主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致
?主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化。
?主谓一致原则:
1、语法上的一致
所谓语法一致原则，即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。
谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定：主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或者是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界。
We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来。
使用语法一致的情况
（1）当主语是and，both…and连接的并列结构
如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。
My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。
Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。
注意：由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each，every，no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。
No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。
（2）主语后面接说明主语的修饰语
主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如：
with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，
谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。
The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道，也学会了开汽车。
A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家。
E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。
Nobody but Jane knows the secret.只有简知道这个秘密。
All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外都来了。
（3）非谓语动词或从句作主语
非谓语动词(动词的-ing形式、不定式)或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。
When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没定下来。
Checking information is very important. 核实事实是非常重要的。
To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事。
When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我们何时开会尚未决定。
注意：当what引导主语从句或由and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。
What we need here is money．我们这里需要的是资金。
What we need here are workers．我们这里需要的是工人。
Lying and stealing are immoral．说谎与偷窃是不道德的。
（4）each和复合不定代词作主语
each和some/any/no//every十body/one/thing构成的复合不定代词：
anyone、anybody、anything、everyone、everybody、everything、someone、somebody、something、no one、nobody、nothing、each、the other作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each is worse than the one before. 一个比一个差。
Nobody knows the answer. 没有一个人知道这答案。
Someone wants to see you. 有人想见你。
Is there anything in the box?箱子里有什么东西吗?
There is a lot of milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多奶。
（5）“many a +单数名词”作主语
“many a、(很多)/more than one(不只一个)+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Many a student has been to Beijing. 很多学生去过北京。
There is more than one answer to your question. 你的问题不只有一个答案。
（6）“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the等限定词和修饰语
“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the only，the very，the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help the old man.
汤姆是唯一的一个愿意帮助那个老人的男孩。
He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three
years．他是这三年来唯一的一个获得奖学金的学生。
注意:如没有这些限定词和修饰语，定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。
Tom is one of the boys who are always ready to help others. 汤姆是个随时愿意帮助别人的男孩。
（7）由两个部分组成的物体名词作主语
英语中有些由两个部分组成的物体名称如g1asses(眼镜)，scissors(剪刀)，shorts(短裤)，shoes(鞋子)，trousers(裤子)等作主语，其后的谓语动词用复数形式。
His glasses were broken, so he can't see well. 他的眼镜碎了，因而看不清楚。
His trousers are made of cotton. 他的裤子是棉布的。
注意:若这类名词前带有pair等表示单位的名词时，则以这些名词的单、复数形式决定动词的形式。
Two pairs of trousers are missing. 两条裤子不见了。
This pair of shoes is not on sale. 这双鞋不出售。
2、意义上的一致
意义上的一致是指谓语动词与主语的一致取决于主语所表达的意义。若主语形式上为复数，而意义上是单数，动词要用单数；
若主语形式上为单数，而意义上为复数，则动词用复数。
The United States is in North America. 美国在北美洲。
The police are looking into the matter. 警察正在调查此事。
使意义上的一致的情况
（1）由and连接两个并列主语
其后的谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果两个单数名词指同一个人、同一事物、单一概念时，谓语动词要用单数，有时两个名词共用一个冠词。
The worker and writer has written a new novel. 这位工人兼作家写了一部新小说。(两个名词共用一个冠词)
There is a journalist and writer living in America whose name is Alex Haley. 在美国有一个名叫亚利克斯?哈利的记者兼作家。
Truth and honesty is always the best policy. 真诚总是上策。
注意：用and连接起来的两个单数主语，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以是复数。
Three and five makes /make eight.三加五等于八。
Time and tide wait/waits for no man .岁月不等人。
（2）形复意单的名词作主语
①复数形式的专有名词（表示国家、城市、机构、组织以及书籍、报纸、杂志等）做主语，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数。
The United States is in North America.美国在北美洲。
The Arabian Nights is read all over the world.《天方夜谭》是流传世界各地的名著。The New York Times has a wide circulation.《纽约时报》销路很广。
注意：表示山脉、群岛、瀑布等的专有名词和以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人，谓语也用复数。
The Alps rise over 4 countries.阿尔卑斯山脉跨越了四国。
Niagara Falls are not as high as Victoria Falls.尼亚加拉瀑布没有维多利亚瀑布高。The Smiths were also invited.史密斯一家人也受到了邀请。
There are 3 Marys and 2 Roberts in my class.我班有三个叫玛丽、两个叫罗伯特的学生。
②以-ics结尾表示学科的名词做主语，通常表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。这类名词有：
physics, politics, mathematics, economics, athletics, electronics等。
Politics is now taught in all schools.现在各学校都开设政治课。
Economics is a science of the way in which industry and trade produce and use wealth.经济学是研究工业、贸易生财和用财之道。
注意：当这些动词表示有关方面的活动、情况、见解、原理等意思时，谓语动词需用复数形式。
What are his politics?他的政见如何？
The economics of national growth are of the greatest importance to all modern governments.国家发展经济的原理对现代各国政府都重要。
③news，maths，plastics，physics，works，means(方法)，the United States等虽然以-s结尾，但意义上作为单数看待。
“News of victories keeps pouring in as our army advances,”the company commander said. 集团军司令说：”
随着我们军队的推进胜利的消息接踵而至。”
Mathematics/Physics is a required subject for us.
