《英语语言学》练习题
《英语语言学》练习题
一
I. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word beginning with the letter given:
1.Modern linguistics is d__________ rather than prescriptive.
2.Consonants can be described in terms of p________ of articulation, manners of
articulation, and v_______.
3.A_________ are variants of the same phoneme in different phonetic contexts.
4.The smallest meaningful unit of language is called m________.
5.According to Saussure, a linguistic sign is composed of s________ and
s_______.
6.General linguistics is based on the view that language as a system composed of
three aspects: sound, s________ and meaning.
7.Monophthongs and d_________ are two major types of vowels.
8.Sequences that are possible but do not occur yet are called a_________ gap, e.g.
/blik/, /bilk/, /klib/, and /kilb/.
9.M_________ and s________ make up two subsystems of language.
10.The language used to talk about language is called m___________.
11.According to M.A.K. Halliday, language plays three metafunctions
simultaneously: the ideational function, the i________ function and the t__________ function.
12.Chinese is a typical t________ language. M(mother), m(hemp) m(horse)
m(scold), for example, are four distinguished words .
13.The total number of words stored in the brain is called l_______, which can be
understood as a mental dictionary.
14.Words like went, which is not related in form to indicate grammatical contrast
with the root, are called s________.
15.S_________ is defined as the study of meaning.
16.S_________ are words which have different forms but similar meanings.
II. Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets:
( ) 1. The Swiss linguist de Saussure regarded the linguistic sign as co mposed of sound image and referent.
( ) 2. Chinese is an agglutinating language.
( ) 3. Not all vowels are voiced.
( ) 4. If segments appear in the same position but the mutual substitution does not result in change of meaning, they are said to be in free variation.
( ) 5. A greenbottle is a type of bottle.
( ) 6. Productivity is the first and foremost striking feature of human language. ( ) 7. Language contains two subsystems, one of speaking and the other of writing.
( ) 8. Language can be used to refer to things real or imagined, past, present or future.
( ) 9. Modern linguistics is prescriptive rather than descriptive.
( ) 10. The study of speech sounds is called Phonology.
( ) 11. The voiceless bilabial stop in pin and the one in spin are in complementary distribution.
( ) 12. Tone is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaning.
( ) 13. Compounding, the combination of free morphemes, is a common way to form words.
( ) 14. In the phrases a herd of cattle, a flock of sheep, both cattle and sheep contain only one morpheme.
( ) 15. The meaning of compounds is always the sum of meaning of the compounds.
III. Multiple Choice
1._________ is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.
A. Duality
B. Arbitrariness
C. Creativity
D. Displacement
2.Which of the following does not belong to the language metafunctions
illustrated by M.A.K. Halliday?
A.Ideational function
B. Interpersonal function
C.Textual function.
D. Logical function
3.The study of speech sounds is called ________.
A. Phonetics
B. Articulatory phonetics
C. Phonology
D. Acoustic Phonetics
4.Every syllable has a(n) _______, which is usually a vowel.
A. onset
B. nucleus
C. coda
D. rhyme
5.Which of the following does not belong to suprasegmental features?
A.Stress
B. Intonation
C. Tone
D. Syllable
6.________ is defined as the study of the internal structure and the formation of
words.
A. Morphology
B. Syntax
C. Lexicon
D. Morpheme
7._____ is a process that puts an existing word of one class into another class.
A. Clipping
B. Blending
C. Eponym
D. Conversion
8.In the phrases a herd of cattle, a flock of sheep, both cattle and sheep contain _____
morphemes.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
9.Sip and zip, tip and dip, map and nap, etc, are all ______.
A. minimal pairs
B. minimal sets
C. allophones
D. phones
IV. For each group of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature(s) then share: Example: [s] [f] [p] [h] voiceless
1)[g] [z] [d]
2)[v] [h] [s]
3)[m] [p] [b] [f] [v]
4)[t] [d] [n] [l] [s] [z]
5)[i:] [i] [u] [u:]
V. Transcribe the sound represented by the underlined letter(s) in the words and then describe it.
Example: heat [i:] vowel front high
a)photo
b)write
c)car
d)actor
e)city
f)city
g)worry
h)yes
VI. Write the phonetic symbol that corresponds to the articulatory description.
Example: vowel front high [i:]
1bilabial nasal
2voiced labiovelar glide
3literal liquid
4voiced bilabial stop
5front high lax
VII. Pronounce the words key and core, ski and score, paying attention to the phoneme /k/. What difference do you notice between the first pair and the second pair in terms of the phonetic features of the voiceless velar stop?
VIII. Consider the following words and answer the questions below:
a)finger
b)disgraceful
c)stepsister
d)psycholinguistics
e)antidisestablishmentarianism
i.Tell the number of morphemes in each word.
ii.Underline the free morphemes in each word where possible to do so.
