老托精选93篇 听力原文.pdf

老托Part C精选93篇

1

Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called "One On One" helps elementary students who've fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors—he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week.

【生词摘录】

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/067404246.html,ponent: n.［C］one of several parts that together make up a whole

machine or system （机器或系统的）零件；成分；组成部分

2.tutor: n.［C］someone who teaches one pupil or a small group, and is

directly paid by them 家庭教师，私人教师 v. to teach someone as a tutor 给…

当家庭教师；指导

3.mentor: n.［C］an experienced person who advises and helps a less

experienced person 顾问，指导人，教练

2

I hope you've all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance so that you're prepared for our discussion today. But, before we start, I'd like to mention a few things your text doesn't go into. It's interesting to note that insurance has existed in some form for a very long time. The earliest insurance policies were what we called bottomry contracts. They provided shipping protection for merchants as far back as 3000 B.C. In general, the contracts were often no more than verbal agreements. They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost at sea, the loan didn't have to be repaid. Interest on the loans varied according to how risky it was to transport the goods. During periods of heavy piracy at sea, for example, the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably. So, you can see how insurance helped encourage international trade. Even the most cautious merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances, not to mention in hazardous weather conditions when they had this kind of protection available. Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages. There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today. These were outlined in chapter six and will serve as the basis for the rest of today's discussion. Can anyone tell me what one of those points might be?

【生词摘录】

1.insurance: n.［U］an arrangement with a company in which you pay them

money each year and they pay the costs if anything bad happens to you, such as an illness or an accident 保险；the money that you pay regularly to an insurance company 保险费；the business of providing insurance 保险业

2.bottomry: n.船舶抵押契约（如船舶损失，则债务取消），冒险借贷

3.contract: n.［C］a formal written agreement between two or more

people,which says what each person must do for the other 契约；合同

4.loan: n.［C］an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc（银行

等的）贷款

5.understanding: n.［C usually singular］a private, unofficial agreement

（私底下、非正式的）协议，协定

6.interest: n.［U］a charge made for borrowing money（借贷的）利息［+on］

7.piracy: n. the crime of attacking and stealing from ships at sea海上抢劫，

海盗行为

8.cautious: adj. careful to avoid danger or risks小心的，谨慎的，慎重的

9.hazardous: adj.危险的

10.s alient: adj.formal the salient points or features of something are the

most important or most noticeable parts of it 【正式】显著的，突出的

11. paramount: adj. more important than anything else 至高无上的，最重要的

3

Located at the NASA Research Center in Iowa is a 5,000-gallon vat of water, and inside the tank is an underwater treadmill designed by Dava Newman, an aerospace engineer. For four years Newman observed scuba divers as they simulated walking on the Moon and on Mars on her underwater moving belt. She wanted to discover how the gravity of the Moon and of Mars would affect human movement. To do this, Newman attached weights to the divers and then lowered them into the tank and onto the treadmill. These weights were carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience underwater the gravity of the Moon and of Mars as they walked on the treadmill. Newman concluded that walking on Mars will probably be easier than walking on the Moon. The Moon has less gravity than Mars does, so at lunar gravity, the divers struggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly. But at Martian gravity, the divers had greater traction and stability and could easily adjust to a pace of 1.5 miles per hour. As Newman gradually increased the speed of the treadmill, the divers took longer, graceful strides until they comfortably settled into an even quicker pace. Newman also noted that at Martian gravity, the divers needed less oxygen. The data Newman collected will help in the future design of Martian space suits. Compared to lunar space suits, Martian space suits will require smaller air tanks; and, to allow for freer movement, the elbow and knee areas of the space suits will also be altered.

