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第六课：

Getting Along with Nature

Key

Comprehension

A 1. The similarity is in that the defenders of nature and wilderness and the defenders

of industrialization base their arguments on the assumption that there are two distinct conditions, one natural and the other industrial. The dissimilarity is that the former opposes human encroachment and the latter want to make human encroachment complete.

2. It means “unmixed” , “mere” and “unchanged”, respectively.

3. Because pure nature cannot offer all the things that allow humans to live

comfortable and pleasantly.

4. It implies that people are now suffering from such problems as pollution and the

diminishing wilderness.

5. He wants to exemplify that all creatures depend on nature and they all change it.

6. Nature supplies us with what we need and at the same time, imposes restriction

on how much, and for how long we can get it.

7. a. She makes and regulates natural laws.

b. She deals out equal justice to all creatures.

c. She joins all creatures and tries to make them live in harmony.

8. The principle of justice.

9. Y es. (1) the population (e.g. of woodpeckers) that an area can support, and (2)

the maximum amount that can be contained (in the lynx’s stomach).

10. No, because the author uses the words “we hope”.

11. No. The author illustrates the complexity and adversary relationship man has

with nature as well as the need to better it.

12. N. He points out pros and cons of both sides and concludes by saying that by

diminishing either nature or man, the other is also diminished.

B. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F

Vocabulary and Structure

A.1. complexity 2. wild 3. surplus 4. indifferently 5. earthly

6. acknowledge

7. obviously/ apparently

8. diminish

9. artificial I 0. destructive

B.1-g 2- j 3- a 4- f 5- b 6- h 7- i 8- c 9- d 10- e

1. primeval

2. whatsoever

3. beneficent

4. ultimately

5. pointedly

6. intricate

7. encroaching

8. indispensable

9. legitimate 10. fertility

C.1. In short 2. attributed to

3. is up against

4. were under the spell of

5. at the expense of

6. regardless of

7. Allowing for 8. was involved in

9. acting on 10. vice versa

D.1.C.increases 2.B. that of the general population

3.B. largely self-contained

4. A. in charge of

5. D. confused

6. C. safety provisions

7. B. that 8. B. by which

9. C. put 10. D. much of

E.1. survival 2. perceive 3. public 4.occupy 5.lots

6.hand

7. restored

8. fertility

9. renewed 10. dwellings

11. wilderness 12. transitions 13. agriculture 14. even 15.beyond

T ranslation (from English to Chinese):

A:正如诗人埃德蒙.斯宾塞在将近四百年前所说的那样，大自然是“最伟大的女神”。她似乎担任了上帝驻地球的总督的职务。斯宾塞把她描写成一位母亲和法官。|| 她管辖着所有的生物之间的往来，并不分厚薄地给予他们权利，因为她是一位公正的母亲。她把他们紧密地联结在一起，就象兄弟姐妹。|| 因而，在斯宾塞看来，生物繁殖及生物秩序的自然规律与公正原则显而易见地是联系在一起的。当我们得知斯宾塞认为大自然也具有公正原则的时候我们或许有点吃惊。|| 然而，斯宾塞不仅以人类的手足之情而是以所有生物的手足之情为依据来坚持自然界有这么一位“公正的”法官。要是在当今，我们会说斯宾塞是以生态学作为其可靠依据的。

B. 如果我们人类和大自然的固有关系不是相互对抗的，那么，它又是什么样的

一种关系呢？|| 对我们来讲，这个变得相当复杂难解，因为正如我先前所讲过的那样，我们中没有人想在未经开发的原始森林里或在未经改造的原始大草原上生活，我们不想被大灰熊吃掉。|| 假如我们是园艺家，我们有正当的理由去抱怨园内的杂草。在肯塔基州，如果我们准备改良牧场，我们就很可能成为那一片随风摆动的大蓟的敌人。|| 但是，如果我们还随心所欲，想做什么就做什么，那么，我们就会对那些曾经被我们砍伐破坏了的原始森林和草原着迷，我们会一而再而三地想起它们，想起那些幸存的原始森林和原始草原。|| 我们还会感到大灰熊深深地吸引着我们。我们知道，在整个人类时期我们会一直想起大灰熊及其他一些危险动物。

T ranslation (from Chinese to English):

1. Most conservationists believe that humans thrive best in ecological health and that the sign of this health is the survival of a diversity of wild animals.

2. Mr. Smith produced abundant evidence to indicate that we, to some extent, diminish ourselves if we diminish nature.

3. Many cities in Western countries have switched to a new gasoline formula that reduces the pollution content. This is also true of some cities in China.

4. As depicted in a poem written by the English poet Edmund Spenser, nature is not only a mother but a judge, having jurisdiction over and doing justice to all creatures

5. A government study concludes that besides overcrowding and poor public transport, the biggest problems the city is up against are noise and pollution.

6. Unlike all other creatures, humans have the ability to act on their judgment/ understanding.

7. Don't you agree with the statement that health without wealth is preferable to wealth without health?

8. Even those defenders of industrial economy have to acknowledge openly that any conflict between humans and nature often occurs at the expense of both.

9. If your friend kindly points out a fault you have, take what is said not merely pleasantly, but thankfully.

10. One of the differences between humans and wild animals is that (or lies in that) the former can make a wise choice as to the kind and scale of the change they make to nature.

Reading Practice

1.D

2.D

3.B

4.C

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