数学/物理是我们必修的科目。
Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.
所有可能的直至污染的方法都用了，但天空还是不晴朗的。
④成对的名词做主语时用单数形式。
Bread and butter is a daily food in the West .面包抹黄油是西方人每天的食品。
His gratitude and devotion to the Party is endless.他无限感觉，无限忠于党。
⑤“one and a half +复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数。
One and a half pears is left on the table .一只半梨剩在桌子上。
One and a half days is all I can spare.一天半是我所能挤出的全部时间。
注意：“one or two+复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数。
One or two days are enough to see the city.参观该市一两天就足够了。
There are one or two things I want to talk over with you .我有一两件事想跟你商量。（3）有生命的集体名词作主语
有生命的集体名词(如people，police，cattle，militia)作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。Cattle are also kept. 还养了一些牛。
There are many people there. 那里有很多人。
The police are looking for the thief. 公安人员在搜寻那个小偷。
All the people of the world want peace.全世界人民都渴望和平。
注意：family，team，class，government，audience，crew，committee等集体名词，如果作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；
如果作个别成员看待，谓语动词用复数形式。people作“民族”解时，作单数用。Zhang’s family is rather big, with twelve people in all.张家很大，一共12口人。The family are sitting at the breakfast table. 这家人正坐在早餐桌旁。
My family is a large one. 我家是个大家庭。
The class are doing experiment in the lab. 全班同学正在实验室里做实验。
The class has won the honour. 这个班获得了荣誉。
The Chinese people is a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族。
（4）名词化的形容词作主语
名词化的形容词作主语，按照意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。
如果指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式，如果指一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。这类形容词有：old, young, rich, poor, blind, deaf, dead, sick等。
The rich are not always happy. 富人也有不开心的时候。
The wounded is a policeman. 受伤者是一名警察。
The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 漂亮的不一定就等于好。
（5）表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语
表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词做主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Twenty years has passed since we left school. 我们离开学校已经20年了。
Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money. 一万美元是一大笔钱。
Two months is quite a long time. 两个月时间是很长的。
Two hours is enough for us to do this experiment.我们做这个实验两个小时就够了。Thirty kilometres is a good distance.30公里是一个相当远的距离。
注意：如果说话人侧重一个个的个体，谓语动词用复数形式。
Twenty years have passed since we parted.自从我们分手以后20年己经过去了。（6）“a number of十复数可数名词”与“the number of十复数可数名词”作主语“a number of十复数可数名词”表示“一些、许多”的意思，谓语动词用复数；“the number of十复数可数名词”表示“……的数目、数量”，谓语动词用单数。The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for
different reasons.
邀请来的人数是50，但很多人因不同的原因没来。
A number of books are missing from the library.
图书馆丢了许多书。
The number of workers in this factory is increasing.