【生词摘录】

1.gallon: n.AmE a unit for measuring liquids, equal to 3.785 litres【美】加

仑（等于3.785升）

2.vat: n.［C］a very large container for storing liquids such as whisky or

dye,when they are being made（酿酒、盛染料用的）大缸，大桶

3.tank: n.［C］a large container for storing liquid or gas（盛放液体或气体的）

大容器

4.treadmill: n.［C］a mill worked in the past by prisoners treading on

steps fixed to a very large wheel（过去用以惩罚犯人的）踏车

5.aerospace: adj. involving the designing and building of aircraft and space

vehicles 航空和航天（器制造）的 n.［U］the industry that designs and builds aircraft and space vehicles 航空和航天工业，航天工业

6.scuba diving: n.［U］the sport of swimming under water while breathing

through a tube connected to a container of air on your back 斯库巴潜泳，水肺潜泳（戴自携式潜水呼吸器潜泳）

7.simulate: v. to make or produce something that is not real but has the

appearance of being real 模仿，模拟

8.Martian: adj. of or relating to the planet Mars火星的

Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome,but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.

【生词摘录】

1.Everglades National Park:大沼泽地国家公园

2.saw grass:克拉莎草；加州砖子苗

3.acre: n.［C］a unit for measuring area, equal to 4,047 square metres英

亩

4.sampling: n. items selected at random from a population and used to

test hypotheses about the population 取样，抽样，采样

5.exotic: adj.approving seeming unusual and exciting because of being

connected with a foreign country 【褒义】异国风情的，外国情调的：exotic birds 外国的奇异鸟类

6.alligator: n.［C］a large animal with a long mouth and sharp teeth that

lies in the hot wet parts of the US and China 短吻鳄

7.boardwalk: n.［C］AmE a raised path made of wood, usually built next

to the sea【美】（常在海滨）用木板铺成的小道

8.prairie: n.［C］a wide open area of land in North America which is

covered in grass or wheat（北美洲的）大草原

9.canoe: n.［C］a long light boat that is pointed at both ends and which

you move along using a paddle 独木舟，小划子

10.n egotiate: v. <口>成功通过，顺利越过

11.m osquito: n.［C］a small flying insect that sucks the blood of people

and animals 蚊子

Thank you. It's great to see so many of you interested in this series on "Survival in Outer Space." Please excuse the cameras; we're being videotaped for the local TV stations. Tonight I'm going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival—the space suit. When most of you imagine an astronaut, that's probably the first thing that comes to mind, right? Well, without space suits, it would not be possible for us to survive in space. For example, outer space is a vacuum—there's no gravity or air pressure; without protection, a body would explode. What's more, we'd cook in the sun or freeze in the shade with temperatures ranging from a toasty300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. The space suit that NASA has developed is truly a marvel. This photo enlargement here is a life-size image of an actual space suit worn by astronauts on the last space shuttle mission. This part is the torso. It’s made of seven extremely durable layers. This thick insulation protects against temperature extremes and radiation. Next is what they call a "bladder" of oxygen that's an inflatable sac, filled with oxygen, to simulate atmospheric pressure. This bladder presses against the body with the same force as the Earth's atmosphere at sea level. The innermost layers provide liquid cooling and ventilation. Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible, allowing free movement so we can work. Another really sophisticated part of the space suit is the helmet. I brought one along to show you. Can I have a volunteer come and demonstrate?

【生词摘录】

1.videotape: v. to record a television programme, film etc on a videotape把

（电视节目、电影等）录在录像（磁）带上

2.vacuum: n.［C］a space that is completely empty of all gas, especially

one from which all the air has been taken away 真空

3.shade: n.［U］slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sun

made by something blocking it 荫，背阴处

4.toasty: adj.AmE informal warm and comfortable【美，非正式】暖烘烘的，

温暖舒适的

5.Fahrenheit: n.［U］a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 32°

and boils at 212°华氏温度

6.marvel: n.［C］something or someone surprisingly useful or skillful, that

you like and admire very much 十分有用（灵巧）的物（人）

7.enlargement: n.［C］a photograph that has been printed again in a

larger size 放大的照片

8.life-size:又作life-sized，adj. a picture or model of something or someone

that is life-size is the same size as they are in real life 与实物（真人）大小一样的

9.shuttle: n.［C］a spacecraft that can fly into space and return to Earth,

10.m ission: n.［C］an important job done by a member of the airforce,

army etc, especially an attack on the enemy 任务，使命

11.t orso: n.［C］your body, not including your head, arms, or legs（头和四

肢除外的）人体躯干

12.durable: adj. staying in good condition for a long time even if used a lot耐

用的

13.i nsulation: n.［U］material used to insulate something, especially a

building（尤指建筑物的）绝缘材料；the act of insulating something or the state of being insulated 隔绝

