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2020年春牛津译林版英语八年级下册—-Unit4知识点梳理

2020年春牛津译林版英语八年级下册—-Unit4知识点梳理
2020年春牛津译林版英语八年级下册—-Unit4知识点梳理

Unit 4 A good read

Comic strip & Welcome to the unit

1.词组梳理

a good read 一本好的读物

decide to do sth. 决定做某事

what to do= how to do it 做什么

give them to me= give me them 把他们给我

have to do sth. 不得不做某事

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reach the box 够得着

complete a survey on reading habits 完成一个关于阅读习惯的调查

a book about Germany 一本关于德国的书

World War II 第二次世界大战

be interested in sth. 对某事感兴趣

improve my knowledge of the past 提高我对过去的认识

in your spare time 在你空闲的时间里

novels and plays 小说和戏剧

a novel by the French writer 一本由法国作家写的小说

the ugly man 这个丑陋的人

touch sb. 使某人很感动

2. ---Have you decided what to do with these books,Hobo霍波,你决定怎样处理这些书了吗

---Not yet.还没有。

decide (to do) sth.意为“决定(去做)某事”。

what to do with与how to do的区别

what to do with中的what不可以换成how,how 一般和deal with搭配。

I don't know what to do with my old bike.

=I don't know how to deal with my old bike.我不知道如何处理我的旧自行车。not yet意为“还没有”,相当于“No,I haven't.”。

3. Give them to me then.那么把它们给我。

“把某物给某人”可以用give sb. sth.或give sth. to sb.,但当两个宾语都是人称代词时只能用give sth. to sb.的形式。同样用法的有show,pass等。

Please give it to me.请把它给我。

4. Oh yes. I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge. 哦,对了。我必须用它们够到冰箱上的盒子。

reach用作动词时意为“到达,伸出;触及,够到”。

They reached London on Friday.他们星期五到达伦敦。

I can't reach the cup on the table.我够不到桌上的茶杯。

5. Me too,我也是。

me too与me either的区别。

(1)口语中说me too,其意为“我也一样”,主要用于延续前面的肯定信息。

-I like potato chips.我喜欢吃薯条。

- Me too.我也是。

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- I'm going home.我要回家了。

- Me too.我也是。

(2)口语中说me either或me neither,其意均表示“我也不……”,主要用于延续前面的否定信息(两者一般可互换)。

-I can't swim.我不会游泳。

- Me either.我也不会。

Reading

1. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.在我们的轮船触礁之后,我尽可能地游。

against用作介词,其具体意思如下:

(1)相反;反对;违反;违背;逆。

We all should fight against evil.我们都应该同邪恶做斗争。

(2)撞击;撞着,碰着,顶着,触及,与……相撞,同……冲突。.

I pushed against the door and the door opened at last.我用力推门,最后门开了。

(3)逆行,逆……方向,对着;跟……反方向。

Don't drive against the traffic.不要逆向行车。

2. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet,1 was tired out.当我最后觉得土地在我脚下时,我累坏了。

by the time通常引导一个时间状语从句,表示“到……的时候”,主句则表示在

]

此时间之前某个事件已完成。值得注意的是,从句用一般过去时,主句通常用过去完成时;

从句用一般现在时,主句通常用将来完成时。

By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone. 当我到达车站时火车已经开了。

【注意】如果主句的谓语是be动词或者是像know等表示认知的持续性动词,则往往用一般过去时,不用完成时。

By the time he went abroad,he was fourteen.出国那年他14岁。

3. I woke up as the sun was rising…我醒来了,这时太阳正在升起……

rise和raise有何区别

这两个词都有“提高,上升,增加”的意思,但其用法不同。

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(1)raise是及物动词,发出此动作的通常是人,可用于被动语态,意为“举起;提高”,如抬头、举手(目、帽、石头、重物等)。

(2) rise是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,意为“上升,升起;起身,起立(主语是人);上涨”以及“(日、月星等)升起到地平线上”。

Please raise your hand if you know the answer.

如果你知道答案就请举手。(请举手,主语是你)

The sun rises in the east.

