韩愈-师说翻译

韩愈·《师说》英译

古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也，固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也，亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。

嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣，欲人之无惑也难矣。古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医、乐师、百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也，位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。”呜呼！师道之不复，可知矣。巫医、乐师、百工之人，君子不齿。今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！

圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰：“三人行，则必有我师。”是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子。闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。

李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作《师说》以贻之。

On the Teacher

Han Yu

In ancient times scholars always had teachers. It takes a teacher to transmit the Way, impart knowledge and resolve doubts. Since man is not born with knowledge, who can be without doubt? But doubt will never be resolved without a teacher. He who was born before me learned the Way before me, and I take him as my teacher. But if he who was born after me learned the Way before me, I also take him as my teacher. I take the Way as my teacher. Why should I care whether a man was born before or after me? Irrespective therefore of the distinction between the high-born and the lowly, and between age and youth, where the Way is, there is my teacher.

Alas, it has been a long time since the Way of the teacher was transmitted! And so it is difficult to expect people to be without doubt. Though ancient sages far surpassed the common folk, they nevertheless asked questions of their teachers. On the other hand, the masses of today, who are far inferior to the sages, are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Consequently, the sage became more sage, and the ignorant more ignorant. Indeed, is this not the reason why the sages were sage and the ignorant folk ignorant?

He who loves his son selects a teacher for the child?s education, but he is ashamed to learn from a teacher himself. He is indeed deluded. The teacher of a child is one who gives instruction on books and on the punctuation of sentences. This is not what I meant when I talked about one who transmits the Way and resolves doubts. To take a teacher for instruction in correct punctuation and not to take a teacher to help resolve doubts is to learn the unimportant and leave out the important. I do not see the wisdom of it. Shamans, doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to take one another as teachers. But, when the scholar-officials speak of teachers and pupils, there are those who get together and laugh at them. When questioned, their reply is that so and so is of the same age as so and so and that their understanding of the Way is similar. If one takes another who holds a low position as his teacher, it is something to be ashamed of. If it is some high official who is taken as a teacher, it is a form of flattery. Alas, the Way of the teacher is no longer understood! Shamans, doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not respected by a gentleman, but their wisdom is beyond that of the gentleman. Is this not strange?

Our sages had no constant teachers. Confuc ius took T‘an-tzu, Ch‘ang-hung, Shih-hsiang and Lao-tan as his teachers, all of whom were not so wise as himself. Said Confucius, ―Among three men who walk with me, there must be a teacher of mine‖. The pupil is therefore not necessarily inferior to the teacher, and the teacher is not necessarily wiser than the pupil. What makes the difference is that one has heard the Way before the other and that one is more specialized in his craft and trade than the other – that is all.

Li P‘an, who is seventeen, is fo nd of ancient literature and is deeply versed in the six arts, the classics and chronicles. Not subject to the trend of the day, he has studied under me. Pleased that he can practice the ancient Way, I have written this essay on the teacher to present to him.

（刘师舜译）

Han Yu

Since ancient times, to learn all men must have teachers, who pass on the truth and dispel ignorance. As men are not born wise, who can be free from ignorance? But ignorant men do not find teachers, they remain ignorant forever. Some teachers may be born before me and have learned the truth before me; I should therefore learn from them. Some may have been born after me, but learned the truth before me; I should also learn from them. As I seek the truth, I need not worry whether my teacher is my senior or junior. Whether he is noble or common, older or younger, whoever knows the truth can be a teacher.

Alas, since men have long ceased learning from teachers it is hard not to be ignorant. The old sages were far superior to common men, yet they sought the truth from teachers. Most men of today are far below those sages, yet they think it shameful to learn. That is why sages become more sage, while fools more foolish. No doubt this is what makes some sages and others fools.

A man who loves his son chooses a teacher for him but is ashamed to find one for himself. This is entirely wrong. All a child's teacher can do is give him a book and tell him how to read it sentence by sentence. This is not the teacher I have in mind who can pass on the truth and dispel ignorance. If we want to learn to read but not to dispel ignorance, we are learning the lesser and giving up the greater, which is hardly intelligent.

Physicians, musicians and artisans are not ashamed to learn from each other. But if one of the literati calls another man his teacher and himself pupil, people will flock to laugh at him. If you ask why, they will reply that the men are roughly equal in age and understanding. If one has a low social status, it is humiliating; if one is a high official, it looks like flattery. Clearly, to learn from a teacher is old-fashioned. Physicians, musicians and artisans are despised by gentlemen, yet they seem to be more intelligent. Is this not strange?

A sage has more than one teacher. Thus Confucius learned from Tan Zi, Chang Hong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Men like Tan Zi were inferior to Confucius, yet Confucius said, ―Out of three men, there must be one who can teach me.‖ So pupils are not necessarily inferior to their teachers, nor teachers better than their pupils. Some learn the truth earlier than others, and some have special skills – that is all.

Li Pan, seventeen, is fond of ancient literature, and has studied the six arts, the classics and the commentaries, not confining himself to what is in vogue today. He has studied with me, and as I admire his respect for the old traditions I am writing this essay on teachers for him.

（杨宪益、戴乃迭译）

Han Yu

In ancient times those who wanted to learn would seek out a teacher, one who could propagate the doctrine1, impart professional knowledge, and resolve doubts. Since no one is born omniscient, who can claim to have no doubts? If one has doubts and is not willing to learn from a teacher, his doubts will never be resolved. Anyone who was born before me and learned the doctrine before me is my teacher. Anyone who was born after me and learned the doctrine before me is also my teacher. Since what I desire to learn is the doctrine, why should I care whether he was born before or after me? Therefore, it does not matter whether a person is high or low in position, young or old in age. Where there is the doctrine, there is my teacher.