14.e xtreme: n.［C］something that goes beyond normal limits, so that it

seems very unusual and unacceptable 极端

15.b ladder: n.［C］a bag of skin, leather, or rubber, for example inside a

football, that can be filled with air or liquid （可充气或充水的）囊；袋

16.i nflatable: adj. an inflatable object has to be filled with air before you can

use it 须充气方可使用的，（需）充气的

17.s ac: n.technical a part inside a plant or animal that is shaped like a bag

and contains liquid or air 【术语】（动物或植物的）囊；液囊

18.i nnermost: adj.formal furthest inside【正式】最里面的

19.v entilation: n.［U］通风（ventilate: v. to let fresh air into a room,

building etc 使通风）

20.h elmet: n.［C］a strong hard hat worn for protection by soldiers,

motorcycle riders, the police etc 头盔，钢盔，安全帽

21.demonstrate: v. to show or prove something clearly证明，论证，证实；to

show or describe how something works or is done 示范，演示；to march through the streets with a large group of people in order to publicly protest about something （为公开抗议某事）游行，示威；to show that you have a particular skill, quality, or ability 展示，表露出（某种技能、品质或能力）

6

Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club, I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet. This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production. It includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance. The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D. Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kind of firework. It looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks! You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to confront the violence in modern life. The central symbol of the work is a pineapple, but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch, see if you can figure it out. The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy of rock music. It was composed by David Byrne. Of the rock band Talking Heads? And the lead dancer in this version was Sara Rudner, who is perfectly suited to Tharp's adventurous choreography. Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms. Tharp used. We hope you can stay for that. So, enjoy tonight's video and thank you for your support.

【生词摘录】

1.present: v. to give a performance in a theatre, cinema, etc, or broadcast a

programme on television or radio 上演；演出；表演；播出（电视或广播节目）

2.ballet: n.［C］a performance in which a special style of dancing and

music tell a story without any speaking 芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞曲

3.animation: n.［U］the process of making animated films动物片的制作

4.wheel: n.［C］one of the round things under a car, bus, bicycle etc that

turn when it moves （汽车、公共汽车、自行车等的）车轮

5.firework: n.［C usually plural］a small container filled with powder that

burns or explodes to produce coloured lights, noise, and smoke 烟火，烟花，焰火

6.pinwheel: n.［C］a toy consisting of a stick with curved pieces of plastic

at the end that turn around when they are blown 玩具风车（windmill, BrE）7.pineapple: n.［C,U］a large yellow-brown tropical fruit or its sweet juicy

yellow flesh 菠萝，凤梨

8.controversy: n.［C,U］a serious argument or disagreement, especially about

something such as a plan or decision, that continues for a long time 争

论；辩论；争议

9.rhythmic:又作rhythmical, adj. having rhythm有节奏的

10.a dventurous: adj.又作adventuresome,AmE【美】eager to go to new

places and do exciting or dangerous things 喜欢冒险的，有冒险精神的；not afraid of taking risks or trying new things 敢作敢为的，大胆创新的

a performance 编舞（艺术）；舞蹈设计

12.s ymbolism: n.［U］the use of symbols to represent something象征主义

（手法）

In our lab today, we'll be testing the hypothesis that babies can count as early as five months of age. The six babies here are all less than six months old. You'll be watching them on closed circuit TV and measuring their responses. The experiment is based on the well-established observation that babies stare longer if they don't see what they expect to see. First, we're going to let two dolls move slowly in front of the babies. The babies will see the two dolls disappear behind a screen. Your job is to record, in seconds, how long the babies stare at the dolls when the screen is removed. In the next stage, two dolls will again move in front of the babies and disappear. But then a third doll will follow. When the screen is removed, the babies will only see two dolls. If we're right, the babies will now stare longer because they expect three dolls but only see two. It seems remarkable to think that such young children can count. My own research has convinced me that they have this ability from birth. But whether they do or not, perhaps we should raise another question. Should we take advantage of this ability by teaching children mathematics at such a young age? They have great untapped potential, but is it good for parents to pressure young children?

