英语名篇名段背诵精华(第21-30篇)

英语名篇名段背诵精华21 The English Character 英国人的性格

以下这段文字选自哥尔德史密斯的《世界公民》一书中有关英国社会的论述。关于英国人的性格，我们现在依然可以从中窥见一二。

The English seem as silent as the Japanese, yet vainer than the inhabitants of Siam. Upon my arrival I attributed that reserve to modesty, which, I now find, has its origin in pride. Condescend to address them first, and you are sure of their acquaintance; stoop to flattery, and you c onciliate their friendship and esteem. They bear hunger, cold, fatigue, and all the miseries of life without shrinking, danger only calls forth their fortitude; they even exult in calamity, but contempt is what they cannot bear. An Englishman fears contempt more than death; he often flies to death as a refuge from its pressure, and dies when he fancies the world has creased to esteem him.

Except from Letters of a Citizen of the World by Oliver Goldsmith

注释

vain [vein]: too proud of one’s ability or achievements自负的

fortitude [′f?:titju:d]: strength of mind that allows one to endure pain or adversity with courage坚韧，刚毅exult[ig′z?lt]: to rejoice greatly; be jubilant or triumphant狂喜，喜气洋洋或得意洋洋

contempt [k?n′tempt]: disgrace, scorn 轻蔑，鄙视

作者简介

Oliver Goldsmith (1728-1774) was a great man. Despite the disintegration of his personality, his excessive drunkenness and incurable extravagance, he was a man of rare talents that bordered on genius, one of the first natural writers in the English language. This reputation is based on, and justified by, some half a dozen books, essays, plays, poems, and one novel, The Vicar of Wakefield. And An History of the Earth and Animated Nature has been described as everything from “hackwork” to his “most substantial literary legacy”.

奥利弗.哥尔德史密斯，是18世纪著名的英国剧作家。出生于爱尔兰，1756年定居伦敦，并展开其创作事业。

不论是诗歌、小说、文章还是剧本，他的写作风格均以嬉笑怒骂的形式，借以讽刺时弊。

英国人似乎和日本人一样沉默寡言，却比泰国人更自负一点。我刚到伦敦时，把这种矜持归结为谦虚，现在我发现其源头是自尊心。要是你主动先和他们客套寒暄，你就会成为他们的熟人；要是你停下来对他们赞美一番，你就会成为赢得他们的友谊与尊重。他们忍受饥饿、寒冷、劳累，面对人生所有的苦难从不退缩；苦难只会让他们更加坚忍不拔；即使身处逆境，他们仍然能欣然面对；但决不能忍受遭轻视，对一个英国人来说，这比死更难受。他常常因承受不了遭人鄙视的压力而赴死以求解脱。当他人物世人不再尊重自己时就会毅然弃世。

英语名篇名段背诵精华22 The Use of History 历史的用处

《历史的用处》(The Use of History, 1946)一书，倾注了罗斯对历史的热情，书中体现了他多年的教学心得。

There are two ways of thinking of history. There is, first, history regarded as a way of looking at other things, really the temporal aspect of anything, from the universe to this nib with which I am writing. Everything has its history. There is the history of the universe, if only we knew it－and we know something of it, if we do not know much. Nor is the contrast so great, when you come to think of it, between the universe and this pen-nib. A mere pen-nib has quite a considerable history. There is, to begin with, what has been written with it, and that might be something quite important. After all it was probably only one quill-pen or a couple that wrote Hamlet. Whatever has been written with the pen-nib is part of its history. In addition to that there is the history of its manufacture: this particular nib is a 'Relief' nib, No. 314, made by R. Esterbrook and Co. in England, who supply the Midland Bank with

pen-nibs, from whom I got it—a gift, I may say. But behind this nib there is the whole process of manufacture.... In fact a pen nib implies of universe, and the history of it implies its history. We may regard this way of looking at it—history as the time-aspect of all things: a pen-nib, the universe, the fiddled before me as I write, as a relative conception of history. There is, secondly, what we might call a substantive conception of history, what we usually mean by it, history proper as a subject of study in itself.

Excerpt from The Use of History by A.L.Rowse 注释

temporal [′temp?r?l]: 当时的，暂时的，现世的

nib [nib]: 鹅管笔的尖端，钢笔尖

considerable [k?n′sid?r?bl]: worth of consideration; significant 重要的，值得考虑的；有重大意义的

Midland Bank: 米特兰银行

the fiddled: 不重要的事

substantive [′s?bst?ntiv]: of or relating to the essence or substance; essential实质的，实在的

作者简介

A. L. Rowse (1903-1997) was a fellow of All Souls College, University of Oxford. The general editor of the

Oxford Shakespeare, he achieved worldwide fame when he claimed the elusive Dark Lady of the sonnets was Emilia Lanier. He published more than ninety books of history, poems, biography, and criticism, including The Expansion of Elizabethan England. 罗斯是当代英国首屈一指的文史学者，著作丰硕，纵横文学与史学两大领域。其史学作品有文学旨趣，而其文学著作又有史家见识，尤其擅长用传记来构筑断代史，为著名的伊丽莎白王朝学者，他的英国伊丽莎白社会历史三部曲（1950-1971）著作更是有口皆碑，他也写了好几部丘吉尔家族传，所以他的史学情怀可谓贯通古今。

