商务英语 汉译英
商务英语汉译英
（一）根据英语的表达习惯确定词义
1、向.......提出索赔lodge a claim against
2、既得利益vested interests
3、公司上下将齐心协力，努力使公司发展成具有国际竞争力的高科技企业集团。
The management together with the rank and file of our company is determined to make consorted efforts to foster the business to grow into a high-tech focused conglomerate with a competitive edge on the international market.
4、本公司本着平等互利、互通有无的原则，积极开展与世界各地老客户的业务往来，并竭诚为各位朋友提供优质服务。
We hold to the tenet of equality ,mutual benefit and mutual complement in developing business connections with old and new customers in the world and shall make every effort to give the best services to our customers.
5、本公司还承办商品及原材料的来样、来样加工，补偿贸易，合作生产，合资经营等业务。
The business scope of our corporation also covers/includes customer-oriented processing with supplied materials and samples, compensation trade, co-operation in manufacturing and the partnering of joint ventures with external businesses.
6、同时，我国政府已同瑞典、罗马尼亚、德国、丹麦、荷兰签订了相互促进和保护投资协定，同加拿大、美国、法国、比利时-卢森堡经济联盟、芬兰、挪威、泰国、意大利、奥地利签订了投资保护协定，还同日本、美国、法国、德国、英
国、比利时等国签订了双重征税协定。我国还参加了保护工业产权（包括技术转让）的巴黎公约。
Meanwhile, the Chinese Government has signed agreements on mutual promotion and protection of investment with Sweden, Romania, Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands,agreement on the protection of investment with Canada, the USA, Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union(BLEU), Finland, Norway, Thailand, Italy and Austria and double taxation relief treaties with Japan,the USA, France, Germany, Britain, Belgium and other countries. China is a member of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (including technology transfer).
（二）根据专业来确定词义
1、良好的内包装可以其创意设计和适宜的色彩打动消费者。
Good inner packaging may impress consumers with creative designs and suitable colors.
2、不仅仅是各家银行所发生的恐慌性挤兑，还有那如滚雪球般的取消存款，都有可能引发导致金融危机的不良反应。
Not only a panic run on banks, but snowballing deposit cancellation could trigger an ominous chain reaction leading to a financial crisis.
3、由于不良贷款处置以及股市下挫等负担，所有七大银行集团在其2010年利润报表中，均报告已连续第二个会计年度出现税后亏损。
All seven major banking groups reported after-tax losses for the second consecutive fiscal year in their 2010 earning reports due to the burden of disposing of bad loans and slumping stock markets.
(三）根据词的搭配关系和上下文来确定词义
以一个常见的词为例：吞吐量
既可指“实际已经完成的货物数量”也可指“处理能力，通过能力或物料通过两”等，表前意的英文有“turnover,operation,volume, traffic”等；表后意的英文有“capacity,designed,normal capacity, handling capacity, throughput”等；有时还可以用“handle， process”等动词进行翻译。
1、2001年福州港的货物吞吐量位列全国沿海港口第十一位，集装箱吞吐量位列全国沿海港口第十位。
The turnover of Fuzhou port ranked 11th among Chinese coastal ports while its container operation was listed as 10th in the year 2001.
2、港口吞吐量两达到14.5亿吨，其中对外贸易货物吞吐量4.26亿吨，近10年来中国的国际集装箱吞吐量两以每年30%左右的速度在增长。
The throughput of pots has come to 1.45 billion tons including 426 million tons of foreign trade cargoes. In the past decade, China boasted an annual growth rate of 30% in its port throughput of international containers.
3、目前港口的通过能力和货物吞吐量均已超过亿吨。2004年宁波港货物吞吐量超过2.2亿吨，同比增长22%。
The annual handling capacity and throughput of Ningbo Port have both exceeded 100 million tons. In 2004, the port saw a throughput of over 220 million tons, up 22% over the previous year.