【生词摘录】

1.hypothesis: n.plural hypotheses,［C］an idea that is suggested as a

possible way of explaining a situation, proving an idea etc, which has not yet been shown to be true 假设，假说

2.closed circuit television (TV): a system in which cameras send pictures

to television sets that is used in many public buildings to protect them from crime 闭路电视

3.well-established: adj. established for a long time and respected历史悠久

且享有盛誉的

4.untapped: adj. an untapped resource, market etc has not yet been used

（资源、市场等）未开发的；未利用的

Before starting our tour of Monticello, I'd like to give you some historical facts that might help you appreciate what you see today even more. Monticello was the very much loved home of Thomas Jefferson for over fifty years. Jefferson, who was, of course, President, was also a great reader and language enthusiast. He read widely on different subjects, including architecture. He wasn't formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study and observation of other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house. He chose the site himself, naming the estate "Monticello," which means "little mountain" in Italian. In fact, many of the ideas behind the design also came from the Italian architect Andrea Palladio, who lived in the sixteenth century and who had a great influence on the architecture of England. Jefferson, however, ignored one of Palladio's principles, that is, not to build in a high place. Monticello's elevation made the transportation of what was needed at the house—for example, food—especially difficult. But the view from the estate would not be as spectacular if Jefferson had followed Palladio's advice; there really is no boundary between the house and the nature around it, and so Jefferson was able to look out on his beloved state of Virginia from his wonderful vantage point. Now we'll go on to Jefferson's library.

【生词摘录】

1.Monticello:蒙提切娄

2.appreciate: v. to understand how good or useful someone or something is

欣赏，赏识，鉴赏

3.enthusiast: n.［C］someone who is very interested in a particular

activity or subject 热衷于…的人

4.estate: n.［C］a large area of land in the country, usually with one large

house on it and one owner （在乡村附有宅地的）一大片私有土地，庄园

5.elevation: n.［singular］a height above the level of the sea海拔

6.spectacular: adj. very impressive and exciting壮观的，精彩的，引人注目的

7.vantage point: a good position from which you can see something（能观

察某物的）有利位置

Now that we've all introduced ourselves to the new members, let's get down to work. As the committee in charge of this year's tree-planting project, we have several items on our agenda. First, we have to review the budget. The president has informed me that the trustees have set aside $3,000 for the purchase of trees and our environmental T-shirt sale netted a profit of $1,500. Second, we have to finalize the choice of trees. As you know, we're working with Richardson's Nursery again this year since everyone seemed pleased with the work he did for us last year. Mr. Richardson has presented us with several choices within our price range that he thinks would meet our needs. He's sent us pictures of the trees for us to look at, but he wanted me to tell you that we're welcome to visit the nursery if we want to see the trees themselves. Lastly, we need to plan some kind of ceremony to commemorate the planting. Several ideas, including a garden party of some sort, have been suggested. So let's get on with it and turn to the first order of business.

【生词摘录】

1.item: n.［C］a single thing, especially part of a list, group, or set（尤指清

单上、一群或一组事物中的）一项；一件；一条

2.trustee: n.［C］a member of a group that controls the money of a

company,college, or other organization（公司、学院等的）理事，董事会成员https://www.sodocs.net/doc/067404246.html,: v.especially AmE to earn a particular amount of money as a profit

after tax has been paid 【尤美】获得净收入，净赚

4.finalize: v. to finish the last part of a plan, business deal etc使（计划、交

易等）确定，最后定下

5.nursery: n.［C］a place where plants and trees are grown and sold苗圃

（garden center,BrE）

Welcome to the Four Winds Historical Farm, where traditions of the past are preserved for visitors like you. Today, our master thatchers will begin giving this barn behind me a sturdy thatched roof, able to withstand heavy winds and last up to a hundred years. How do they do it? Well, in a nutshell, thatching involves covering the beams or rafters, the wooden skeleton of a roof with reeds or straw. Our thatchers here have harvested their own natural materials for the job, the bundles of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn. Thatching is certainly uncommon in the Untied States today. I guess that's why so many of you have come to see this demonstration. But it wasn't always that way. In the seventeenth century, the colonists here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw, just as they had done in England. After a while, though, they began to replace the thatch with wooden shingles because wood was so plentiful. And eventually, other roofing materials like stone, slate, and clay tiles came into use. It's a real shame that most people today don't realize how strong and long lasting a thatched roof is. In Ireland, where thatching is still practiced, the roofs can survive winds of up to one hundred ten miles per hour. That's because straw and reeds are so flexible. They bend but don't break in the wind like other materials can. Another advantage is that the roofs keep the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter. And then, of course, there's the roofs' longevity—the average is sixty years, but they can last up to a hundred. With all these reasons to start thatching roofs again, wouldn't it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity?

