英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编6.doc

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编6

(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)

1.英译汉（分数：

2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.The 1992 Rio conference was a high watermark for environmental law. Despite all the many accomplishments since then, we must now acknowledge that Rio has not fulfilled the promises with which the world invested it. After 50 years of diligent and sophisticated work by environmental lawyers on legislation, regulation, principles, treaties, and judicial decisions, how is it that the " actual landscape" of the world"s resources is still "slipping two steps backward for each forward stride"? Part of the explanation for that disappointing result can be found in the statements issued by a distinguished international collection of prosecutors, judges, and legal scholars at the Rio + 20-re-lated World Congress on Justice, Governance, and Law for Environmental Sustainability. They focused almost exclusively on matters of substantive doctrine and legal procedure. Recommitment to enhancing "law" in this narrow sense—a body of formal rules and principles and the judicial and prosecutorial mechanisms for their application and enforcement —certainly has great value, and that work should go forward vigorously. But the ongoing ecological deterioration is traceable in large part to pervasive social and political attitudes favoring a growth-based model of economic "development" that steadily intensifies human appropriation of planetary resources. To address the root of the problem, it will be argued here, environmental law needs a more expansive society-based conception of "law", one that activates law as a social institution engaged broadly with the habits and customs, the expectations and aspirations, of people and organizations in their daily lives. Environmental lawyers, then, need a fresh and bold reimagination of their mission, to hone and use their persuasive and analytical skills in creative ways to alter the social dynamic underlying environmental change and to foment a deep commitment to effective stewardship of resources.（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Never before had the world such a tremendous scientific-technical potential, such a capacity to generate wealth and well-being. Authentic technological wonders that have made any place in the world to be always close with regard to distances and communications have not been capable of bringing well-being for everybody, but only for a meager 15% living in the countries of the North. The abysm between North and South is now so huge, that the unsustainability of the current economic order and the blindness of the people who try to justify continuing to enjoy opulence and waste, are evident. The great possibilities that a globalization of solidarity and true cooperation could bring to all people in the world through the scientific-technical wonders, have been reduced by the neo-liberal model to this grotesque caricature full of exploitation and social injustice. We were asked to be ultra-liberal in trade and to lift any barrier, which may obstruct the imports coming from the North, but the oral champions of free trade actually are the champions in the praxis of protectionism. The North spends one billion dollars a day in practicing what has been banned from doing, that is, subsidizing inefficient products. Today, vis-a-vis the obvious failure of neoliberalism and the great threat that the International Economic Order represents for the South, it is necessary to retake the Spirit of the South by forming an alliance among ourselves.（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.After months of speculation, the final 22,000-character overview of China"s "third plenum" was published on November 15 th. In the economic sphere the document turned out to be bolder than the initial summary suggested, but the document"s interest lies not just in the economic reforms,

which were anticipated. More striking were some of the social changes the document announced, such as the relaxation of the one-child policy. A couple in which one parent is an only child will be allowed to have two children, and the policy is likely to be loosened even further. In another widely welcomed move, labour camps are to be abolished. But possibly the most important announcements were buried deep in the document and grabbed fewer headlines. Two moves in particular, namely allowing the development of " social organisations" or NGOs in essence and the separation of judicial jurisdiction systems from administrative areas, showed that the party is sensitive to the ferment in Chinese society and the demands for greater liberty and accountability that accompany it. That these two gestures towards reform were mentioned at all is encouraging, and the world is keen to know whether Chinese leadership will honor their words in the plenary document that they " dare to gnaw through even tough bones, dare to ford dangerous rapids, break through the fetters of ideological concepts with even greater resolution. "（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.The Center, for the Implementation of Public Policies Promoting Equity and Growth ( CIP-PEC) is a leading think tank in Argentina. It is a private, non-profit organization that strives to create a more just, democratic and efficient public sector in Argentina, and is devoted to the study of the education, health, fiscal, political, judicial and public management systems, in order to determine needs, opportunities, and obstacles for the implementation of effective public policies. The think tank elaborates and disseminates technical information about the functioning of Argentine institutions to promote the accountability of public officials. CIPPEC also provides technical assistance to provincial governments and municipalities, and maintains regional networks working on topics such as parliamentary transparency, democratic institutions, regional integration, etc. Its current projects consist of two training courses on quantitative methods to analyze international trade and financial tools for SMEs as well as a joint study on a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system for the agency. (155 words)（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.The huge earthquake that hit off the coast of northeastern Miyagi prefecture earlier this year was a harsh reminder of the more elemental dangers that can threaten economic activity on the crowded and seismically vulnerable Japanese archipelago. Weighing the full implications of the natural disaster will take time. Yet the earthquake at the very least throws a huge question mark over an economic recovery that economists had hoped would gather steam in 2011 after stalling in the last three months of 2010. Although the areas worst hit are far less economically significant than the coastal industry zones, which suffered widespread stoppages after the 1995 Kobe earthquake, the disaster could heighten recent uncertainty among consumers and investors about the prospects for Japan " s continued recovery from its worst postwar recession. Learning from the lessons of the devastating disaster in 1995, the government and insurance companies have been actively encouraging even smaller companies to draw up detailed " business continuity plans" intended to minimize losses and aid quick recoveries. In the longer term, the earthquake is certain to force heavy spending on construction and public works in the affected region. The terrifying footage of tsunami carrying away whole buildings makes it clear that dealing with the damage will require huge effort and heavy investment. (212 words)（分数：2.00）

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