再以一个常见的词为例：设有分支机构
该词是商务语篇中死亡常见表达，翻译是一定要考虑其所出现的语境。
1、科电工程有限公司在上海、北京、广州、成都、苏州、大连、青岛、西安等主要城市设有分支机构，现因业务发展，诚聘英才。
Electronic Scientific Engineering Ltd.,with offices in Shanghai Beijing, Guangzhou,Chengdu, Suzhou, Dalian and Xi’an, invites applications from qualified individuals for the following positions.
2、理事会的职权：决定设立办事机构、分支机构、代表机构和实体机构...... The council shall have the power to decide on the setting up of the working bodies, branch organizations, representative organs and entity organs...
3、中国银行、中国建设银行、中国工商银行国家外汇管理局、国际信托投资公司以及中国人民保险公司等均在宁波设有分支机构。
The following financial institutions and corporations maintain branches in Ningbo: Bank of China, Construction Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the State Administration of Exchange Control, China International Trust and Investment Corporation and the People’s Insurance Company of China.
4、中国远东国际招标公司系国务院国有资产监督管理委员会直管企业中国远东贸易总公司的全资子公司，在全国各地设有35个分支机构。
China Far East International Tendering Company, affiliated to the China Far East International Trading Corporation which is directly under the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council,has 35 branch offices around the country.
再看一个常见的词：科技含量
如果指某产品的科技含量高，其所指是技术性能好，可以译为“ enjoy technical superiority”;如果指“产品的技术含量”，也可译为“ technological element of a product”。在特定语境还有其他翻译方法，如例2和例3.
1、此举将进一步提高公司的科技含量，使公司获得更广阔的市场空间。
This will further enhance the technical strength of the company and win a bigger market for it.
2、坚持开发和保护并重的原则，不断提高工业的科技含量，降低资源消耗，减少环境污染。
We must adhere to the principle of giving equal importance to exploration and protection and gradually improve the scientific content of industries and at the same time, reduce the consumption of resources and pollution of the environment.
3、推进节能与绿色建筑的发展是建设事业走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化道路的重要举措。Developing energy and green buildings is an important measure to promote “ new industrialization” featuring extensive use of state-of-the-art technologies, a well-performing economy, low levels of resource consumption, less environmental pollution, and a dynamic and productive human resource. 练习
1、2004年，上海港登上世界第二大货运港口的宝座，集装箱吞吐量位居世界第三。上海港货物、集装箱吞吐量均列全国第一。2004年上海货物吞吐量完成3.79亿吨，首次超过鹿特丹港，成为世界第二大货运港口。世界排名第一的新加坡港2004年货物吞吐量为3.88亿吨，上海港和它的差距仅为0.09亿吨。
In 2004, Shanghai port became the 2nd largest cargo port and the 3rd largest container port in the world. Additionally, Shanghai Port ranked first nationwide in these two fields. Shanghai Port first surpassed Rotterdam by processing 379 million tons of cargo in 2004 and became the 2nd largest cargo port of the world. Singapore Port,which ranked first worldwide with 388
million tons of cargo, processed 9 million tons of cargo more than Shanghai Port.
2、在过去的一个财政年度，我们面对艰巨的挑战，但我们仍勇敢的面对这些挑战，以一系列行动为中国航空集团公司及其附属公司的未来成长而努力。
We faced great challenges in the past financial year (fiscal year 美式英语）. Nonetheless, we met these challenges head-on and took a number of actions significant to the future growth of China National Aviation Holding Company and its subsidiaries.
3、进入外国市场前，公司对其场频在品牌、商标和包装上都重新打造，以适应本土化需要。
Local adaptions are made to the branding, labeling, and packaging of the company’s products before they enter foreign markets.
汉英翻译的中式英语
（一）产生的原因及其表现方式
1）中文思维进行英文表达
你的身材很美/我工作很忙
Your figure is beautiful./ My work is busy.(错误的）
You have a fair figure./ I am very busy.