Alas! The tradition of learning from the teacher has long been neglected. Thus it is difficult to find a person without any doubts at all. Ancient sages, who far surpassed us, even learned from their teachers. People today, who are far inferior to them, regard learning from the teacher as a disgrace. Thus, wise men become more wise and unlearned men become more foolish. This explains what makes a wise man and what makes a foolish man. It is absurd that a person would choose a teacher for his son out of his love for him, and yet refuse to learn from the teacher himself, thinking it a disgrace to do so. The teacher of his son teaches the child only reading and punctuation, which is not propagating the doctrine or resolving doubts as the aforementioned. I don‘t think it wise to learn from the teacher when one doesn‘t know how to punctuate, but not when one has doubts unresolved, for that I find to be the folly of learning in small matters, but neglecting the big ones. Even medicine men, musicians and handicraftsmen do not think it disgraceful to learn from each other. When one of the literati calls another man his ―teacher‖ and himself his ―student‖ people will get together and invariably laugh at him. If you ask them why they are laughing, they will say that since he is almost of the same age and as erudite as another man, it would be degrading for him to call the other man ―teacher‖ if the other man‘s social rank is lower than his; and it would be flattering if the other man‘s social rank is higher. Alas! It is clear that the tradition of learning from the teacher can no longer be restored. Medicine men, musicians and handicraftsmen are despised by the gentlemen. How strange it is that gentlemen are less wise than these people!

The ancient sages did not limit themselves to particular teachers. Confucius had learned from people like Tanzi2, Changhong3, Shixiang4, and Laodan5, who were not as virtuous and talented as Confucius. Confucius said ―If three men are walking together, one of them is bound to be good enough to be my teacher.‖ A student is not necessarily inferior to his teacher, nor does a te acher necessarily be more virtuous and talented than his student. The real fact is that one might have learned the doctrine earlier than the other, or might be a master in his own special field.

Pan, the son of Li‘s family, who is only seventeen years ol d, loves to study Chinese classics of the Qin and Han dynasties, and masters the six classics6 and their annotations. He does not follow conventions and is willing to learn from me. I appreciate his ability to act in accordance with the old tradition of learning. Therefore I dedicate this piece to him.

1. The ―doctrine‖ refers chiefly to Confucius‘ teachings.

2. Tanzi was the king of the State of Tan during the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius learned from him about the titles of officials.

3. Changhong was an official during the reign of Emperor Jing of the Zhou Dynasty. Confucius learned from him about music.

4. Shixiang was an official of music in the State of Lu. Confucius learned from him how to play qin.

5. Laodan was another name for Laotse. Confucius learned from him about the rites.

6. The six classics are six classical works of Confucian teachings.

（罗经国译）

On Teachers

Hah Yu

Ancient scholars certainly had teachers. A teacher is one who passes on the truth, imparts knowledge and solves puzzles. Man is not born with knowledge. Who can deny that he has puzzles? These would remain unsolved, should one refuse to be instructed by teachers.

The men born before me surely know the truth before me, so I respect them as teachers, whereas those born after me may also know the truth before me, I likewise respect them as teachers. It is the truth that I endeavour to learn. Must I know beforehand whether my teacher was born earlier or later than I? Therefore, no distinction should be made between the noble and the humble or between the young and the old. Where lies the truth, there is a teacher.

Alas, it is a long time since the admirable tone of respecting teachers ceased to pass on! How hard it would be to expect a man to be free of puzzle! Sages in olden times outstripped by far the ordinary people. Nevertheless, they had teachers and asked them questions. Nowadays the multitude, though much inferior to sages, are ashamed of being instructed by teachers. As a consequence, sages become more sage, and ignoramuses more ignorant. The wisdom of the former and the stupidity of the latter – are they not all caused by this?

Loving parents may select teachers to instruct their children. But when it comes to themselves, they feel it a disgrace to be taught by them. How wrong they must be! The teachers of their children only show them how to read a book sentence by sentence, not to be mentioned in the same breath as those whom I refer to as passing on the truth and solving puzzles. For lack of reading skills, one seeks the help of teachers, while for unsolved puzzles, one acts contrariwise. It is indeed learning the lesser but giving up the greater. I do not see its wisdom.

Physicians, musicians and multifarious artisans are not ashamed of learning from each other. But among the gentlefolk the talk about the teachers and pupils would invite laughter from a gathered company. When asked about the reason, they would say, ―The one is equal to the other in age and knowledge.‖ To be instructed by a man of low social standing is regarded as a disgrace, and by a man of high official rank as a flattery. Alas, it is only conceivable that the noble tone of respecting teachers is lost and hardly retrievable! Physicians, musicians and artisans are refused to be treated as equals by gentlefolks, yet these turn out to be less intelligent than those. Is it not strange?

Sages have had no constant teachers. Confucius once learned from Tan Zi as well as from Chang Hong, Shi Xiang and Laozi, though Tan Zi and his like are not on a parity with him in wisdom. Confucius says: ―Out of my two fellow-travellers one must be qualified to be my teacher.‖ Hence pupils are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers need not always be superior to pupils. Some may know the truth earlier or later than others and each has his own professional specialty – that is all!

Li Pan, aged seventeen, is fond of ancient classical writings and have studied all the six arts and their commentaries. Not restrained by the current practice, he has learned from me. As I commend him for his being able to follow the old ways, I am writing this essay ―On Teachers‖ for him.

（谢百魁译）

On Teachers

Han Yu

In ancient times, all men who wanted to learn had teachers. A teacher is someone who deciphers truths, teaches skills, and clarifies misconceptions. Because no man is born cognizant, he must have misconceptions. If one his misconceptions, but never finds a teacher to clarify them, they will remain as misconceptions.