太阳从东方升起。(太阳升起,主语是太阳)

4. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.它爬上我的肚子和脖子,直到(它)来到我的脸上。

stomach意为“胃”,复数形式是stomachs。

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(1) until用于肯定句中,表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“……直到……为止”。在这种用法中,主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词),如live,wait,last,love,like,stay,work,continue等。

I will wait until you come back.我将一直等到你回来。

(2) until用于否定句中,表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生,或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“直到……才”。

I didn't leave until the rain stopped.直到雨停了我才离开。

(3) until后面的从句中不能用一般将来时,应该用一般现在时代替,即“主将从现”。

He will stay here until his mother comes back.

他将在这儿一直等到他母亲回来。

was the same size as my little finger! 他和我的小手指一样大!

size意为“大小,尺寸”,与the same…as连用构成短语the same size as,意为“和……一样大”。

此结构属于“the same+ n.+ as”=“as+ adj. +as”

His room is the same size as mine.他的房间和我的一样大。

6. I shouted at them-the loud noise made them all fall over. 我冲着他们大声叫嚷——声音大得使他们所有人跌倒。

shout at意为“叫嚷”,一般表示因生气而对某人大喊大叫,带有感情色彩。

Don't shout at the boy. He is afraid.别对那男孩大声叫嚷。他害怕。

shout to意为“对……大声喊”,表示与某人距离较远,为了使对方听清楚而大声说话

He shouted to the man on the other side of the street, “Come here.”

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他对街道对面的那个人大声说:“过来。”

7. However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.然而,他们很快又站了起来,继续在我身上移动。

continue后接动词作宾语时动词可用doing和to do的形式,含义不同。

continue doing指继续做刚刚做过的那件事;continue to do指继续做另一件事。

试比较:

喝过咖啡之后我继续做作业。

After drinking a cup of coffee, I continued doing my homework.

(喝咖啡之前我在做作业但没做完,喝完以后继续做)

After drinking a cup of coffee, I continued to do my homework.

(喝咖啡之前我是在做别的事而不是做作业)

8. I did not know what to say either.我也不知道说什么。

also,too,as well与either均表示“也”,但有以下区别:also,as well,too用

于肯定句,且also常用于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前;as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。

9. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.我试图空出一只手,最后设法解开了绳子。

manage to do sth.意为“设法做某事”,更倾向于做成某事,与succeed in doing sth.

同义;而try to do sth.倾向于努力做某事,有没有成功不确定。

I managed to see the writer.我设法见到了那个作家.

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Grammar

疑问词+动词不定式

疑问词+动词不定式做动词的宾语。

疑问词也包括疑问代词what, which, who和疑问副词how, when, where。常和此结构连用的动词及动词短语有:know, learn, see, hear, ask, tell, decide, explain, find out, forget, remember, understand 等。

I don’t know what to say next.我不知道接下来该说什么。

I can’t decide which to take.我不能决定该拿哪一个。

Please tell me how to go there.请告诉我怎样到哪儿。

“疑问词+动词不定式” 结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。

I d on’t know what to do.

= I do not know what I should do. 我不知道该做什么。

【注意】所有疑问句中,只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。

原则上说,why后不接不定式,不过若不定式不带to,则可用why。

Why not go there at once 为什么不马上去那儿呢

Why argue with her 为什么要跟她争论呢

注意:这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来,不用于谈论过去。

你昨天为什么不打扫房间

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误:Why not clean the room yesterday

正:Why didn't you clean the room yesterday

must & have to 用法

1、must表示说话人的主观思想,强调个人意志和主观的决心。主要用于肯定句和疑问句,“必须,得,要”。

You must finish your homework today. 你今天必须完成家庭作业。

must 的否定形式must not表示禁止,“不能,不允许”。

You must not smoke here.你不能在这里抽烟。

2、have to 表一种客观的需要,“不得不”。侧重于客观上的必要,强调客观条件作用的结果。

have to 有人称和数的变化。

It is getting dark. He has to go home now. 天快黑了,你现在得回家了。

have to 的否定形式do not have to, 相当于need not 。

They do not have to buy a computer at the moment.

他们目前没有必要买电脑。

注意:must 还可以表示肯定猜测,意思是“一定” 。否定的猜测是can’t。

You must be hungry after all that walking.

