血糖检测仪中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文资料

原文:

Blood Glucose Level Measurement by Confocal Reflection

Photodetection System

Abstract:In the present study, the confocal optical system has been constructed by using the near-infrared laser, and the reflection photodetection system of the living body has been developed. This system reduces the influence of a complex light scatter by the skin tissue and achieves a highly accurate measurement by confocal optical system. And the initial experiment for the development of the non-invasive blood glucose meter that presumed the blood glucose level by thenear-infrared absorption of the living body has been done. In this report, the principle of the blood glucose level measurement of this system has been confirmed. The light intensity of the reflection in the living body skin tissue has been measured in the constructed system, and it has been compared with the blood glucose level reference value. As a result, the absorption of the reflected light that depended on the blood glucose level has been confirmed. The possibility of measuring the blood glucose level has been shown.

Keywords: Confocal Optical System, Non-invasive, Blood Glucose, Near-infrared.

1. INTRODUCTION

Recently, the diabetic increases remarkably [1, 2]. The self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is necessary and indispensable to treat the diabetic. However, present SMBG has been limited to the measurement that needs collecting blood. The patient has loads of pain, stress, and costs, etc. Therefore, the non-invasive blood glucose meter to be able to measure the blood glucose level is strongly expected [3-5]. In the present study, the confocal optical system has been constructed by using the near-infrared laser, and the reflection photodetection system of the living body has been developed. And the initial experiment for the development of the non-invasive blood glucose meter that presumed the blood glucose level by the near-infrared absorption of the living body has been done. This system reduces the influence of a complex light scatter by the skin tissue and achieves a highly accurate measurement by confocal optical system [6, 7]. In this report, the focus depth by the confocal optical system of this system has been confirmed. And the principle of the blood glucose level measurement of this system was confirmed. The light intensity of the reflection in the living body skin tissue has been measured in the constructed system, and it has been compared with the blood glucose level reference value. As a result, the absorption of the reflected light that depended on the blood glucose level has been confirmed. The possibility of measuring the blood glucose level has been shown.

2. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

2.1 Measuring system

Fig. 1 shows the optical system for the system constructed in the present study.

A near-infrared ray VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) [8] of wavelength 1.55 μm was used for the light source of this system, and PD (InGaAs PIN photodiode, FGA21; THORLABS) was used for the photo detector. This system is a confocal optical system [9] that has the depth resolution and high plane resolution. Intensity of the reflected light from the sample surface side to the inside of sample can be detected by moving the window up and down. The source of light has stabilized by the APC (Auto Power Control) circuit [10].

Fig. 2 Appearance of the polycarbonate plate measurement

Fig. 3 Appearance of a living body blood glucose level measurement

2.2 Polycarbonate plate measurement

The polycarbonate plate was set up in the vicinity of the focus of object lens. The thickness of the polycarbonate plate is 5.0 mm and refractive indexes are n = 1.5. The focus of object lens from the sample surface side to the bottom side was scanned at

intervals of 0.1 mm, and the reflected light of each point was acquired. The aluminum plate was set up in the polycarbonate plate bottom as a reflector. When measuring it, the state to remove the confocal pinhole to compare it with the image optics system was measured.

2.3 Living body blood glucose level measurement

The present study was approved because of regulations of the Shinshu University ethics committee. And it won consent from the subject by the document. The relation between the amount of near-infrared absorption measurements of this system and the reference value that depended on the living body blood glucose level was examined. The measuring object was made a palmar side of the left hand thumb root. The depth of the measurement skin tissue was assumed to be 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, and the surface. And the living body was made to stick to the window material of this system, and the reflection light intensity in each depth was measured. Moreover, the blood glucose level reference value was measured by the enzyme electrode method at the same time.

A male in his twenties and an able-bodied person were made a subject. They were measured twice when they were hungry, and they were measured 9 times at intervals of 5 minutes after glucose load.

