文字资料中英翻译

舞茶道奶茶店的那个teabucks是什么意思啊？求正解。

在国内呆久了的人，多多少少都会常去喝茶。无论是工作需要下茶楼陪客人，还是三五知己

上名典咖啡与茶或私房茶聊天消遣。早已习惯了一进门入座就对小姐说：“一壶铁观音”或“乌龙呃唔该”，然后就开吹开吃，茶仿佛只是为了润喉解渴和互相斟加时的客套。即使到了专业的茶坊，人模狗样的坐在那里，看着漂亮或不漂亮的茶博士或温柔或利落地表演冲茶，故做懂行状接过杯子色迷迷的闻上一口，然后说“好茶啊好茶。。。”干笑几声，之后的主题还是吹牛，叙旧，讲古，筹划。名茶，虽然贵一点，香一点，还是被我们暴轸了。

时光飞转，世易时移，转眼到了多伦多，到处充斥的是Tim Hortons和StarBucks 的咖啡香，充满了甜腻与暧昧的诱惑。一日闲来无事，信步逛去，无意间发现了一个去处——绿茶坊。:

绿茶坊的老板娘是个精致的女人，待客真诚而热情。有一股书卷气，看的出来早年是个文学女青年，喜欢在一个春日的下午，一袭白衣坐在绿草地上，手拿一二本席幕容的诗或张爱玲的小说，低首不语掩卷叹息，抬头轻吁眼含泪花。现在虽然有了少许岁月的痕迹，却依然“是个简单而单纯的人，相信真情，热爱生活”，谈话中不时响起银铃般的笑声。偶尔也爱眯着眼仰起头，仿佛在聆听雪花飘舞的籁音或是享受那一刻的宁静。在尘世繁喧中浸淫的太久，忽然感觉到一种纯净自然和清新，于是就饶有风趣的攀谈起来。

说起绿茶，还真的大有学问呢...

星巴克

Starbucks的名声和绿色的美人鱼标志可谓家喻户晓，大家可能也多少听说过其中的故事，可是真要想详细的讲讲的时候，也是一件确实有难度的事情呢~

首先说说店名吧~，大家都知道Starbucks的名字来自于白鲸记中爱喝咖啡的大副。而具体是谁想到的这个名字就少有人知道了。

这还追述到70年代初期，那个卖咖啡豆子以及香料的Starbucks。Starbucks的名字实在是让星巴克的元老（三位）很是费心，Gordon Bowker与他的创意伙伴艺术家Terry Heckler 商量店名，他其实像要用“Pequod”这个名字，这个词来源于白鲸记中的那艘船。Terry Heckle 不同意这个意见他想要的是一个与众不同而又可以同美国西北部有关系的店名，他选中了雷尼尔山附近矿工聚集地的名字“Starbo”,又经过商量Gerald Baldwin重新把名字同他喜爱的白

鲸记拉上关系，Starbuck就是Pequod号上的爱喝咖啡的大副。Howard Schultz在自己的书中说这个名字让人想起了海上的冒险故事，也让人回忆起早年咖啡商人遨游四海寻找好咖啡豆的传统，多少有些饮水思源的寓意。

（1）以上部分资料来自《Pour your heart into it》Howard Schultz Dori Jones Yang 1997

而星巴克的标志就更有神秘色彩了，据说名字定下后，Terry Heckle开始研究其古老的海事书籍，后来找到了一幅16世纪斯堪的纳维亚Scandinavia的双尾美人鱼木雕（版画）图案，于是设计出了星巴克的标志，也就是美人鱼在中间周围围绕着STARBUCKS COFFEE TEA SPICES的字样，据我的调查，这个标志首次使用是在1971年的3月29日。当时的星巴克公司名称为

Starbuck’s Coffee Company(Washington corporation)

注册地址为2200 W.Emerson Place Seattle,Wash.98199

后来在1986年的11月18日注册了仅有STARBUCKS字样的这个标志，美人鱼的样子基本上没有变化，

1989年的6与6日所注册的商标（可能之前就已经在应用）有很大的改变，颜色换成了绿色，美人鱼依然是全身像，依然保留了肚脐眼儿，但脱离的版画的风格，而更像个标志了。