IX. Identify the difference between a greenhouse and a green house, and the difference between a sleeping car and a sleeping baby.
X. Define the following term, giving examples for illustration:
Allophone
XI. Draw tree diagrams for the following two sentences:
1. A clever magician fooled the audience.
2.The tower on the hill collapsed in the wind.
3.They can fish.
4.Pat found a book on Wall Street.
5.I saw the man with a telescope.
XII. Explain the ambiguity of the following sentences.
a.This is a beautiful girl’s dress.
b.Those who went there quickly made a fortune.
c. A woman murderer
XIII. Tell the process of word formation illustrated by the example and find as many
words as you can that are formed in the same way.
(1)flu
(2)OPEC
(3)Nobel
(4)televise
(5)better (v.)
XIV. How would you read the phrases in the two columns? What does each of them mean?
Column I Column II
a. The White House a white house
b. a redcoat a red coat
a. a bluebird a blue bird
b. a lighthouse keeper a light housekeeper
XV. Explain the relation between bank1 (the side of a river) and bank2 (the financial institute).
XVI. Identify the type of transitivity process in each of the following sentences.
(1)John washed the car.
(2)John likes the car.
XVII. Answer the following question:
What are the three metafunctions according to Halliday?
注：期末试题题型及分值比率：
I.Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets: 30%
II. Multiple Choice 5%
III. Tell the semantic relation within the given sentence and that between the two sentences. 10%
IV. Data Analysis: 10%
V. Try to think of contexts in which the following sentences can be used for other
purposes than just stating facts5%
VI. Define the following term, giving examples for illustration10%
VII. Give examples to illustrate gradable antonyms, complementary antonyms, and
reversal antonyms 30%
VIII. Answer the following questions
二
I.Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets:
( ) 1. Pragmatics is concerned with speaker meaning.
( ) 2. The reference of a deixis to a preceding expression is technically termed cataphoric reference.
II. Multiple Choice
1.Both pretty and handsome mean good-looking but they differ in ________
meaning.
A. collocative
B. social
C. affective
D. reflected
2.______ refers to having the right to speak by turns.
A.Adjacency pairs
B. Turn-talking
C. Preferred second parts
D. Insertion sequences
3. British English and American English are ______ varieties of the English language.
A. functional
B. social
C. regional
D. standard
4. ______ is the approximate language system that the learner constructs for use in
communication through the target language.
A. Metalanguage
B. Interlanguage
C. Sign
D. Esperanto
5.In _____ stage, children use single words to represent various meanings.
A. telegraphic
B. two-word
C. holophrastic
D. babbling
6.______ is a term widely used in sociolinguistics to refer to “varieties according to use.”
A. Register
B. Field
C. Mode
D. Tenor
III. Tell the semantic relation within the given sentence and that between the two sentences.
II.My uncle is male.
III.The spinster is married.
IV.Jim is an orphan. Jim lives with his parents.
V.Sam is the husband of Sally. Sally is the wife of Sam.
VI.He has gone to London. He has gone to England.
IV. Data Analysis:
1.What is the illocution of A’s utterance in the following brief encounter?
A: Y ou are in a non-smoking zone, sir.
B: Thanks (extinguishing the cigarette).
2.What kind of pre-sequence is A’s first utterance? (Hint: A and B are two
secretaries working in the same office.)
A: Are you going to be here long?
B: Y ou can go if you like.
A: I’ll just be outside. Call me if you need me.
B: OK.
V. Try to think of contexts in which the following sentences can be used for other purposes than just stating facts:
1. The room is messy.
2. It would be good if she had a green skirt on
VI. Define the following term, giving examples for illustration:
V ariety
VII. Give examples to illustrate gradable antonyms, complementary antonyms, and reversal antonyms.
VIII. Answer the following questions:
1.What are the features of metaphors?
2.How do you distinguish homonymy from polysemy?
3.What is reference and what is sense? How are they related?
4.What are the components of metaphor?
5.What is the difference between linguistic competence and communicative
competence?
6.What is the difference between referential meaning and associative meanings of
words?
7.How do you distinguish pidgin from Creole?
8.What are the three dimensions that a speech act consists of?
9.How do sociolinguists classify the varieties of English?
10.What are the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle?