历史的思考方式有两种。其一，历史作为审视其他事物的一种方式，其实仅为所有事物暂时的面貌，从整个宇宙到正在书写的笔尖。每一样事物都有它的历史。宇宙也有它的历史，要是我们知道的话—虽然我们所知有限，总算知道一些；仔细想一下，宇宙和这笔尖，其间的差异也不是那么大。但即使仅是这笔尖也有一段历史。首先，透过它便有写出来的东西，而这些可能相当重要。毕竟莎士比亚戏剧《哈姆雷特》也只靠一两支鹅毛笔便完成了。通过笔尖所写出来的变成了它自身的历史。此外，还有制造过程的历史：我这支笔尖其实是英国艾斯塔布禄克(Esterbrook)厂牌314号凸版型产品，专门供应米特兰银行用品，我是从那儿取得的—或许应该说是银行的赠品。在这笔尖的背后有一连串的制造过程……。故此，这笔尖蕴含了一个宇宙，而它的历史也蕴含了它自身的历史。我们可以把这种审视的方式看作—历史就是所有事物的设计面貌：一支笔尖、宇宙、眼前我写作的领域…...作为历史的相对观念。其二，则为我们称作实质观念的历史，就是我们通常所说的，历史本身作为一个研究科目。

英语名篇名段背诵精华23 The Study of Words学习词汇的重要性

“你老板的词汇量比你的词汇量大。这是他为什么会成为你老板的一个重要原因。”作者认为每天花15分钟时间记单词的人，才会有丰富得体的表达能力，因此词汇能让你卓越不凡！

That if your vocabulary is limited your chances of success are limited.

That one of the easiest and quickest ways to get ahead is by consciously building up your knowledge of words. That the vocabulary of the average person almost stops growing by the middle twenties. And that from then on it is necessary to have an intelligent plan if progress is to be made. No haphazard hit-or-miss methods will do.

...

The study of words is not merely something that has to do with literature. Words are your tools of thought. You can't even think at all without them. Try it. If you are planning to go down town this afternoon you will find that you are saying to yourself: "I think I will go down town this afternoon." You can't make such a simple decision as this without using words.

Without words you could make no decisions and from no judgments whatsoever. A pianist may have the most beautiful tunes in his head, but if he had only five keys on his piano he would never get more than a fraction of these tunes out.

Your words are your keys for your thoughts. And the more words you have at your command the deeper, clearer and more accurate will be your thinking.

A command of English will not only improve the processes of your mind. It will give you assurance; build your

self-confidence; lend color to your personality; increase your popularity. Your words are your personality. Your

vocabulary is you. And your words are all that we, your friends, have to know and judge you by. You have no other medium for telling us your thoughts--for convincing us, persuading us, giving us orders.

Except from Give us 15 Minutes a Day by Wilfred Funk & Norman Lewis 注释

literature [′lit?rit??]: 文学（作品），文艺，著作，文献

convince [k?n′vins]: to bring by the use of argument or evidence to firm belief or a course of action使确信，使信服

作者简介

Wilfred Funk威尔弗雷德.芬克，词典编辑家、出版家、作家；Norman Lewis诺曼.刘易斯，纽约州立大学的英语指导教师，1942年合作发表《三十天获取更有力的词汇量》(Thirty Days to a More Powerful Vocabulary)一书。该书是美国出版史上最为畅销的“自学手册”之一。

如果你的词汇量不大，你成功的机会也就不多。

最简洁而又最迅速的改进方法之一就是有意识地扩大你的词汇知识。

普通人的词汇量到了二十五六岁就几乎停止增长了。从那以后要想继续增加词汇量就必须有一个精心设计的计划。随意安排的、漫无目的的计划是不起作用的。

词汇学习并非只是某种与文学有关的事情。词汇是思维的工具。没有了词汇你甚至根本无法思维。你可以试一试。如果你打算今天下午进城，你会发现你在对自己说：“我想今天下午我要进趟城。”不借助词的话，你连这样一个简单的决定也作不了。

没有词汇你什么决定也作不了，什么判断也作不成。一位钢琴家的脑中可能想到了一首美妙的曲子，但是如果他的钢琴上只有五个音键的话，他永远也只能演奏出这首曲子的一些破碎的片段。

你的词汇是你思维的关键。你所掌握的词汇越多，你的思想就越深邃、越清晰、越准确。

掌握英语不仅可以改进你的思维方式，它还给你信心，令你自信，带给你鲜明的个性，使你更受欢迎。你的用词反映了你的个性。所谓词如其人。

作为你的朋友，我们大家都是从你的言辞中来了解你和评价你的。除此以外，你无法用别的什么交际手段来告诉我们你的想法—无法使我们信服，无法劝服我们，无法给我们下达命令。

英语名篇名段背诵精华24 Did You Deal With Fortune Fairly 你对命运公平吗

你是否感叹过命运对你不公？你是否从未想过—站在命运的立场上—问问自己：你对命运公平吗？

Most people complain of fortune, few of nature; and the kinder they think the latter has been to them, the more they murmur at what they call the injustice of the former.

Why have not I the riches, the rank, the power, of such and such, is the common expostulation with fortune; but why have not I the merit, the talents, the wit, or the beauty, of such and such others, is a reproach rarely or never made to nature.

The truth is, that nature, seldom profuse, and seldom niggardly, has distributed her gifts more equally than she is generally supposed to have done. Education and situation make the great difference. Culture improves, and occasions elicit, natural talents. I make no doubt but that there are potentially, if I may use that pedantic word, many Bacons, Lockes, Newtons, Caesars, Cromwells, and Mariboroughs at the ploughtail, behind counters, and, perhaps, even among the nobility; but the soil must be cultivated, and the season favourable, for the fruit to have all its spirit and flavour.