而后1994年1月11日星巴克公司完成了现在这个版本的标志注册。但并没有准确界定颜色，其实这个标志据说从92年就已开始使用。

后来又分别于95年12月以及97年12月进行了小的补充性的注册，前一次主要是明确界定了绿色，后一次在图案上有细微的改动，似乎仅涉及到线条粗细。

从星巴克的标志演变上不难看出，美人鱼是越来越含蓄了，从一开始的坦胸露乳到后来的已经很难分辨出她的双尾的版本。而首次的大改动（94版）就是像很多含蓄的美人照片一般将美人鱼的乳房用她的头发遮挡了起来。据说是源于顾客们的意见，他们觉得美人鱼的形象很具有攻击性，而且也有太多的“性”引诱的成分在里面。

这其是开始的标志太写实太直接的缘故吧？所以后面的更改都是在去除多余的元素，比如：去掉了感觉好像劈开的双腿般的鱼尾，那个姿势实在是太不雅观了，这也是现在的版本的最大进步。

这个重要的改动据说是来自Quantum Graphics & Design的Micheal Parent先生所为。他发现大家对岔开腿的美人鱼感觉不爽后主动找到Howard Schultz提交了自己的改动设计，当然了他为此也大赚了一笔。

不过被显示一半的鱼尾（由三叉变成了两叉，像螃蟹夹子），经常会被误认为是美人鱼的手。据说连星巴克的员工都不知道那螃蟹夹子其实是尾巴。

我想Terry Heckle先生之所以选定了美人鱼为标志，主要是取意为其吸引人的能力。

现在，在西雅图Pike's Place Market starbucks还保留着原来版本的logo。

针对星巴克的美人鱼很大的一个争论是就这一形象究竟是Sirens，还是Mermaid展开的

~

我参考的一篇重要文章How the Starbucks Siren Became Less Naughty 中也说到关于Sirens的解释。他在文中提及：

Basically, from what I gathered from different sources, including that book, there is a lot of confusion between the different mythological half-women. Typically they are called Sirens - both the half-bird/half-woman and the half-fish/half-woman varieties. The fish type are usually called Mermaids. Both types according to the ancient Greeks were in the business of seducing mariners with songs and promises of sex and then killing them, but Hans Christian Andersen and Disney mostly made everybody forget that.

他认为Sirens 是指半兽半女人的妖怪包括半鱼半女人以及半鸟半女人等很多种类。而半鱼半女人的则才被称为Mermaid.为此我也查找了手中的资料。

摘录其中一些如下：

The Sirens

In Greek mythology sirens were sea nymphs who lured sailors with their sweet singing, causing their ships to founder. Odysseus overcame the temptation by tying himself to his ship’s mast as shown in this painting by 19th-century French artist Leon Belly in the Musée de l’Hotel Sandelin in Saint Omer, France.Encarta Encyclopedia

Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2005.

而我的1929年的第14版大英百科全书Encyclopaedia Britannica 更详尽的指出：

In Greek mythology, The daughters of Phorcys the sea-god. or, in later legend of the river-god Achelous and one of the nymphs. In Homer their are two in number; their home is an island in the western sea between Aeaea, the island of Circe, and the rock of Scylla.。

可以肯定的是，她们用歌声迷惑水手。Odysseus (奥德修斯)因得到Circe（能将人变猪的女巫）的警告，用蜡封住自己的耳朵，而逃过Sirens的歌声…

所以我认为，把Sirens翻译成美人鱼也未尝不可，尽管还有Mermaid一词，有的星巴克店员会将她说成海神一类，其实倒也算不上错误。

而且Odysseus遭遇Sirens的地方就在意大利，同我们遭遇espresso的地方差不多~不知道是否Terry Heckle也是这么想的（哈哈哈，我开始胡说了。）

星巴克选取这个标志简直是太恰当了，尽管美人鱼有些坏名声，可是咖啡又何尝不是呢？星巴克的美人鱼不唱歌，取而代之的是她手中的咖啡杯，其中的香气正如歌声，你要想学Odysseus，恐怕只好用蜡封住自己的鼻子了。

而得益于星巴克的发展设计师们也赋予了美人鱼越来越丰富的形象。新的周年综合的包装上我们终于看到了美人鱼的全身像，而且不同于设计的版本，而是又回到了写实，不过这次美人鱼可是漂亮多了~ 我们也早就忘记了那个曾经迷惑水手的她，星巴克使得她变成了我们的以咖啡待客的芳邻。

英语美文(带翻译)