【生词摘录】

1.thatcher: n.［C］someone skilled in making a roof from plant stalks or

foliage 盖屋顶者

2.barn: n.［C］a large farm building for storing crops, or for keeping

animals in 谷仓，粮秣房，仓库，牲口棚；informal a large, plain building 【非正式】空荡荡的大房子

3.withstand: v. to be strong enough to remain unharmed by something such as

great heat or cold, great pressure etc 耐得住，承受住（酷热、严寒、高压等）

4.in a nutshell:spoken used when you are stating the main facts about

something in a short, clear way 【口】一言以蔽之，简括地说，用一句话概括

5.beam: n.［C］a long heavy piece of wood or metal used in building

houses,bridges etc 梁，横梁

6.rafter: n.［C usually plural］one of the large sloping pieces of wood that

form the structure of a roof 椽

7.skeleton: n.［C］the most important parts of something, to which more

detail can be added later 骨架，框架；梗概，纲要

8.reed: n.［C］a type of tall plant like grass that grows in wet places芦苇

9.straw: n.［U］the dried stems of wheat or similar plants that are used for

（如麦秆等）

10.c olonist: n.［C］someone who settles in a new colony开拓殖民地的居民，

拓殖者

11.s hingle: n.［C］one of many small thin pieces of building materials,

especially wood, used to cover a roof or wall（覆盖屋顶或墙用的）木瓦；屋面板；墙面板

12.slate: n.［U］a dark grey rock that can easily be split into flat thin pieces板

岩，板石

13.clay: n.［U］heavy sticky soil that can be used for making pots, bricks etc

黏土

14.t ile: n.［C］a flat square piece of baked clay or other material, used for

covering roofs, floors etc（屋顶、地板等上用的）瓷砖，地砖

15.l ongevity: n.［U］formal long life【正式】长寿；technical the length of a

person or animal’s life【术语】（人或动物的）寿命

A lot of people in the United States are coffee drinkers. Over the last few years, a trend has been developing to introduce premium, specially blended coffees, known as "gourmet coffees" into the American market. Boston seems to have been the birthplace of this trend. In fact, major gourmet coffee merchants from other cities like Seattle and San Francisco came to Boston, where today they're engaged in a kind of "coffee war" with Boston's merchants. They are all competing for a significant share of the gourmet coffee market. Surprisingly, the competition among these leading gourmet coffee businesses will not hurt any of them. Experts predict that the gourmet coffee market in the United States is growing and will continue to grow, to the point that gourmet coffee will soon capture half of what is now a 1.5-million-dollar market and will be an 8-million-dollar market by 1999. Studies have shown that coffee drinkers who convert to gourmet coffee seldom go back to the regular brands found in supermarkets. As a result, these brands will be the real losers in the gourmet coffee competition.

【生词摘录】

1.premium: adj. of high quality高级的，优质的

2.blended: adj. combined or mixed together so that the constituent parts

are indistinguishable 混合的

3.gourmet: n.［C］someone who knows a lot about food and wine and

who enjoys good food and wine 美食家

4.birthplace: n.［C usually singular］the place where someone was born,

especially someone famous （尤指名人的）出生地；the place where something first started to happen or exist 发源地，发祥地