Anyone born before me naturally knows truths before I do, and I acknowledge them as my teacher. Anyone who is born after me but knows truths before I do, I also acknowledge him as my teacher. Because what I acknowledge is his knowledge of truths, no age factor is relevant. Therefore, where there is knowledge of truths, there is a teacher, in which no factor of nobility or ignobility, seniority or lack of seniority is involved.

However, this teacher-and-student tradition has long been broken. As a result, it is very hard nowadays to find people with no misconceptions. Ancient sages were far more intelligent than common people were, but those sages had teachers to consult. While today‘s masses are far more unintelligent than ancient sages were, these massages are ashamed to learn from teachers. That is why sages are sager while ignoramuses are more ignorant. And that explains why sages are sages while ignoramuses are ignoramuses.

You love your children, and so you hire teachers for them, but you are ashamed to find teachers f or yourself. This is a misconception itself! Your children‘s teachers teach them how to read. What they teach is not what I mean by deciphering truths and clarifying misconceptions. When one does not know how to read, he consults teachers, but when one has misconceptions, he does not. This is to learn the trivial while neglecting the significant. I don‘t see cleverness in this.

Physicians, musicians and artisans are not ashamed to seek teachers from each other to learn, but scholar-bureaucrats, on the contrary, would gather to laugh at those who talk about doing so. When asked why they laugh, they say, ―He is about the same age as his teacher. Or he has about the same knowledge as his teacher.‖ To them, it is shameful to have a teacher of lower social rank but an honor to fawn on a teacher of higher social status. Alas! This shows how impossible it is to restore the teacher-and-student tradition. Those scholar-bureaucrats are no match for those physicians, musicians or artisans whose intelligence they disdain. This is indeed ridiculous!

A sage is not bound to one teacher. Confucius once learned from Tanzi, Changhong, Shixiang and Laodan, although he was not inferior to any of them. This is exactly like what he once described: ―Of the tow walking with me, one can be my teacher.‖ Therefore, a student does not necessarily have to be inferior to his teacher and a teacher does not have to be superior to his student, as knowledge can be learnt earlier or later and skills can be focused on different among people. That‘s all there is to it.

Pan, the son of the Li family, age 17, who is fond of classic Chinese and has perused the Six Classics, is not influenced by the current social tendency but has come to seek my education. To glorify his spirit in carrying forward the tradition, I am writing this prose, On Teachers, for him.

（徐英才译）

On Teachers

Ancient scholars had to have teachers, who would pass on the Tao, teach them a profession, and dispel their ignorance. As men are not born wise, who can be free from ignorance? If men, being ignorant, do not seek after teachers, they will certainly remain ignorant for ever. Those who were born before me certainly have learned the Tao before me; I should therefor learn from them as my teachers. Those who were born after me may have learned the Tao before me; I should also learn from them as my teachers. As I learn the Tao, I need not ask whether my teacher is my senior or junior. Whether he is noble or common, older or younger, whoever knows the Tao can be a teacher.

Ah! Since men have long ceased learning from teachers, it is hard to expect them not to be ignorant. The ancient sages were far superior to common men, but they still sought learning from teachers. Men of today are far inferior to those sages, but they think it shameful to learn from teachers. This is why sages become more sage, while fools become more foolish. Is this the reason why some become sages and others fools? A man who loves his son selects a teacher for him, but considers it shamefu l to find one for himself. He is indeed ignorant. If a child‘s teacher merely gives him a book and tells him how to read it, this is not the teacher I have in mind who passes on the Tao and dispels ignorance. If one learns from a teacher merely to read but not to dispel one‘s ignorance, one learns the lesser and gives up the greater; I do not think that such a man is intelligent. Sorcerers, physicians, musicians, and artisans are not ashamed to learn from their teachers. If men of the intelligent class appl y to themselves the expression of ―teacher‖ and ―pupil,‖ people will flock to laugh at them. If they are asked why, they will reply that these men are equal in age as well as in the Tao. If their teacher is of a lower rank, they are considered to be disgraced; if their teacher is of high position, they are considered to be flattering him. Ah! That the way of learning from a teacher cannot be recovered is now self-evident. Sorcerers, physicians, musicians, and artisans are usually despised by gentlemen, but the intelligence of the latter cannot be up to that of the former; is this not strange?

A sage has no constant teacher. Thus Confucius learned from teachers such as Yen Tzu, Chang Hung, Shih Hsiang, and Lao Tan, who were inferior to Confucius. Confucius s aid, ―When walking in a party of three, there must be one who can teach me.‖ Therefore, pupils are not necessarily inferior to their teachers, nor are teachers necessarily better than their pupils. Some learn the Tao earlier than others, and some have special skills and others not—that is all.

Pan, son of the Li family, seventeen years old, is fond of ancient literature and is well versed in the six arts, the classics and commentaries, not confining himself to what is in vogue at present. He comes to study with me. As I praise him for carrying out the ancient Tao, I am writing this essay on teachers for him.