Always will I seek the seed of triumph in every adversity 在困境中寻找成功的希望 1．There is no better school than adversity. Every defeat, every heartbreak, every loss, contains its own seed, its own lesson on how to improve my performance next time. Never again will I contribute to my downfall by refusing to face the truth and learn from my past mistakes. Because I know: gems cannot shine without polish, and I cannot perfect myself without hardship. 2．Now I know that there are no times in life when opportunity, the chance to be and do, gathers so richly about my soul as when it has to suffer cruel adversity. Then everything depends on whether I raise my head or lower it in seeking help. Whenever I am struck down, in the future, by any terrible defeat, I will always inquire of myself, after the first pain has passed how I can turn that adversity into good. What a great opportunity that moment might present… to take the bitter root I am holding and transform it into a fragrant garden of flowers. 3．Always will I seek the seed of triumph in every adversity. 1．逆境是一所最好的学校每一次打击、每一次损失。都蕴含着成功的萌芽。都教会我在下一次有更出色的表现。我再也不会逃避现实，也不会拒绝从以往的错误中获取经验，我不再因此促成自己的失败。因为我我知道，宝玉不经磨砺就不能发光，没有磨练，我也不完善自我。 2．现在我知道，灵魂倍受煎熬的时刻，也正是生命中最多选择与机会的时刻。任何事情的成败取决于我在寻求帮助时是抬起头还是低下头。无论何时，当我被可怕的失败击倒，在最初的阵痛过去之后，我都要想方设法将苦难变成好事。伟大的机遇就在这一刻闪现——这苦涩的根本必将迎来满园芬芳！ 3．我将一直在困境中寻找成功希望。 Hold Fast to Dreams 紧紧抓住梦想 1．We all have dreams. We all want to believe deep down in our souls that we have a special gift, that we can make a difference, that we can touch others in a special way, and that we can make the world a better place. 2．At one time in our lives, we all had a vision for the quality of life that we desire and deserve. Yet, for many of us, those dreams have become so shrouded in the frustrations and routines of daily life that we no longer even make an effort to accomplish them. For far too many, the dream has dissipated and with it, so has the will to shape our destinies. Many have lost that sense of certainty that creates the winner’s edge.

中西语言文化差异与英汉互译

中西语言文化差异与英汉互译 【摘要】不同的国家有着不同的语言文化，翻译与文化有着密可不分的联系。文化的共性使翻译成为可能，但其语言文化的个性又给翻译活动设置了障碍。我国汉族文化与英、美等西方文化之间存在很大差异，这种差异造成思维方式不同，具体体现在汉、英两种语言上的互译上。因此，在当今全球化竞争日益激烈的形势下，把中英文翻译地更准确更贴近两种语言文化氛围是十分必要的。 【关键词】思维方式；差异；英汉翻译 0.引言 翻译作为语际交际是语言的转换过程，同时也是文化交融的过程。在很大程度上，它与文化因素、背景知识有很大的关系。翻译作为沟通两种不同语言的桥梁，在跨文化交际中起着不可或缺的重要作用。然而，不同的语言文字有着其自身的文化内涵：一种语言文字中的某些含义，有时候很难通过译文用另一种语言文字传达给读者，而翻译中所失去的恰恰就是跨语言文化的内涵与微妙。正因为如此，翻译工作者就要从提高自身的素质方面出发，努力创造出既符合我国国情，又符合英语特点，并能让英语国家人们读懂和理解的英语表达法。 1.中西语言文化差异 由于中西方文化差异的影响，英语重形合，而汉语重意合。由于中国传统的思想把人与自然看成是一个有机的整体，从而形成了汉民族汉语重意合和具象思维的特点。西方的哲学家认为人类可以征服自然，这使得他们常把观察的视点放在动作的承受者上，所以，英语中存在大量的被动语态。另外，汉民族的思维受道家和儒家思想的影响，汉语常用人称作主语，经常会用“有人”“人们”“大家”等泛指人称或省略主语的无主句。同时在对待时间的态度上，中国人以过去为取向，无论人们做什么都要考虑此事过去是否做过，而西方人尤其是英美人则习惯未来取向，主张一切着眼于未来。从而决定了中国人偏重顺向的和螺旋式的思维，而西方人则偏重于逆向和直线式的思维。英语具有明显的词形变化、形式多样的语法形式。而汉语无词形变化，语法形式的表达主要依靠词汇手段。英语可通过动词的屈折变化来体现不同的时态，而汉语因无词形变化需借助于词汇手段即表示时间的副词来交代动作发生的时间。英语是形合语言，这源于西方人习惯于分析，逻辑和推理，思维模式呈线性。反映在语言上是注重形态变化和语法结构，多用关联词语体现句子内部和句子之间的关系，结构较明晰。而汉语是意合语言，中国人讲注重整体和谐，具有直观性、综合性和整体性特点，汉语思维重综合和意会，反映在句子成分和结构上相对不明晰，这些差异在语篇衔接上有所体现，作为在作者和读者之间起到桥梁作用的译者，应该了解英汉语篇连接上的差异，需要使用一些翻译策略，使译文通顺连贯。 2.差异与英汉互译