这家工厂的工人数目正在增加。
（7）none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词作主语
none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词时，有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。
None of them has arrived yet at the settlement. 他们没有一个到达新住宅区。None of them have arrived yet. 他们都还没到。
（8）“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语
“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语，这时要以of短语中的名词是否为复数而定。
Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass．该地区五分之二的土地为树木和草所覆盖。
89% of smokers are male. 89%的吸烟者是男性。
In the USA, 75% of the grain is used to feed animals. 在美国，75%的谷物用来喂养动物。
Two-thirds of the earth's surface is sea. 地球表面的2/3是海洋。
Two-thirds of the people were against the plan. 2/3的人都反对核计划。
（9）表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语
表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数，应根据后接名词
的单、复数形式而定。
这些名间或代词有all，any，enough，half，more，most，the rest，part，some等。The rest of the buildings are easy to get to. 其余的建筑物并不难上。
The rest of his life was happy. 他的晚年生活很幸福。
Most of my time was spent in reading. 我大部分时间用来读书。
Most of the people are aware of it. 大部分人都知道它。
Some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 一些糖散落在地上。
Some of the apples were spilled on the floor. 一些苹果散落在地上。
（10）两个主语，一个肯定，一个否定，谓语动词与肯定主语相一致。
The parents, and not the son, were missing.失踪者不是儿子，而是他的双亲。
3、邻近原则
邻近原则是指谓语动词要与它最邻近的名词或代词保持人称与数的一致。
Neither he nor I am a student. 他和我都不是学生。
There is a pen , two chairs and a desk. 有一支钢笔，两把椅子和一张桌子。
这主要有以下几种情况。
（1）由or，either…or等连接的并列结构作主语
由or、either…or、nor、neither…nor、not only…but also、not…but连接的并列主语，通常按照就近一致原则，谓语动词的单、复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定。
Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.要么你要么校长在会议上对这些天才的学生颁奖。
Neither he nor I have finished the experiment. 他和我都没有做完试验。
Either his friends or his brother is wrong. 不是他的朋友们错了，就是他哥哥错了。
Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.
不仅我而且简和玛丽都讨厌一个接一个的考试。
Not only the teacher but also his students have studied the question. 不仅老师而且他的学生们都研究了这个问题。
（2）在主谓倒装句时
在主谓倒装句中，主语并列，谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语相一致。由here或there 引导的句子，若有并列主语，谓语也与最靠近的那个主语一致。
There is a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌、一张饭桌和3把椅子。
There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有3把椅子、一张书桌和一台电脑。
Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在时妻子和孩子呆在哪儿？
"表里不一"现象：
主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象
和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致，最基本的原则是：单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂，现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下
1,"more than one +名词"作主语时，谓语动词常用单数.例如：
More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.
2,"many a +名词"作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数.例如：
Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.
3,"half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如：
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.
4,all指人时，动词用复数；all指物时，动词用单数.例如：
"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了，一切进展顺利
5,what引导的主语从句，谓语动词可视表语而定：表语是单数名词时，动词用单数，相反，则用复数.例如：
What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.
6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰，该名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.例如：
No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.
7,当主语后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except，逗号加and连接几个名字等引导的短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如：My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京. 8,each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，与each无关.例如：
They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.
9,动词不定式，动词-ing形式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数.例如：
Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯. 10,the following作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如：
The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.
11,以-ics结尾的学科名词，如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用单
数.以-s结尾的名词news,works,plastics等同属此类.例如：
Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.
当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时，用作复数，如：mathematics（运算能力）politics(政治观点）economics（经济意义）等
12,有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数
（trousers,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等）作主语时，前面若有"一条","一副","一把"之类的单位词，动词用单数；若没有单位词或单位词是复数，则谓语动词用复数.例如：The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适.
还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数：arms（武器）.clothes.contents.minites（记录）.remains（遗体）.thanks等
13,"one and a half +名词"作主语时，谓语动词要用复数.例如：
One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.
14,"One or two more +复数名词"作主语时，谓语动词用复数.例如：
One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.
15,"one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中，"the one of + 复数名词+定语从句"定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如：
He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一. 16,表示时间，距离，金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数，但若强调数量，谓语动词可用复数.例如：
One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱.
以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致:
英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。
它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困难，以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题。
（一）以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题
（二）以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题
（三）以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题
（四）以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题
（五）其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题
集合名词的主谓一致原则:
集合名词作主语时，主谓一致关系是一个较为复杂的问题.对此类问题我们可以从"数"的角度分为四类.
1)单数—复数型.凡是有复数词尾变化形式的集合名词都属于此类。如：
a class—classes; a family—families; a government—governments; an army—armies;
a people—peoples; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew—crews等。
这类集合名词强调的是整体性，即当作一个整体或多个整体来看待。属于这类集合名词的单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数；
复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
【例如】
A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.
每个上午一大群人经常聚集在广场上
The government has decided to pass the bill.
政府已决定通过这一法案
There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.
星期天有大群大群的人在街上。
There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.
在世界上有许多讲英语的人
但应注意，这类集合名词的单数形式有时表示复数概念，所以这些集合名词的单数形式也可归为"单复同形型"中.