If sometimes our common parent has been a little partial, and not kept the scales quite even; if one preponderates too much, we throw into the lighter a due counterpoise of vanity, which never fails to set all right. Hence it happens, that hardly any one man would, without reverse, and in every particular, change with any other.

Though all are thus satisfied with the dispensations of nature, how few listen to her voice! How to follow her as a guide! In vain she points out to us the plain and direct way to truth, vanity, fancy, affection, and fashion assume her shape, and wind us through fairy-ground to folly and error.

Except from Upon Affectation by Lord Chesterfield 注释

niggardly [′nig?dli]: grudging and petty in giving or spending吝啬的，小气的

pedantic [pi′d?ntik]: characterized by a narrow, often ostentatious concern for book learning and formal rules 迂腐的，学究式的

preponderate [pri′p?nd?reit]: to be greater than something else, as in power, force, quantity, or importance占优势的，超过，胜过

counterpoise [′kaunt?p?iz]: 平均，平衡

dispensation [?dispen′sei??n]: the act of dispensing分配

作者简介

Lord Chesterfield (1694-1773), English statesman and author. A noted wit and orator, his long public career, begun in 1715, included an ambassadorship to The Hague (1728-1732), a seat in Parliament, and a

successful tenure as lord lieutenant of Ireland (1745-1746). His literary fame rests upon his letters to his illegitimate son, Philip Stanhope (first pub. 1774), designed for the education of a young man, and upon his letters to his godson. 切斯特菲尔德勋爵，英国著名政治家、外交家及文学家。他曾就读于剑桥大学，并游学欧洲大陆，1726年继承爵位，1728年出使荷兰，曾任爱尔兰总督及国务大臣等职位。并与他同时代的文学家波普、艾略特、爱迪生、斯威夫特等国王甚密。切斯特菲尔德勋爵留给世人最宝贵的财富，是他集几十年的心血，写个儿子菲利普.斯坦霍普及教子的信。在他的谆谆教诲下，其子也成为一名杰出的外交家。

很多人抱怨命运，却很少有人抱怨自然；人们越是认为自然对他们仁爱有加，便越是嘀咕命运对他们的所谓不公。人们常常对命运发出诘难：我为何没有财富、地位、权力以及诸如此类的东西；但人们却很少或从不这样责怪过自然：我为何没有长处、天赋、机智或美丽以及诸如此类的东西。

事实是，自然总是将天赋公平地分配给人们，比人们通常认为的还要不偏不倚，很少过分地慷慨，也很少吝啬。人与人之间的巨大差异是由于教育和环境使然。文化修养改良了天赋，机遇环境诱发了天赋。如果允许我用“潜在的”这个学究味浓重的词的话，我们并不怀疑在农田耕作，在柜台后营业，甚至在豪门贵族中间有很多潜在的培根们、洛克们、牛顿们、凯撒们、克伦威尔们和马尔伯勒们；但是要使果实具有它全部的品质和风味，还必须有耕耘过的泥土，必须有适宜的季节。

倘若大自然有时候有那么一点偏心，没有将天平摆正；倘若有一头过重，我们就会在轻的一头投上一枚大小适当的虚荣的砝码，它每次都会将天平重新调平，从不出差错。因此就出现了这种情况：几乎没有人会毫无保留地和另一个人里里外外全部对换一下。

虽然对于自然的分配，人人都感到满意；然而肯听听她的忠告的人却是如此之少!能将她当作向导而跟随其后的人又是如此之少!她徒然地为我们指出一条通向真理的笔直的坦途；而虚荣、幻想、矫情、时髦却俨然以她的面貌出现，暗中将我们引向虚幻的歧途，走向愚笨和谬误。

英语名篇名段背诵精华25 The Lesson of a Tree一棵树的启示

一棵树默默无闻地生存奉献,而人们却能从中获取丰富的人生哲理......

I should not take either the biggest or the most picturesque tree to illustrate it. Here is one of my favorites now before me, a fine yellow poplar, quite straight, perhaps 90 feet high, and four thick at the butt. How strong, vital, enduring! How dumbly eloquent! What suggestions of imperturbability and being, as against the human trait of mere seeming. Then the qualities, almost emotional, palpably artistic, heroic, of a tree; so innocent and harmless, yet so savage. It is, yet says nothing. How it rebukes by its tough and equable serenity all weathers, this

gusty-temper’d little whiffet, man that runs indoors at a mite of rain or snow. Science (or rather half-way science) scoffs at reminiscence of dryad and hamadryad, and of trees speaking. But, if they don’t, they do as well as most speaking, writing, poetry, sermons—or rather they do a great deal better. I should say indeed that those old

dryad-reminiscences are quite as true as any, and profounder than most reminiscences we get. (“Cut this out,” as the quack mediciners say, and keep by you.) Go and sit in a grove or woods, with one or more of those voiceless companions, and read the foregoing, and think.

