英语语法名词专项习题

初中英语语法专项习题--名词 ( ) 1 She was very happy. She—— in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake ( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using ( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave ( ) 6 -Can we have some ___? -Yes, please.

A. banana B. oranges D. pear ( ) 7 On the table there are five____. A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato 2 ( ) 1 They got much ___ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us____ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice ( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad. A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news ( ) 4 What___ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a 3 ( ) 1 -Would you like___tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two____.

初中英语语法专项名词

初中英语语法专项名词(讲义) 一、名词(n.)表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词 (一)名词的分类 名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数。可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体。如:boy,desk,cat,window)和集体名词(由若干个体组成的集合体。如:family,class,police)。不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物。如:water,paper,silk,money)和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如:work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework)专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如:Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States)(二)名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种: (1)一般情况下,在词尾加s. ,dog--dogs,pen--pens,boy--boys (2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es. ,brush-brushes,bus-buses,box-boxes(es读音为〔iz〕 (3)以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加e , family--families, (注:以"元音字母+y"结尾的词,直接在词尾加) (4)以元音字母o结尾的名词,变复数时情况如下: ①加,potato-potatoes ②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,,radio--radios ③某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg. piano-pianos ④一些名词的缩写形式变复数时,词尾加s, (photograph)--photos,kilo (kilogram)kilos ⑤zero变复数时,既可加s,也可加/zeroes (5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加es. ,leaf-leaves,half--halves, knife-knives,thief--thieves(res读音为[vz]妻子骑牛拿起刀, wife--wives; calf---calves; knife----knives; 追得贼狼满街跑, thief---thieves; wolf----wolves 碰倒架子丧己命, shelf---shelves; self---selves; life----lives 手帕树叶半空飘. leaf----leaves half----halves (6)有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字母。,woman--women,policeman--policemen, Englishman--Englishmen,Frenchman--Frenchmen, foot--feet, tooth--teeth, child--children,mouse-mice,Ox-Oxen(公牛) (7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。 ,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish works (8)另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes 另外,①当一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数。 apple tree,five apple trees, a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister 但是,当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式。 men teachers,three women doctors ②可用"量词+of+名词复数"这一结构表示可数名词的数量。 room Of students,two boxes Of pencils

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初中英语语法:情态动词讲解及练习情态动词讲解及练习(Modal Verbs) * 情态动词也可称为“情态助动词(Modal Auxiliaries)”,因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。* 情态动词和其他动词连用,可表示说话人的语气。* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。* 常用的情态动词有:can, could, may, might, shall, should,will, would,must,这九大情态动词;其他的还有ought to, need, dare等。 一、九大情态动词的时态关系: 1. 现在式 can -- 过去式 could 2. 现在式 may -- 过去式 might 3. 现在式 shall -- 过去式 should 4. 现在式 will -- 过去式 would 5. 现在式 must -- 过去式 must (常用had to来代替) 二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测” (1)can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”: 1. He can't be at home. 他不可能在家。(否定句) 2. Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句) 3. Anybody can make mistake. 任何人都可能犯错误。(只表示理论上的可能性) (2)may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”: 1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生)明天可能会下雨。 2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测)今天下午可能会下雪。 3. You might be right. (表示有可能)你可能是对的。 (3)will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”: 1. I think he will be all right now. 我想他现在一定好了。(will be 表示一定会) 2. That would be his mother. 那肯定是他母亲。(would be 表示肯定是) 3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.

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初中英语语法大全:名词 一名词的定义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类: 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如: work。 … 注意专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 (三)名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式: 1.单数 英语中,如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时,要用名词的单数形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。

[ There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子an new orange (×)→a new orange (○) 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk (×)→an old desk (○)一张旧课桌 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前,如a book,a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前,如an egg,an apple。 注意 ! 有时a,an后面紧接的不是单数名词,而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时,要看形容词开头字母的发音,而不 是看名词。 2.复数 英语中,如果要表示两本书、三个学生、四把椅子这些两个或两个以上的概念时,要用名词的复数形式,名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。 变复数时情况如下: (1)一般情况下,在词尾加s. eg.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys 以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s],以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。 (2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.

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