注：期末试题题型及分值比率：
I.Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in
the brackets: 30%
II. Multiple Choice 5%
III. Tell the semantic relation within the given sentence and that between the two sentences. 10%
IV. Data Analysis: 10%
V. Try to think of contexts in which the following sentences can be used for other purposes than just stating facts5%
VI. Define the following term, giving examples for illustration10%
VII. Give examples to illustrate gradable antonyms, complementary antonyms, and
reversal antonyms 30%
VIII. Answer the following questions
五年级语文课内阅读练习
五年级语文课内阅读练习 一根据所学内容填空 第六组课文的主题是。《地震中的父与子》故事发生在（地名），课文以（）人称的口吻，按照（）的顺序，记述了一位父亲冒着生命危险在地震中救出儿子的故事。父亲经常对儿子说 ,这是父亲对儿子 的，也是儿子在恐惧和黑暗中信心和力量的源泉。赞扬了 （）。 《慈母情深》的作者是当代著名作家。课文以（）人称的口吻，按照（）的顺序，通过描写母亲的（）（）和（）展示了“慈母”的高大形象。 二、语句收集 1.描写人物外貌的句子： 2.描写人物动作的句子： 3.描写人物语言的句子： 三用修改符号修改 1、大厅里摆满了看演出的观众。 2、校园里生满了白的、红的、黄的等五颜六色的花。 3、我站在操场上，仔细地看着练习身体的同学们。 4、我们班取得了竞赛第一名，大家的心里露出了胜利的喜悦。 5、小组讨论会上，大家的发言很猛烈。 6、异口同声地说：“赞成！” 7、在老师的教育下，他明确了学习态度。 8、我爱看《小蜜蜂》、《小溪流》、《小学生学习报》等课外书。 9、改革开放以后，人们的生活越来越富强。 10、春天的景色我觉得十分美丽。
课内文段（10分）（一）我______地把握住生活的_____，使它不被哪一股风刮倒。我从心底里知道，“_______”也好，“_______”也好，这两个极端的______有一个共同的出发点——那就是爱。在爱的_____下，我努力地向前______。（3分） 1 完成文段。（4分） 2 片段选自《》，课文以（）人称的口吻，按照（）顺序描写了父母对我的爱。（2分） 3“哪一股风”指的是什么？（1分） _______________________________ 4破折号在这里起什么作用？（1分）_______________________________ 5你怎么理解“我谨慎地把握生活的小船，使它不被哪一股风刮倒”。（2分） ______________________________ _ 课内文段（10分）（二）儿子摇摇晃晃地走了。从他出门的那一分钟起，我就开始后悔。我想我一定是世上最狠心的母亲，在孩子有病的时候，不但不帮助他，还给他雪上加霜。我就是想锻炼他，也领着他一道去，一路上指点指点，让他先有个印象，以后再按图索骡（jì j ìn）。这样虽说可能留不下记忆的痕迹（jī jì），但来日方长，又何必在这病中这分分秒秒呢？时间艰涩（sè shè）地流动着，像沙漏坠入我忐忑不安的心房。两个小时过去了，儿子还没有回来。虽然我知道看病是件费时间的事，但我的心还是疼痛地收缩（suō suò）成一团。 1、将文中加点字的不正确的读音划去。（4分） 2、联系上下文，理解词语的意思。（2分） 雪上加霜：______________________________________ 按图索骥：______________________________________ 3、理解画“”句子的含义。（2分） _________________________________________________________ 4、用“—”画出文中描写母亲心理活动的句子，再写表达了母亲怎样的思想感情？（2分）_________________________________________________________
2016-英语语言学期末试题练习-+答案
英语语言学练习题 Ⅰ. Matching Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B. Column A 1.displacement https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e815821826.html,ngue 3.suprasegmental feature 4.deep structure 5.predication analysis 6.idiolect 7.pidgin 8.mistakes 9.interlanguage 10.motivation 11.arbitrariness https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e815821826.html,petence 13.broad transcription 14.morphology 15.category 16.errors https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e815821826.html,ponential analysis 18.context 19.blending 20.culture 21.learning strategies 22.selectional restrictions 23.phrase structure rules 24.culture diffusion Column B A.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9 B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language. 21 C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23 D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24 E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 6 F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7 G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents- ---- arguments and predicates. 5 H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22 I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization properties. 4 J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3 K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14 L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e815821826.html,nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1 N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10 O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20 P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.