One lesson from affiliating a tree—perhaps the greatest moral lesson anyhow from earth, rocks, animals, is that same lesson of inherency, of what is, without the least regard to what the looker-on (the critic) supposes or says, or whether he likes or dislikes. What worse—what more general malady pervades each and all of us, our literature,

education, attitude toward each other, (even toward ourselves,) than a morbid trouble about seems, (generally temporarily seems too,) and no trouble at all, or hardly any, about the sane, slow-growing, perennial, real parts of character, books, friendship, marriage—humanity’s invisible foundations and hold-together?

by Walter Whitman

注释

imperturbability [′imp?(:)?t?:b?′biliti]: 沉着冷静，泰然自若

the human trait of mere seeming: 人生的浮华表象

gusty-tempered little whiffed: 无用的小东西

scoff [sk?f]: to mock at or treat with derision讽刺，嘲笑

malady [′m?l?di]: a disease, a disorder, or an ailment疾病

pervade [p?(:)′veid]: to be present throughout; permeate充斥于，弥漫

perennial [p?′renj?l]: active through the year; enduring终年的；持久的

作者简介

Walter Whitman (1819-1892) was an American poet. Considered by many to be the greatest of all American poets, Walt Whitman celebrated the freedom and dignity of the individual and sang the praises of democracy and the brotherhood of man. His Leaves of Grass, unconventional in both content and technique, is probably the most influential volume of poems in the history of American literature. 瓦尔特.惠特曼，19世纪美国最伟大的诗人之一。他费时37年，历经九次改版，才成就《草叶集》这本不朽诗集。他的写作风格清新质朴，其诗文不拘于格律，思想自由奔放，鼓舞人心，又能从变化无常的世事中，直指生命的真谛。作品不但是美国文学的瑰宝，同时也受到全世界读者的喜爱。

我不会列举最直耸云天或者最绚烂夺目的树来说明这个问题。现在我面前的是一颗我最爱的树，一颗茂盛的黄白杨，树干笔直，可能有九十英尺高，最粗的地方有四英尺宽。多么强壮，多么生机勃勃，多么坚忍不拔！多么口若悬河，而又默默无闻！这是沉着冷静、存在即真的表现，与人仅仅注重外表的性格恰恰相反。一棵树情感丰富，艺术感唾手可得，英雄气十足；天真无知，无心害人，而又冷酷无情。一棵树具备这些气质，却从不言语。树以坚强和一如既往的平静指责所有雨雪阴晴天气，大风来袭也只是轻轻摇曳，只要有一丝雨水或者一片雪花，人们就会跑进室内。科学（或者伪科学）嘲笑人们回忆森林女神和树神，嘲笑树间的轻语。但是，如果他们不介意，他们同样可以讲演，可以写作，可以吟诗，可以布道—或者他们可以做得更好。我应该说这些古老的回忆的确千真万确，比我们所作的大多数追忆更加深刻。（“把树切断”，庸医说这话的时候，你把树据为己有。）坐在小树林或者森林中，与这些默默无语的朋友相伴，回忆往事，陷入沉思。

追溯一棵树的根源得到的启示—也许从土地、岩石、动物身上获得的最伟大的道德启示同样是内在属性，无论旁观者（评论家）如何猜想或者评论，无论他喜欢抑或厌恶，都坚守自己的初衷。更糟糕的是—我们之间常常出现的流行疾病，我们的文学、教育、待人态度（甚至待己态度）之间常常出现的问题好疾病一样看起来不会造成困难，或者根本就没有困难，只是健全的、慢慢生长的、终年存在的人性本质，书籍、友情、婚姻的本质—人类无形的根基，紧紧地连接在一起？

英语名篇名段背诵精华26 The joys of writing 写作的快乐

写作是一种快乐，但并不是每一个人都能享受这种快乐。丘吉尔把写作当作一种快乐，当作对生活幸福的消化。把自己的心捧到纸上，去寻找和呼唤遥远的共鸣。以一张素纸遮起人所有的羞怯，痛快淋漓地倾诉自己。

The fortunate people in the world—the only really fortunate people in the world, in my mind, -- are those whose work is also their pleasure. The class is not a large one, not nearly so large as it is often represented to be; and authors are perhaps one of the most important elements in its composition. They enjoy in this respect at least a real harmony of life. To my mind, to be able to make your work your pleasure is the one class distinction in the world worth striving for; and I do not wonder that others are inclined to envy those happy human beings who find their livelihood in the gay effusions of their fancy, to whom every hour of labour is an hour of enjoyment, to whom repose—however necessary—is a tiresome interlude. And even a holiday is almost deprivation. Whether a man writes well or ill, has much to say or little, if he cares about writing at all, he will appreciate the pleasures of

composition. To sit at one's table on a sunny morning, with four clear hours of uninterruptible security, plenty of nice white paper, and a Squeezer pen—that is true happiness. The complete absorption of the mind upon an agreeable occupation—what more is there than that to desire? What does it matter what happens outside？The House of Commons may do what it likes, and so may the House of Lords. The heathen may rage furiously in every part of the globe. The bottom may be knocked clean out of the American market. Consols may fall and suffragettes may rise. Never mind, for four hours, at any rate, we will withdraw ourselves from a common, ill-governed, and disorderly world, and with the key of fancy unlock that cupboard where all the good things of the infinite are put away.