2)单数型.这类集合名词表示的是人或事物的整体，即把这类人或事物的全部包括在内，所以只有单数形式.如作主语，谓语动词常用单数。
这类名词常见的有：humanity,mankind,proletariat等.
【例如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment,mankind makes constant progress.
3)复数型.这类集合名词在形式和内容上是相互矛盾的，就是说它们只有单数形式，但表达的都是复数概念。它强调的是集体中的个体性.这类名词有：
police,cattle,faculty,flock,machinery,vermin,personnel等.它们作主语时，谓语动词要用复数.
【例如】The police have caught the murder.
Our personnel are very highly trained.
The vermin are very dangerous.
4)单复同形型.这类集合名词的单数形式既可表示单数也可表示复数.作主语时，用单数动词
或复数动词均可，有时意义区别不大.
【例如】The school teaching staff are (is) excellent.
The public is (are) requested not to litter in the park.
The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid.
这类集合名词常见的有：
class,family,team,crew,board,herd,committee,party,jury,enemy,audience等.
根据说话人的心理意向若把这个集合名词所代表的人或事物看作一个整体，就认为是单数，用单数动词；
若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干个个体的话，就认为其为复数，用复数动词。
试比较：The football team is playing well.
那个足球队打得非常漂亮.
The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea. 足球队员们正在洗澡，然后来这里吃茶点。
The family is a very happy one.那个家庭是一个非常幸福的家庭。
That family are very pleased about the news of William's success. 全家人对威廉的成功都感到很高兴。
巧记主谓一致原则:
单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单，如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。
有些名词谓常复，people,police即这般。主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关，
many a作主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。or、nor、but also、there be，近主原则挂嘴边。
关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。
时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见，rest，means，fol1owing等，意义决定其复、单。none，all，half of等，of之宾语定答案。还有分数、百分数，仍据of之宾定复、单。
代词all指人谓复数,all指事情谓用单。量词用法请注意，谓语要随量词变。
and连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠，no，each，every后单名，两件(种)事(物)系一概念，以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。形容词带the一类人，姓氏复数加定冠，
-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。neither，either，each，用作主语谓全单。
主语与谓语动词的一致
主语与谓语动词的一致 江苏沛县湖西中学鹿俊先 221611 英语谓语动词的形式必须随其主语的人称及数的不同而变化，这就叫作主语与谓语动词的一致，简称主谓一致。 在现代英语中除动词be有不同的人称形式(am, is, are, was, were)以及动词have有特殊的单数第三人称现在式形式(has)外，其余的动词只有单数第三人称现在式形式加-s / -es，其他形式则无区别。因此对于学习者而言，主谓一致问题主要是注意单数第三人称现在式动词形式加-s / -es的问题。处理主谓一致问题可依照不同的原则，即从不同的角度着眼。以下对这些原则及容易产生困惑之处加以分析、归纳。 1．语法一致，即主语为单数，就使用单数形式的动词，主语为复数，就使用复数形式的动词。 1．1．单数及复数名词的辨别。 某些名词单数词尾，却用作复数，如：people (人们), police, cattle, poultry（家禽）等。 People have the right to defend themselves. The police are investigating the murder of a six-year-old girl. The poultry have been fed. 某些名词复数词尾，却常用作单数，如：news, mathematics / maths, physics, politics等。
Mathematics / Maths（数学学科）is the science of pure quantity. (Her mathematics / maths（数学能力）are / is rather shaky.) The news is favourable this morning. 某些名词单数、复数形式相同，都是单数词尾，如：fish, sheep, deer, craft, Chinese, Swiss等。 In summer the red dear has a reddishbrown coat. A baby deer is able to stand up as soon as it is born. Baby deer are able to stand up as soon as they are born. 某些名词单数、复数形式相同，都是复数词尾，如：means (=way), works (=factory), crossroads, series, species, barracks, headquarters 等。 All means have been tried. Every means has been tried. 1．2．避免主语的同位语及其它修饰语语义上的干扰。 容易产生干扰的同位语：each, one of…, like …, such as…, including…, especially…, particularly…, for example,…等。 Some rubbish, such as / like food and paper, rots away over a period of time. Practical lessons, such as / like woodwork, are not considered to be as important as maths. We each have a different point of view. (each作同位语)
谓语动词单复数用法
谓语动词单复数用法: 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 谓语需用单数 1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。 Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. <<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。 3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
主语和谓语的一致培训资料
主语和谓语的一致. 1.主语和谓语的一致关系: 谓语要与主语在人称和数上保持一致: Her dreams have come true. Her dream has come true. She often arrives at school late. They often arrive at school late. It is getting dark. Eggs are getting scarcer. I am getting bored. 2.确定主语单复数的三个原则: 2 – 1. 语法上一致的原则: The boy plays football well. The boys play football well. It is bitterly cold. I am very cold. 2 – 2. 概念上一致的原则: My family are all early risers. (指家中的全体成员, 有复数含义) His family has moved into the new house. (指整个家, 用作单数) Five minutes is enough. (一个时间段, 看作单数) The crew are waiting for instructions from the captain. (指全体船员, 复数) 2 – 3. 邻近词一致的原则: Neither he nor they are wholly right. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather. Either your key or my key is missing. Not only but also their teacher has participated in the party. He or I am in the wrong. -what’s worth visiting there?