（Ch‘u Chai and Winberg Chai译）

韩愈师说原文及翻译

韩愈师说原文及翻译 学史以鉴今。在教育事业大力改革和发展的今天，我们研究古代圣人的教育思想，是为了“温故而知新”，在继承中发展。《师说》中闪烁的积极教育思想，特别是通识教育观、平等师生观、创新学习观及终身教育观等无不对现代教育起着十分重要的借鉴和指导作用。下面是应届毕业生文学网的小编和大家分享的韩愈师说原文及翻译，欢迎阅读。【原文】 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑?惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之;生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 嗟(jiē)乎!师道之不传也久矣!欲人之无惑也难矣!古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉;今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎!爱其子，择师而教之;于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读(dòu)者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不(fǒu)焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医乐师百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也。位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。”呜呼!师道之不复，可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤! 圣人无常师。孔子师郯子(tán)、苌弘、师襄、老聃(dān)。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。 李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作《师说》以贻之。 【译文】 古代求学的人一定有老师。老师是传授道理，教授学业，解决疑难问题的人。人不是生下来就懂得道理的，谁能没有疑惑?有疑惑却不跟从老师学习，他所存在的疑惑，就始终不能解决。

韩愈师说赏析

韩愈师说赏析 本文是关于韩愈的文学文章，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 作者表明任何人都可以作自己的老师，不应因地位贵贱或年龄差别，就不肯虚心学习。文末并以孔子言行作证，申明求师重道是自古已然的作法，时人实不应背弃古道。全诗欣赏如下：【分段赏析】 对"道之所存，师之所存也"的理解韩愈以儒家道统的继承者自居，他“收召后学”，“抗颜而为师”，目的就是要恢复自孟子后已“失其传”的儒家道统。正因为如此，他把“传道”视为教师最重要也是最基本的任务。“受业”“解惑”，都与此有关：“业”即“道之文”，指以“六艺经传”为代表的儒家经典;而“解惑”也是为了“明道”。由此可见，“师道”是贯穿全文的主线，“道之所存，师之所存也”，这个判断就是上述内容的高度概括。 对“巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤!”的理解。 有人认为这句话反映了韩愈轻视劳动人民的阶级偏见。但有人认为不能这样看，因为这句话所在的第2段，都是贬斥上层“士大夫之族”，褒扬“巫医乐师百工之人”和“古之圣人”的，“君子不齿”句的主语“君子”，是指韩愈贬斥的上层“士大夫之族”，而不是韩愈自己。韩愈在文章里一再用“君子”“士大夫之族”与“巫医乐师

百工之人”“古之圣人”对比，贬前者，褒后者，当然不会把自己列入所谓的君子中，所以“君子不齿”只是对耻于从师的君子的讽刺，而没有对“巫医乐师百工之人”的轻视。 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。 评析：劈头提出“古之学者必有师”的论断，紧接着概括指出师的作用“传道受业解惑”做为全文立论的出发点和依据。然后句句顶接，推论出“道之所存，师之所存”的观点。同时，一开头郑重提出“古之学者必有师”，就隐然含有对“今之学者”不从师的批判意味，很自然地为第二段埋下了伏笔。本句翻译时要注意“者……也……”和“所以”在句式中的含义和作用。 运用：(翻译)古代求学的人一定有老师。老师是用来传授道理、交授学业、解答疑难的。 是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。 评析：这一句是在前文已用老师的职能作出了理论论证和用孔子言行作了事实论证之后，顺理成章水到渠成地得出了进一步的结论。这个结论，是对“道之所存，师之所存”的深化，也是对士大夫之族耻学于师的进一步批判。说明了师生关系是相对的，教与学是可以相长的。这一句由“是故”引出，用“如是而已”结尾，化繁为简，既显见解的深辟透彻，又有一种高瞻远瞩的气势。 运用：(翻译)因此，学生不一定不如老师，老师不一定比学生贤能，听到的道理有先有后，学问技艺各有专长，如此罢了

师说韩愈原文及解析

韩愈 韩愈（768～824）字退之，唐代文学家、哲学家、思想家，河阳（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，汉族。祖籍河北昌黎，世称韩昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又称韩吏部。谥号“文”，又称韩文公。他与柳宗元同为唐代古文运动的倡导者，主张学习先秦两汉的散文语言，破骈为散，扩大文言文的表达功能。宋代苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他为唐宋八大家之首，与柳宗元并称“韩柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名，作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韩愈在思想上是中国“道统”观念的确立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。

师说 唐代：韩愈 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣！欲人之无惑也难矣！古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医乐师百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也。位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。”呜呼！师道之不复可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！

圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。 李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作师说以贻之。

【韩愈师说原文及翻译】韩愈的师说解析

【韩愈师说原文及翻译】韩愈的师说解析 《师说》作于唐贞元十八年（公元802年）韩愈任四门博士时，这篇文章是韩愈写给他的学生李蟠的。《师说》是一篇说明教师的重要作用、从师学习的必要性以及择师的原则的论说文。以下是小编带来韩愈的师说解析的相关内容，希望对你有帮助。 《师说》（原文） 唐·韩愈 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣！欲人之无惑也难矣！古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医乐师百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也。位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。”呜呼！师道之不复可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！

圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。 李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作师说以贻之。 译文 古代求学的人一定有老师。老师，是（可以）依靠来传授道理、教授学业、解答疑难问题的。人不是生下来就懂得道理的，谁能没有疑惑？（有了）疑惑，如果不跟从老师（学习），那些成为疑难问题的，就最终不能理解了。生在我前面，他懂得道理本来就早于我，我（应该）跟从（他）把他当作老师；生在我后面，（如果）他懂得的道理也早于我，我（也应该）跟从（他）把他当作老师。我（是向他）学习道理啊，哪管他的生年比我早还是比我晚呢？因此，无论地位高低贵贱，无论年纪大小，道理存在的地方，就是老师存在的地方。 唉，（古代）从师（学习）的风尚不流传已经很久了，想要人没有疑惑难啊!古代的圣人，他们超出一般人很远，尚且跟从老师而请教；现在的一般人，他们（的才智）低于圣人很远，却以向老师学习为耻。因此圣人就更加圣明，愚人就更加愚昧。圣人之所以能成为圣人，愚人之所以能成为愚人，大概都出于这吧？（人们）爱他们的孩子，就选择老师来教他，（但是）对于他自己呢，却以跟从老师（学习）为可耻，真是糊涂啊!那些孩子们的老师，是教他们读书，（帮助他们）学习断句的，不是我所说的能传授那些道理，解答那些疑难问题的。