By Winston Churchill 注释

in the gay effusions of their fancy: 在思如泉涌的想象中

interlude [′int?(:)?lu:d]: 插曲

deprivation [depri′vei??n]: the act or an instance of depriving; loss剥夺，丧失

heathen [′hi:e?n]: 异教徒

consols [k?n′s?lz]: 统一公债（由英国政府1751年开始发行的长期债券）

作者简介

Winston

Churchill (1874-1965), was educated at Harrow and Sandhurst. After a brief but eventful career in the army, he became a Conservative Member of Parliament in 1900. He is best known for his stubbornness yet courageous leadership as Prime Minister for Great Britain when he led the British people from the brink of defeat during World War II. 温斯顿.丘吉尔，两次任英国首相，保守党领袖。在第二次世界大战期间，带领英国人民取得反法西斯战争伟大胜利的民族英雄，是与斯大林、罗斯福并立的“三巨头”之一，是耸立于世界史册上的一代伟人。丘吉尔在文学上有很深的造诣，于1953年获得诺贝尔文学奖。

在我看来，世上幸运的人—世上唯一真正幸运的人，是那些以工作为乐的人。这类人并不多，还没有人们常说的那样多。而且，作家是其中最重要的组成部分之一。及幸运而言，他们至少享受着生活中真正的和谐之美。

我觉得能使工作成为乐趣，是世人值得为之奋斗的一种崇高的荣誉；而且，我相信别人会羡慕这些幸福的人，因为他们在快乐的幻想中找到了生活之路，对他们来说，每劳动一小时，就是享受一小时，而休息—无论多么有必要—是令人讨厌的插曲，甚至度假也几乎成为了一种损失。无论写得好坏，写成多少，只要有心计，就可尝到谋章布局的乐趣。在一个阳光明媚的早晨，临桌而坐，整整四个小时不受打扰，有足够数量的洁白稿纸，还有一支“挤压式”妙笔—那才叫真正的幸福。全心全意地投入一项令人愉快的职业—此愿足矣！外面发生什么事又有何妨？下院想干什么就干什么吧，上院也可如此。异教徒可以在全球各地大发疯狂。美国市场可以彻底崩溃。证券可以下跌；女权运动可以兴起。没有关系，不管怎么说，我们有四个小时可以躲开这俗气的、管理不善的、杂乱无章的世界，并且用想象这把钥匙，去开启藏有大千世界一切宝物的小橱。

英语名篇名段背诵精华27 Three passions 三种激情

三种激情，质朴而又十分强烈，一直支配着我的人生，即对爱的渴望、对知识的求索和对人类苦难的无限怜悯。当我读到这一句，我就深深为之吸引了。

Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.

I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy -- ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness -- that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what -- at last --I have found.

With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.

Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.

This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.

Except from What I Have Lived For by Bertrand Russell 注释

Unbearable无法忍受的

hither and thither到处

wayward人性的

anguish痛苦，苦恼

verge边缘

ecstasy [′ekst?si]: intense joy or delight欣喜若狂

unfathomable [?n′f?e?m?bl]: difficult or impossible to understand; incomprehensible深不可测的

abyss深渊

miniature [′minj?t??]: 缩影，缩图

prefigure预示，设想

reverberate反响

oppressor压迫者

mockery嘲笑

alleviate减轻

Pythagorean [pai?θ?g?′ri:?n]: 毕达哥拉斯式的

flux [fl?ks]: constant or frequent change; fluctuation不断变化，波动

famine [′f?min]: severe hunger; starvation极度饥饿；饥饿

作者简介

Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) was a British philosopher and popularizer and historian of philosophy, mathematician (leading exponent of Logicism), pacifist (jailed for 6 months in 1918 anticonscription campaign) and Fabian socialist; leader of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, co-organiser of International War Crimes Tribunal convened in 1966 to focus opposition to US war in Vietnam. He won the Nobel Prize for literature, famous in China for his History of Western Philosophy and was the co-author of Principia Mathematic. 罗素，20世纪著名的数学家、逻辑学家和哲学家。无数人将罗素视为这个时代的先知，而与此同时罗素的许多政治立场却有是十分有争议性的。他出生于1872年正值巅峰的大英帝国，逝于1970年，此时的英国已经历两次世界大战的摧残，帝国已经土崩瓦解。

有三种质朴而又十分强烈的激情一直支配着我的人生，这就是对爱的渴望、对知识的求索和对人类苦难的无限怜悯。这三种激情，有如狂飙挟我四海漂泊，游移不定，直至苦海的深渊，濒临绝望的边缘。

我寻求爱，首先在于爱能带来狂喜—它是如此令人心醉神迷，我愿舍弃余生来换取在片刻的欢乐；我寻求爱，还因为爱你消除孤独—那种当一个颤抖的灵魂从世界的边缘透视那冰冷、荒凉的无尽深渊时感到的那种孤独；此外，我所以寻求爱，还因为在爱的交融中，我看见了圣者和诗人所预想的天堂景象的神秘缩影，这正是我心中之所求，虽然人生似乎难臻此境，我最终却不负所求。

我怀着同样的激情来探索知识。我希望能够理解众人之心，我渴望了解星星缘何闪光，我也曾努力领会毕达哥拉斯赋予数的力量—主宰万物流变之力。我虽未创斐然之绩，却也还算小有所成。

爱和知识竭力引导着我超凡入圣，但怜悯又把我拉回了凡尘。声声悲号在我心中回响不绝。饥饿的孩子、惨遭压迫的苦难者、因依附儿子而被视为可憎重负的无助老人以及整个孤独、贫闲好痛苦的世界是对人们理想人生的嘲讽。我渴望减轻罪恶，却又无能为力，我也同样感到痛苦。

这就是我的人生。我觉得自己并未虚度此生，若有可能，我将欣然再一次度过如此人生。

英语名篇名段背诵精华28 The Americans美国人

每个民族都有其独特的性格，人们常常谈及英国人的矜持、法国人的浪漫、中国人的含蓄等等，同样，美国人的性格也有去自身的特点。

Americans are a peculiar people. They work like mad, then give away much of what they earn. They play until they are exhausted, and call this a vacation. They live to think of themselves as tough-minded businessmen, yet they are pushovers for any hard luck story. They have the biggest of nearly everything including government, motor cars and debts, yet they are afraid of bigness. They are always trying to chip away at big government, big business, big unions, big influence. They like to think of themselves as little people, average men, and they would like to cut everything down to their own size. Yet they boast of their tall buildings, high mountains, long rivers, big state, the best country, the best world, the best heaven. They also have the most traffic deaths, the most waste, the most racketeering.

