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第一讲 句子成分

第一讲 句子成分
第一讲 句子成分

第一讲句子成分

一.句子的定义

句子是包含主语和谓语部分的一组词。它有一定的语法结构和语调,用以表达一个比较完整的独立的概念。句子开头第一个字母要大写,句子末尾要有句号、问号或感叹号。如:

1.The foundation of democracy is the will of the people to preserve liberty.

2.What motives governed his actions?

3.What a beautiful girl she is!

二.词类概述

能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类(parts of speech)。英语的词通常分为十大类,即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。

三.句子成分

句子成分的定义:

构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(一)主语(Subject)

是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:

1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.

2.We often speak English in class.

3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.

4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.

5.Smoking does harm to the health.

6.The rich should help the poor.

指出下列句中主语的中心词

①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

②There is an old man coming here.

③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

⑤Exercising half an an hour a day is good to our health.

⑥where to find help is still a problem.

⑦That he won the first prize surprised us all.(It surprised us all that he won the first prize.)

指出必修一Unit2课文第一段句子主语的中心词

①At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.

②Nearly all of them lived in England.

③Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.

④Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.

(二)谓语

谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:

He practices running every morning.

The plane took off at ten o’clock.

2、复合谓语:

(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:

You may keep the book for two weeks.

He has caught a bad cold.

(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:

We are students.

注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。

(三)表语

表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如:

1.Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

2.Is it yours?(代词)

3.The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

4.The speech is exciting.(分词)

5.Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)

6.His job is to teach English.(不定式)

7.His hobby is playing football.(动名词)

8.The meeting is of great importance.(介词短语)

9.Time is up. The class is over.(副词)

10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句

注意:系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等

1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher.

2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:

He always kept silent at meeting.

3)表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:He seems (to be) very sad.

4)感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.

5)变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如:He became mad after that. 6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:The rumor proved false.

His plan turned out a success.

(四)宾语

宾语(Object)表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:

1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday.

2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.

3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.

4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.

5.He pretended not to see me.

6.I enjoy listening to popular music.

7.I think(that)he is fit for his office.

宾语种类:

(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.

To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等,例如:He sent the novel to William yesterday.

For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等,例如:She bought a gift for her mother. (2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.

下列动词只能接不定式做宾语: ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等,如:He refused to lend me his bike.

下列动词只能接动名词做宾语: admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等,如:John has admitted breaking the window .

下列动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语,但意义不同,如stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。(五)宾语补足语

英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语(Object Complement),才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:

1.His father named him Dongming.

2.They painted their boat white.

3.Let the fresh air in.

4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.

5.We saw her entering the room.

6.We found everything in the lab in good order.

7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.

(六)定语

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示:

1.Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)

2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)

3.There are thirty women teachers in our school. (名词)

4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)

5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)

6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)

7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)

8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons. (定语从句)

更多例子:

They are women workers. 她们是女工。(名词作定语)

Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. 汤姆的父亲直到昨天才给家里写信。(所有格名词作定语)

Equal pay for equal work should be introduced. 应当实行同工同酬。(形容词作定语)

The play has three acts. 这出戏有三幕。(数词作定语)

This is her first trip to Europe. 这是她首次欧洲之行。(代词、数词和介词短语作定语)

China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。(现在分词作定语)

You haven't kept your promise to write us often. 你没有遵守给我们经常写信的诺言。(动词不定式短语作定语)

My cat has a good nose for milk. 我的猫对牛奶嗅觉灵敏。(介词短语作定语)

Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 想去西藏的人须在此签名。(从句作定语)

(七)状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语(Adverbial)。可由以下形式表示:

1.Light travels most quickly.

2.He has lived in the city for ten years.

3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.

4.He is in the room making a model plane.

5.Wait a minute.

6.Once you begin, you must continue.

