小学六年级英语必须要掌握的语法知识点【2020年-2021年最新】

小学六年级英语必须要掌握的语法知识点

一、名词复数形式规则

1．一般情况下；直接加-s；如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以o.s. x. sh. ch结尾；加-es；如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

3．以“辅音字母y”结尾；变y为i, 再加-es；如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4．以“f或fe”结尾；变f或fe为v, 再加-es；如：knife-knives leaf——leaves

5．不规则名词复数：

man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth

fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese

练习、写出下列各词的复数

I _________him _________this ___________her ______

watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______

day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________

tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____

peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______

man______ woman_______

二、一般现在时

1.一般现在时的功能

○1表示事物或人物的特征、状态.如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的.

○2表示经常性或习惯性的动作.

如：I get up at six o’clock every day.我天天六点起床.

○3表示客观现实.如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转.

2.一般现在时的构成

○1肯定句: a. be动词：（有一顺口溜体现了它的用法：我用am ；你用 are ；is 用于他；她；它, 单数is；复数are..）

主语+ be(am /is/are)+其他如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩.

b.行为动词（实义动词）：主语+行为动词+其他[除主语是第三人称单数外；都用动词原形；当主语是第三人称时；则在行为动词词尾加-s或-es.]

如：We study English.我们学习英语.

She goes to work by bike. 她骑自行车去上班.

○2否定句: a.主语+ be(am /is/are) +not + 其他如： I am not a boy.

b. 主语+don't/doesn't+行为动词原形+其他如：We don’t study English. She doesn't go to work by bike.

○3一般疑问句: a. Be(Am /Is /Are)+ 主语+ 其他?

简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + be(am /is/are). (否) No,主语 + be(am /is/are)+not.

如: Are you a boy?你是一个男孩吗?(肯)Yes,I am. (否) No, I’m not.

b. Do/Does+主语+ 其他?

简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语+ do/does. (否) No,主语 + don't/doesn't.

如: Do you study English? (肯)Yes,we do. (否) No, we don’t. - Does she

go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

○4特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？如： a. be动词：Who are you?

b.行为动词：What do you do? How does she go to work?

3.动词三单的变化规则（即“如何从动词原形变为第三人称单数”）

○1一般情况下；直接加-s；如：cook-cooks get-gets

○2以o.s.x.sh.ch结尾,直接加-es；如：wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

○3以“辅音字母y”结尾；变y为i, 再加-es；如：study-studies

一般现在时用法专练:

一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数

drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________

look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____

________

study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______

wash_______

二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空.

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.

2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.

3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?

8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.

10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.

11. Mike _______(like) cooking.

12. They _______(have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.

14. You always _______(do) your homework well.

m staying in bed.

15. I _______(be) ill. I’

16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.

17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.

18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.

19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.

20. －What day _______(be) it today? －It’s Saturday

三、现在进行时

1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作；也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作.

2．现在进行时的构成：be+动词的ing〔现在分词〕形式.

肯定句：主语+be动词+动词ing+其他.如：We are studying.

否定句：主语+be动词+not+动词ing+其他.如：We aren’t studying.

一般疑问句：Be动词+主语+动词ing+其他.如：Are you studying?

肯定回答：Yes+主语+be动词.如：Yes,we are.

否定回答：No+主语+be动词+not.如：No,we aren’t.

；但是am not在

；are not可以缩写成aren’ｔ

（注：is not可以缩写成isn‘ｔ

现代英语中不可以缩写.）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？如：What are you doing?

现在分词的变化规则

1．一般情况下；直接加ing；如：cook-cooking think---thinking

2．以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e；再加ing 如：make-making have---having

3．以重读闭音节（重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节）

结尾；呈现“辅；元；辅”结构的动词；双写末尾的辅音字母；再加ing 如： stop---stopping sit---sitting run---running

4 以ie结尾的动词；把ie改为y ；再加ing die---dying lie---lying

现在进行时专项练习：

一、写出下列动词的现在分词：

play________ run__________ swim _________make__________

go_________ like________ write________ study__________

read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________

put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________

stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________

二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：

1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .

3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.

4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .

6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .

8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.

ow. We _____________(have)supper now

9. It’s 5 o’clock n

10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

四、一般将来时

一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事.句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等.

二、基本结构：肯定句： a. 主语+shall/will+do+其他.（will可用于所有人称；shall只用于第一人称I和we) 如： I will go swimming tomorrow.

b. 主语+ be going to + do+其他.（注意：be 动词要与主语的人称和数一致）如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow.

否定句：a. 主语+shall/will+not+do（will not 可缩写成won’t）

b. 主语+ be+ not+ going to +do 如：I won’t go swimming tomorrow. I am not going to go swimming tomorrow.

一般疑问句：a. Shall/Will+主语+ do+其他？ b. Be+主语+going to+do+其他？如：Will you go swimming tomorrow? Are you going to go swimming

tomorrow？

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？如：What will you go tomorrow? What are you going to do tomorrow?

练习填空.

1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊.

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

2.我们将要学习英语

We _____ _______ _________ learn English.