When they meet, they are always telling each other, "Take it easy," then they rush off like crazy in opposite directions. They play games as if they were fighting a war, and fight wars as if playing a game. They marry more, go broke more often, and make more money than any other people. They love children, animals, gadgets, mother, work, excitement, noise, nature, television shows, comedy, installment buying, fast motion, spectator sports, the underdog, the flag, Christmas, jazz, shapely women and muscular men, classical recordings, crowds, comics, cigarettes, warm houses in winter and cool ones in summer, thick beefsteaks, coffee, ice cream, informal dress, plenty of running water, do-it-yourself, and a working week trimmed to forty hours or less.

They crowd their highways with cars while complaining about the traffic, flock to movies and television while griping about the quality and the commercials, go to church but don't care much for sermons, and drink too much in the hope of relaxing －only to find themselves stimulated to even bigger dreams.

There is of course, no typical American. But if you added them all together and then divided by 226,000,000 they would look something like what this chapter has tried to portray.

Excerpt from Why We Behave Like Americans by Bradford Smith 注释

tough-minded: 铁石心肠

pushovers [′pu??uv?(r)]: 人员为之打动的人，有恻隐之心的人

chip away: 削减，减少

racketeering [?r?ki′ti?ri?]: 敲诈勒索

作者简介

Bradford Smith (1909-1964), the author of Why We Behave Like Americans, The Seasoned Mind.布拉德福德.史密斯所概括的美国人的形象被人们广泛引用。

美国人是一个独树一帜的民族。他们疯狂地工作，然后把赚来的钱大笔大笔花掉，玩到精疲力竭，并把这称为度假。他们喜欢把自己当作坚强的职场中人，但是他们也会碰到很多不顺心的事情。他们所拥有的东西几乎一切都是最大的，政府，汽车和债务，但是他们又惧怕庞大。他们总是试图逃离大的政府，拆散大公司，脱离大联盟，摆脱大影响。他们喜欢把自己看作渺小的普通人，总是把所有事简化到原来大小。但是他们总是自诩拥有高楼大厦、耸立的高山、绵延的河流、面积广大的州、最幸福的国度、最舒适的天堂。他们也有最多的交通死亡人数、最大的浪费、最猖狂的诈骗。

见面后，他们常常告诉对方“放轻松点”，然后疯一样地朝相反的方向奔去。他们玩游戏就像打仗，打仗就像玩游戏。他们比其他人结婚的次数更多，离婚更多，赚的钱更多。他们喜欢孩子、动物、小玩意、母亲、工作、兴奋、噪音、自然、健美的男子、经典唱片、热闹、漫画、香烟、冬暖夏凉的房子、厚厚的牛排、咖啡、冰淇淋、休闲服饰、自来水一直淌着、自己动手、一周工作时间限制在40小时以内。

他们开车聚集在高速公路上，抱怨交通堵塞，三五成群地奔向电影院，坐在电视机前，埋怨节目质量和广告，做礼拜，但是并不专心布道，喝很多酒寻求放松—结果却发现自己受到鼓舞追求更大的梦想。

当然没有典型的美国人。但是如果把所有的美国人加在一起，然后除以226,000,000，美国人就会表现出这章所描绘的模样。

节选自布拉德福德所著《为什么我们的举止象美国人》

英语名篇名段背诵精华29 The English and the American 英国人和美国人

美国人类学家霍尔(Edward T. Hall)认为影响文化的主要因素有：时间、空间和情境（指文化资源对情境依存的相关性，包括语言、宗教、政治、历史、习俗、地域、价值观等子要素）。让我们看看英国人和美国人会有怎样的文化差异。

The contrasting English and American patterns have some remarkable implications, particularly if we assume that man, like other animals, has a built-in need to shut himself off from others from time to time. An English student in one of my seminars typified what happens when hidden patterns clash. He was quite obviously experiencing strain in his relationships with Americans. Nothing seemed to go right and it was quite clear from his remarks that we did not know how to behave. An analysis of his complaints showed that a major source of irritation was that no American seemed to be able to pick up the subtle clues that there were times when he didn’t want his thoughts intruded on. As he start ed it, “I’m walking around the apartment and it seems that whenever I want to be alone my roommate starts talking to me. Pretty soon he’s asking ‘What’s the matter?’ and wants to know if I’m angry. By then I am angry and say something.”

It took some time but finally we were able to identify most of the contrasting features of the American and Britain problems that were in conflict in this case. When the American wants to be alone he goes into a room and shuts the door---he depends on architectural features for screening. For an American to refuse to talk to someone else present in the same room, to give them the “silent treatment” is the ultimate form of rejection and a sure sign of great displeasure. The English, on the other hand, lacking rooms of their own since childhood, never developed the practice of using space as a refuge from others. They have in effect internalized a set of barriers, which they erect and which others are supposed to recognize. Therefore, the more the Englishman shuts himself off when he is with an American the more likely the American is to break in to assure himself that all is well. Tension lasts until the two get to know each other. The important point is that the spatial and architectural needs of each are not the same at all.