更多例子:These products are selling quickly. 这些产品现在十分畅销。(副词作状语)

He is knee deep in snow. 他踩在齐膝深的雪里。(名词作状语)

The best fish swim near the bottom. 好鱼居水底。(有价值的东西不能轻易得到。)(介词短语作地点状语)

She sat there doing nothing. 她坐在那里无所事事。(现在分词短语作伴随状语)

We'll send a car over to fetch you. 我们将派一辆车去接你。(动词不定式短语作目的状语)

She was slow to make up her mind. 她迟迟不能下决心。(动词不定式短语作状语)

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。(从句作时间状语)

9种状语种类如下:

1. How about meeting again at six?

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f12002646.html,st night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.

3.I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.

4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.

5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.

6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.

7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.

8.She works very hard though she is old.

9.I am taller than he is.

(八)同位语(Appositive)对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释,通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任,如:This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.

(九)插入语(Parenthesis)对一句话做一些附加的解释,通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe---)等,如:To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.

巩固练习

(一).用横线划出下列句中主语的中心词

①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

②There is an old man coming here.

③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

⑤Exercising half an an hour a day is good to our health.

⑥where to find help is still a problem.(It is still a problem where to find help.)

⑦That he won the first prize surprised us all.(It surprised us all that he won the first prize.)

(二) 用横线划出句中谓语的中心词

①I don't like the picture on the wall.

②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

③Do you usually go to school by bus?

④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.

⑦What I want to tell you is this.

⑧We had better send for a doctor.

⑨He is interested in music.

⑩Whom did you give my book to?

(三) 用横线划出下列句中的宾语

①My brother hasn't done his homework.

②People all over the world speak English.

③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

④How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

⑦They made him monitor of the class.

⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.

⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.

⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.

(四) 用横线划出下列句中的表语

①The old man was feeling very tired.

②Why is he worried about Jim?

③The leaves have turned yellow.

④Soon They all became interested in the subject.

⑤She was the first to learn about it.

(五) 用横线划出下列句中的定语

①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.

②What is your given name?

③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

(六) 用横线划出下列句中的宾语补足语

①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

②He asked her to take the boy out of school.

③She found it difficult to do the work.

④They call me Lily sometimes.

⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.

⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

(七)用横线划出下列句中的状语

①There was a big smile on her face.

②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.

⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

⑥She loves the library because she loves books.

⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.

⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

(八) 用横线划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

①Please tell us a story.

②My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.

④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.

⑤Did he leave any message for me?

(九).指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:

1. The students got on the school bus.

2. He handed me the newspaper.

3. I shall answer your question after class.

4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!

5. They went hunting together early in the morning.

6. His job is to train swimmers.

7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing 8. There is going to be an American film tonight.

9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist.

11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice.

13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say?

15. To be honest,your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address?

17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.

19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet.

(十)用不同符号划分句子成分

1. Our school is not far from my home.

2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you

3. All of us considered him honest.

4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.

5. He broke a piece of glass.

6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.

7. I love you more than her.8. Tees turn green when spring comes.

9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching

13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song.

15.We will make our school more beautiful. 16. She showed us her many of her pictures.

17. The old man lives a lonely life.

18. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.

19. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany.

20. We must do whatever the people want us to do. 21. At last he got home, tired and hungry.

22. Would you please pass me the cup? 23 Mary handed her homework to the teacher.

24. Do you know the latest news about him? 25. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.

翻译练习:

主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)

1你应当努力学习。_______________________________________________________________________________

2她昨天回家很晚。________________________________________________________________________________

3那天早上我们谈了很多。__________________________________________________________________________

4会议将持续两个小时。____________________________________________________________________________

5在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。_________________________________________________________________ 7每天八时开始上课。_________________________________________________________________________________ 8这个盒子重五公斤。_________________________________________________________________________________ 9五年前我住在北京。_________________________________________________________________________________

主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)

1昨晚我写了一封信。________________________________________________________________________________ 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。_____________________________________________________________________________ 3这本书他读过多次了。______________________________________________________________________________ 4他们成功地完成了计划。_____________________________________________________________________________ 5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。_______________________________________________________________________ 6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。_______________________________________________________________________ 7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。___________________________________________________________________ 8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。___________________________________________________________________________