英语语言学总结
第一章 All languages have three major components: a sound system, a system of lexicogrammar and a systm of semantics. 语音系统，词汇语法系统和语义系统。 Language is a means of verbal communication. Design Features of language: the features that define our human languages. 决定了语言性质特征叫定义特征 Design Features: Arbitratiness(任意性)：the froms of liguistic signs bear no natural relationsip to their meaning.语言符号的形式与所表示的意义没有天然的联 系。 1\ Arbitrary relationship between the sound of a morpheme and ists meaning语素音义关系的任意性 2\ Arbitrariness at the syntactic level 句法层面上的任意性。 Syntactic: the sentences are constructed according to the grammar of arrangement. 句法学，是依据语法规定构建句子结 构的方法。 3\ Arbitrariness and convention 任意性和规约性 Duality（二层性）: is meant the propertry of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. 二层性是指拥有两层结构的这种特 性，上层结构的单位底层结构的元素构成，每层都有自身的组合 规则。 Sound-the only function is to combine with one another to form units that have meaning相互组合构成有意义的单位。 Creativity（创造性）：is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness. 源于二层性和递归性 Displacement(移位性)：human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present at the moment of communication.人类语言可以让使用者在交往 时用语言符号代表时间上和空间上并不可及的物体时间或 观点。比如现在说孔子。 语言功能： 1. informative, also called ideational function. 信息功能也叫概念功能 2) Performative施为功能，is to change the social status of persons. 改变人 的社会地位，比如仪式。 3) Emotive Function感情功能 4) Phatic communion寒暄功能 5) Recreational Function娱乐功能
五年级上册课内阅读练习题及参考答案
五年级上册课内阅读练习题及参考答案） 一、认真阅读《窃读记》第3、4自然段，完成以下练习。 1、在第三自然段中找出描写作者动作的词语写在横线上。跨、踮、挤 2、这两个自然段中一系列动作描写，突出“我”对读书（B）。 A、感到辛苦 B、如饥似渴 C、很是无奈 3、从这两个自然段中，找出文章的中心句，写在横线上。 我很快乐，也很惧怕——这种窃读的滋味！ 4、“我像一匹饿狼，贪婪地读着。”这句话运用了（比喻）的修辞手法。 “贪婪”是指贪得无厌，没有满足的时候。作者把满怀读书渴望的“我”比作一匹饥饿的狼，写出了“我”强烈的求知欲，对读书的渴望。 二、认真阅读《窃读记》第7—10自然段，完成以下练习。 1、照样子，写词语。 依依不舍孜孜不倦、振振有词、彬彬有礼 舒舒服服整整齐齐、干干净净、随随便便 2、给下列带点字选择正确的读音。 支撑（chēn chēng）暂时（zàn zhàn）智慧（zìzhì） 3、“你们是吃饭长大的，也是读书长大的。”对这句话的正确理解是（B）。 A、一个人要读书、吃饭才能长身体。 B、一个人既需要粮食哺育身体，又需要读书来长智慧。一个是物质粮食，一个是精神粮食，二者缺一不可。 C、吃饭能使人长大，读书也能使人长大。 三、认真阅读《走遍天下书为侣》第5自然段，完成以下练习。 1、我会写出下列词语的反义词。 熟悉（陌生）喜爱（厌恶） 2、我会按要求改写句子。 （1）你不会因为熟悉家中的一切就弃家而去吧？ 改为陈述句：你不会因为熟悉家中的一切就弃家而去。 （2）书是朋友。 扩句：丰富多彩的书是我最真挚的朋友。 3、在这个文段中作者把喜爱的书比作一个朋友和家。 4、作者把喜爱的书比作“家”的理由是什么？ 答：作者把喜爱的书比作“家”的理由是：读自己喜爱的书，就是回到自己温暖而亲切的家。 四、认真阅读《走遍天下书为侣》第7、8自然段，完成以下练习。 1、出下列词语的近义词。 欣赏（赞赏）忽略（忽视）思考（思索） 2、读下面的句子，再根据自己读书的感受仿写句子。 一本你喜爱的书就是一位朋友，也是一处你随时想去就去的故地。 一本你喜爱的书就是一位良师，也是让你不断进步的阶梯。
英语专业英语语言学期末复习总结.docx
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I. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only. 1. Clear ［1］and dark [?] are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c omplementary distribution. (P24) 2. M orphology is the smallest meaningful unit of language. (P32) 3. Consonant sounds can be either?voiceless or voiced, while all v owel sounds are voiced. (P16) 4. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the C ooperative?principle proposed by J. Grice. (P86-87) 5.??Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a s ynchronic study of language. (P4) 6.?An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the lungs meets with any o bstruction when a sound is produced. (P18) 7.?XP may contain more than just X. For example, the NP “the boy who likes this puppy” consists of Det, N and S, with Det being the s pecifier, N the head and S the complement. (P46) 9.??While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u tterance is concrete and context-dependent. (P70) 11. P sycholinguistics relates the study of language to psychology. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language. (P70) 12. A d iachronic study of language is a historical study, it studies the historical development of language over a period of time. (P70) 13. Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At the lower level, there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level. This design feature is called d uality. (P70) 14. The articulatory apparatus of a human being is contained in three important areas: the pharyngeal cavity, the o ral cavity and the nasal cavity. (P15) 16. S uprasegmental features such as stress, tone and intonation can influence the interpretation of meaning. (P70) 18. H omonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. (P70) 19. The three branches of phonetics are labeled as a rticulatory phonetics, auditory phonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively. (P15)
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