1.EXPERIMENTAL RESULT

1.1Reflection light intensity through the polycarbonate plate

Fig. 4 The focus depth of the confocal reflection photodetection system

Fig. 4 showed the reflection light intensity in each point from the vicinity of the surface of the polycarbonate plate to the bottom. The peak of the scanning distance about 4.8 mm is a reflected light of the sample bottom. And it was confirmed by both of the image optics system and the confocal optical system. Moreover, the reflected light on the sample surface seen in the scanning distance about 1.4 mm was able to be confirmed only in the confocal optical system.

3.2 Near-infrared absorption of a skin tissue

The logarithm value and the concentration of glucose of the skin tissue reflection light intensity are assumed to show a negative correlation from the Lambert-Beer law [11]. The reflection light intensity ratio on the inside and the surface of the skin tissue was used for the reflection light intensity. As a result, the fluctuation of the light intensity of the source of light is corrected. Fig. 5 showed the relation between the logarithm value and the blood glucose level reference value of the reflection light intensity ratio of each depth of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.5 mm. And the correlation coefficient and the standard error of each depth were shown in Table 1.

Fig. 5 Near-infrared absorption of the skin tissue of each depth

2.DISCUSSIO

4.1 The focus depth of the confocal reflection photodetection system

The reflection light intensity of the scanning in each point was overall large in the image optics system. Therefore, the reflection light peak on the sample surface was not able to be confirmed（Fig. 4）. It is shown that the reflection light intensity on the sample surface can be confirmed in the confocal optical system, and there is a depth resolution. Moreover, the distance between peaks of the reflected light of the sample surface and the bottom is about 3.4 mm. It is almost corresponding to optical distance t / n = 3.3 mm of t = 5.0 mm in thickness in refractive index n = 1.5. It was shown to be able to select the measurement depth according to the refractive index. The full width at half maximum of the peak of the reflected light in the confocal optical system is about 1mm. It can be said that the focus depth of the confocal reflection photodetection system is about 1.0 mm.

Fig. 6 EGA result in relation between the reference values and the predictive values

4.2 Near-infrared absorption of a skin tissue

The attenuation of the logarithm value of the reflection light intensity ratio that depended on the blood glucose level was confirmed in 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm in the depth of the measurement skin tissue. The possibility of presuming the blood glucose level from the reflection light intensity ratio logarithm value was shown from the logarithm value of the reflection light intensity ratio and the correlation of the bloodglucose level. However, the attenuation of the logarithm value of the reflection light intensity ratio that depended on the blood glucose level was not able to be confirmed by the depth of 1.0 mm. It is thought that this is because a steady measurement was not able to be done because the scattered structure of the skin tissue is organizing and it is not uniform. It will be necessary to examine the best measurement depth in detail in the future. The single regression analysis was done to the data of 1.5mm that the relation of the attenuation of the blood glucose reference value and the reflection light intensity was good in depth. Fig.

6 showed the relation of the predictive value forecast by the reference value and the

single regression analysis. And we used Error Grid Analysis (EGA). The EGA is developed a system for the evaluation of the clinical implications of patient generated blood glucose value, which takes into account the factors. A and B zone are clinical safety. C zone is a little danger. D and E zone are danger [12]. As a result of the single regression analysis, it was in the correlation with high blood glucose reference value and blood glucose forecast value. Moreover, all data was included in A and B zone in the result of EGA. The plot was distributed clinical within the effective range. Therefore, it was shown that the validity of the blood glucose level measurement by this system. And it is necessary to increase the number of measurements and to confirm the stability of the measurement.

5. CONCLUSION

The confocal optical system has been constructed by using the near-infrared laser, and the reflection photodetection system of the living body has been developed. The depth resolution of the system has been confirmed by measuring the polycarbonate plate. And it has been shown to be able to select the depth when the living body was measured. The possibility of presuming the blood glucose level from the reflection light intensity ratio logarithm value has been shown from the logarithm value of the reflection light intensity ratio and the correlation of the blood glucose level. And EGA plot has been built by these data. The measurement of this system has been shown an effective possibility clinical. Therefore, the possibility of measuring the blood glucose level has been shown. However, the attenuation of the logarithm value of the reflection light intensity ratio that depended on the blood glucose level according to depth has been not able to be confirmed. This is because a steady measurement was not able to be done

because the scattered structure of the skin tissue is organizing and it is not uniform. It will be necessary to examine the best measurement depth in detail in the future. And it is necessary to increase the number of measurements and to confirm the stability of the measurement. It is necessary to increase the number of subjects and to confirm the interindividual variation.