主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致
?主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化。 ?主谓一致原则: 1、语法上的一致 所谓语法一致原则，即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。 谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定：主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或者是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。 China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界。 We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来。 使用语法一致的情况 （1）当主语是and，both…and连接的并列结构 如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。 My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。 Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。 注意：由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each，every，no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。 No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。 （2）主语后面接说明主语的修饰语 主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如：
with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to， 谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。 The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道，也学会了开汽车。 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家。 E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。 Nobody but Jane knows the secret.只有简知道这个秘密。 All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外都来了。 （3）非谓语动词或从句作主语 非谓语动词(动词的-ing形式、不定式)或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。 When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没定下来。 Checking information is very important. 核实事实是非常重要的。 To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事。 When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我们何时开会尚未决定。 注意：当what引导主语从句或由and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。 What we need here is money．我们这里需要的是资金。
谓语动词和非谓语动词及各种句型的判断
谓语动词和非谓语动词及各种句型的判断 一．意义 谓语动词和非谓语动词在高中英语教和学中具有重要意义，主要表现在写作，语法填空和阅读长难句判断中。 例如：典型例子：1.There are many people stand at the gate. Standing 的误用 2.After luckily _______(succeed) in the national college entrance examination, I realized my dream again. 3.He has two children, both of ________ are doctors. 4. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____46___(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ____47___(ride). 5. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___42____ some of them looked very anxious and ___43__(disappoint) 6. Maybe you leave a habit __67__ is driving your family crazy. 英语句子的标志：首字母大写，和结尾用句号。T here is a purse on the ground. P rofessor Mayer, recognized by many as a leading expert in the study of changes to people's EQs, recently announced the results of a study on school students. M iss Mary teaches us English. （teaches 动词作谓语） M r.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. a，在一个句子中，若只有一个动词，则此动词一定为谓语，若有两个及两个以上动词，就会出现两种情况：1. 两动词都是谓语动词形式，此时两个谓语动词之间必有连词，或并列连词，或从属连词；2. 两动词中必有非谓语，此时两动词之间没有连词。 例如： The novel written by him is very popular. The novel which was written by him is very popular. There is a purse that is lying on the ground. There is a purse lying on the ground. Our coming made him happy. 因此，判断一个句子中谓语与非谓语，带连词与不带连词的方法是：先找句子中的动词，根据连词判断所找到的动词是谓语还是非谓语；或者根据所找的动词的谓语非谓语动词形式判断需要或不需要用连词. 总之，一般句子只要有两个及以上谓语动词形式，必然有连词。反之亦然，只要有连词连接两个动词，必然有谓语动词。 理解这一点对于理解下列句子很有帮助： He has two children, both of __whom__ are doctors. =He has two children, and both of __them__ are doctors. =He has two children, both of __them_ doctors. Our coming made him happy. (简单句。句中两个动词，come和make，谓语动词为make，没有连词连接make和come，所以come用非谓语动词形式) =We had come and that made him happy.（make和come都用了谓语动词形式，有连词and，并列句）
主谓语一致