韩愈-师说翻译

韩愈·《师说》英译 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也，固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也，亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣，欲人之无惑也难矣。古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医、乐师、百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也，位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。”呜呼！师道之不复，可知矣。巫医、乐师、百工之人，君子不齿。今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！ 圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰：“三人行，则必有我师。”是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子。闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。 李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作《师说》以贻之。

On the Teacher Han Yu In ancient times scholars always had teachers. It takes a teacher to transmit the Way, impart knowledge and resolve doubts. Since man is not born with knowledge, who can be without doubt? But doubt will never be resolved without a teacher. He who was born before me learned the Way before me, and I take him as my teacher. But if he who was born after me learned the Way before me, I also take him as my teacher. I take the Way as my teacher. Why should I care whether a man was born before or after me? Irrespective therefore of the distinction between the high-born and the lowly, and between age and youth, where the Way is, there is my teacher. Alas, it has been a long time since the Way of the teacher was transmitted! And so it is difficult to expect people to be without doubt. Though ancient sages far surpassed the common folk, they nevertheless asked questions of their teachers. On the other hand, the masses of today, who are far inferior to the sages, are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Consequently, the sage became more sage, and the ignorant more ignorant. Indeed, is this not the reason why the sages were sage and the ignorant folk ignorant? He who loves his son selects a teacher for the child?s education, but he is ashamed to learn from a teacher himself. He is indeed deluded. The teacher of a child is one who gives instruction on books and on the punctuation of sentences. This is not what I meant when I talked about one who transmits the Way and resolves doubts. To take a teacher for instruction in correct punctuation and not to take a teacher to help resolve doubts is to learn the unimportant and leave out the important. I do not see the wisdom of it. Shamans, doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to take one another as teachers. But, when the scholar-officials speak of teachers and pupils, there are those who get together and laugh at them. When questioned, their reply is that so and so is of the same age as so and so and that their understanding of the Way is similar. If one takes another who holds a low position as his teacher, it is something to be ashamed of. If it is some high official who is taken as a teacher, it is a form of flattery. Alas, the Way of the teacher is no longer understood! Shamans, doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not respected by a gentleman, but their wisdom is beyond that of the gentleman. Is this not strange? Our sages had no constant teachers. Confuc ius took T‘an-tzu, Ch‘ang-hung, Shih-hsiang and Lao-tan as his teachers, all of whom were not so wise as himself. Said Confucius, ―Among three men who walk with me, there must be a teacher of mine‖. The pupil is therefore not necessarily inferior to the teacher, and the teacher is not necessarily wiser than the pupil. What makes the difference is that one has heard the Way before the other and that one is more specialized in his craft and trade than the other – that is all. Li P‘an, who is seventeen, is fo nd of ancient literature and is deeply versed in the six arts, the classics and chronicles. Not subject to the trend of the day, he has studied under me. Pleased that he can practice the ancient Way, I have written this essay on the teacher to present to him. （刘师舜译）

韩愈《师说》练习题答案及原文翻译.doc

韩愈《师说》练习题答案及原文翻译 师说 韩愈 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣！欲人之无惑也难矣！古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医乐师百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也。位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。”呜呼！师道之不复可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！ 圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。

李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作师说以贻之。 1．代古文运动的倡导者在《师说》中，对当时耻于学习的现象发出两句慨叹：，，其中，“久”字写出了当时耻师现象已成陋习，“难”字写出了从师学习的重要性。 2.《师说》一文通过“古之圣人”与“今之众人”对比，批判了“今之众人，，”的错误态度。 3.韩愈在《师说》中写道，时人在从师学习的问题上，对其子和对自身有不同的态度，对其子“”；对自身“”。 4.《师说》中，士大夫之族以地位官职为借口拒绝从师学习的语句是：，。 5.韩愈在《师说》中慨叹，因士大夫之族与巫医乐师百工之人对待从师学习的态度不同，产生了一种出人意料的结果：“巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，，！” 参考答案： 1.唐韩愈师道之不传也久矣欲人之无惑也难矣 2.其下圣人也亦远矣而耻学于师 3.择师而教之则耻师焉 4.位卑则足羞官盛则近谀 5.今其智乃反不能及其可怪也欤 二： 1．下列加点字的读音完全正确的一项是()

韩愈《师说》全国一等奖优秀教案

师说 【教学目标】 1、了解作者及写作背景，了解“古文运动”及“说”的文体知识。 2、学习借鉴本文正反对比的论证方法。 3、积累文中重要的实词、虚词和特殊句式。 4、树立尊师重教的思想，培养谦虚好学的优秀品质。 【教学重点】 1、学习借鉴本文正反对比的论证方法。 2、积累文中重要的实词、虚词和特殊句式。 3、正确把握韩愈关于尊师重道的论述和本文的思想意义。 教学时间：2学时 第一课时 教学过程 一、导入 中国自古以来最为尊奉的是“天帝君亲师”，人们把师与天地君亲并重，足可以看出我国自古以来尊师重道的优良传统，孔子曰：“三人行，则必有我师焉。”还有人说：“一日为师，终身为父。”程门立雪的故事也是妇孺皆知，所以明师之恩，诚为过于天地，重于父母多矣。然而在唐朝中期，社会上却弥漫着“耻学于师”的风气。柳宗元在他的《答韦中立论师道书》就谈到过人们耻学于师的现象：“今之世不闻有师，有，辄哗笑之，以为狂人。”然而面对这样的社会现实，就有一个狂人奋不顾流俗，犯笑侮，收召后学，作《师说》，因抗颜而为师。这个狂人就是韩愈，今天我们就要学习韩愈的这篇《师说》。 二、作者简介与解题 1、韩愈简介 韩愈（768—824）字退之，唐代河南河阳人。著名文学家，哲学家。古文运动的倡导者。死后谥“文”，称“韩文公”。苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”,明人列他为“唐宋八大家”之首。 韩愈推崇儒道，反对六朝以来的骈俪文风，与柳宗元同为古文运动的领袖。