英美文化差异

英美文化差异 英国人和美国人虽然说着相同的语言，却有着许多完全不同的处事态度与生活习惯。在很多生活细节上，你一眼就能区分出高冷的英国人和不拘小节的美国人。 一、语言 语言与文化的关系相当密切。著名美国翻译理论家奈达在描述语言与文 化的关系时说：“语言永远是文化的一个组成部分，任何文章所表达的意思都 直接或间接地与所属文化相关联。归根结底，离开了相关文化，词汇就失去 了意义。文化的不同自然而然意味着语言的不同……”由此可见，文化差异包 括语言差异。 英国英语和美国英语并不是两种独立的语言。众所周知，美国是由英国 在北美的殖民地摆脱英国殖民统治而独立的国家，英语也是被移民美国的英 国人带去的。在过去的几百年时间里，英国英语和美国英语都发生了很大变化，他们的发展各不相同，但是两者之间的差异并不大。这些差异体现在发音、拼写、词汇等方面。 正如每个地方有自己的方言一样，英美两国由于地理位置相距甚远，发 音规律各不相同。这也正是为什么人们把英语发音归为英音和美音两类。在 拼写上，美国英语较之英国英语更简洁，更接近发音，如color(美)/colour(英)，realize(美)/realise(英)，theater(美)/theatre(英)，prolog(美)/prologue(英)。英美语 言在词汇方面的差异体现在英国人和美国人在表达同样的意思时选词倾向不同，如flat(英) /apartment(美)，lift(英)/elevator(美)，rubber(英)/eraser(美)，postbox(英)/mailbox(美)，film(英)/movie(美)。 二、人口 英美两国同为移民国家，但人口组成各不相同。 英国是由历史上不同时期从欧洲入侵英国的不同人种组成，包括伊比利 亚人(Iberians)、凯尔特人(Celts)、古罗马人(Romans)、盎格鲁——撒克逊人(Anglo—Saxons)、北欧人(Danes)、诺曼人(Normans)。其中入侵英国的日尔曼