By Edward T. Hall 注释

pick up the subtle clues: 心领神会

the ultimate form of rejection: 最严厉的拒绝方式

shut off: 分开，与人隔开

spatial [′spei??l]: 空间的，占据空间的

作者简介

Edward T. Hall (1914-) is an anthropologist. The foundation for his lifelong research on cultural perceptions of space was laid during World War II when he served in the U. S. Army in Europe and the Philippines. Hall is most associated with proxemics, the study of the human use of space within the context of culture. He has published numerous practical and academic books on cross-cultural communication. 爱德华. T. 霍尔，美国作家兼人类学家。一直都在研究人类对其周围空间的反应。他在研究人类个人空间的时候，创造了一个所谓领域学的新名词用来定义这个理论。霍尔博士提出一般人常用的四种界限：亲密距离（0-45cm）；私人距离（45-75cm）；礼貌距离（120-210cm）和一般距离（360-750cm或更远）。

英美人的对比模式有一些显而易见的特征，如果我们假定人像其他动物一样有固定的需要经常把自己保护起来，免受他人打扰，这些特征就更为明显。在我的一个研讨会上，一位英国学生的行为突出表现了当潜在的模式发生碰撞时可能出现的情况。他与美国人在一起时非常紧张。看起来一切都乱套了，显然他的话里的意思是我们美国人不懂如何与人相处。对其抱怨的分析结果表明，他恼羞成怒的主要原因是，当他不希望别人对他的想法进行攻击时，美国人似乎并没有理解他时不时给出的细微暗示。他说，“我在公寓里踱步，只要我想独处，我的室友就开始跟我讲话。很快，他就问我‘你怎么了？’，想知道我是不是生气。这个时候，我就大发雷霆，吵起来。”

虽然花了一些时间，但是最后我们发现英美人之间的大多数突出问题就是类似这样的冲突。当美国人想独处时，他就会走进房间，关上房门—他依赖建筑特征与外人隔离。对美国人来说，拒绝与在同一个房间的另外一个人

讲话，对其他人“漠然视之”是最严重的拒绝方式，也是极度不高兴的明显表现。然而英国人从孩提时代开始就没有自己的房间，从来不会把空间作为远离他人的避难所。他们内在形成了一套屏障，这由他们建立，并且希望他人能够了解。因此，英国人与美国人在一起时，越封闭自己，美国人越确定一切都很正常。直到相互之间了解，这种紧张关系才会得以缓和。关键在于英美人之间的空间和建筑需要根本就完全不一样。

英语名篇名段背诵精华30 Advice to Youth 忠告年轻人

刚刚走上社会的年轻人，充满了蓄势待发的豪情、青春的朝气、前卫的思想，梦想着轰轰烈烈的事业。可是，社会毕竟是一所包罗万象、喧嚣复杂的大学校，拒绝虚假和肤浅，更拒绝空想和庸碌。如何在涉世之初少走弯路，有一个好的开端，开始一番成功的事业》？

Being told I would be expected to talk here, I inquired what sort of talk I ought to make. They said it should be something suitable to youth-something didactic, instructive, or something in the nature of good advice. Very well. I have a few things in my mind which I have often longed to say for the instruction of the young; for it is in one’s tender early years that such things will best take root and be most enduring and most valuable. First, then, I will say to you, my young friends—and I say it beseechingly, urgingly— always obey your parents, when they are present. This is the best policy in th e long run, because if you don’t, they will make you. Most parents think they know better than you do, and you can generally make more by humoring that superstition than you can by acting on your own better judgment.

Be respectful to your superiors, if you have any, also to strangers, and sometimes to others. If a person offend you, and you are in doubt as to whether it was intentional or not, do not resort to extreme measures; simply watch your chance and hit him with a brick. That will be sufficient. If you shall find that he had not intended any offense, come out frankly and confess yourself in the wrong when you struck him; acknowledge it like a man and say you didn’t mean to. Yes, always avoid violence; in this age of charity and kindliness, the time has gone by for such things. Leave dynamite to the low and unrefined.

Go to bed early, get up early- this is wise. Some authorities say get up with the sun; some say get up with one thing, others with another. But a lark is really the best thing to get up with. It gives you a splendid reputation with everybody to know that you get up with the lark; and if you get the right kind of lark, and work at him right, you can easily train him to get up at half past nine, every time—it’s no trick at all.

By Mark Twain 注释

beseechingly [bi′si:t?′?li]: 恳求地

superstition [?sju:p?′sti??n]: 迷信

dynamite [′dain?mait]: 炸药，充满火药味的（东西）

lark [la:k]: 云雀，百灵鸟，rise with the lark（习语）早起

作者简介

Mark Twain (1835-1910), an American writer, whose sharp wit has entertained many readers for over a century. Throughout his whole life, he tasted misfortune and sadness. But he never lost his humour towards life. His adventures give the reader a picture of American life along the Mississippi before the American Civil War. 马克.吐温，美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，世界著名的短篇小说大师。他经历了美国从自由资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调侃到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段。其作品文字清新有力，审视角度自然而独特，被视为美国文学史上具划时代意义的现实主义著作。

