课后题答案unit1

Unit 1 Discovering yourself

Passage 1 Catching Crabs

Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 achieving good results (productive)

2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance)

3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance)

4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious)

5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)

6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script)

7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)

6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.

To be a successful film scriptwriter takes more than training although (1) attendance on a screenwriting course will definitely help you learn the skills. You also need to be very (2) ambitious – the film business is very competitive. You have to be prepared to work hard and be very (3) productive because it takes

more than just one good idea to make it big. No matter how (4) impressive your idea is, there will always be (5) resistance from producers because it’s too expensive. So make sure you have plenty of others to show them. What are you waiting for Get on with writing that brilliant (6) script and plan your (7)

acceptance speech for when you win your first Oscar!

7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.

1 We’ve seen a place we like and we’re applying for a loan to buy a house. (mortgage)

2 We stood on the top floor of the boat and watched the coast disappear into the horizon. (deck)

3 I love to walk along the beach and watch the waves breaking, and the white water hitting the shore. (surf)

4 In seaside areas in the north-east of the country, life is hard and fishermen have to go against the forces of nature every time they go to work. (coastal; defy)

5 Agreement was finally reached after a long and heated discussion. (lengthy)

8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 If you watch an impromptu performance of something, it has (a) been prepared, or (b) not been prepared

2 When you map out your future, do you (a) plan it carefully, or (b) draw a sketch of it on paper

3 If you brace yourself for something unpleasant, do you (a) try not to think about it, or (b) prepare yourself for it mentally and physically

4 Do you moor a boat by (a) turning the steering wheel, or (b) tying it to a post with a rope

5 Is a rusty piece of metal something that (a) is bright and shiny, or (b) might have been left out in the rain and is covered with brown substance

6 If a bowl is brimming with soup, is it (a) very full, or (b) half empty

7 If someone is being held captive, are they (a) free to do as they please, or (b) being kept as

a prisoner

8 If you have figured out something, have you (a) added numbers together, or (b) understood it

Passage Two We are all dying

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 involving three things of the same kind (triple)

2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery)

3 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)

4 a book that someone writes about someone else’s life (biography)

5 to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)

6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it (budding)

7 continuing only for a limited time or distance (finite)

8 to pass (elapse)

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.

1 About two hours elapsed before we reached the cemetery where the war dead were buried.

2 I sat in the rear seat behind the driver. My three sisters were all crammed in the front.

3 The entrance to the car park was blocked, so the road was full of cars which had been triple-parked one against another, making it almost impossible to get past.

4 We have a number of budding authors in our class this year, one of whom has written a fascinating biography of his grandmother.

5 The time we have on this earth may be finite, but there are no limits to the human imagination.

6 Answer the questions about the words.

1 If you substantiate a claim, do you (a) prove it is true, or (b) persuade someone that it is true

2 If someone tramples over something, do they (a) pour water over it, or (b) walk all over it

3 If s omeone’s arrival is untimely, is it (a) at the wrong moment, or (b) late

4 If events are described chronologically, do they occur (a) in the order in which they happened, or (b) in no particular order

5 Is ingeniously likely to mean (a) artistically, or (b) cleverly

6 Is knackered an informal British word meaning (a) very relaxed, or (b) extremely tired

7 Is patently likely to mean (a) obviously, or (b) usually

8 When something is allotted to you, is it (a) given to you, or (b) taken from you

7 Answer the questions about the phrases.

1 If you check something out, do you (a) find out, or (b) not think about it

2 If you see something from the sidelines, do you (a) take part in the action, or (b) stay away from it

3 If something is down to you, is it your (a) bad luck, or (b) responsibility

4 If you have something on the back burner, (a) will you look at it later, or (b) are you

interested in it now

5 If you are in a position to do something, are you (a) able, or (b) unable to do it

6 If time is ticking away, does it seem (a) as if it will last forever, or (b) passing very slowly

7 If you can have one shot at something, (a) are you allowed to shoot it, or (b) do you have only one chance to do it

8 If you make the best of something, do you (a) enjoy it while you can, or (b) work hard to make it a success

9 If a girl stands you up, does she (a) fail to turn up for a date, or (b) refuse to sit down when you ask her to

Language in use

word formation: compound words

1 Find more examples of each use of hyphens in the passage We are all dying.

I’ve double- and triple-checked it

we are all budding crypt-kickers

a rear-view mirror

the once-a-year holiday to Florida or Spain

What’s all this back-burner stuff

standing at the corner of the Co-op

A sepia-coloured relative that no one can put a name to

2 Rewrite the phrases using compound adjectives.

1 a party which is held late at night (a late-night party)

2 a library which is well stocked (a well-stocked library)

3 a professor who is world famous (a world-famous professor)

4 some advice which is well timed (some well-timed advice)

5 a population which is growing rapidly (rapidly-growing population)

6 an economy which is based on free market (a free-market economy)

7 a boat trip which lasts for half an hour (a half-hour boat trip)

It’s what / how …that …

3 Rewrite the sentences using It’s what / how …that …

1 What other people think of us is determined by how we behave.

It’s how we behave that determines what other people think of us.

2 What sort of job we are going to end up doing is usually determined by our character.

It’s our character that usually determines what sort of job we are going to end up doing.