We ________ learn English.

五、一般过去时

1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态；常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如：yesterday；yesterday morning；yesterday afternoon；yesterday evening；the day before yesterday（前天）；last night；last week；last month； last year等. 一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发

生的动作.

2．一般过去式的基本结构：

Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was.（was not=wasn’t）

⑵are在一般过去时中变为were.（were not=weren’t）

○1肯定句:主语＋动词过去式＋其他.如：I was in Shanghai last month.上个月我在上海.We went to Shanghai last month.我们上个月去了上海.

○2否定句：a主语＋wasn’t/weren’t＋其他.

如: I wasn’t in Shanghai last month.

b. 主语＋didn’t＋动词原形＋其他.(did + not = didn't)

如：We didn’t go to Shanghai last month.

○3一般疑问句: a.Was/Were+主语＋其他？

如：Were you in Shanghai last month?

b. Did＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？如：Did you go to Shanghai last month? ○4特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Where were you last month? Where did you go last month?

动词过去式变化规则：

1．一般情况下；在动词原形后面加-ed;如：

look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited

2．以不发音e结尾的动词；在词尾直接加-d；如： live→lived use→used 3．以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词；先将 y 改为i ,再加–ed；如： study →studied, try→tried fly→flied

4．以重读闭音节（即辅音＋元音＋辅音）或r音节结尾；末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词；要先双写这个辅音字母后；再加–ed；

如： stop→stopped plan→planned

5．不规则动词过去式：

练习一、写出下列动词的过去式

is/am_________ plant________ are ________

drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________

does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____

taste_________ eat__________ put ______

kick_________ pass_______ do ________

练习二、用be动词的适当形式填空

1. I _______ at school just now.

2. He ________ at the camp last week.

3. We ________ students two years ago.

4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.

5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.

6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.

7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.

8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.

练习三、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.

2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.

3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)

4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?

5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.

6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.

7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.

8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She

__________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.

六、人称代词和物主代词

第一人称第二人称第三人称

单数复数单数复数单数复数

人称代词主格I we you you she he it they 宾格me us you you her him it them

物主代词形容词

性

my our your your her his its their 名词mine ours yours yours hers his its theirs

人称代词指代人或物；在句中作主语或宾语；所以有主格和宾格.

宾格代词用于替代处于宾语位置上的名词；可以用作直接宾语和间接宾语. 如：I am a student. (I 主语) Please help me. (me 直接宾语) Give me a book. (me 间接宾语)

物主代词是表示所有关系的一种代词；亦称所有格代词.物主代词有两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词.

形容词性物主代词为限定词；放在名词或名词短语前作定语.

如：This is my book.

名词性物主代词起名词的作用；后面不可以再接名词.在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语.

如: Your pen is red. Mine is black.

你的钢笔是红色的,我的是黑色的.

He didn’t use his ink. He used mine.

他没有用他自己的墨水；他用了我的.

习题一、用所给词的适当形式填空

1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is

very big. ( I )

2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )

3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )

4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )

二、用am, is, are 填空

1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.

2. The girl______ Jack's sister.

3. The dog _______ tall and fat.

4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.

5. ______ your brother in the classroom?

6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.

7. How _______ your father?

8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.

9. Whose dress ______ this?

10. Whose socks ______ they?

七、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级

（一）构成规则

1．一般单音节词和少数以-er；-ow结尾的双音节词；比较级在后面加-er；最高级在后面加-est

（1）单音节词如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest （2）双音节词如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest

2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词；比较在原级后加-r；最高级在原级后加

-st 如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest

3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中；先双写末尾的辅音字母；

比较级加-er；最高级加-est；如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest

4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词；把y改为i；比较级加-er；最高级加-est如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest

5．其他双音节词和多音节词；比较级在前面加more；最高级在前面加most如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily

注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the；副词最高级前可不用. 如： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

（2）形容词most前面没有the；不表示最高级的含义；只表示"非常". It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.

6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的；必须熟记. 如：good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

（二）形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B”意思为“A比B更,,”.

如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高.

注意：①在含有连词than的比较级中；前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴；即同类事物之间的比较.

②在比较级前面使用much；表示程度程度“强得多”.

如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.

③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级；不能修饰比较级.

2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越,,”如：It is getting cooler and cooler. 天气越来越凉爽.

3．在含有or的选择疑问句中；如果有两者供选择；前面的形容词要用比

较级形式.如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高；Tim还是Tom?

4. “the +比较级..., the+比较级”；表示“越...越...”.

如： The sooner；the better. 越快越好.

习题一、出下列形容词、副词的原级；比较级；最高级

small→→→fatter→

hot→________ →________ thin→________→ _________

heavy→________ →________ bad→________→ _________

习题二、用适当形式填空：

1. Bob is ________ ( young ) than Fred but __________ (tall) than Fred

2. Yingtian is not as ___________ (tall) asYongxian.

3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks ____ ___ (fat) than before .

4. Which is _________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?

5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?

-- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling? -- She' s only 1.40 metres ______ (tall). She is much _______(short) than Sally. She is also the _______ (short)girlin theclass.