被告知将要在此演讲，我询问应该说哪种话才合适宜。他们说我演讲的内容应该适合年轻人—具有教育意义，或者能提出些善意的忠告。正如，我脑中有一些想法，一直希望能表达出来，对年轻人进行教育；因为在年轻时，这些事情最能深扎心底，最为持久，最为珍贵。首先，我要告诉你们，我年轻的朋友—我恳切地说，当父母在世时，永远遵从他们的要求，从长远来看这是最佳法则，因为你不这样做，他们也会迫使你去做。大部分父母认为，他们比你了解得更多，一般来说相信这一点会比照自己的判断行事更奏效。

尊敬长辈（若家中有老人），尊重陌生人，有时也要尊重他人。如果有人攻击你，你要考虑清楚人家是有意还是无意的，不要采取极端措施；仅仅看准时机，用砖头予以回击，这样足矣。如果你发现他并非有心攻击你，

那么你坦率地承认自己打他是不应该的；像个男子汉承认自己并不是有意的。是的，应该避免诉诸暴力行为；在与人为善、厚道谦和的年代，为这种事情计较的同时，时间也会慢慢流逝。让身份低贱、没有受过教育的人去动手动脚吧。

早睡早起—这是明智之举。有些权威人士说与日同起，有些人说与这样事物同起，有些人说与那样事物同起。但是百灵鸟真的是最佳的同起之物。所有人知道你伴着百灵鸟起床，你会因此声名鹊起：如果你得到合适的百灵鸟，用正确的方法调教，那么可以轻易地训练它在九点半起床，每次—不骗你。

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The road to success It is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinate positions. Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrust upon them at the very threshold of their business lives sweeping out of the office. I notice we have janitors and janitresses now in offices, and our young men unfortunately miss that salutary branch of business education. But if by chance the professional sweeper is absent any morning, the boy who has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom. It does not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office if necessary. I was one of those sweepers myself. Assuming that you have all obtained employment and are fairly start ed, my advice to you is “aim high”. I would not give a fig for the young man who does not already see himself the partner or the head of an important firm. Do not rest content for a moment in your thoughts as head clerk, or foreman, or general manager in any concern, no matter how extensive. Say to yourself, “my place is at the top”. Be king in your dreams. And there is the prime condition of success, the great secret: concentrate your energy, thought, and capital exclusively upon the business in which you are engaged. Having begun in one line, resolve to fight it out on the line, to lead in it, adopt every improvement, have the best machinery, and know the most about it. The concerns which fail are those which have scattered their capital, which means that they have scattered their brains also. They have investments in this, or that, or the other, here, there, and everywhere. “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” is all wrong. I tell you to “put all your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket.” Look round you and take notice, men who do that not often fail. It is easy to watch and carry too many baskets that break most eggs in this country. He who carries three baskets must put one on his head, which is apt to tumble and trip him up. One fault of the American businessman is lack of concentration. To summarize what I have said: aim for the highest; never enter a bar room; do not touch liquor, or if at all only at meals; never speculate; never indorse beyond your surplus cash fund; make the

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第一篇：一位伟大的朋友A Great Friend As I am now a senior high school student, I have a great many friends, but there is one whom I prize over all the rest. I first made his acquaintance when I began to go to school. He has been my constant companion ever since. Though he is serious in appearance, he never fails to be interesting. Often he is clever, sometimes even merry and gay. He is the most knowledgeable friend a person could have. He knows virtually every language of the world, all the events of history, and the words of all the great poets and philosophers. A kindly benefactor, he is admired and enjoyed by everyone who makes his acquaintance. To me, he has been a great teacher as well as a friend. He first taught me the secrets of my own language and then those of others. With these keys he showed us how to unlock all the arts and sciences of man. My friend is endlessly patient. Dull though I may be, I can return to him again and again, and he is always ready to teach me. When I am bored, he entertains me. When I am dispirited, he lifts me up. When I am lonely, he keeps me company. He is a friend not only to me but to millions around the world. Shall I tell you his name? His name is “reading”. 第一篇：翻译 由于我现在是高中生，因此有许多朋友，但我最看重其中的一位。我一开始求学就认识他了。从此以后他便是我永远不变的朋友。 虽然他外表严肃，但他总是令人感兴趣。他经常挺聪明的，有时甚至是一付欢喜愉快的模样。他是我们最有学问的朋友。世界各国的语言，历史上所有的大事，以及所有伟大的诗人与哲学家的话语，他几乎无所不知。他是个乐善好施的大好人，认识他的每个人都赞赏与喜欢他。 对我而言，他一直是位伟大的老师也是朋友。他先教会我母语的奥秘，而后是其他的语言。借着这些秘决，他教我们如何开启人类所有的艺术与科学之门。 我的朋友有无限的耐心。虽然我可能很迟钝，但我可以一再地求助于他，而他也随时准备着教导我。当我感到厌烦时，他会逗我开心。当我气馁时，他会使我振作起来。当我孤独时，他会陪伴我。他不只是我的朋友，同时也是世界各地成千上万人的朋友。要我告诉你他的名字吗？他的名字是“阅读”。 1、not only...but also... 不但...而且 2、acquaintance [?'kweint?ns] n. knowledge of a person acquired by a relationship less intimate than friendship 认识，相识，了解 makes one’s acquaintance 认识 3、benefactor ['benif?kt?] n. one that gives aid, especially financial aid 恩人，赞助人 4、dispirited [dis'piritid] adj. sad, depressed 气馁的，沮丧的 5、entertain [,ent?'tein] v 招待 6、gay [ɡei] adj. 快乐的；放荡的n. 同性恋者 7、company ['k?mp(?)ni] n. 公司；陪伴，同伴vi. 交往vt. 陪伴

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