9我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。________________________________________________________________ 10他不知道说什麽好。___________________________________________________________________________

主系表结构(主语+系动词+表语)

1我的兄弟都是大学生。___________________________________________________________________________

2布朗夫人看起来很健康。___________________________________________________________________________ 3十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。_____________________________________________________________________ 4孩子们,请保持安静。___________________________________________________________________________

5她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。_____________________________________________________________________ 6他失业了。___________________________________________________________________________

7树叶已经变黄了。___________________________________________________________________________

8这个报告听起来很有意思。___________________________________________________________________________

双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)

1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。______________________________________________________________________

2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。________________________________________________________________

3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。___________________________________________________________________________

4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗?________________________________________________________________________

5. 他把车票给列车员看。___________________________________________________________________________

6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。________________________________________________________________

7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。__________________________________________________________________

8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。______________________________________________________________

划分句子成分及复句关系.word版本

?划分句子成分及复句关系: 句子的基本成分有:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 单句: (1)单句分类:按句子结构分为主谓句和非主谓句;按句子的用途或语气分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。 (2)分析步骤:第一步,理解句意分主谓,先把句子一分为二,分成主语和谓语,一般是主语在前,谓语在后;第二步,找宾语,有的句子有,有的则没有,动词支配的对象就是宾语;第三步,压缩句子找中心语,中心语是受修饰、补充或能支配宾语的主干成分;第四步,找定、状、补语。定语到主语中心语的前边和宾语中心语的前边去找,状语在谓语中心语前面,补语在谓语中心语后面。 (3)句子主干:是指把定语、状语、补语压缩后剩下的部分,即由主语的中心语,谓语的中心语和宾语的中心语组成。摘取句子主干时,谓语中心词前有否定词语(不、没、没有)的句子,要把否定词语放在主干中;碰到中心语是并列短语时,要把整个并列结构摘出来。 (4)如何区分单、复句: ①复句:复句是由两个或几个意义上相关、结构上互不包含的单句形式组成的句子。复句的 分句间互不为成分,这是区分单、复句最重要的一点。复句的分句之间结构上互不包含,就是说互相不作句子成分,没有句子成分之间的结构关系,这是复句的本质特征,也是复句和单句的最根本的区别。 ②不能看只有一个主语就断定不是复句。 ③凡是一个主语管几个动词,只要中间用逗号或分号表示停顿,又互不做成分,就是复句。 ④有些关联词既可以用在复句的不同分句中,也可以用在单句中。如:只有热爱工作的人,

才能热爱生活。(单句) (5)复句的类型:主要有并列、递进、选择、转折、因果、假设、条件这几种类型。判断复句关系,关联词很重要,有一个顺口溜把难记的、易混的整理在一块,请牢记。 “不是”“而是”是并列, “不是”“就是”是选择, “尚且”“何况”是递进, “尽管”配“还”是转折。 “既然”配“就”是因果, “即使”配“也”是假设, “无论”“除非”和“不管”, “只有”“只要”讲条件。 (6)多重复句:由三个或三个以上的分句组成,并且具有两个以上的结构层次的复句是多重复句。 ?句子成分的构成: 句子有六个成分:主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语。 1、主语和谓语: 主语是句子里被陈述的对象,谓语是用来陈述主语的。在一般情况下,主语在前,谓语在后。 (1)大伙都散了。(《分马》) (2)满树浅黄色的小花,并不出众。(《荔枝蜜》) (3)我最不能忘记的是他的背影。(《背影》) (4)利用物候知识来研究农业生产,已经发展为一门科学。(《大自然的语言》)