2)搭配不当，导致中式英语
学习知识To learn knowledge To acquire knowledge
To reach self-sufficiency 达到自给自足To achieve
self-sufficiency
生活水平Standard of life Quality of life/living
standard 严密控制Close control Strict/ rigid control 好票Good tickets Good seats 强硬政策Strong policy Tough policy
取得成就Make achievements Attain achievements
掌握机器Master the machine Operate the machine
请医生Please/invite a doctor Call a doctor
The price is too high 价钱太贵The price is too
experience.
恢复经济Recovery the economy Reconstruct the
economy 打扫房子Sweep the house Clean the house 我们赢了你们队We have won your team. We have beaten your
team.
3)汉语中的重复不按照英语的方式行文
1、我们应该为所有这些地区拟定正确的发展建设规划。
We should draw up correct development and construction plans for all of these zones.(错误的）
We should draw up correct development plans for all of these zones.
2、为了开好本次大会，亚信会议（Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building in Asia)中国组委会（The Chinese Organizing Committee)全力以赴做了大量的准备工作。中国政府和上海市政府均对本次大会的筹备给予了大力支持。很多国家政府也为中国筹备本次大会提供了有益的帮助。再次，我谨向所有支持本次大会筹备工作的国家、部门和朋友们表示最衷心的感谢！
The Chinese Organizing Committee of Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building in Asia has gone all out to make preparations in order to make the Conference a success. The Central Government and the Shanghai Municipal Government of China have given unfailing support to the preparatory work of the Conference. T he government of many countries have provided kind assistant to China’s preparatory work for the Conference. Here I’d like to express my most sincere thanks to all the countries, departments and friends that have given us support to the preparatory work for the Conference.（错误的）
The COC has gone all out and done a lot of preparatory work for the 4th CICA Summit to make it a success. Both the Central Government and the Shanghai Municipal Government of China have given unfailing support to its preparations. The governments of many countries have provided China with kind help in this work . Here I wish to express most sincere thanks to all the countries, departments and friends that given us support in this regard.
4)汉语修饰语直译成英文
1、我们要继续坚定不移的坚持以经济建设为中心，继续坚定不移的推进改革开放，继续坚定不移的保持社会稳定，继续坚定不移的贯彻执行独立自主的和平外交政策。
We will continue to unswervingiy focus on economic development. We will continue to unswervingly press ahead with reform and opening-up. We will continue to unswervingly maintain social stability. We will continue to unswervingly carry out an independent foreign policy of peace.(错误的）
We will steadfastly focus on economic development, press ahead with reform
and opening-up, maintain social stability and pursue the independent foreign policy of peace.
5）将汉语这种意合语言的行文方式直接移入英文中：
汉语史意合的语言，表现在句子结构之间不需要使用关系非常明确地词语，但其意义仍然清晰可辨，而英语是形合语言，大量使用结构性词语，以体现句子各成分之间的逻辑关系。直接移入，会导致意义不清，逻辑紊乱！
1、外语节目应当在音像制品及封面包装上标明中外文名称。
Foreign language programs should be indicated by name in both Chinese and foreign languages on audio and video products and their cover packing.（错误的）
With respect to a program in a foreign language the name in Chinese and in the foreign language should be indicated on the audio and video products and their cover packaging.
2、中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。
The ship of China’s socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization.（错误的）
China will stride forward in building socialism like a ship braving wind and waves ,towards the glorious destination of modernization.
3、20世纪90年代，中国进出口贸易空前活跃。
In 1990s, China’s imports and exports of goods was most active.（错误的）The 1990s found China most active in the imports and exports of goods.
6）对汉语原文的此类不善于变通
1、至于包装方法，买方通常不做选择，单包装必须牢固，经受得起海运过程中的各种危险。
As for the packing method, normally the buyer does not make the choice, but the packing shall be strong enough to withstand the hazards of ocean transportation.(错误的）
The packing method is normally chosen by the seller, but the packing shall be strong enough to withstand the hazards of ocean transportation.