You may remember that a few weeks ago we discussed the question of what photography is. Is it art, or is it a method of reproducing images? Do photographs belong in museums or just in our homes? Today I want to talk about a person who tried to make his professional life an answer to such questions. Alfred Stieglitz went from the United States to Germany to study engineering. While he was there, he became interested in photography and began to experiment with his camera. He took pictures under conditions that most photographers considered too difficult. He took them at night, in the rain, and of people and objects reflected in windows. When he returned to the United States he continued these revolutionary efforts. Stieglitz was the first person to photograph skyscrapers, clouds, and views from an airplane. What Stieglitz was trying to do in these photographs was what he tried to do throughout his life: make photography an art. He felt that photography could be just as good a form of self-expression as painting or drawing. For Stieglitz, his camera was his brush. While many photographers of the late 1800's and early 1900's thought of their work as a reproduction of identical images, Stieglitz saw his as a creative art form. He understood the power of the camera to capture the moment. In fact, he never retouched his prints or made copies of them. If he were in this classroom today, I'm sure he'd say, "Well, painters don't normally make extra copies of their paintings, do they?" 【生词摘录】

1.experiment: v. to try various ideas, methods etc to see whether they will

work or what effect they will have 试验；试用

2.skyscraper: n.［C］a very tall modern city building摩天大楼

3.identical: adj. exactly the same完全相同的［+to］

4.capture: v. to succeed in showing or describing a situation or feeling

using words or pictures（用语言或图片）记录下

5.retouch: v. to improve a picture or photograph by painting over marks or

making other small changes 描绘，润色（图画、照片）

So, uh . . . as Jim said, James Polk was the eleventh President, and . . . uh . . . well, my report's about the next President—Zachary Taylor. Taylor was elected in 1849. It's surprising because . . . well, he was the first President that didn't have any previous political experience. The main reason he was chosen as a candidate was because he was a war hero. In the army, his men called him "Old Rough and Ready". I guess because of his . . . "rough edges." He was kind of blunt and he didn't really look like a military hero. He liked to do things like wear civilian clothes instead of a uniform, even in battle. And he was so short and plump he had to be lifted up onto his horse. But he did win a lot of battles and he became more and more popular. So, the Whig party decided to nominate him for the presidency, even though no one knew anything about where he stood on the issues. I couldn't find much about his accomplishments, probably because he was only in office about a year and a half before he died. But one thing, he pushed for the development of the transcontinental railroad because he thought it was important to form a link with the West Coast. There was a lot of wealth in California and Oregon from commerce and minerals and stuff. Also, he established an agricultural bureau in the Department of the Interior and promoted more government aid to agriculture. Well, that's about all I found. Like I said, he died in office in 1850, so his Vice President took over, and that's the next report, so . . . thank you.

【生词摘录】

1.rough and ready: crude but effective for the purpose at hand马虎的（粗

犷而有能力的，大致不差的）

2.rough: adj. having an uneven surface（表面）粗糙的，不平的

3.edge: n.［C］the part of an object that is furthest from its center边，边缘

4.blunt: adj. speaking in an honest way even if this upsets people（说话）不

客气的，直言不讳的

5.civilian: n. anyone who is not a member of the army, navy, airforce, or

police 非军人，文职人员；平民，百姓

6.uniform: n. a particular type of clothing worn by all the members of a group

or organization such as the police, the army etc（警察、军人等穿的）制服

7.plump: adj. a word meaning pleasantly fat, often used when you want to

avoid saying the word fat 丰满的，胖乎乎的

8.nominate: v. to officially suggest someone for an important position,

duty,or prize 提名，推荐

9.presidency: n.［C］the job of president总统（主席，校长等）的职位

10.a ccomplishment: n.［C］something successful or impressive that is

achieved after a lot of effort and hard work; achievement 成就，成绩

11.t ranscontinental: adj. crossing a continent横贯大陆的

12. Oregon: 俄勒冈

13.b ureau: n. especially AmE a government department or a part of a

I want to welcome each and every balloon enthusiast to Philadelphia. Thank you for coming here this morning to commemorate the first balloon voyage in the United States. On January 9, 1793, at ten o'clock in the morning, a silk balloon lifted into the skies above this city, which was, at the time, the capital of the country. According to the original records of the flight, the voyage lasted forty-six minutes, from its departure in Philadelphia to its landing across the Delaware River in New Jersey. Though our pilots today will try to approximate the original landing site, they're at the mercy of the winds, so who knows where they'll drift off to. Even the balloonist in 1793 experienced some uncertain weather that day. There were clouds, fog, and mist in various directions. Our reenactment promises to be nothing less than spectacular. The yellow balloon directly behind me is five stories high. It's inflated with helium, unlike the original, which was filled with hydrogen and,unbeknownst to the pilot, potentially explosive. Gas-filled models are pretty uncommon now because of the extremely high cost, so the eighty other balloons in today's launch are hot air, heated by propane burners. These balloons are from all over the country.

