马克思主义基本原理大学期末试题

马克思主义基本原理期末考试（真题）

一．单项选择（共 15小题，每题 1分，共 15 分）

1. 无产阶级的科学世界观和方法论是 （ ） A ．辩证唯物主义 B ．历 C ．辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义

D ．

2．爱因斯坦指出： “哲学可以被认为是全部科学之母” ，这说明（ ） A ．哲学是一切科学之科学 B ．哲学是各门学科的知识基础 C ．哲学对各门具体科学的研究具有指导作用 D ．哲学与具体科学是整体与局部的关系 3．马克思主义哲学关于物质范畴的正确理解是（ ） A. 物质范畴是各种实物的总和

B. 物质范畴是从各种物的总和中抽象出来的

C. 物质的唯一特性是它可以被感知

D. 物质是自然界中具体的物质形态

4．《坛经》 中记载：“时有风吹幡动， 一僧曰风动， 一僧曰幡动， 议论不已。 慧能进曰： 不是风动， 仁者心动。 ”这段记载中关于运动的基本观点是（ ）

A ．运动是物质的根本属性

B ．运动与物质不可分割

C ．精神运动是物质运动的一种形式

D ．精神是运动的主体 5．“时间空间是人类感性直观形式。 ”这是（ ）

A ．机械唯物主义的时空观

B ．辩证唯物主义的时空观

C ．唯心主义的时空观

D ．朴素唯物主义的时空观 6．下列选项中属于最基本的实践活动的是（ ）

A ．社会管理活动

B ．科学实验活动

C ．社会改革活动

D ．物质生产实践活动

7．“从物到感觉和思想”与“从思想和感觉到物”的对立，属于（

）

A ．辩证法和形而上学的对立

B ．唯物主义反映论和唯心主义先验论的对立

C ．主观唯心主义和客观唯心主义的对立

D ．能动的反映论和被动的反映论的对立 8．“实践、认识、再实践、再认识，这种形式往复循环以

至无穷”

，体现的是（ ）

A ．唯心主义辩证法

B ．唯物主义辩证法

C ．朴素唯物主义观点

D ．机械唯物主义观点 9．把人类社会之外的某种神秘精神当作社会发展、人的命运的决定和支配力量，这种看法属于

（ A ．朴素唯物主义

B ．教条主义

C ．经验主义

D ．历史观上的客观唯心主义

10．下列属于非意识形态的是（

）

2018-2019_学年第

学期 考试时间共 120 分钟

B ．历史唯物主义 不是幡动，

A ．道德

B ．哲学

C ．艺术

D ．语言学

11．下列有关经济基础和上层建筑相互关系的观点错误的是（ ）

A ．经济基础是根源，上层建筑是派生物

B ．不同性质的经济基础一定会产生不同性质的上层建筑

C ．上层建筑的反作用的性质取决于它所服务的经济基础的性质

D ．上层建筑对经济基础总是起促进作用 12．下列关于劳动生产率及其与商品价值量关系的观点错

误的是（

）

A ． 劳动生产率是指劳动者生产使用价值的能力

B ． 劳动生产率的高低可以用单位劳动时间内生产的产品数量来衡量

C ． 劳动生产率的高低可以用单位产品中所耗费的劳动时间来衡量

D ． 劳动生产率与商品的价值量成正比

13．马克思指出： “如果物没有用，那么其中包含的劳动也就没有用，不能算作劳动，因此不形成价值。

”这句

话说明（ ）

A ．价值的存在以物的有用性为前提

B ．价值的存在与物的有用性互为前提

C ．只要物是有用的，它就有价值

D ．物越是有用就越有价值

14．生产资本区分为不变资本和可变资本的依据是： A ．资本不同部分在物质形态上不同 B ．资本不同部分在剩余价值生产中的作用不同 C ．不变资本不体现剥削关系，可变资本体现剥削关系 D ．资本不同部分的价值周转方式不同 15．在共产主义社会，交换个人消费的分配方式是（ A ．各尽所能，按劳