2、中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。
The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any country. (错误的）
A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any other countries.
(二）消除中式英语的途径
1）吃透汉语原文的精神实质，从英语读者的角度出发，按照英语的表达习惯对句子进行重组，清晰表达意思
维护世界和平是大有希望的。
To maintain world peace is very hopeful.
There are great hopes for the maintenance of world peace.
The prospect for world peace is very bright.
The prospects for world peace are very encouraging indeed.
2）有意识地记录汉语中某些表达的英文对应表达的译例
新世纪即将到来之际......
As the new century approaches,......
On the verge of the new century,......
At the dawn of the new century,......
At the threshold of the new century,......
As the new century is just round the corner,......
学生练习
1、由于失业率高，美元币值下降，股票市场处于困境之中，经济问题将是总统所面临的最严峻的考验。
With the increase in unemployment, the devaluation of US dollors and the distress that the stock market encounters, the economy will constitute the most difficult problem for the President.
2、你目睹了中国和世界在本世纪走过的非凡历程。
You have witnessed the sweep of a remarkable century, both in China and abroad.
3、美籍华人独特的文化和......勤奋观念加强了我们社会的凝聚力。Chinese American’s unique culture and values of... Hard work have strengthened the fabric of our society.
4、每个国家都得根据自己的传统寻找发展方案。
Each country has to look for development approaches within its own traditions.
5、我方获悉你方生产纯羊毛衫供出口，由于本地对该类型的产品有稳定的需求，请即寄来价目单、产品目录、以及一些样品，我们收到后立即通知你方。
We have learned that you are producing wool sweaters in pure materials for export. As there is a steady demand here for goods of this type, please send us your price list, catalog, and some samples. We will inform you immediately after we receive them.
6、有些经济学家说，温和的通货膨胀对一个国家的经济是好的，甚至是必需的；但也有一些经济学家认为，通货膨胀的意义不能过分估计。
Some economists say that mild inflation is good, or even necessary, for a country’s economy; but some others think the significance of inflation should
not be overestimated.
7、中基公司（CHINABASE）将在原有基础上以国际市场为导向以发展对外贸易为龙头，以提高经济效益为中心，坚定不移地走国际化、实业化和集团化的道路。Chinabase will firmly embark on the road to internationalization, industrialization and conglomeration on the basis of international orientation, putting foreign trade in the lead and improving its economic results.
8、乡镇企业要根据国家的宏观需要和市场需要，在治理整顿期间适当降低发展速度。
During the period of improvement and correction,village and township enterprises should reduce their rate of expansion to comply with the general requirements of the state, as well as market demand.
9、如果你方有可能在做紧三个月需要这些产品，建议你方现在下订单，因为价格正在飞涨。
If you are likely to require any of these products during the next three months, we advise your placing the order now as prices are rapidly rising.
10、该协定要求政务透明，要求国内外投资者享有同等待遇，并要求通过国际仲裁解决劳动、环境和其他争端.
The treaty requires government transparency, equal treatment for domestic and foreign investors, and international mediation of labor,environmental and other disputes.
11、财务报表已经根据美国普遍接受的会计准则编制妥当。
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States’generally accepted accounting principles.
12、在本合同执行中引起的或与本合同有关的争议应由双方通过友好协商解决。Any dispute arising from the execution of, or in connection with the
agreement, shall be settled through friendly consultations between the two parties.
13、诸如信息技术和生物技术等快速发展的新行业，在未来将通过运用先进的技术和专门的知识来支撑整个世界的经济。
Growth industries, such as information technology and biotechnology, will sustain the global economy in the future by utilizing advanced technology and expertise.
14、收到这样的通知时，双方应就是否多这样的侵权行为采取行动进行讨论。Upon such notification, the parties hereto shall discuss whether or not any action should be taken against such infringement.