【语法知识】句子组成和成分划分

【语法知识】句子组成和成分划分 有些人由于不懂语法,写起文章来常出现病句。不仅影响了语意表达,而且容易使读者产生误解。如何辨析句子正误,这对从事文字工作的人来说,特别重要。其实,只要稍懂语法,检查是否是病句,方法极其简单。不管句子结构多么复杂,只要抓住其结构成分进行分析,就一清二楚。为此,笔者决定将十几年前记录的有关语法总结归纳材料整理后陆续予以公布,以飨读者。因为检查句子是否是病句与句子组成有密切关系,因此,先从这里谈起。 一、句子组成 句子是由词或者短语按照一定的语法规则组成,能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位。按结构分,有主谓句和非主谓句。非主谓句使用很少,绝大部分属于主谓句。而主谓句一般具备两个部分:前一部分是陈述的对象,回答“谁”或者“什么”,是句子的主语;后一部分是陈述的内容,回答“是什么”、“干什么”或者“怎么样”,是句子的谓语。有些句子用动词作谓语,动作行为涉及的对象(承受者),就是宾语。主语、谓语和宾语是句子的主要成分,被称为句子的“主干”。 为了使句子表达更加准确、具体、生动,往往在句子的“主干”前后增加必要的修饰、限制或者补充说明的词语,在句子中充当定语、状语或补语。这些次要成分,被称为句子的“枝叶”。它们经常与“的、地、得”等结构助词组合在一起,后面带“的”为定语,表示限制;带“地”为状语,表示修饰;带“得”为补语,表示补充说明。如果删去这些修饰、限制或补充说明的词语后,留下句子主干仍可以读通,表达的意思完整清楚,则说明这个句子没有毛病。 二、成分说明: 句子主要成分有主语、谓语、宾语;次要成分有定语、状语、补语。词和短语都可以作句子成分,下面具体说明句子各种成分的特性。 【主语】是陈述的对象,回答“谁”或者“什么”,常由名词、代词充当。 【谓语】是陈述的内容,回答主语“是什么”或者“干什么”,常由动词或形容词充当。形容词作谓语时,后面只能带补语;只有动词作谓语时,才有可能带宾语。动词分及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词作谓语时往往带宾语;不及物动词一般不带名词性宾语,只带表示事物或时间的数量词充当的宾语。 【宾语】动词作谓语时动作行为涉及、支配的对象,它跟动词构成支配与被支配关系,一般由名词、代词、数量词充当。 【定语】修饰或限制主语、宾语等中心词,一般由名词、代词、形容词、物量词充当,大多用在主语和宾语之前起修饰或限制作用。

五种基本句型和句子成分

句子成分 英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。 顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: Country music has become more and more popular.(名词) We often speak English in class.(代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) 2、谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。We study for the people. I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing. 3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份、特征、属性或状态。 My sister is a nurse. (名词) Is it yours?(代词) The weather has turned cold.(形容词) The speech is exciting.(分词) Three times seven is twenty one?(数词) His job is to teach English.(不定式) His hobby is playing football.(动名词)

句子成分划分例子

句子成分划分(口诀符号及方法) 划分句子的口诀: (1)句子成分要划对, (2)纵观全局找主谓。 (3)主前定状谓后补, (4)谓前只有状地位。 (5)“的”定“地”状“得”后补, (6)宾语只受谓支配。 划分句子成分 (一)知识要点 1. 什么是句子 句子是由词或词组构成的,是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气,句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。我们今天要研究的是单句,要给它划分成分。 2.句子成分的名称及符号 名称:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 符号:主语=谓语-宾语~ 定语()状语 [ ] 补语 < > ①句子的基本成分是:主语、谓语、宾语。 补充成分是:定语、状语、补语。 ②主语部分和谓语部分之间可用‖划开。 3.(1)划分句子成分,首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 主语:是谓语陈述的对象,指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。 谓语:是陈述主语,说明主语的,说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。 宾语:在动词后面,表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物,回答“谁”或“什么”一类问题。 句子一般有两种情况: 写人、写物(写事、写物)。分析句子时,首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。 ①.写人 格式:“谁”+“干什么” (主语)(谓语)(宾语) 例:杨亚‖写字 主谓宾 注意:处理复杂的单句时,要抓主干。 例:一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。 主谓宾 ②.写物 格式:“什么事”或“什么物”+“怎么样” (主语)(谓语、宾语) 例:猫‖捉鱼 主谓宾 例:一只小猫‖在盆边捉了一条大鱼 主谓宾 注意:“是”为典型的动词,一般是“谓语”。