分配 C ．各尽所能，按资分配

二．多项选择（共 10 小题，每题 2 分，共 20 分）

1． 19 世纪的三大工人运动指的是（ ） A ．法国里昂工人起义

B ．英国宪章运动

C ．芝加哥工人起义

D ．德国西里西亚纺织工人起义

2．下列命题属于主观唯心主义的有（ ） A ．世界是绝对观念的异化 B ．存在就是被感知 C ．心外无物

D ．现实世界是理念世界的影子 3．辩证唯物主义关于世界物质统一性的原理的基本内容包括 （ ） A ．世界是统一的

B ．世界的统一性在于它的物质性

C ．世界统一于存在

D ．人类社会是统一的物质世界的一部分

4．下列哪些命题揭示了事物的矛盾是既相互区别又相互联系的两个方面（ ）

A ．朱熹指出：“万物皆有两端，独中又自有对”

）

B ．各尽所能，按需分配 D ．各尽所能，按生产要素

B ．老子指出：相辅相成，物极必反

C ．王安石说：“万物皆各有耦” ，“耦中又自有耦”

D ．方以智说：“交也者，合二而一也”

5．中国古代哲学家公孙龙提出了“白马非马”命题，其错误是割裂了事物（

A ．一般和个别的关系

B ．共性和个性的关系

C ． 抽象和具体的关系

D ． 普遍和特殊的关系 6．感性认识的形式包括（

）

A ． 感觉 C ．概念

7．资本原始积累的途径有（ ） A ．用暴力剥夺农民土地 C ．用暴力手段掠夺货币财富 8．商品价值形式的发展经历的阶段包括 A ． 简单的或偶然的价值形式 C ．一般的价值形式

9．根据社会发展和人的发展的内在联

系，马克思把人的发展概括为几个历史阶段，即人的发展由低级向高级 演进的几个历史形态，具体是（ ） A ．人的依赖关系占统治地位的阶段 B ．以物的依赖关系为基础的人的独立性阶段 C ．每个人自由而全面发展的阶段

D ．意志和行动不受必然制约的阶段 10．马克思和恩格斯认为，在共产主义社会将要消失的“三大差别”有（

）

A ．资产阶级和无产阶级的差别

B ．工业和农业的差别

D ．脑力劳动与体力劳动的差别

三．简答题（共 5 题，每题 6 分，共 30分）

1．简述马克思主义科学体系的三个组成部分及其直接理论来源。 2．简述认识的主体和客体的关系。

3．人类社会的物质性主要表现在哪些方面？

4．简述生产关系必须适合生产力性质规律的内容。 5．简述资本家生产剩余价值的两种基本方法。

四．论述题（共 2题，每题 12分，共 24分，每题论述不少于 400 字） 1．有人说：“人不能两次踏进同一条河流” ，也有人说“人一次也不能踏进同一条河流” ，你怎样看？ 2．运用唯物史观社会意识相对独立性的原理，联系实际说明建设社会主义精神文明的必要性和可能性。 五．材料分析题（第 1小5分，第 2小题 6分，共 11分）

材料 1：马克思恩格斯在 1872年为《共产党宣言》所写的序言中指出：不管最近 25 年来的情况发生了 多大的变化，这个《宣言》中所阐述的一般原理整个来说直到现在还是完全正确的??由于最近 25 年来大工 业有了巨大发展而工人阶级的政党组织也跟着发展起来，由于首先有了二月革命的实际经验而后来尤其是有 了无产阶级第一次掌握政权达两月之久的巴黎公社的实际经验，所以这个纲领现在有些地方已经过时了。特 别是公社的经验已经证明： “工人阶级不能简单地掌握现成的国家机器，并运用它来达到自己的目的。 ”

《马克思恩格斯选集》 （第 1 卷），人民出版社 1995 年版，第 248－ 249 页。

B ．知觉 D ．表象

B ．缩短封建生产方式

D ．通过国债制度、课税制度加强对国内人民的剥削 ）

B ．总和的或扩大的价值形式 D ．货币形式

C ．城市与农村的差别

材料 2：恩格斯在 1895 年时指出：但是，历史表明我们也曾经错了，暴露出我们当时（ 1848 年革命时期，编者。）的看法只是一个幻想。历史走得更远：它不仅打破了我们当时错误的看法，并且还完全改变了无产阶级借以进行斗争的条件。 1848 年的斗争方法，今天在一切方面都已经过时了，这一点值得在这里比较仔细地加以探讨。