走了那么远的路,你一定饿了吧。

That can’t be Lucy. She has gone to American.

那肯定不是Lucy,她已经去了美国。

word &phrases用法

1. hand v. 交;递,给

“hand in”表示“上交(作业),递交(文件)等”

“hand in hand”,手拉手,手握着手

2. renew vt. 续借;更新;重新开始

re-是最常用的前缀之一。它可以加在名词或动词前面,构成新的名词或动词。re-表示以下三方面的意义:

1、表示“回”或“向后”的意思。例如:return(回来,返回)recall(回忆,召回)

2、表示“再”、“重新”、“重复”的意思。例如:review(复习、评论)restart(重新开始)

3、表示“相反”、“反对”的意思。例如:reverse(反转,颠倒)resist(反抗,抵抗)

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Integrated skills & Study Skills

house n.出版社

publishing动名词形式做定语,类似的结构如:a swimming pool

publish vt.出版,与come out意义相同。

Her book was published last year.她的书去年出版了。

=Her book came out last year.

2. copy n.一本(份,册);副本

a copy of magazine 一份杂志

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copy,可数名词,复数形式:copies

3. refuse vt. & vi. 拒绝,回绝

1、refuse+名词

She refused the invitation to the ball. 她拒绝了舞会的邀请。

2、refuse sb. sth.

I just can’t refuse my granddaughter anything. 我就是无法拒绝我孙女的任何要求。

3、refuse to do sth.

Some university students from the countryside refused to take any donation. 一些农村来的大学生拒绝接受任何捐款。

Yesterday my car refused to start. 昨天我的车发动不起来。

4. The first Harry Potter book was a great success in the very beginning.在一开始,《哈利波特》第一本书获得了巨大的成功。

(1)success/s?k’ses/ 作“成功的人或事”讲时为可数名词;作“成功”讲时为不可数名词。

He is a great success as a writer.作为作家来讲,他获得了巨大的成功。

Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

(2) succeed/s?k’sid/ 为不及物动词

succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事。

He succeeded in swimming across the river.他成功地游过了河。

(3) successful形容词,意为“成功的”。He is a successful writer.他是一个成功的怍家。

(4) successfully副词,意为“成功地”。

He passed the exam successfully.他成功地通过了考试。

in the beginning和at the beginning的区别。

一般情况下,at the beginning后可以加of,但偶尔也可以单独使用。

At the beginning of the meeting, they sang a song together.

在会议开始时,他们一起唱了一首歌。

in the beginning常单独使用。

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In the beginning,he wasn't a boss.开始他并不是老板。

5.…translated into about 96 languages……被翻译成大约96种语言

translate vt. &vi.意为“翻译”。

This English poem is too hard to translate.这首英文诗非常难译。

be translated into意为“被翻译成”。

The book was translated into Russian.这本书被翻译成俄文。

6. How long can I keep the books这些书我可以保留多长时间

borrow意为“借进”,常和介词from搭配;lend意为“借出”,常和介词to搭配;keep意为“保留”;borrow和lend为短暂性动词,keep为延续性动词,常和表示一段时间的状语连用。

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Can you lend me your bike 你能把你的自行车借给我吗

Who did you borrow the book from 你从谁那借来的这本书

7. You don't have to come to our desk every time. Just renew them online. 你不必每次都来我们服务台办理,在线续借即可。

句中的online 用作副词,改词也可用作形容词。如:

online travel 在线旅行

online shopping 网上购物

Task & Self-assessment

1. hidden adj. 隐藏的

hide vt. 躲藏;掩饰(hid; hidden),hide-and-seek 捉迷藏

Don't try to hide your mistakes. 不要掩饰你的错误。

hidden adj.隐藏的类似的用法有relaxed(轻松的)。

2. confidence n. 自信心

confident adj. 自信的,类似词性转换还有:different---difference;impotant---inportance

have confidence in doing = be confident of doing 做某事有自信

3. experience n. 经历;经验

名词n.

1. 经验,体验[U]

She had no experience of life at all. 她毫无生活经验。

Have you had any experience of teaching English 你有过教英语的经

验吗

2. 经历,阅历[C]

Please tell us about your experiences in Africa. 请跟我们谈谈你在非洲的经历。

It is the most terrible experience that I have experienced. 这是我经历的做糟糕的经历。

及物动词vt.