构成句子的六种基本成分

构成句子的六种基本成分 二.句子成分的标识符号 主语:“”划在主语下面 谓语:“——”划在谓语下面 宾语:“”划在宾语下面 定语:“()”用在定语前后 状语:“[ ]”用在状语前后 补语:“〈〉”用在补语前后 充当主语的主要是:名词、代词,也可以是名词性词组等。 谓语 谓语是陈述主语的,说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。 例4、明天晴天。 宾语 宾语在动词后,表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物,回答“谁”或“什么”一类的问题。 例9、这就叫做信息。 10、我很尊敬他。 11、马克思认为知识是进行斗争和为无产阶级解放事业服务的手段。 定语 定语放在名词(中心语)前面,用来修饰、限制中心语的,表示人或事物性质、状态、数量、所属等。“的”是定语的标志。 例:(锋利的)爪子和牙齿。 (有吹洞箫的)客人。 我敬了他(三杯)酒。 (中国的)历史有(自己的)特点。 状语 状语放在动词或形容词前面,用来修饰、限制动词或形容词(中心语)的,表示动作的时间、地点、状态、方式、或程度等。 副词常作状语, 介词短语常作状语。 一般状语紧连在中心语的前边,但表时间、处所、目的介词短语作状语时,可以放在主语的前边. 16、[在杭州]我们游览了西湖胜景。? 补语 补语放在动词或形容词(谓语)后面,用来补充说明动作、行为的情况、结果、程度、趋向

等的。 同学们把教室打扫得〈干干净净〉。 他回到了〈家里〉。 小结: “的”是定语的标志词 “地”是状语的标志词 “得”是补语的标志词 句子成分划分方法: 主语:一般由名词、代词充当 谓语:一般由动词、形容词充当 宾语:一般由名词、代词充当 练习:划分下列句子成分。 一切生物都离不开食物。 会变色的花很多。 石拱桥在世界桥梁史上出现得比较早。 练习:划分下列句子成分。 一切生物都离不开食物。 会变色的花很多。 石拱桥在世界桥梁史上出现得比较早。 统筹方法,是一种安排工作进程的数学方法。 一斤苹果五角钱。 小李这个人性格非常好。 爷爷一句话都没说。 1、老人的身体很健康。 2、天上的星星静静地诉说着那个遥远的故事。 3、清代的曹雪芹最憎恨官场的勾心斗角。 4、我一下子跑了很远。 5、这个小孩长得逗人喜爱。 6、故乡的山水都渐渐远离了我。 7、鲁迅认为在当时很难实现他的理想和抱负。 多层定语排列 1.有二十多年教学经验的 2.优秀的 3.一位 4.篮球 5.国家队里的 6.女