3 What we do as a career isn’t always determined by the marks we get at university.

It isn’t always the marks we g et at university that determine what we do as a career.

4 How we react to life’s problems is often determined by our childhood experiences.

It is often our childhood experiences that determine how we react to life’s problems.

5 When we die is determined by our genetic clock, and the changes we make to it.

It’s our genetic clock and the changes we make to it that determine when we die.

It is / was not just that …but …

4 Rewrite the sentences using It is / was not just that …but …

1 Not only were the shops all closed for Thanksgiving, there was also no one in the streets. It wasn’t just that the shops were all closed for Thanksgiving, but there was no one in the streets.

2 Not only did she spend all her time at college going to parties, she also took the time to gain a first-class degree.

It wasn’t just that she spent all her time at college going to parties, but she took the time to gain a first-class degree.

3 Not only were they not listening to what he said, it also seemed as if they weren’t at all interested.

It wasn’t just that they weren’t listening to what he said, but it seemed as if they weren’t at all interested.

4 Not only was I upset, I also felt as if I was going to burst out crying.

It wasn’t just that I was upset, but I felt as if I was going to burst out crying.

5 Not only was the Grim Reaper intended to frighten people, it was also often a figure of fun. It wasn’t just that the Grim Reaper intended to frighten people, but it was often a figure of fun.

collocations

5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.

1 settle When you settle somewhere you go there to stay.

(a) Where is dust likely to settle in a room

On the surfaces that aren’t used very often or which aren’t cleaned.

(b) If you settle an argument, is the conclusion satisfactory

Yes, it is, because the disagreement is solved and each part is satisfied with the outcome. (c) If you settle the bill, what is there left to pay

Nothing, because you have paid everything that is owed.

(d) What do you do when you settle back to watch a film

You relax in a comfortable chair and enjoy it.

2 smooth This word can mean flat or soft, comfortable, easy or confident.

(a) If the sea is smooth, are you likely to feel seasick

No, because the sea is calm. You would feel seasick if it were rough.

(b) If a changeover from one government to the next is smooth, are there lots of problems No, because the changeover has gone well, without difficulties.

(c) Is it a good idea to trust a smooth talker

Not necessarily, because some people who talk confidently like that do so to trick you, like a confidence trickster or con-man.

3 offer This word can refer to something you would like someone to take, something someone gives, or something that is for sale.

(a) If you decline an offer, do you say “yes” or “no”

You say “no”, because you are refusing it.

(b) If you offer an apology to someone for something you have done, what do you say

You should say, “I apologize” or “I’m sorry”.

(c) Where are you likely to see special offer

In a shop, because the shop is offering a special price or reduction for something.

(d) If someone has a lot to offer, what kind of person are they

They are intelligent, talented, gifted or creative and they will bring these kinds of qualities to their work.

4 bear If you bear something you carry or bring it. If you cannot bear something, you dislike it or cannot

accept it.

(a) If you bear something in mind, do you forget it

No, you will remember it and consider it for a particular occasion in future.

(b) If you bear a resemblance to someone, in what way are you like them

You look similar in certain physical features.

(c) Is there anything you can’t bear to think about

I can’t bear to think too much about some of the problems in the world, famine, war, poverty etc. In the modern world, why don’t we just solve them

5 resistance This word can refer to the refusal to accept something new, the ability not to be harmed by something, or opposition to someone or something.

(a) If there is resistance to an idea, do people accept it

No, not easily. They refuse to accept the idea maybe because it’s just a bad idea, or they may change their mind if they understand it better.

(b) If the soldiers met with resistance, what happened

The soldiers meet opposition from those they are fighting against.

(c) Is there a way to build up your resistance to cold

Yes, you can keep yourself as healthy as possible with a good diet and getting enough exercise so that you are less likely to catch a cold, or if you do get one, you won’t suffer so badly.

6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

1 我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。当然，下一年四、五月份的期末考试最为重要。我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。

（and guys wore the bags under their eyes and thei r pale, sleepy faces with pride … 这句的动词wear后面带两个宾语，中文找不到能带这两个宾语的动词，故处理成三个中文短句；翻译like medals proving their diligence 时采用“增词法”增加“这些”来概括前面所描写的“眼袋”，“脸色苍白”，“睡眼惺忪”等，使译文含义更加清晰流畅。）

2. 明天行吗明天只是个谎言而已，根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。明天甚至压根儿就不存在，你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当儿嘀嗒嘀塔地走着，每分钟顺时针走60 秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满了“本可以做”、“本应该做”、“本来会做”的事情。

(本段的难点在于对一些词的理解与翻译，如an empty field that will remain so, chronologically, invest your time wisely, have nothing to show for it but 等等。“could haves”,

“should haves”,“would haves” 是表达与事实相反的条件句（虚拟语气），指自己没有做，但有可能做的事情。）

Unit 1

7 Translate the paragraphs into English

1 Students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university.

Some think they should have a definite goal and detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for any challenges, whereas some others think they don’t have to think much about the future, because future is full of uncertainties.

2 After a very careful check-up, the scientist was told he got cancer. Although he knew that his life was ticking away, instead of complaining about the fate, the scientist decided to make the best of the remaining days, and speed up the research project he and his colleagues initiated, and have a shot at completing it ahead of schedule.

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