英语美文欣赏带翻译

Friends or 'Enemies?' When I was younger, my Dad used to tell me: "Boys don't want to be your friend." He then left the rest to my imagination. At the time, I didn't agree. I thought: I can crack a good joke, I know how to shoot a hoop, and I'm a cheerful person (but not in an annoying way). What kind of boy wouldn't want to be around that kind of girl? Turns out, my Dad was right. Not to be all "Samantha Brick" about it, but in my experience, single, heterosexual men aren't actively looking for an exclusively platonic relationship with a woman they find sexually attractive. This of course is not a revolutionary concept. In fact, it seems pretty natural to me. Now, I will be the first to say that it is really and truly the most wonderful thing in the world if the attraction is mutual. But the Powers That Be seem to like to play these complicated little mating games with humans where the guy we want to re-enact scenes from 9? Weeks with sees our attractiveness level as akin to that of a discarded dishcloth, and the most physical we could see ourselves being with the guy who actually likes us is a game of ping pong over an especially long table. All of which means that someone usually ends up getting rejected. I'm sure I'm not alone when I say I have struggled with the scenario where I am not interested in a man romantically, but I want to keep him as a friend because he is funny and I enjoy his company, or he has shown himself to be that rare specimen known as "a nice, genuine person, " or he simply doesn't mention his therapist in every other sentence. Rather than string him along and give him hope, I feel compelled to somehow communicate to him sooner rather than later that we'll just be staying friends, nothing more. Otherwise, I think I am being unfair to him. Why should he waste his romantic stamina on me when there are loads of other single women out there who might fall instantly in love with him? The thing is, it can sometimes be tricky to reject a man and keep him as a friend. If the operation is not executed carefully, you may end up creating a "menemy." It requires a certain amount of skill to be able to turn down a man's sexual advances or romantic gestures and then get him to agree to meet you for blueberry pancakes the following weekend and chat about the latest Woody Allen film. Some men aren't satisfied with just that. I'm not clear why. What's so bad about friendship? Everyone needs buddies. But I've seen men react poorly or simply fall off the face of the earth. I get it -- their feelings are hurt. None of us likes getting rejected. But in my experience, some men find it especially soul-crushing. I am only bringing all of this up because I recently had to go through this scenario again. I had spent some time cultivating a friendship with a man who, in my defense, I thought was gay. So I didn't see the harm in him buying me the occasional falafel, or accepting an invitation to see a film with him. Isn't that what friends are for? But a mutual friend shed light on his sexual orientation (straight) and suggested that his intentions -- and attentions -- weren't platonic. He had never "made the moves" but now it was all crystal clear -- that explains the way he had looked at me that time the tahini sauce dribbled down my chin! Since he had clearly been too timid to express his feelings, I thought I would be clever this time and subtly mention the dates I had been going on, focusing on the one guy I was kind of keen on, so that he would know that I was "unavailable" for heavy petting and those sorts of activities, but that I was available for things like roller skating, falafel-eating and shooting the breeze. Doesn't that sound nice? That way, he would known not to try to lean in for a kiss, and I wouldn't have to pull the Stevie Wonder dance and dodge him went he went for it. It was like pre-rejection, yet I was sparing his feelings because he didn't even have to put himself out there! I really thought I was being brilliant. It backfired, of course. Said man ended up sending me an email rant accusing me of being insensitive by talking about other men when he had "feelings for me." As if I am psychic, by the way, just because I am a woman! How was I supposed to know that? I think in his mind we were dating. In my mind, he was my new gay BFF. In the end, I got mad at him for getting mad at me, and now the friendship has ended. And I have created yet another "menemy." Look, I have also tried the direct thing: "I really like you, but only as a friend, " but you can only do that when the guy has made his intentions clear, and in my experience, they either cope okay (though rarely do I feel much enthusiasm for friendship after that), or they really don't cope well. I also tried the thing where you make them think they are rejecting you, but it gets quite confusing and only works if the guy isn't very sharp, and why would I -- or you -- be hanging out with someone not that sharp in the first place? As we all remember, Billy Crystal's character says men and women can't be friends in When Harry Met Sally because the sex stuff gets in the way. I do have single, male, heterosexual friends with whom I have an easy, non-romantic rapport, but I honestly don't know if they would walk away if I was sprawled naked on a bed calling out to them. I may not be everybody's cup of tea, but sometimes, I wonder if they wonder. And they may wonder if I wonder. If so, I hope they'll keep it to

英语励志短文带翻译

Evaluation Only. Created with Aspose.Words. Copyright 2003-2015 Aspose Pty Ltd.英语励志短文带翻译 英语励志短文：A New Day （崭新的一天） The sun has begun to set and I hang up the smile I’ve worn all day, though I will make sure it is the first thing I put back on in the mo rning just in case it is “that day.” I want her to see me at my very best. 太阳将要下山，我收起挂了一天的微笑，不过我会确保明天早上第一件事就是将它又挂回去，以防这天就是“那一天”。我希望她看到我的最佳状态。 I do the normal routine, eat dinner, clean the house, write—the usual stuff. And then I lay down hoping to fall asleep quickly so my new day will hurry up and arrive. A new day with a brand new sun. But as I lay there and wait for the world to turn half way around, I think about her. And sometimes I smile, and sometimes that smile will turn into asnicker, and then often that snicker will turn into a burst of laughter. 我按平时的规律吃晚餐、打扫屋子、写作——做着日常事务。然后我躺下，希望能快点入睡，新的一天就能快点到来——拥有新生太阳的崭新的一天。可当我躺在那儿，等待着世界的日夜回转时，我想到了她。有时我会笑起来，有时那微笑变成了窃笑，然后窃笑又常常变成爆笑。 And then there are times I get that lump in my throat and that tight feeling in my chest, and sometimes that feeling overwhelms me and begins to turn into a tear, and often that tear multiplies itself and I can no longer fight the feeling and I lose the battle. Then somehow through either the joy or the sadness I drift and find myself asleep. Then the dreams begin and keep me company until my new day arrives. 也有些时候，我的喉咙像是被一块东西哽住了，胸口发闷;有时那种伤感席卷 而来，我开始流泪，眼泪常常越流越多，我再也无力抵抗悲伤，败下阵来。然后不知怎的，我在或喜悦或悲伤中飘荡，逐渐入眠。然后梦境开始伴我左右，直至新的一天到来。 When I awake it’s with such excitement because I tell m yself this could be the day that every other day has led up to and the first day of the rest of my life. I quickly don my smile because I do so want her to see me at my very best. Then I look out the window because, even though I know it’s dawn, I still have to confirm I’ve been given another chance to find her.