句子成分及句子

句子成分及句子 一、句子 1.简单句 Stephen apologized at once. 注意:如果一个句子含有一个以上的简单句,那它或者是一个并列句,或者是一个复合句。 2.并列句 Stephen realized his mistake and (he) apologized at once. 3.复合句 When he realized his mistake, Stephen apologized at once. 二、英语句子的基本词序 英语句子的词语虽然可能是各种各样的,如下列情况: 1.Did you take your car in for a service? When did you take your car in for a service? 2. "You've eaten a lot!" cried Frank. 3. Last night we went to the cinema. 4. Suddenly, the whole building began to shake. 6. Don't speak to your mother like that. 但除疑问句和祈使句外,句子的一般语序为: 主语动词(谓语) 宾语状语(方式、地点、时间),例如 1. I bought a hat yesterday. 2. The children ran home. 3. The taxi-driver shouted at me angrily. 4. We ate our meal in silence. 5. A young girl with long black hair walked confidently cross the room. 三.基本术语的定义 1.主语:一般也名词、代词或名词短语,通常位于动词之前。动词必须与主语保持一致(主谓一致),所以主语决定动词的形式,如 I wait; He waits; I am; You are; I have; The new doctor has. 2.谓语:为动词或动词短语。 3.宾语: 一般为名词、代词或名词短语。 4.直接宾语:指的是动词所涉及的人或物,紧跟在及物动词之后。 Please don't annoy me. John threw the ball over the wall. 5.间接宾语:一般指“受益于”动词表示的行为的人。 Throw me the ball. Buy your father a parent. 6.补语:告诉我们有关主语和宾语的情况,从而使整句话的意思完整。 Frank is clever. Loud music drives me crazy. 7.及物动词(vt):后面可直接跟宾语,可用于被动语态。 I met Jim this morning. I'm reading a book. The cup was broken by the little girl.

句子成分划分口诀

划分句子的口诀: (1)句子成分要划对,(2)纵观全局找主谓。(3)主前定状谓后补,(4)谓前只有状地位。(5)“的”定“地”状“得”后补,(6)宾语只受谓支配。 三、句子语病修改歌诀 检查语病要细心,先看主干主谓宾,残缺搭配是病因;再看枝叶定状补,能否搭配语中心。下面语病常常见,熟悉现象心有底。是否恰当用词语,语序是否属合理,前后有矛盾,更有不统一,替概念,有歧义,句式杂糅使人迷,结构又胶节,语言重复又多余,多层否定成后语。修改语病法牢记,添、删、调、换百病医。句子成分有六种——主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。第一部分 一、主语、谓语 1、主语 多表示人或事物。作为被述的对象,在句首能回答“谁”或者“什么”等问题。例如: (1)今天晚上‖ 特别冷。 主语(偏正短语)谓语 (2)[明天这个时候],我们‖就可以走出戈壁滩了。 状语(时间)主语(代词)谓语 以动作、性状或事情做述的对象的主语句。例如: (1)笑‖ 是具有多重意义的语言。 主语(动词)谓语 (2)公正廉洁‖ 是公职人员行为的准则。 主语(形容词联合短语)谓语 2、谓语 是对主语的叙述、描写或判断,能回答主语“怎么样”或“是什么”等问题。(1)动词性词语经常做谓语。例如: 他‖[只]答应了<一声>。主语谓语(状语+动词+补语)南海一中‖留下<过>(许多人)的梦。 主语谓语(动词+补语+定语+宾语)我‖[最近]去<了><一趟>。 主语谓语(状+ 动+补+ 宾) (2)形容词性词语也经常做谓语。例如:太阳‖热烘烘的。 主语谓语(形容词+的)人参这种植物,‖娇嫩<极了>。主语谓语(形容词+ 补语)说话‖[要]简洁<些>。主语谓语(状语+形容词+补语) (3)主谓短语做谓语。例如:这件事‖大家都赞成。主语谓语(主谓短语)任何困难‖她都能克服。主语谓语(主谓短语)大家的事情‖大家办。 主语谓语(主谓短语) (4)名词性词语做谓语。这种情况很少见,有一定的条件限制。可参考文言文中的判断句。例如:鲁迅‖人。 主语谓语(名词短语)

句子成分及结构

日骋教育教辅讲义 学生姓名:就读学校:教材版本:总课次: 任课教师:敖财芹补习科目:课程分班:上课时间: 课题: 句子成分 一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 三、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher.(名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it.(代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep.(形容词) The picture is on the wall.(介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost.(形容词化的分词)

不定式) The question is whether they will come.(表语从句) 常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉) …. It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 三、宾语: 1)动作的承受者——动宾 I like China.(名词) He hates you.(代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾 Are you afraid of the snake?