15、Due to the rising cost of raw materials we are reluctantly compelled to raise our price by 3%.
由于原材料成本涨价，我方只好被迫提价3&。
16、The activity of “one bargain, one gift”(“buy one and get one free”) for this product will be extended for another ten days.
本产品的“买一送一”活动将延长10日。
17、It would be appreciated if you could quote your best (most favorable)prices of CIF Shanghai for chairs.
请报椅子的最优惠上海到岸价。
18、We assure you of our careful and prompt attention to all your orders.
我方向你方保证，会对你放的订单立即予以认真的处理。
19、You may be assured that we shall do our best to execute your order to your satisfaction.
请放心，我方会尽力做好贵方的订单，让贵方满意。
20、The company shall compensate for the boss due to the delay of delivery.
由于货物延期发放，本公司将对贵公司的损失进行赔偿。
下午13：00—17：00
B．实行不定时工作制的员工，在保证完成甲方工作任务情况下，经公司同意,可自行安排工作和休息时间。
3．1．2打卡制度
3.1.2.1公司实行上、下班指纹录入打卡制度。全体员工都必须自觉遵守工作时间，实行不定时工作制的员工不必打卡。
3.1.2.2打卡次数：一日两次，即早上上班打卡一次，下午下班打卡一次。
3.1.2.3打卡时间：打卡时间为上班到岗时间和下班离岗时间；
3.1.2.4因公外出不能打卡：因公外出不能打卡应填写《外勤登记表》,注明外出日期、事由、外勤起止时间。因公外出需事先申请，如因特殊情况不能事先申请，应在事毕到岗当日完成申请、审批手续，否则按旷工处理。因停电、卡钟（工卡）故障未打卡的员工，上班前、下班后要及时到部门考勤员处填写《未打卡补签申请表》，由直接主管签字证明当日的出勤状况，报部门经理、人力资源部批准后，月底由部门考勤员据此上报考勤。上述情况考勤由各部门或分公司和项目文员协助人力资源部进行管理。
3.1.2.5手工考勤制度
3.1.2.6手工考勤制申请：由于工作性质，员工无法正常打卡（如外围人员、出差），可由各部门提出人员名单，经主管副总批准后，报人力资源部审批备案。
3.1.2.7参与手工考勤的员工，需由其主管部门的部门考勤员(文员)或部门指定人员进行考勤管理，并于每月26日前向人力资源部递交考勤报表。
3.1.2.8参与手工考勤的员工如有请假情况发生，应遵守相关请、休假制度，如实填报相关表单。
3.1.2.9 外派员工在外派工作期间的考勤,需在外派公司打卡记录;如遇中途出差,持出差证明,出差期间的考勤在出差地所在公司打卡记录;
3.2加班管理
3.2.1定义
加班是指员工在节假日或公司规定的休息日仍照常工作的情况。
A．现场管理人员和劳务人员的加班应严格控制，各部门应按月工时标准，合理安排工作班次。部门经理要严格审批员工排班表，保证员工有效工时达到要求。凡是达到月工时标准的，应扣减员工本人的存休或工资；对超出月工时标准的，应说明理由，报主管副总和人力资源部审批。