英美文化与英汉翻译(1-12)

制作时间：2004年7月21日英美文化与英汉翻译(第1-12期) 作者：snowry_yhn 编辑、制作：yangbb 第1期 MAVERICK (2) 第2期 FBI & SLOAN-KETTERING (3) 第3期 AMA (4) 第4期 GATT (5) 第5期 WESTERN (6) 第6期 GIS & YANK (7) 第7期 GILTS (8) 第8期 JV (9) 第9期 AT&T (10) 第10期 GDP (11) 第11期 MAFIA (12) 第12期 GURU (13) 转载请注明出处，谢谢！

制作时间：2004年7月21日［yangbb语］ 终于完工了，而且今天是自己的生日，就把这个包子作为生日 礼物送给自己吧！呵呵，好高兴啊！ 其实做包子真的是件比较苦的事情，而且体力劳动远大于脑力劳动。但是我想，如果自己辛苦做出来的包子没有人分享，那才是真正 可悲的事情。所以沪友一定要支持我们的劳动啊！ 还有两点提醒一下（不要骂我啊，我马上就说完）： 1．本文档版权归沪江所有，尊重原创，请网友在转载时注明出处，非常感谢！ 2．本文档按A4幅面制作，有条件的网友可直接打印。 ［snowry_yhn语］ 了解英美文化对我们的英语学习是很有必要的，特别是对于翻译！ “白象牌运动鞋”怎么翻译呢？是“White Elephant Sports Shoes” 吗？大家知道White Elephant 在英语中是什么意思吗？”yellow pub lications"又该怎么翻译呢？是"黄色出版物"吗？ 由于缺乏对英美文化的了解而造成的误译、谬译或交际中断经常发生。我们这个栏目就是希望让大家更多的了解一些英美文化，基于snow的实际水平，有错误的地方请大家多多包涵！ 第1期 Maverick Maverick

中国文化汉英翻译材料(1)

Exercise I. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.如今，作为东方艺术的一颗璀璨的明珠，京剧不仅在中国各地喜闻乐见，而且已被全世界人民广泛接受。 2.根据所表演角色的性别、年龄和社会地位的不同，演员角色分成四类：生（男角）、旦（女角）、净（花脸男角）、丑 （丑角）。 3.京剧的独特艺术魅力使它经久不衰：它创造了一种台上台下演员观众相互交融的美学欣赏与享受。 4.他曾成功地塑造了许多古代中国妇女的形象，完美地表现了她们的温柔、优雅和细腻。 5.梅兰芳也是把京剧介绍到国外的第一人。 6.作为中国的文化瑰宝，京剧必将获得全中国和全世界人民越来越多的喜爱。 Key to Exercise I. 1.Today, as one of the glowing pearls of oriental arts, not only has Beijing Opera been widely enjoyed all over China, it has also been well received all over the world. 2.According to the gender, age and social position of the different roles which they play, actors and actresses are divided into four categories: sheng (male roles), dan (female roles), jing (male roles with facial paintings) and chou (clowns). 3.The uniqueness of Beijing Opera makes its artistic charm so everlasting: the creation of an aesthetic co-appreciation between the actors and actresses on stage and the audience off stage. 4.Mei Lanfang had created very successfully various images of ancient Chinese women and expressed their tenderness, elegance and subtlety. 5.Mei Lanfang was also the first person who introduced Beijing Opera to foreign countries. 6.Being a great treasure of the Chinese culture, Beijing Opera will surely be more and more appreciated by people in China and in the whole world. Exercise II. Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. 著名的京剧武生徐力先生最近接受了我们舞蹈学校的邀请，担任高级舞蹈教员。武生是京剧中的一个重要生角。武生的特点是武艺好，身手矫健敏捷。武生演员常通过在舞台上翻滚武打（tumbles, tweists, and somersaults）来表现他们高超的武艺。武生的动作准确有力，是大量艰苦训练的结果。 中国古典舞蹈和民族舞蹈的舞台技巧和身段（floor skills and postures）大多来自中国传统戏曲的武功（acrobatic skills）。我们舞蹈学校非常荣幸能够请到徐先生教授女子班毯子功(floor skills)和男子班的功夫课。有关课程安排请点击此网址。 Key to Ex. II Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. A Rare Opportunity The famous Beijing Opera performer of Wu Sheng (acrobatic male role), Mr Xu Li, recently accepted an engagement with our Dancing School. Wu Sheng is a very important role in Beijing Opera. It requires a high level of acrobatic skills. Wu Sheng actors often show off their skills with tumbles, twists, and somersaults on the stage. These skills and movements require great precision in timing and strength, which takes a lot of training and exercise. Many of the floor skills and postures of classic and ethnic Chinese dances were originally from the acrobatic skills of traditional Chinese operas. Our dancing school is very fortunate to have Mr Xu Li to teach our Floor Skills class for girls and Kungfu class for boys. For class schedule, please click HERE. Exercise III. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.齐白石以革新水墨画和毕生献身于这项中国的传统艺术形式而闻名于世。 2.他在几天后把那幅画重画了很多次，但是总比不上他当天即兴完成的作品。 3.兰亭序的极高的艺术价值促使更多书法家临摹王羲之的字体。 4.一个好的书法家所写出来的字必须充满生气，活力并具备完美的形体。 5.书法是一门艺术，它需要清醒的头脑以及对毛笔有全面的掌握。 6.这个年轻演员认识到自己的演技还差，无法与他老师的演技相提并论。 Key Exercise III.