句子成分划分练习题

句子成分划分练习题 1 She cried loudly in the living room. 2 They is my best friend in my class. 3 The teacher came into the classroom with a smile. 4 Do you know the boy playing basketball over there? 5 I don’t know where to go now. 6 My father bought me a pair of shoes. 7 I want to make you happy every day. 8 I have a pen pal from Japan. 9 He ate too much. 10 When he was young, he lived with his grandparents in Shanghai. 11. It is very happy to talk with you 12. All of us considered(认为) him honest. 13. ---I love you more than her,child . 15 They kept the door open. 16 Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 17.We will make our school more beautiful. 18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 10 At last he got home, tired and hungry. 20. Do you know the latest news about him? 句子的种类

句子成分句子类型句子结构

语法专题讲解:句子成分 句子成分:组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。其中包括: 主要成分:主语谓语 次要成分:表语宾语宾语补足语主语补足语定语状语同位语 ㈠主语(sub):句子所陈述的主体。一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 读下面的句子标出主语并总结能够做主语的词。 1.Honesty is the best quality. 2.Nobody can help you. 3.Four and five makes nine. 4.The sick and the old need our help. 5.The wounded should be sent to hospital. 6.To become a nurse is my wish. 7.Running is good for health. 8.Between six and seven in the morning is the best time. 9.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 10.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 11.There is a teacher and 3students. 总结: ㈡谓语(v.):表示主语的动作,行为或所处的状态。(谓语有人称和数的变化)动词及动词短语常在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。 观察下面的句子总结谓语动词的构成。 1. He practices running every morning. / The plane takes off at 8 o’clock. 2. You may keep the book for two weeks. / He has caught a bad cold. 3. Our school becomes more beautiful. 总结谓语动词的构成。 1、简单谓语: 2、复合谓语: ㈢表语(pred.):系动词后用来说明主语的特征,类属,状态或身份等。 系动词的类别: 状态系动词:be (is am are was were) seem smell sound taste feel touch stay(保持) remain (依然) look (看上去) appear (显得) keep(保 持)continue (继续) stand (以某种方式矗立着)

汉语句子成分与划分

汉语句子成分与划分歌诀 句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、六种主语: 1、定义:被陈述或被说明的对象。 2、特点:A、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。B、一般表示谓语所说的是“谁”或“什么”。 3、符号:双行线 =。 谓语: 1、定义:用来说明陈述主语。 2、特点:A、经常由动词、形容词充当。 B、一般表示主语“怎么样”或“是什么”。 3、符号:单行线 _。 宾语: 1、定义:表示谓语动词的涉及对象的语言单位。 2、特点:A、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。B、一般表示谓语“怎么样”或“是什么”。 3、符号:波浪线 ~ 4、凡能愿动词,如“希望、想、可以、说”等词后面的一般都作宾语处理。 定语: 1、定义;用在主语和宾语前面,起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。 2、特点:A、经常由名词、形容词、动词、代词充当。B、一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。

3、符号:小括号()。 状语: 1、定义:用在动词、形容词谓语前,起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。 2、特点:A、经常由副词、形容词、动词、表示处所和时间的名词和方位词充当。B、一般状语与中心词之间有“地”字连接。 3、符号:中括号 []。 补语: 1、定义:谓语后面的附加成分,对谓语起补充说明作用,回答“怎么样”、“多久”、“多少”(时间、处所、结果)之类问题的语言单位。 2、特点:A、经常由动词、形容词副词充当。B、一般补语与中心词之间有“得”字连接。 3、符号:单书名号〈〉。 一般完整的句子成分的排列为: 定语(修饰主语)主语状语谓语补语定语(修饰宾语)宾语 句子成分符号:主语 = 谓语-宾语~定语()状语 [ ] 补语 < > 绕口令 主谓宾,定状补 主干枝叶分清楚 主干成分主谓宾 枝叶成分定状补 定语必居主宾前 谓前为状谓后补 学语文,有口诀: 主谓宾、定状补,主干枝叶分清楚。 定语必居主宾前,谓前为状谓后补。 状语有时位主前,逗号分开心有数。 句子成分歌诀: 基本成分主谓宾,连带成分定状补。定语必居主宾前,谓前为状谓后补。

