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2018年考博英语作文参考范文【五篇】

2018年考博英语作文参考范文【五篇】
2018年考博英语作文参考范文【五篇】

2018年考博英语作文参考范文【五篇】

导读:本文2018年考博英语作文参考范文【五篇】,仅供参考,如果觉得很不错,欢迎点评和分享。

01 Schooling and Education

It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education.Nevertheless,it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.

Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere,whether in the shower or in the job,whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio,from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability,education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions.

People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education,then,is a very broad,inclusive term. It is a lifelong process,a process that starts long before the start of school,and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.

Schooling,on the other hand,is a specific,formalized process,whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country,children arrive at school at approximately the same time,take assigned seats,are taught by an adult,use similar textbooks,do homework,take exams,and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned,whether they are the alphabet or a understanding of the working of government,have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example,high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.

02 The Language of Music

A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall,and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work,but no one

can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities,for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique,for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day,as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left

hand up and down,while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements.

Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety,for the notes are already there,waiting for them,and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion,and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.

This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound,and they have to aim at

controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.

03 The Definition of “Price”

Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services,including labor,professional,transportation,and public-utility services.

The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system” of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad,complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.

If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price”,many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a

product or service or,in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is,of course,valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction,much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount,but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged,the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made,the form of money to be used,the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction,guarantees on the product or service,delivery terms,return privileges,and other factors.

In other words,both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total“package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.

04 Electricity

The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights,radio,televisions,and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When

there is a power

failure,people grope about in flickering candlelight,cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them,and food spoils in silent refrigerators.

Yet,people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago.Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.

All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats,it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram,which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The

brain,too,sends out brain waves of electricity,which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram.

The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small – often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals,certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cell are linked together,the effects can be astonishing.

The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live. ( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity,and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.

05 The Beginning of Drama

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning,human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable,and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained

and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned,but the stories,later called myths,persisted and provided material

for art and drama.

Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music,dance,masks,and costumes were almost always used,Furthermore,a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate,a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium." In addition,there were performers,and,since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites,religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes,they often impersonated other people,animals,or supernatural beings,and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle,the coming rain,the revival of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.

Another theory traces the theater‘s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this vies tales (about the hunt,war,or other feats) are gradually elaborated,at first through the use of impersonation,action,and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related

theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.

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一般来说博士的英语作文一般都是给阐述或陈述问题的文章写摘要,如“吃早餐有利于身体健康”、“吸烟有害健康”、“中国大学生越来越能接受心理咨询”、或“医疗体制的现状”等等这样文章,可使用以下的模版: 陈述问题型文章,分三种类型: 一、正面陈述问题 “吃早餐有利于身体健康”就是只从正面陈述问题; 二、负面陈述问题 如“吸烟有害健康”这样的文章,就是一般只说明吸烟是有害的,只说负面影响。 三、客观的陈述问题(正负面都有的) 如“医疗体制的现状”等问题,因为这样的文章有好也有坏的方面,也就是有正面也有负面的问题。又如04年的博士论文,就是对医院问题的陈述,文章分别从洋医院、民营医院和公立医院几个方面来阐述,分别说明这几种医院各自的优点和缺点,所以这样的文章就是典型的客观陈述事实的文章。 首先看看是什么样的文章,再确定用什么模版来套用。(各个类型我都做一套模版) 但是不管是哪个类型的文章都不外乎这几个步骤,切记,不要觉得无所谓啊!!!! 一般这个题目可以和中文标题的翻译一样,应该是陈述性的词组,用“of”、“and”或“N 词组加介词短语” (1) 如文章是陈述的一个事情或问题,那就用什么的什么(sth1of sth2) 如中国医疗体系的现状:The State of Arts of Chinese Medical Care System 或医疗制度的改革:Reform of Chinese Medical Care System (2) 讲到一个负面的问题,一般都是和健康有关系的,就可以说sth1and Health 如吸烟和健康,早餐和健康等等 (3)如果本文只讲到了一件事情,那么可以用介词短语 如A Blind Zone in Child-nutrition, (小孩营养问题的盲区) 等等 注意:1、第一个词和所有的实词大写,介词和冠词(The, a an)等虚词小写 2、最好要是陈述性的词组,除非原文的标题本来是疑问句 既然是写文章的总结(summary),那么首先需要浏览全文,我感觉这些文章都已经把条理给整理清楚了,那么基本可以确定大概的几条,在试卷上把重要的部分用笔划出来;还可以把序号打上,说明一共有几点。注意:1、不用划记细节描写的语句,而用文章中陈述性的语句。一般来说主题句都是陈述性的语句。如讲到公费医疗体系的问题,你不要去划记那些中国的公立医院有多少,增长了多少的句子,而应该着重看陈述性的主题句是怎么说的,如果说有了大幅度的增长你就要知道这句话是最重要的句子。(切记:除非本文就是讲数据,而且目的在于测试考生们数据增长、减少等句型的话,那么就要用数据说明问题了) 这个问题是最重要的,也就是文章讲了什么 文章的框架: 文章字数是200,那么大约是11-13句左右的样子。

2018考博英语作文万能句型

2018考博英语作文万能句型 开头 1:It is well-known to us that……(我们都知道……)==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …( 就我所知…) 2:Recently the problem of……has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……(最近……问题引起了关注) 3:Nowadays(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to face.(现今,人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题) 4:Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.(互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色,它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题) 5:With the rapid development of science and technology,more and more people believe that……(随着科技的迅速发展,越来越多的人认为……) 6:It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……(人们一般认为……) 2018考博英语作文万能句型:给出原因 1:The reason why + 句子~~~ is that + 句子(...的原因是...) 2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third,……。这一现象存在有很多原因的,第一……第二……第三…… 3:For one thing,……For another thing,……==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面…… 4:I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述,即……。其主要原因如下。 2018考博英语作文万能句型:解决问题 1:The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是…… 2:As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言,…… 3;It is obvious that……很显然…… 4:It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的,但这并不意味着…… 5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的,但我们不应忽视…… 6:There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明…… 2018考博英语作文万能句型:表示优劣 1. It has the following advantages. 它有如下优势。 2. It is beneficial/harmful to us.=It is of great benefit/harm to us. 它对我们有益处。 3. It has more disadvantages than advantage. 他有很多不足之处。 2018考博英语作文万能句型:采取措施 1. We should take some effective measures. 我们应该采取有效措施。 2. We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties. 我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难。 3. We should do our utmost in doing sth. 我们应该尽力去做…… 4. We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难2018考博英语作文万能句型:显示变化 1. Some changes have taken place in the past five years. 过去五年发生了很多变化。 2. Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications. 在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化。 3. It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到…。 4. The output of July in this factory increased by 15%. 这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%。2018考博英语作文万能句型:表明事实

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