主谓一致 主谓一致指句子中的主语和谓语在人称和数等方面应保持一致。英语中主谓一致的具体应用比较复杂，高考试卷中主谓一致的基本情况可以以下述三条原则为主线进行系统地把握。 （一）主谓一致的原则一：语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致，即通常情况下，谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定，主语为单数形式时谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式时谓语动词也用复数形式。 例如：He is reading an English book. 他在看一本英语书。 1.可以通过下面的主谓一致一般搭配总表把握语法一致原则： 一般现在时中实义动词作谓语 第一人称单数 I am was do have shall should动词原形 第一人称复数 We are were do have shall should动词原形 第二人称单或复数 you are were do have will would动词原形 第三人称单数 He, she, it, 单数名词 is was does has will would动词原形+-s词尾 第三人称复数 they及复数名词 are were do have will would动词原形 2.掌握主谓一致考点中的语法一致原则，要注意两个特殊问题： (1)主语前、后加修饰语时的主谓一致问题。主语的修饰语对主语和谓语之间的关系一般不起影响，尤其在主语后接as well as, with, along with, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to, added to, like, rather than, more than, no less than等插入语时，谓语仍须与主语本身保持一致。 例如：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两位同学一起被邀请参加了晚会 A woman with Mary is coming to the hospital. 一个妇女跟同玛丽正向医院走来。 Nobody, except his most intimate friends, knows of it. 除了他最要好的朋友外，没人知道这件事。 (2)以“and”或“both... and... ”连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题。当主语是由“and”或“both... and...”连接的并列结构时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个”人或事物(常以and后的名词前没有冠词为标志)，谓语动词需用单数形式。 例如：What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。 The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。 A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。 Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。 注意：对于由and连接的并列主语，前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时，谓语动词通常仍要用单数形式。例如：Each boy and each girl was congratulated. 每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。 Every hour and every minute is important. 每时每刻都是重要的。 Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting. 许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。 No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。 No teacher and no student is admitted. 师生一律不得入内。 （二）主谓一致的原则二：意义一致原则
高中英语谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别
谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 首先你要明白在一个英语的单句中只有一个谓语，那么你就要学会怎样划分英语句子中的结构。 先说下什么是单句，单句就是只有一个完整句子结构（句号才是整个句子结束的标志）的句子，没有连词和引导词（像and，what，where，这些的词都没有）。具体的单句结构（五个）就不用我说吧。 eg： ①I love my mother.就是一个单句。 ②English is my best subject which i like.这就是一个复合句（which引导的限制性定语从句），在主语中，english是主语，is是系动词，my best subject 是表语。在从句中（引导词后边的是从句），which作宾语指代subject（subject 是从句的先行词），I作主语，like在这里是行为动词（vt.）作谓语。 给你一个划分简单句结构的例子： eg：I like playing basketball. 这个句子中，I是主语，like是谓语，playing basketball是动名词做宾语，在宾语中playing是非谓语动词，因为我刚刚说过了，一个单句中只有一个谓语，所以like做了谓语，playing就一定是非谓语动词了。
现在和你说下最简单的分辨谓语和非谓语的方法：划分句子的结构。 每个句子首先找到主语，然后是谓语，谓语一般都会和主语靠近（有特殊的情况），那么除去谓语之外的其他动词，都是非谓语动词了。 谓语动词：有以下几种分类 ①行为动词：行为动词又可分为及物（vt.）与不及物（vi.） 那么vi.和vt.的区别可以通过造句的方式来确定。 及物动词：可直接接宾语。(如果不接宾语，那么句意会不完整） 不及物动词：不可以直接接宾语，需借用介词。 eg： I go to school by bus.（go不及物动词，但是和home连接时为go home）He drinks water.（drink是及物动词，中文翻译为他喝水，如果没有宾语water，就成了他喝，那他喝什么呢？句意就不完整了。） ②系动词：be动词（is，am，are，were，was）表主语状态，感官动词（hear，look，listen，tast，sound，appear，seem等），持续性动词（keep，stay，lie，remind等），变化动词（become，go，get，turn等）... ③情态动词：could，should，can，must，may等。
主语和谓语的一致
主语和谓语的一致 1. 主语和谓语的一致关系： 谓语要与主语在人称和数上保持一致： Her dreams_have_come true. Her dream_has_come true. She often arrives_at_school late. They often arrive_at_school late. It is getting dark. Eggs are gett ing scarcer. 1 a m gett ing bored. 2. 确定主语单复数的三个原则： 2 -1.语法上一致的原则： The boy_plays_football well. The boys_play_football well. It_is_bitterly cold. I_am_ very cold. 2 -2.概念上一致的原则： My family_are_all_early risers.（指家中的全体成员,有复数含义）His family_has_moved_into the new house.（指整个家, 用作单数）Five_minutes_is_enough.（一个时间段,看作单数） The_crew_are_waiting for instructions from the captain.（指全体船员， 复数） 2 -3.邻近词一致的原则： Neither he no r_they_are_wholly right.