《马克思恩格斯选集》（第 4 卷），人民出版社 1995 年版，第 510 页请回答问题：

1.马克思恩格斯对待自己理论是种什么样的态度？

2.谈谈我们对待马克思主义应有的科学态度，怎样才能把坚持和发展马克思主义统一起来？

参考答案及评分标准（A 卷）

2018—2019 学年第二学期

．多项选择（共 10小题，每题 2分，共 20 分,多选少选错选均不得分）

三．简答题（共 5 题，每题 6 分，共 30分） 1．答：马克思主义科学体系由马克思主义哲学、马克思主义政治经济学和科学社会主义三个基本部分组成，它们是有机统一的。马克思主义的直接理论来源包括德国古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学以及英法两国的空想社会主义。

2.答：实践的主体和客体相互作用的关系，包括实践关系、认识关系和价值关系，其中实践关系是最重要的。认识的主体和客体与实践的主体和客体在本质上是一致的。认识的主体和客体的关系不仅仅是认识和被认识的关系，而且首先是改造和被改造的关系。

3.答：人类社会的物质性主要表现在：（1）人类社会依赖于自然界，是整个物质世界的组成部分；（ 2）人们谋取物质生活资料的实践活动虽然有意识作指导，但仍然是以物质力量改造物质力量的活动，仍然是物质性的活动；（ 3）物质资料的生产方式是人类社会存在和发展的基础，集中体现着人类社会的物质性。

4．答：第一，生产力决定生产关系。生产力状况决定生产关系的性质，生产力的发展决定生产关系的变化；第二，生产关系对生产力有能动的反作用。当生产关系适合生产力的发展要求时，它对生产力的发展起推动作用，当生产关系不适合生产力的发展时，它就会阻碍生产力的发展。生产力和生产关系的矛盾运动的内在的、本质的、必然的联系，就是生产关系一定要适合生产力状况的规律。

5.答：资本家提高对工人剥削程度的方法多种多样，概括起来有两种基本方法：（ 1）在必要劳动时间不变的条件下，由于延长工作日的长度和劳动强度而产生的剩余价值，叫做绝对剩余价值；（ 2）在工作日长度不变的条件下，通过缩短必要劳动时间而相对延长剩余劳动时间所产生的剩余价值，叫做相对剩余价值。

四．论述题（共 2 题，每题 12 分，共 24 分） 1.答：前者的看法是正确的，它正确认识了绝对运动和相对静止的辩证关系；后者的看法是错误的，它夸大了事物的运动属性，忽视了事物的相对静止。要点如下：

（1）运动是指物质的一般变化和过程，是物质的根本属性和存在方式。静止则包括空间的相对位置和根本性质未变这样两种运动的特殊状态。

（ 2 ）运动是绝对的，静止是相对的。这两者构成了对立统一的关系。（3）夸大绝对运动而否认相对静止必然导致相对主义和诡辩论；反之，夸大相对静止而否认运动的绝对性，则必然导致形而上学的不变论。“人不能两次踏进同一条河流”承认了事物的绝对运动和相对静止，属于辩证唯物主义的观点；而“人一次也不能踏进同一条河流” 则夸大了绝对运动，是否认了事物相对静止的诡辩论。（学生论述的形式可以多样化，意思或思想相似相近均可酌情给分。）

2．答：要点如下：社会意识的相对独立性是指，社会意识从根本上受到社会存在决定的同时，还具有自己特有的发展形式和规律。主要表现在：一是社会意识与社会存在发展的不完全同步性和不平衡性；二是社会意识内部各种形式之间的相互影响及各自具有的历史继承性；三是社会意识对社会存在的能动的反作用。这是社会意识相对独立性的突出表现。

社会意识相对独立性的原理，对我国建设社会主义精神文明具有重要意义。社会主义精神文明建设是社会主义兴衰成败的大事。它不仅对物质文明建设起巨大的推动作用，而且保证物质文明建设的正确方向。因此，建设社会主义精神文明是必要的。

我国目前物质基础还较差，但社会意识相对独立性原理告诉我们，社会意识对社会存在有能动的反作用，这个原理说明，在现有条件下建设社会主义精神文明是完全可能的。（学生论述的形式可以多样化，意思或思想相似相近均可酌情给分。）