REFERENCES

[1] S. Y. Rhee, S. Chon, G. Koh, et al, “Clinical Experience of an Iontophoresis Based Glucose Measuring System”, J Korean Med Sci 2007, 22, pp.70-73, 2007. [2] 2009 International Diabetes Web Site,

“http:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/fa5191074.html,/content/foreword/”. [Accessed July 18, 2010].

[3] M. R. Robinson, R. P. Eaton, D. M. Haaland, G. W. Koepp, E. V. Thomas, B. R. Stallard, and P. L. Robinson, “Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring in Diabetic Patients:

A Preliminary Evaluation”, CLIN. CHEM,38-9, pp.1618-1622,1992.

[4] S. Koyama, Y. Miyauchi, H. Ishizawa, “Clinical Application of Non-invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring System”, J. Illum. Engng. Inst. Jpn., vol.95, no.5, 2011.

[5] S. Koyama, Y. Miyauchi, T. Horiguchi, H. Ishizawa, “Non-invasive Measurement of Blood Glucose of Diabetic Based on IR Spectroscopy”, SICE 2010, Taipei, p.3425, 3426, 2010. [6] Y. Miyauchi, T. Horiguchi, H. Ishizawa, S. Tezuka, and H. Hara, “Basis Examination for Development of Noninvasive Blood Glucose Measuring Instrument by Near-Infrared Confocal Optical System”, SICE 2010, Taipei,

pp.3427-3429, 2010.

[7] Y. Miyauchi, T. Horiguchi, H. Ishizawa, S. Tezuka, and H. Hara, “Near-infrared absorption measurement of biological body for the noninvasive blood glucose measuring instrument by confocal optical system”, The 49th Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering, FC-34-6, 2010.

[8] N.Nishiyama, C. Caneau, B.Hall, G. Guryanov, M. H. Hu, X. S. Liu, M. J. Li, R. Bhat, and C. E. Zha, “Long-Wavelength Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers on InP With Lattice Matched AlGaAs-InP DBR Grown by MOCVD”, J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron, 11-5, pp990-998, 2005.

[9] S. Kawada, "Super-resolution optics", Japan Scientific Societies Press, pp.33-52, 2005.

[10] M. Hatori, Y. Aoyama, I. Kobayashi, “Optical communication engineering (1)”, CORONA Publishing co., ltd, p.19, 20, 2001.

[11] Y. Ozaki and S. Kawada, "Near-infrared spectroscopy, The spectroscopical society of Japan, Serial measurement method 32", Japan Scientific Societies Press, p.44, 49, 1996.

译文:

通过共焦反射图像检测系统来测定血糖水平

摘要：在本研究中，共焦光学系统已经通过使用近红外激光建立，并且活体反射光检测系统也已经被开发出来了。该系统可降低皮肤组织影响的一个复杂的光散射并且实现了聚焦光学系统高度精确的测量。并且推定由近红外活体吸收血糖水平的非侵入式血糖仪发展的初步实验已经完成。在这份报告中，这个系统的血糖水平测量的原则已得到证实。在活体皮肤组织的反射光强度已在确定的系统中测量，并已与血糖水平的参考价值相比。因此，血糖水平取决于反射光的吸收已经得到证实。测量血糖水平的可能性已被证明。

关键词：共焦光学系统，非侵入性，血糖，近红外。

1.引言

最近，糖尿病患者显著增加[1，2]。自我血糖监测（SMBG）是治疗糖尿病必要的和不可缺少的。然而，目前的SMBG仅仅局限于需要采集血液的测量。患者有痛苦的负荷，压力，和花销等，因此，能够测量血糖水平的非侵入性血糖仪被寄予强烈厚望[3-5]在本研究中，使用近红外激光共焦光学系统已经建立，活体的反射光检测系统也已经被开发。并且推定血糖水平的近红外吸收的活体的非侵入式血糖仪发展的初步实验已经完成。该系统减少了一个复杂的散射光对皮肤组织的影响，，通过聚焦光学系统[6,7]实现高度精确的测量。