论语言文化与翻译技巧

2009年4月 第6卷第4期 Journal of Hubei University of Economics(Humanities and Social Sciences) 湖北经济学院学报（人文社会科学版） Apr.2009Vol.6No.4 一、英汉互译应注意文化差异 众所周知，文化差异是翻译中的一大障碍。任何译者都必然会遇到它。这是因为不论笔译还是口译都是借助语言来完成的；而语言本身就是文化信息的载体与容器。 [1] 而且语言与 文化密不可分，即“语言与文化的联系既多样又广泛。毫无疑问，学者、作家及社会活动家的写作活动是民族文化的重要因素，它对语言规范的发展有着影响。”从翻译的角度来看，文化差异往往通过对两种不同语言文字的比较与对照得到真实的体现，而译者必须尊重各民族语言文化的同时，还必须考虑各民族的适应度和可接受度。在交际时，译者必须介绍该民族文化在语言交际中的差异，否则就造成很大的笑话。据说一个由于文化的差异，而造成语言交流时的误解故事，即一个很流行的故事就是有位中国官员携妻子访美，在与美国员相遇寒暄时，双方都忽视了对方的语言文化差异而造成语义误解的尴尬局面。从这个事例中我们可领悟道译者在口笔译时都必须从不同的文化背景，文化常识等知识的角度去理解其语言语义。比如译者所进行的是英译汉，他或她就须首先想到本民族读者所特有的语言文化，照顾其身份与利益，扬长避短，使一些难为本民族读者所接受的文化因素尽量离他们远一些，或提醒他们以批判的态度待之，在可让译文适合欧化的同时，注意使用规范的词与句，要尽可能地从汉语中去寻找现成或规范的部分，有时即便无计可施也得设法为之，这就是翻之技巧。当然还可采用加脚注的办法，其目的都是为了消除文化上的障碍，理解上的困难。 如：“You don ’t want to lose Larry altogether,do you ?” She shook her head. S.Maugham:THE RAZOR ’S EDGE,p.256. “你不想完全失掉拉里，是吗？”她点头。 周煦良译：《刀锋》，第245页。 [2] 从译文看，译者很了解原语的文化背景，并善于处理文化差异所造成的理解障碍，即将shook 摇头译成点头。摇头是英美人同意否定句问话的习惯，译者为了使中国读者不至误会，而译成了点头。这里的文化差异在于：回答否定句时，英美人是着眼于所问的内容，而中国人则着眼于问话本身的正确与 否。所以译者的译文是恰到好处的。达到了使广大读者也无理解困难或异议。 就语言文化本身来言，一民族的文化之所以是另一民族理解和翻译的障碍，是因为它事先未为这个民族的人所了解。不管是英译汉还是汉译英，译者除了重视东西文化之间的差异外，还应重视其它翻译技巧。如“读者对等”“归化、异化”等等。 就“读者对等”而言，它是奈达有名的“灵活对等”理论的一个极为重要的部分。而众多的奈达的研究者们看中的只是他的语言形式、语言风格、语言神韵的对等，对“读者对等”这一部分采取视而不见的态度。而谭载喜在《奈达论翻译》一书中从读者反应这一角度对奈达的理论又进行了卓有成效的概括与研究。他在《翻译的性质》这一章中，特别强调论述了这一点，奈达主张，从读者的角度来看翻译，则必须引进另一观点，要看译作能否被读者所理解、衡量它的标准不仅在于译文中词句能否被理解，还在于读者对整个译文会产生什么样的反应。[3]这无疑告诉了翻译工作者在英汉互译时不仅要注重读者的反应，也要注意语义上的对等原则。 二、英汉互译应注意语义上的对等原则 1.最切近对等原则的实现 语言文化的差异，使双语翻译中绝对对等的实现难以完全达到，然而在可能的范围内尽量地贴近则是可以达到的。当然英语属印欧语系，汉语属于汉藏语系，双语的表达方式有不尽相同的地方，在这种情况下，一个成功的翻译者要学会灵活地加以变通，准确地再现原语的精神，追求最切近对等原则的实现，从而实现对等。例如： （1）鸳鸯道：家生女儿怎么样？牛不吃水强按头。（《红楼梦》四十六回） “It makes no odds ”,said Faithful,“You can take an ox to the water,but you can ’t make him drink (Hawkes) “What difference does it make?You can ’t force an ox to bend its head to drink ”,said Yuan yang.(Yang) 霍克斯将英谚中“You can take a horse to the water,but you can ’t make him drink ”作了变通，这样既保持了汉语谚语 的表达力，也成功地达到了对等。对西方读者而言，也是一点 论语言文化与翻译技巧 王芳，张君 (湖南工业大学外国语学院，湖南株洲412008) 摘 要：语言是交际的工具,是文化信息的,若忽略了语言与文化,无论怎么说都难以获得成功的译文；同样是 翻译，译文还有高下优劣之分。好的译文不仅符合作者的原意，还能传达其微妙之处，使读者能很好理解原文要旨，感受其风格等。本文试图用一些例证，以印证语言文化与翻译技巧的重要性。 关键词：文化；翻译；技巧 122··