Neither Tomnor the_ Brow ns enjo y_ their journey to Beiji ng owi ng to the bad weather. Either your key or my key _i s_miss ing. Not only but_also_their_teacher_has_participated in the party. He or l_am_in the wrong. -what 'worth visiting there? -well, there 'the park, the castle and the museum. 3. 主谓一致的具体原则： 3 -1.根据语法一致的原则确定谓语形式： 单数主语+单数谓语；复数主语+复数谓语 The_teacher_e ncourages_the stude nts to speak freely. My_wages_are low, but me taxes_are_high. Their_house_has _nine room. It_always_pays_to_ give your paper one final check. 在主语+系词+表语结构”中，系动词要与主语的数保持一致，不受其表语的影响. Their greatest con cern_is_the_childre n. The most appreciated gift was the clothes_that_you sent us. What we n eed most is_books._ Paul _is_friends_with bill. 在单数名词(主语)+(together)with+ 名词”结构中谓语只与主语保持一致, 这是因为上述短语只起修饰主语的作用，而非主语的一部分. 短语： Along with, as well as, in additi on to, accompa nied by, rather tha n, as much as, no less tha n, in clud ing, besides, except, but, like. The_factory_with all its equipme nt has bee n bur nt. You as well as I are wrong.
【精品】非谓语动词总结以及易错点
【精品】非谓语动词总结以及易错点 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Tom made a small cage _____ the little injured bird till it could fly. A．keep B．kept C．keeping D．to keep 【答案】D 【解析】 考查动词不定式。句意：Tom为了养这只受伤的小鸟做了一个漂亮的笼子，直到它会飞。此题根据句意和句型结构推知此处keep应该表示目的；在英语中，表示目的的动词应该使用动词不定式即to do sth。故选D。 2． He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. A．to act B． to have acted C． acting D．having acted 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句型“有人认为..已....”可用It is thought/ believed/ ...that sb have/has done...结构。从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前。该结构可转化为sb is thought/believed +不定式的完成式。如： It is reported that Cheng Yifei died several days ago. The news reports that Cheng Yifei died several days ago. Cheng Yifei is reported to have died several days ago. 因此B选项正确。 句意为“ 有人认为他已做了一件傻事。现在应怪他自己丢掉这份工作。” 考点：考查动词非谓语形式。 3．(天津) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated. A．being allowed B．allowing C．having allowed D．allowed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed表示被动且正在进行；C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生；D. allowed表示被动且完成，故选B。 【点睛】 判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。
当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时且谓语动词为be
当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时且谓语动词为be，常省略从句的主语和be 动词. 省略的条件: (1)从句中被省略的主语必须与主句的主语一致,或者是it；(2)谓语动词必须含有be；(3)从句必须与主语和be动词一起省去，不可只省略主语而保留整个谓语，也不可只保留主语而省略谓语。 1. 由when/while/as/once/whenever/as soon as引导的时间状语从句 例：Please come here as soon as（it is）possible. While （I was——walking in the rain, I heard my name called. 我在雨中漫步时，听到有人叫我的名字。 由if/unless引导的条件状语从句例：She won’t come to party unless（she is）invited.由though/although/even if/even though引导的让步状语从句 例：He is very good at painting, though（he is）very young. T hough（he was）exhausted, he stayed up late. 尽管疲惫不堪，他仍很晚才睡。由because引导的原因状语从句 例：He was praised because （he was）brave. 5. 由wherever/where引导的地点状语从句 例：Fill in the blanks with articles where（it is）necessary. 从句和主句中相同或大体相同部分都可以省略 例：The sooner, the better. 越早越好。 She is as tall as I. 她和我一样高。 由as if/as though/as 引导的方式状语从句 例：The boy looked as if（he was）afraid of nothing. I wonder why he didn’t do as（he was）told to. 比较状语从句省略相同的部分： 例：She likes reading better than (she likes) going to parties. He has lived here longer than I (has lived). In winter it is colder in Beijing than（it is）in Guangzhou.