提出

“文以载道”“唯陈言之务去”“辞必己出”的主张。著有《昌黎先生集》四十卷。他才如渊海，文思深刻，行文形式不拘，语言于朴健中见闳深，对当时和后世的影响极其深远。 2、古文运动： 实际是以复古为名的文风改革运动。韩愈和柳宗元一起提出“文以载道”“文道结合”的观点。主张学习先秦、两汉“言之有物”“言贵创新”的诸子、史传散文，坚决摒弃只讲形式不重内容、华而不实的文风。韩愈用其杰出的散文影响文坛，还热情地指导后进写作。经过他和柳宗元等人努力，终于把文章从六朝以来浮艳的骈文体中解放出来，奠定了唐宋实用散文的基础。《师说》可以看作提倡古文的宣言。 3、说： 《马说》《师说》还有初中学过周敦颐的《爱莲说》，题目中的“说”，是古代的一种论说文体，属议论文范围，重在议论。可先叙后议，也可夹叙夹议。一般陈述对某种事物的见解，相当于现在的杂文。“说”，古义为陈述和解说，故“师说”可理解为“解说从师的道理。” 4、背景简介： 魏晋时期，魏文帝曹丕实行九品中正制，按家世背景，将人分为几级，上层的士族阶层的子弟可以凭借他们高贵的家族身世，出仕为官，他们不用学习，自恃清高，也看不起老师，这样的风气一直沿袭到了唐朝，柳宗元在他的《答韦中立论师道书》写到： “由魏、晋以下，人益不事师。今之世，不闻有师；有，辄哗笑之，以为狂人。独韩愈奋不顾流俗，犯笑侮，收召后学，作《师说》，因抗颜而为师，世果群怪聚骂，指目牵引，而增与为言辞，愈以是得狂名。”当时韩愈35岁时，还在长安当国子监博士。本课是他写给他的学生李蟠的。现在我们就一起走近课文，看看作者为什么要作这篇文章给李蟠。 三、整体感知 1、学生自由朗诵课文，对照注释，对不懂的词句进行圈点。 2、老师指导学生诵读。 ⑴字音： 句读（dòu ）或不焉（fǒu）经传（zhuàn）近谀（yú）

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的局面出现，但当时唐朝已经腐朽，藩镇割据和政治腐朽的局面已无法挽救，当时社会的主要矛盾是中央集权的国家政权和割据的地方势力之间的斗争。佛道二教的盛行，大量的僧侣，道士已形成一种特殊势力，“他们不耕而食，不织而衣。”一些人在寺院、道院庇护下逃避赋税，国家收入减少，劳动人民的负担加重，使得社会矛盾更加尖锐，佛教虽有麻痹人民革命意志的作用，有利于封建统治阶级，但它不侍君主，不负担赋税，却直接触犯封建统治阶级的利益，因之与统治阶级的利益是有矛盾的。韩愈深通儒经，为维护统治阶级利益，他反对佛教，主张发扬儒家的道统，是有其社会历史根源的。 韩愈的主要政治思想是恢复儒家道统，他所说的道统就是历代相传的孔孟之道。他主张施“仁政”反对官吏横征暴敛，要求朝庭宽免赋税徭役，关心民间疾苦。强调“三纲五常”，用儒家经典《诗》、《书》、《易》、《礼》、《春秋》等教育人民。他反对佛教的目的是为了提倡儒家的正统思想，但在当时有维护统一的意义，客观上有其进步的一面。但他继承了董仲舒的“性三品，说，宣扬君权至上，强调封建的等级制度，认为这种制度是与生俱来，不可改变。他说“是故君者，出令者也：臣者，行君之令而致之民者也：民者，出粟麻丝作器皿通货财以事其上者也。君不出令，则失其所以为君：臣不行君之令而致之民，则失其所以为臣；民不出粟