英美文化与英汉翻译

Introductory Remarks ①．White elephant昂贵而无用的东西 ②．Yellow publications低级趣味出版物 ③．Lame duck跛鸭：不能连任的人 ④．Disinformation假情报 ⑤．Hegemony势力范围 ⑥．Mentor保护人 ⑦．Deep throat秘密消息的来源 ⑧．Paint lily多此一举 ⑨．Smoking gun确凿的犯罪证据 ⑩．Be in high cotton兴隆 ?．Barter trade交换贸易 ?．BBS电子布告栏系统 ?．Anonymous remailer匿名转信站 ?．Cybersalon网络咖啡厅 ?．Cyberspace网络世界 ?．Online prank网络恶作剧 ?．CPI消费者物价指数 ?．ISDN综合服务数字网络 ?．OPEC石油输出国组织 ?．Mitnick affair米尼克事件 21．World Wide Web万维网，全球信息网 22．Cellular phone蜂巢式移动电话 23．Genetic engineering遗传工程 24．The economics of Cloning复制人的经济分析 25．G-7七大工业国集团 26．Reaganomics里根经济学 27．Junk bond垃圾债券 28．Face the music了解美国军队惩罚违纪士兵的方式方法 29．Talk turkey了解美国白人的伪善 30．Come down to the brass tacks了解美国工人的过去 31．Go to the dogs了解英美人破产的辛酸 32．Samaritan源自《圣经》中，指乐善好施者 33．Green Berets指头戴绿色贝雷帽的美国特种部队 34．An Eagle Scout指美国的飞鹰童子军 35．American Dream表意是“美国梦” 36．Forbes list指美国《富布斯》富翁排行榜 37．Madison Avenue是麦迪逊大街，代指美国广告中心 38．A rags-to-riches legacy是美国梦的一个重要的内容，指“留下一笔‘白手起家发财’的遗产” 39．Social Security指美国的“社会保障条例” 40．Medicare指美国为65岁以上的老人专设的“老年保健医疗制” 41．Negative income tax指美国社会的“最低收入补贴” 42．A scapegoat替罪羊

中国文化翻译练习10篇2

一、对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有开拓变化和团结凝聚的寓意。 (1) 对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。Chinese Dragon totem worship in China has been around for over 8,000 years. (2) 中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。 The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) as a fetish that combine s animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. (3) 中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. (4) 在中国人的心目中，龙具有开拓变化和团结凝聚的寓意。 To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.

二、秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同时他们也乐在其中。 (1) 秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。 Yangko is one of the traditional folk dances of Han nationality in China. It is usually performed in Northern provinces. (2) 秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。 The dancers usually wear / are dressed in colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. (3) 在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。 During some festivals such as the Spring Festival, the