五.材料分析题（第 1小题 5 分，第 2小题 6分，共 11分）

答：要点如下：

1. 马克思和恩格斯生前对待自己的理论持有一种辩证的态度，他们主张理论要在实践中得到发展和检验。

2. 我们学习马克思主义，就要努力在掌握理论的科学体系上下功夫，在掌握基本原理及其精神实质上下功夫，在掌握马克思主义的立场、观点、方法并用以指实践上下功夫。

我们还要坚持和弘扬理论联系实际的学风，一方面，要防止和反对教条主义态度；另一方面，也要防止和反对形式主义和实用主义态度。

（学生论述的形式可以多样化，意思或思想相似相近均可酌情给分。）

(完整word版)大学英语一期末考试题以及答案

精心整理 大学英语（一） 行政班级分级班级姓名学号 C. A measuring system. D. A control system. 2. A. Car prices. B. Car services.

C. The company’s business. D. The company’s culture. 3. A. It’s easy to do. B. It’s challenging. dialogue, there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. Conversation 1

6. A. Breakfast. B. Dinner. C. A 5 dollar gift card. D. Bus service to the airport. 10. A. Make an appointment with her. B. Talk with her about a new order.

C. Send her an email about the shipment. D. Call her back when receiving the shipment. Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.

大学英语泛读教程4(第三版)期中期末试卷Reading Master 1_Final Exam B

A. Vocabulary 1. Researchers of human intelligence often use the IQ test as a(an) ______ of how clever someone r eally is. a. indicator b. source c. survey d. pocket 2. One ______ of citizens showed that the popularity of the country’s president was at an all-time low. a. theory b. source c. survey d. adoption 3. Anything that is considered to be ______ means that no pesticides were used to produce it. a. cutting-edge b. organic c. trendy d. frugal 4. The new 3D action movie used ______ special effects so most of the filming was done using graphic computer technology. a. frugal b. cutting-edge c. organic d. athletic 5. It is ______ that Sammy, who used to drink a lot, now owns his own bar. a. athletic b. maternal c. theoretic d. ironic 6. Brian received his ______ letter yesterday to study at the London School of Economics. a. expedition b. birth c. establishment d. acceptance 7. Scientists have calculated that of the billions of stars in the ______, there must be millions of life forms. a. colleague b. universe c. theory d. decade 8. In many Latin American countries you can buy ______ leather bags that are very high in quality. a. genuine b. imaginary c. marine d. elusive 9. The ______ in the story of The Wizard of Oz is the wicked witch of the west. a. villain b. cop c. kidnapper d. victim 10. After investigating the UFO ______, the government still would not confirm nor deny we had been visited by aliens. a. amusement b. arrest c. incident d. burglar 11. The years I spent in my grandpa’s care were ______ the happiest of my childhood. a. rapidly b. horizontally c. undoubtedly d. majorly 12. Although Officer White was ______, he still carried a gun with him at all times. a. warmed up b. off duty c. arrested d. tucked in 13. The police ______ all the main highway entrances to the city so they could check cars for bombs. a. barricaded b. impersonated c. dozed d. arrested

大学英语期末考试(4)及答案

**** 大学课程考核试卷 xxxx---xxxx学年第一学期xxxx级xxxx专业（类） 考核科目大学英语三课程类别必修课考核方式闭卷卷别 B （注：考生务必将答案写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上的无效） I. Listening Comprehension (30 marks) Part 1: Short dialogues (10 marks, 1 mark each) Directions: Listen to the short dialogs and then choose the correct answers to the questions. 1. A. She did not take the shopping list along with her. B. She did not write a shipping list. C. She does not want to shop in a crowded supermarket. D. She wants to finish shopping quickly. 2. A. Write a statement for the woman. B. Revise what the woman will write. C. Fill in forms for the woman. D. Apply to an American university for admission. 3. A. Contemporary women no longer want to obey their husbands. B. Modern girls no longer love their husbands. C. At the marriage ceremony the bride should promise to obey her husband. D. At the marriage ceremony the bride should show loyalty to her husband. 4. A. She is weak in doing projects. B. She is weak in studies. C. She tends to work whole-heartedly. D. She is not willing to start a project. 5. A. The football match should be called off. B. The meeting should not include new items. C. The meeting should have another two items. D. The football should be included in the agenda. 6. A. It is important to offer an online friend a drink. B. It is delightful to get a drink from an online friend. C. Ensure that nobody puts anything harmful into your drink.

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