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《师说》赏析 老年大学祖铨 一、作者简介 韩愈（768～824）唐代文学家、哲学家。字退之，河阳（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，汉族。祖籍昌黎（今辽宁义县），世称韩昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又称韩吏部。谥号“文”，又称韩文公。他是唐代古文运动的倡导者，主张学习先秦两汉的散文语言，破骈为散，扩大文言文的表达功能。宋代苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他为唐宋八大家之首，与柳宗元并称“韩柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名。作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韩愈还是一个语言巨匠。他善于使用前人词语，又注重当代口语的提炼，得以创造出许多新的语句，其中有不少已成为成语流传至今，如“落阱下石”、“动辄得咎”、“杂乱无章”等。在思想上是中国「道统」观念的确立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。 韩愈三岁而孤，受兄嫂抚育，早年流离困顿，有读书经世之志，虽孤贫却刻苦好学。20岁赴长安考进士，三试不第。25～35岁，他先中进士，三试博学鸿词科不成，赴汴州董晋、徐州张建封两节度使幕府任职。后回京任四门博士。36～49岁，任监察御史，因上书论天旱人饥状，请减免赋税，贬阳山令。宪宗时北归，为国子博士，累官至太子右庶子，但不得志。50～57岁，先从裴度征吴元济，后迁刑部侍郎。因谏迎佛骨，贬潮州刺史。移袁州。不久回朝，历国子祭酒、兵部侍郎、吏部侍郎、京兆尹等职。政治上较有作为。诗力求险怪新奇，雄浑而重气势。 他在政治上，韩愈反对藩镇割据。对于韩愈对待藩镇割据的态度，郭预衡指出：韩愈《平淮西碑》的主要倾向是“反对藩镇割据，而歌颂平叛的胜利；赞扬主战派，而批评主和派”，认为“韩愈反对藩镇割据的坚定立场，不应因为碑文少写了李愬之功便加以贬低”，而且他“反对藩镇割据的主张，还不仅表现在平定淮西的一时一事，他在一系列的文章里都贯穿着这个思想。” 思想上，韩愈是位重要的思想家。在宋儒眼中，孔、孟之下，便是韩愈。他在儒学式微，释、道盛行之际，力辟佛、老，致力于复兴儒学，取得了重大的成功。他所倡导的古文运动，其实就是复兴儒学的重要手段。 教育上，韩愈三进国子监做博士，担任国子监祭酒，招收弟子，亲授学业，留下了论说师道激励后世和提携人才的文章。韩愈力改耻为人师之风，广招后学。在教育方面的论文中，他强调了求师的重要性，认为只要是有学问的人，就是自己的老师；把有才能人比作千里马，阐释了在位之人如何识别人才对待人才和使用人才的问题。 史学上，唐时人称韩愈有史家的笔力，他撰有《顺宗实录》五卷，是韩愈在韦处厚所撰三卷《顺宗实录》基础上改写而成，他“削去常事，著其系于政者，比之旧录，十益六七，忠良好佼，莫不备书，苟关于时，无所不录。” 从实录可看出他对宫市之斥责，对盐铁使进奉的批判，对京兆尹李实罪行的揭露等等，说明表状所言，符合实情。《实录》送呈以后，受到不少人激烈反对，原因是“韩愈撰《顺宗实录》，说禁中事颇切直，内官恶之，二人上前屡言不实。” 于是“累朝有诏改修”。文宗令路隋等重新改写，几经曲折，终于遵照旨意，将实录中所书德宗、顺宗朝禁中事“详正刊去”。 《师说》作于唐贞元十八年（公元802年）韩愈任四门博士时，这篇文章是韩愈写给他的学生李蟠的。《师说》是一篇说明教师的重要作用、从师学习的必要性以及择师的原则的论说文。此文抨击当时“士大夫之族”耻于从师的错误观念，倡导从师而学的风气，同时，也是对那些诽谤者的一个公开答复和严正的驳斥。作者表明任何人都可以作自己的老师，不应因地位贵贱或年龄差别，就不肯虚心学习。文末以孔子言行作证，申明求师重道是自古已然的做法，时人实不应背弃古道。有关他的传说很多，比如：

韩愈《师说》公开课获奖说课备课讲稿

《师说》说课稿 各位评委、老师： 大家好！ 今天我说课的篇目是韩愈的《师说》。我准备从下列七个方面谈一谈我对这篇课文的理解、教学设计及其依据和意图。 一、说教材和学情 （一）教材地位 《师说》是人教版高中《语文》第三册第3单元的最后一课，是一篇自读课文。这一单元主要学习古代议论性散文，这篇课文主要论证了“从师之道”，是韩愈代表作之一，也是古代议论性散文中的名篇。学习了本单元，可以从中借鉴古人议论的艺术，学会清晰有力地表达思想和见解。 （二）学情分析 经过初中和高一的学习，高二的学生已掌握了一定文言知识，但缺乏对知识的系统整理，不能灵活运用；仍有一些难点有待突破，比如词类活用等。前三篇议论性散文的学习，为本文的学习打下了基础。 二、说教学目标 （一）知识与能力目标 知识目标：积累课文中重要的实词、虚词和特殊句式，梳理课文的论证过程，掌握正反对比的论证方法。 能力目标：培养学生自读注解，疏通浅易文言文的能力，提高文言文的朗读和记诵能力。 （二）过程与方法目标 通过学生课前预习，课堂上结合美读法感知，抓重点字词举一反三法疏通课文，合作探究法深入赏析，归纳法总结升华，引导学生养成自主探究的学习习惯，体会课文的语言美、思想美和论辩美。

（三）情感态度和价值观目标 引导学生树立尊师重道、能者为师的思想，培养其谦虚好学的优秀品质。 [设计依据] 1.依据“新课标”三个维度并重的教学理念； 2.依据这一单元的目标，即借鉴古人议论艺术，琢磨文章的立论方法，体会传统文化思想精华，提高思考能力和议论能力。 三、说教学重点和难点 教学重点：掌握课重点实词和虚词的意义和用法，如“师”“道”“之”等，感悟课文的思想之美。 教学难点：梳理课文的论证过程，体会论辩之美。 [设计依据] 1.“新课标”提到：“语文课程的基本特点是工具性与人文性的统一。” 2.“新课标”要求：阅读浅易文言文，能理解词句的含义，读懂文章内容，了解并梳理常用的实词、虚词和特殊句式。 四、说教法与学法 （一）说教法：导读法、启发点拨法、合作探究法 [设计依据] 1.孔子说：“不愤不启，不悱不发”。就是指教师要在学生充分思考的前提下予以启发式诱导。 2.新课标提倡“师生合作探究”的教学方式。 （二）说学法：自主学习探究法、圈点法、举一反三法 [设计依据] 1.“新课标”指出：“要重视学生的实践活动，让学生在教学过程中主动学习、探究。 2.清代教育家唐彪曾说：“凡书文有圈点，则读者易于领会，而句读无讹。” 3.古人云：授之以鱼，不如授之以渔。举一反三，“举一”提供模式和方法，“反三”按图索骥，学生就能触类而旁通。