1. 经历;体验

The city experienced over 2,000 such incidents last year. 去年这座城市发生过二千次以上这类事件。

2. 感受;遭受

He experienced a pang of sadness. 他感到一阵悲痛。

4. advice n. 建议,忠告,劝告

advice与suggestion是名词,都表示“建议、意见”.两者的最大区别在于advice 是不可数名词,表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice,“一些建议”用some advice;而suggestion则是可数名词,表示“一条建议”用a suggestion,“一些建议”用some suggestions,“许多建议”用many suggestions。

5. We often meet together and discuss what to read.我们经常聚在一起讨论读点什么。

discuss意为“讨论”,其名词形式为discussion。

Let's discuss what to do next.咱们讨论一下下面干什么。

We had a warm discussion about this matter.关于这件事我们进行了热烈的讨论。

完整word版牛津译林初中英语单词表

7A 享乐,乐趣,有趣的事 队,组 unit1 谈论(词组) n. 年级比赛,竞赛 n. 学生偶像,英雄 n. 阅读unit3 n. 同班同学哪一个pron. ) 词组放学后((well的最高级)最,最好地adv. 苗条的因此,所以conj. ) 词组擅长于(生物 adv. 穿过地理教室历史跳舞,舞蹈日期 n. 游泳会议,集会年龄(表示整点)…点钟可爱的,讨人喜欢的大门业余爱好如此,这么,非常adv. 高兴的引,领,带vt. pron. 每人,人人到处,向各处adv. ) (来自词组领某人参观(词组) 复数)n.(眼镜前面n. unit2 建筑物,房子,楼房散步,步行地,地面 adv. 的确,确实)(答话时表示感兴趣或惊讶底层,一楼(词组) 碗,盆明亮的次,回现代的,新式的网球礼堂,大厅排球日记 vt. 享受…的乐趣,欣赏,喜爱看一看(词组) ) 去游泳词组(墙运动员让我想想(词组) 成员下课后(词组) 俱乐部(用于请求别人重复)什么,再说一遍空闲的n. 电话vt. 希望) 词组通电话( 梦想,梦) 词组从…到…( 真的,真实的vt. 需要…时间,费时) (变为现实,成为现实词组) (词组起床n. 画画) 词组(去上学周末) 词组阅览室() 词组(在周末adv. 只,只有,仅) (当然词组adv. (口)当然vi. 购物n. 种类n. 乒乓球各种各样的adv. 另外,其他vt. 借,借用n. 许多,好些) 词组(向…借) (许多,大量词组n. 信,函 1 不多(d的),少数(的)野餐 一次adv. 一些,少量(词组) 原因,理由n. 离开,远离adv. 准备完毕adj. 远离(词组) 为…准备好(词组(词组) ) 走路,步行学,学习,学会v. (good的最高级)最好的世界) n. 一切顺利,万事如意(词组unit5 unit4 庆祝,庆贺v. 醒,醒来,唤醒v. 猜,猜测醒来(词组) n. 穿着,穿衣v. (表示提出或征求意见) 乔装打扮(词组) 小山n. 作为,当作prep. 很少,不常adv. 圣诞节adv. n. (从…里)出来,向外,外出节日出去(词组) 因为词组) conj. 吃午饭/晚饭/早饭(礼物需要vt.