【生词摘录】

1.balloon: n. a large bag of strong light cloth filled with gas or heated air so

that it can float in the air 热气球

2.enthusiast: n.［C］someone who is very interested in a particular

activity or subject 热衷于…的人

3.Philadelphia:费城

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/067404246.html,memorate: v. to do something to show that you remember and respect

someone important or an important event in the past 庆祝，为…举行纪念活

动

5.approximate: v. to be close to a particular number接近

6.at the mercy of: unable to do anything to protect yourself from someone

or something 任凭…的摆布（而无力保护自己）

7.balloonist: n.［C］someone who flies a balloon气球驾驶者

8.reenactment: n.重新制定（法律等），重新颁布（法令等）；再次扮演，再次演

出；再次展现（相同的事件）

9.nothing less than:只不过是，正是，无非是

10.i nflate: v. if you inflate something, or if it inflates, it fills with air or gas

so that it becomes larger（使）充气，（使）膨胀

11.helium: n.［U］a gas that is lighter than air, often used in balloons氦（气）

12.u nbeknownst: adj.又作unbeknown，unbeknownst to somebody, without

that person knowing about it 不为某人所知的

13.propane: n.［U］a colorless gas used for both cooking and heating丙烷（气）

14.b urner: n.［C］AmE the part of an oven or heater that produces heat or

I'm glad you brought up the question of our investigations into the makeup of the Earth's interior. In fact, since this is the topic of your reading assignment for next time, let me spend these last few minutes of class talking about it. There were several important discoveries in the early part of this century that helped geologists develop a more accurate picture of the Earth's interior. The first key discovery had to do with seismic waves. Remember they are the vibrations caused by earthquakes. Well, scientists found that they traveled thousands of miles through the Earth's interior. This finding enabled geologists to study the inner parts of the Earth. You see, these studies revealed that these vibrations were of two types: compression or P waves and shear or S waves. And researchers found that P waves travel through both liquids and solids, while S waves travel only through solid matter. In 1906, a British geologist discovered that P waves slowed down at a certain depth but kept traveling deeper. On the other hand, S waves either disappeared or were reflected back, so he concluded that the depth marked the boundary between a solid mantle and a liquid core. Three years later, another boundary was discovered, that between the mantle and the Earth's crust. There's still a lot to be learned about the Earth. For instance, geologists know that the core is hot. Evidence of this is the molten lava that flows out of volcanoes. But we're still not sure what the source of the heat is. 【生词摘录】

1.makeup: n.［singular］a particularly combination of people or things

that form a group or whole（人或物的）组成，构成

2.seismic: adj.technical connected with or caused by earthquakes or

powerful explorations 【术语】地震的；地震引起的

3.vibration: n.［C,U］a continuous slight shaking movement颤动，振颤，震

动

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/067404246.html,pression: n. an increase in the density of something压缩