(完整word版)句子成分及句子结构

句子结构及成分 1.及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. He opened the door. The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,及物动词填vt.,不及物填vi.。 考点1.Most birds can fly.() 考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点3.It happened yesterday.() 考点4.My watch stopped.() 考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. () 考点7.Shall I begin at once?() 考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.()() 考点9.When did they leave Beijing?() 考点10.They left last week. () 2.实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如: He lives quite near. (live“住”,有明确的意义,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) I like reading. (like “喜欢”,意思明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) I bought a pen yesterday. (bought “买”,意义明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) 助动词 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此,助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独作谓语。 帮助构成时态的: The boy is crying.He has arrived. I have been painting all day. Does he like English?

句子成分及基本句型

实用标准文档 文案大全句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语) (二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) (三)宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来 担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语) 说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词

句子成分句子结构

高中英语语法专项复习学案 句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句 一、英语句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主语和谓语;表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 三、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) 常见的系动词有: 一be动词类:am、is 、are 、was 、were 二表示变化类:become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三感官动词类: 眼(look )耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)手(touch)身(feel) 四表示延续性的动词:remain 、stay 、keep It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 四、宾语: 1)动作的承受者——动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)

句子成分及基本句型

句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语) (二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语)

句子及句子成分

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句子成分及种类

句子成分&句子结构 一、句子成分 句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语等。主语和谓语是句子的必需部分;宾语、表语和补足语是句子的必要部分;其他成分如状语和定语,是句子的辅助部分。有些句子还带有感叹语、插入语,它们在句法上与句子其他成分不存在关系,称为独立成分。 1.主语: 主语是句中动作、行为、性质或状态的主体,是一个句子谈论的主题。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来充当。 Some people can’t use the computer. (名词作主语) He teaches us English. (代词作主语) Three and five is eight. (数词作主语) To read in bed is bad for your eyes. (不定式作主语) Eating more vegetables is good for us. (动名词短语作主语) That you forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused me lots of trouble. (从句作主语) (广东)Do you need more time to complete the task? Yes, another ten days _____ enough. A, is B, are C, was D, were 2.谓语: 谓语用来说明主语的行动、动作或所处的状态。谓语由动词或短语动词充当,一般放在主语之后。谓语可分为简单谓语和合成谓语。 The boy speaks Japanese. (简单谓语) Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. (简单谓语) I can play the baseball. (合成谓语) Our city becomes more beautiful. (合成谓语) 3.宾语: 宾语表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式或起名词作用的其他成分充当。 I bought a book. (单宾语,名词) The news surprised us. (单宾语,代词) He told me the news about it. (双宾语,代词/名词) A friend lent some money to me. (双宾语,名词/代词) We consider him an honest boy. (复合宾语) Mr. Wang always makes his classes interesting. (复合宾语) 4.表语:表语用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等,与前面的连系动词一起构成系表结构作复合谓语。 My pen friend is an American boy. (名词) This book isn’t mine. (代词) He was the first to come to school yesterday. (数词) The man looks strong. (形容词) My father is out. (副词) His job is to clean the school. (动词不定式短语) The dictionary is in the bag. (介词短语) Wasting time is killing yourself. (动名词短语) The trouble is that she has lost his phone number. (从句) 5.定语:定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分,分为前置定语和后置定语两种。

组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分

组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,表示所谈的是谁或是什么。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如: The car is nice.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是奇奇兔资讯网句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如: He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词+表语) I can speak English. (情态动词+实义动词) Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如: He does his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We like playing football.(动名词) 【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有buy,sell 等。如: He bought me a book. Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如: Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾) ②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish,hope,promise,decide,agree,choose,care等。如: I hope to see you again. ③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss,suggest,keep(on)等。如: Do you mind my opening the window? ④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。 a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”,forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如: Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来) I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)

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