牛津译林版英语八下U1

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Unit 1 1.口渴的adj. 2.诚实的;正直的adj. 3.秘密n. 4.保守秘密(短语) 5.欢乐,高兴;乐趣n. 6.关心,关注,在意vi; vt. 7.关心,关怀(短语) 】 8.你自己pron. 9.(13至19岁的)青少年n. 10.杂志n. 11.好看的,漂亮的adj. 12.幽默的adj. 13.礼貌的adj. 14.爱整洁的,整洁的adj.. 15.成为;适合linking verb. ) 16.信任vt. 17.谎言n. 18.玩笑n. 19.确实的;的确adj. 20.慷慨的,大方的adj. 21.乐意的,愿意的adj. 22.在任何时候(短语) 23.嗓音n. — 24.歌手n. 25.几乎,差不多adv. 26.圆形的adj. 27.感觉;观念,意识n. 28.幽默(英)n. 29.幽默(美)n. 30.无聊的adj. 31.可容纳,装进vi. { 32.碰,撞;把…撞击成vt. 33.到…的上面prep. 34.笔直的adj. 35.可爱的,惹人喜爱的adj. 36.微笑vi. 37.个性n. 38.选择;挑选vt./ vi. 39.更差,更糟,更坏(bad的比较级)adj. ; 40.最差,最糟,最坏(bad的最高级)adj. 41.高,高度n. 42.重量n. 43.秒n. 44.竞赛,比赛;竞争n. 45.测试,考察n. 46.游泳者n. 47.打算,计划n. , 48.社会的adj. 49.社会工作者n. 50.马尾辫n. 51.害羞的adj. 52.方形的adj. 53.微笑的,带着笑意的adj. 54.英俊的adj. 55.胖的adj. - 56.勤奋的,工作努力的adj. 57.耐心的adj.

译林版小升初英语知识点整理

译林版小升初英语知识 点整理 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

小升初英语知识点 1、名词复数规则 (1) 一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds (2) 以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches (3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries (4) 以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives wolf-wolves (5) 不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, Chinese-Chinese, Janpanese-Japanese 不可数名词没有单复数之分。 2、名词所有格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格: a) 单数后加’s ,如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’,如: his friends’ bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加’s,如:children’s shoes 并列名词中,如果把’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如: a picture of the classroom , a map of China 3、冠词:不定冠词、定冠词 基本介绍: a) 不定冠词:a / an (元音因素开头的可数名词前用an) 注意: a unit / an uncle an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an art lesson / b) 定冠词:the the egg the plane 定冠词的用法: a. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk. b. 复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new. c. 谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school. d. 在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second. e. 用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况: a. 专有名词前:China is a big country. b. 名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等: This is my baseball. c. 复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers. d. 在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday. e. 一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30. f. 球类棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.

牛津译林版八年级英语下册 重要知识点梳理

Unit1 Past and present 1、I’ve lived here since I was born. since 可以作介词,连词意为“自从”和“既然” 【用法1】与现在完成时或过去完成时连用,since可以接短语,如since 1994(自从1994年),since leaving school(自从离开学校),since也可以接句子,since I was born(自从我出生以来) 【用法2】since表示“既然”,引导原因状语从句 【例句】We’ve lived here since 1993.自从1993以来我们就住在这里了。 Since we are here, we should visit our teacher.既然我们在这,我们就应该去看看我们的老师。 【经典练习】She’s been off work _____ Tuesday. 星期二以来,她一直没上班 【解析】since 2、When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away. marry 作动词,意思是“娶、嫁”,married作形容词,意思是“已婚的” 【用法1】marry sb. 娶某人,嫁给某人 【用法2】be/get married to sb.和某人结婚 【用法3】marry A to B 把A嫁给B 【例句】He married the girl last year. 他去年娶了那个女孩。

He was married to the girl last year. Her father will marry her to the man tomorrow. 她父亲明天就要把她嫁给那位男性。【经典练习】---When did you______ your husband? --- Two years ago. 【解析】marry 3、Now the government has turned part of the town center into a new park. turn 可以作动词,意为“转变”,作名词,意为“(依次轮到的)机会” 【用法1】It’s one’s turn to do sth.该轮到某人做某事了 【用法2】turn out 原来是,结果是;turn into变成;turn on 打开;turn off 关闭;turn up 出现;把声音调高;turn down 拒绝;把声音调低 【例句】It’s your turn to do the cleaning.该轮到你打扫卫生了。 【经典练习】--Hi, Simon. You look so excited, what happened? ---We won the football match, and the result_______ to be better than expected. A. turned out B. found out C. worked out D. came out 【解析】A turn out 结果是 4、Later the government realized the problem. realize 作动词,意为“实现,意识到” 【用法1】realize one’s dream 实现梦想=achieve one’s dream=one’s dreams come true 【用法2】realize the danger意识到危险 【例句】To realize his dream, he always works hard.为了实现他的梦想,他一直很努力工作。【经典练习】She must _______ the importance of study.

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