在这份报告中，共焦光学系统的焦深已得到证实。并且本系统的血糖水平测量的原则得到了确认。在活体皮肤组织的反射光强度已在建造的系统中得到测量，并已与血糖水平的参考价值相比。因此，血糖水平取决于反射光的吸收已经得到证实。测量血糖水平的可能性也已被证明。

2.实验方法

2.1测量系统图

图1显示了在本研究构建了系统的光学系统。一个波长为1.55微米的近红外光的VCSEL （垂直腔表面发射激光器）[8]用作该系统的光源， PD（砷化铟镓的PIN光电二极管，FGA21;THORLABS）用作光电探测器。这个系统是一个有深入解析和高度分辨率的聚焦的光学系统[9]。向上和向下移动窗口，可以检测从样品表面侧到样品内的反射光强度。由于使用的APC（自动功率控制）电路[10]，因此光源很稳定。

中英文参考文献格式

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表格 表格的题目格式与正文相同，靠左边，位于表格的上部。题目前加Table后跟数字，表示此文的第几个表格。 表格主体居中，边框粗细采用0.5磅；表格内文字采用Times New Roman，10磅。 举例： Table 1. The capitals, assets and revenue in listed banks

图表和图片 图表和图片的题目格式与正文相同，位于图表和图片的下部。题目前加Figure 后跟数字，表示此文的第几个图表。图表及题目都居中。只允许使用黑白图片和表格。 举例： Figure 1. The Trend of Economic Development 注：Figure与Table都不要缩写。 引用格式与参考文献 1. 在论文中的引用采取插入作者、年份和页数方式，如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This在论文中的引用采取作者和年份插入方式，如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This problem has been studied previously (Smith, 1958, pp.20-25)。文中插入的引用应该与文末参考文献相对应。 举例：Frankly speaking, it is just a simulating one made by the government, or a fake competition, directly speaking. (Gao, 2003, p.220). 2. 在文末参考文献中，姓前名后，姓与名之间以逗号分隔；如有两个作者，以and连接；如有三个或三个以上作者，前面的作者以逗号分隔，最后一个作者以and连接。 3. 参考文献中各项目以“点”分隔，最后以“点”结束。 4. 文末参考文献请按照以下格式：

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数控机床刀具设计论文中英文资料外文翻译文献综述

数控机床刀具设计 中英文资料 英语原文： Design Of Tool Machine Prop Research significance The original knife machine control procedures are designed individually, not used tool management system, features a single comparison, the knife only has to find the tool knife, knife positioning the shortest path, axis tool change, but does not support large-scale tool. Automatic knife in the knife election, in the computer memory knife-election on the basis of using the Siemens 840 D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its other machine. Automatic tool change systems will be faster growth, reduced tool change time, increase the positioning accuracy tool is an important means to help NC technology development. Tool and inventory components of modern production is an important link in the management, especially for large workshop D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its oth management. The traditional way of account management, and low efficiency, high error rate, and not sharing information and data, tools and the use of state can not track the life cycle, are unable to meet the current information management needs. With actual production, we have to establish a workshop tool for the three-dimensional tool storage system to meet the knife workshop with auxiliary storage and management needs. The system uses optimization technology, a large number of computer storage inventory information, timely, accurate, and comprehensive tool to reflect the inventory situation. The entire system uses a graphical interface, man-machine dialogue tips from the Chinese menu, select various functions can be realized and the importation of all kinds of information. Management system using online help function. Through the workshop management, network management and sharing of information. Have automated inventory management, warehousing management tool, a tool for the management and statistical functions. 1.System components and control structure The entire system, including the structure and electrical machinery control systems. 1.1.1Mechanical structure and working principle Tool from the stent, drive, drive system, Turret, shielding, control system, and electrical components. Support from the column, beam, the upper and lower guide Central track, and track support component.

统计学中英文对照外文翻译文献

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