(完整word版)《师说》原文及翻译

《师说》（作者：韩愈） 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？ 古代求学的人必定有老师。老师，是用来传授道理、讲授学为、解答疑难问题的人。人不是一生下来就懂得道理的，谁能没有疑惑？ 惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生于吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之，生乎吾后，有了疑惑，如果不跟老师学习，那些成为疑难问题的，就始终不能解开。出生在我之前的人，他懂得道理本来就比我早，我跟从他，拜他为师；出生在我之后的人， 其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，如果他懂得道理也比我早，我也跟从他，拜他为老师。我是向他学习道理的，哪里用得着知道他的年龄比我大还是小呢？因此，无论高低贵贱， 无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 无论年长年幼，道存在的地方，就是老师所在的地方。 嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣!欲人之无惑也难矣！古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；唉！古代从师学习的风尚不流传已经很久了，想要人没有疑惑也难了！古代的圣人，超出一般人很远（多），尚且要跟从老师请教； 今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣， 现在的一般人，才智不及圣人也很远（多），却以向老师学习为耻。因此，圣人更加圣明，愚人更加愚昧。圣人圣明， 愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？爱其子，择师而教之：于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。 愚人愚昧，大概都是由于这个原因吧？爱自已的孩子，选择老师来教他。但是对于他自已，却以跟从老师学习为耻，糊涂啊！ 彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见期明也。 那些儿童的老师，教他读书，学习书的文句，并不是我所说的传授道理、解答疑难问题的老师。不知句读要问老师，有疑惑不能解决却不愿问老师；；小的问题学了，大的问题却丢了。我没有看到他的明达。 巫医乐师百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之，问之，则曰：巫医、乐师、各种工匠这些人，不以互相学习为耻。士大夫这一类人，听到有人称“老师”称“弟子”等等，就聚在一起嘲笑他。问他们（为什么笑），就说： “彼与彼年相若也，道相似也，位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。”呜呼！师道之不复，可知矣。“他和他年龄差不多，懂得的道理也差不多。以地位低的人为师，则足以感到耻辱：以地位高的人为师，则被认为近于阿谀奉承。”哎！求师风尚的难以恢复由此可以知道了！ 巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤（yú）！ 巫医、乐师、各种工匠这些人，君子不屑一提的，现在君子们的智慧竟然反而比不上这些人了，这真是奇怪啊！ 圣人无常师。孔子师郯（tán）子、苌（ cháng ）弘、师襄、老聃（dān）。郯子之徒，圣人没有固定的老师，孔子曾以郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃为师。郯子之些人，其贤不及孔子。 贤能都比不上孔子。 孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。 孔子说：“几个人同行，那么里面一定有可以当我老师的人。”所以学生不一定不如老师，老师不一定比学生坚能。接受道理有早有晚，学问和技艺上各有各的专门研究，如此而已。李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作《师说》以贻之。 李家的孩子叫蟠的，喜欢古文，六艺的经文和传记都普遍学习，不被耻于从师的世俗限制，向我学习。我赞赏他能履行古人之道，写这篇《师说》赠送给他。

教育名家名著：韩愈《师说》

教育名家名著：韩愈《师说》 韩愈（768—824），字退之，河南南阳(今河南孟县)人，祖籍昌黎，故人称昌黎先生，因曾任吏部侍郎，所以后世称为韩吏部。著作有《韩昌黎集》。 韩愈是唐代著名的文学家、思想家和教育家。他出生在一个中下级官僚家庭和书香门第。自幼受到较好的但又是比较正统的儒家教育。叔父云卿、伯兄韩会都是倾向于儒家复古运动的人物，这对他都有一定的影响。 韩愈3岁时父母双亡，靠伯兄韩会生活，韩会去世，由寡嫂郑氏抚养成人。家庭的不幸，促使他刻苦努力，认真读书，尽通《六经》百家学。25岁成进士，但仕途不顺，历经坎坷。先后曾任汴州观察推官、四门博士、监察御史等官职，因上疏指斥朝政，被贬为阳山令。后从裴度平淮西吴元济有功。升为刑部侍郎。因谏迎佛骨，触怒宪宗，几乎被杀，被贬为潮州刺史。后改任袁州刺史。穆宗即位后，被召回任国子学祭酒，后历任兵部侍郎、京北尹兼御史大夫，吏部侍郎等职，57岁去世。 韩愈生于安吏之乱以后的中唐，一生历经代、德、顺、宪、穆五个皇帝执政的时代。这一时期虽然有过几十年苟安的太平，社会生活相对稳定，人民都希望能够有一个“中兴”的局面出现，但当时唐朝已经腐朽，藩镇割据和政治腐朽的局面已无法挽救，当时社会的主要矛盾是中央集权的国家政权和割据的地方势力之间的斗争。佛道二教的盛行，大量的僧侣，道士已形成一种特殊势力，“他们不耕而食，不织而衣。”一些人在寺院、道院庇护下逃避赋税，国家收入减少，劳动人民的负担加重，使得社会矛盾更加尖锐，佛教虽有麻痹人民革命意志的作用，有利于封建统治阶级，但它不侍君主，不负担赋税，却直接触犯封建统治阶级的利益，因之与统治阶级的利益是有矛盾的。韩愈深通儒经，为维护统治阶级利益，他反对佛教，主张发扬儒家的道统，是有其社会历史根源的。 韩愈的主要政治思想是恢复儒家道统，他所说的道统就是历代相传的孔孟之道。他主张施“仁政”反对官吏横征暴敛，要求朝庭宽免赋税徭役，关心民间疾苦。强调“三纲五常”，用儒家经典《诗》、《书》、《易》、《礼》、《春秋》等教育人民。他反对佛教的目的是为了提倡儒家的正统思想，但在当时有维护统一的意义，客观上有其进步的一面。但他继承了董仲舒的“性三品，说，宣扬君权至上，强调封建的等级制度，认为这种