如何确定非谓语动词和谓语动词(经典版)
动词的形式-----谓语动词和非谓语动词 突破点（一）--如何确定非谓语动词还是谓语动词 若句中找不到谓语，则所给动词就作谓语 (1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般，空格所在的句子中无其他动词，那么这个空就应该填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等。例如2016全国Then, handle the most important tasks so you will feel a real sense of achievement .Leave the less important things until tomorrow ---63 (be) often acceptable. 分析：该句中主语为动名词leaving -----,故所给动词作谓语，谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，且根据语境知时态为一般现在时故填is 例二2016四川高考The giant panda ---61 (love) by people through the world. 分析：句中没有谓语故空格处应该做谓语。大熊猫为世界各地人们所喜爱是个客观事实，应用一般现在时，且panda 与love 间是被动关系，用被动语态故填is loved (2)若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词（并列连词或从句连词）时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是vIng形式，Ved 形式还是不定式。 例1 2016全国Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal-----43 (create) special designs. 分析:本句已有谓语动词combine 且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词，此处为不定式作目的状语故填to create 例二2016 全国My ambassadorial duties will include ----67(introduce) British visitors to the 120 plus panda at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 分析：句中已有谓语动词include 且无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。Include 及物动词其后加名词或动名词作宾语再结合提示Introduce和空后的名词visitors ,此处应用动名词作宾语故填introducing.
当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时且 谓语动词为be
v1.0 可编辑可修改 当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时且谓语动词为be，常省略从句的主语和be动词. 省略的条件: (1)从句中被省略的主语必须与主句的主语一致,或者是it；(2)谓语动词必须含有be；(3)从句必须与主语和be动词一起省去，不可只省略主语而保留整个谓语，也不可只保留主语而省略谓语。 1. 由when/while/as/once/whenever/as soon as引导的时间状语从句 例：Please come here as soon as（it is）possible. While （I was——walking in the rain, I heard my name called. 我在雨中漫步时，听到有人叫我的名字。 2.由if/unless引导的条件状语从句例：She won’t come to party unless（she is）invited. 3.由though/although/even if/even though引导的让步状语从句 例：He is very good at painting, though（he is）very young. T hough（he was）exhausted, he stayed up late. 尽管疲惫不堪，他仍很晚才睡。4.由because引导的原因状语从句 例：He was praised because （he was）brave. 5. 由wherever/where引导的地点状语从句 例：Fill in the blanks with articles where（it is）necessary. 6.从句和主句中相同或大体相同部分都可以省略 例：The sooner, the better. 越早越好。 She is as tall as I. 她和我一样高。 7.由as if/as though/as 引导的方式状语从句 例：The boy looked as if（he was）afraid of nothing. I wonder why he didn’t do as（he was）told to. 8.比较状语从句省略相同的部分： 例：She likes reading better than (she likes) going to parties. He has lived here longer than I (has lived). In winter it is colder in Beijing than（it is）in Guangzhou. 1
常见的非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词①一个句子常不能出现两个做谓语的动词②非谓语动词即在句中不做谓语,但却具有部分动词的性质(接宾语或表语) ③分类时间意义 不定式后时性表将来一次性动作 也称动词动名词泛时性概念性 v-ing形式现在分词也称动词现时性主动意义 过去分词分词形式完成性被动意义 一、动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。否定式：not + (to) do ; 完成式to have done；进行式; to be doing; 1, 不定式的句法功能：(1)作主语: 常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后 ￥ 常用句式有：①It+be+名词+to do; ②It takes sb. + some time +to do; ③It + be+ 形容词+ of sb.(人的品质) / for sb. + to do; It is very hard for us to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. It is careless of you to make such a silly mistake. It’s necessary for you to treasure the time. (2)作表语：Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. (3)作宾语：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面 Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. We think it important to study hard. · 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English. He asked me what to do next. (4)作宾语补足语：He tells me to study hard. He asked me to sit down. (5)作定语：被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only等限定词时候，只能用不定式。 He is always the first to come and the last to go. What’s the next to do She is the only girl to take part in the party. I have a meeting to attend. He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. (6)作状语：①表目的：He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 》 ②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果、意料之外)：常放在never, only后He arrived late only to find the train had gone. I visited him only to find him out. The prisoner breaks prison two times, only to be caught. ③表原因：They were very sad to hear the news. 2, 不定式的省略：If you don't want to do it, you don't need to. 3, 不定式的并列：He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 二、动名词: 为名词的一种。1．形式: Ving；否定式；被动式：完成式：完成被动式；复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词2．动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful. Collecting stamps is interesting. } （2）作表语:In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. （3）作宾语: They haven't finished building the dam. （4）作定语：He can't walk without a walking-stick. Is there a swimming pool in your school （5）作同位语：The cave, his hiding-place is secret. His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．