B．因员工月薪工资中的补贴已包括延时工作补贴，所以延时工作在4小时（不含）以下的，不再另计加班工资。因工作需要，一般员工延时工作4小时至8小时可申报加班半天，超过8小时可申报加班1天。对主管(含)以上管理人员，一般情况下延时工作不计加班，因特殊情况经总经理以上领导批准的延时工作，可按以上标准计加班。
3.2.2.2员工加班应提前申请，事先填写《加班申请表》，因无法确定加班工时的，应在本次加班完成后3个工作日内补填《加班申请表》。《加班申请表》经部门经理同意，主管副总经理审核报总经理批准后有效。《加班申请表》必须事前当月内上报有效，如遇特殊情况，也必须在一周内上报至总经理批准。如未履行上述程序，视为乙方自愿加班。
3.2.2.3员工加班，也应按规定打卡，没有打卡记录的加班，公司不予承认；有打卡记录但无公司总经理批准的加班，公司不予承认加班。
3.2.2.4原则上，参加公司组织的各种培训、集体活动不计加班。
3.2.2.5加班工资的补偿：员工在排班休息日的加班，可以以倒休形式安排补休。原则上，员工加班以倒休形式补休的，公司将根据工作需要统一安排在春节前后补休。加班可按1：1的比例冲抵病、事假。
3.2.3加班的申请、审批、确认流程
3.2.3.1《加班申请表》在各部门文员处领取，加班统计周期为上月26日至本月25日。
3.2.3.2员工加班也要按规定打卡，没有打卡记录的加班，公司不予承认。各部门的考勤员(文员)负责《加班申请表》的保管及加班申报。员工加班应提前申请，事先填写《加班申请表》加班前到部门考勤员(文员)处领取《加班申请表》，《加班申请表》经项目管理中心或部门经理同意，主管副总审核，总经理签字批准后有效。填写并履行完审批手续后交由部门考勤员(文员)保管。
3.2.3.3部门考勤员（文员）负责检查、复核确认考勤记录的真实有效性并在每月27日汇总交人力资源部，逾期未交的加班记录公司不予承认。
“耶……”随着一阵欢呼声及掌声，我们的指挥走上舞台，领下“红歌比赛一等奖”的奖状。你可别以为这只是一个偶然的画面，要知道，这次的成功可是用我们的汗水所换来的。早在两个月以前，我们就接到了要举办“红歌比赛”的通知。本来时间还早，其他班对此还不大重视，可我们班的班主任似乎一刻也不能等，不仅给我们排好了班歌，还让我们在每天早晨、下午练歌，让我们做着充足的准备迎接挑战。有一次，我们班主任还特的请来了一位音乐老师来指导我们，特别准备了两节课来练歌。当然，我们也不负众望，练得十分认真：有的脸涨红了;有的嗓子练哑了;有的甚至还在这严寒之际，唱出了汗水，渗透了衣裳。离红歌比赛还有一两周了。我们班主任又给我们编了队形，还给我们制出了道具：整个道具呈圆形，飞盘状，一面是咱们班“北山雄鹰”的班徽，一面是代表咱们六班每一棵“小树苗”的绿叶。你可别小看它，它不仅是我们比赛的制胜“法宝”，而且，为了给我们班69名同学每人一个，我们班的几位同学硬是忍冻挨饿，直至晚上十点半左右，才完成了那69个道具。
还有几天就要比赛了，同学们抓的更紧了。在一次训练时，一个调皮的同学问道：“老师，你说我们会拿一等奖吗?”这句话打破了紧张的练习，大家都把目光投向班主任那儿。班主任笑着说：“当然啦!我们付出了这么多，如果连我们也拿不到第一，那恐怕就没有人敢去夺第一了。”班主任的一番话有使我们信心大增，再次点燃了我们心中的斗志，想着比赛做着最后的冲刺。
比赛当天，我们班除了领唱和指挥，其余人员全部穿着统一色的校服，配上鲜艳的红领巾，再加上耀眼的班徽，给人一种“不拿第一，誓不罢休”的感觉。比赛时，我们忘却了练习时的辛苦，忘掉了站在舞台上的紧张，只是注视着指挥的每一个手势、每一个动作，满怀激情地唱出那嘹亮的歌声，完全沉浸在这优美的旋律里。知道主持人说出：“红歌比赛一等奖的获得者是——初20××级6班!”便出现了开头的那一幕。
成功的花，人们只惊慕她现时的明艳!然而当初她的芽儿，渗透了奋斗的泪泉，洒遍了牺牲的血雨。