5.shear: n.【地】切变

6.boundary: n.［C］the official line that marks the edge of a town, country

etc 分界线，边界［+between］

7.mantle: n.［C］technical the part of the Earth around the central core

【术语】地幔

8.core: n.［C］the central part of the Earth or any other planet地心；（天体

的）核心

9.crust: n.［C,U］a thin hard dry layer on the surface of something（某物

的）硬薄外层（the Earth’s crust地壳）

10.m olten: adj. molten metal or rock has been made into a liquid by being

heated to a very high temperature 溶化的，熔融的（molten lava 熔岩）

11.l ava: n.［U］hot liquid rock that flows from a volcano（火山喷出的）岩浆，

Today we're going to practice evaluating the main tool used when addressing groups—the voice. There are three main elements that combine to create either a positive or negative experience for listeners. They can result in a voice that is pleasing to listen to and can be used effectively. Or they can create a voice that doesn't hold attention, or even worse, causes an adverse reaction. The three elements are volume, pitch, and pace. When evaluating volume, keep in mind that a good speaker will adjust to the size of both the room and the audience. Of course, with an amplifying device like a microphone, the speaker can use a natural tone. But speakers should not be dependent on microphones; a good speaker can speak loudly without shouting. The second element, pitch, is related to the highness or lowness of the sounds. High pitches are, for most people, more difficult to listen to, so in general speakers should use the lower registers of their voice. During a presentation, it's important to vary pitch to some extent in order to maintain interest. The third element, pace, that is how fast or slow words and sounds are articulated, should also be varied. A slower pace can be used to emphasize important points. Note that the time spent not speaking can be meaningful, too. Pauses ought to be used to signal transitions or create anticipation. Because a pause gives the listeners time to think about what was just said or even to predict what might come next, it can be very effective when moving from one topic to another. What I'd like you to do now is watch and listen to a videotape and use the forms I gave you to rate the speaking voices you hear. Then tonight I want you to go home and read a passage into a tape recorder and evaluate your own voice.

【生词摘录】

1.evaluate: v. to carefully consider something to see how useful or

valuable it is 评估，评价

2.address: v.address a meeting/crowd/conference etc to make a

speech to a large group of people 在会上/对人群/在大会上等发表演说

3.adverse: adj. not favorable不利的；反对的；相反的

4.pitch: n.［C］the highness or lowness of a musical note音调；音高

5.register: n.［C］technical the range of musical notes that someone’s

voice or a musical instrument can reach 【术语】（人声或乐器的）音域

6.anticipation: n.［U］the act of expecting something to happen预期，预

料，期望

7.videotape: n.［C,U］a long narrow band of magnetic material in a flat plastic

container, on which films, television programs etc can be recorded 录像（磁）带

8.rate: v. to think that someone or something has a particular quality,

value,or standard 对…作评估，评价

Let's proceed to the main exhibit hall and look at some of the actual vehicles that have played a prominent role in speeding up mail delivery. Consider how long it used to take to send a letter across a relatively short distance. Back in the 1600's it took two weeks on horseback to get a letter from Boston to New York, a distance of about 260 miles. Crossing a river was also a challenge. Ferry service was so irregular that a carrier would sometimes wait hours just to catch a ferry. For journeys inland, there was always the stagecoach, but the ride was by no means comfortable because it had to be shared with other passengers. The post office was pretty ingenious about some routes. In the nineteenth century, in the Southwestern desert, for instance, camels were brought in to help get the mail through. In Alaska, reindeer were used. This practice was discontinued because of the disagreeable temperament of these animals. We'll stop here a minute so that you can enter this replica of a railway mail car. It was during the Age of the Iron Horse that delivery really started to pick up, in fact, the United States transported most bulk mail by train for nearly 100 years. The first airmail service didn't start until 1918. Please take a few moments to look around. I hope you'll enjoy your tour. And as you continue on your own, may I suggest you visit our impressive philatelic collection. Not only can you look at some of the more unusual stamps issues, but there is an interesting exhibit on how stamps are made.

【生词摘录】

1.on horseback: riding a horse骑着马

2.ferry: n.［C］a boat that carries people or goods across a river or a

narrow part of a sea 渡船；渡轮

3.carrier: n.［C］a company that moves goods or passengers from one

place to another 运输公司

4.inland: adv. in a direction away from the coast and towards the center of

a country 向内陆，在内地

5.stagecoach: n.［C］a closed vehicle pulled by horses that in former times

carried passengers who paid to go to a particular place（旧时的）驿站马车

6.by no means: definitely not决不

7.ingenious: adj. an ingenious plan, idea, invention etc is the result of clever

thinking and new ideas, and works well （计划、主意、发明等）巧妙的，精妙的8.route: n.［C］the way from one place to another, especially a way that is

regularly used and can be shown on a map（尤指经常使用，可在地图上显示的）路线

9.reindeer: n.［C］a large deer with long wide horns驯鹿

10.d iscontinue: v. to stop doing or providing something that you have

regularly done or provided until now 中止，中断，终止

11.d isagreeable: adj. not at all enjoyable or pleasant令人不快的，不合意的，

老托答案

0001 DBADB CDABD DDBDA ADABC DCBCC BBACA ABDBD DABCB DACBA CADCD BACBB CCADD CBBCD DBBDB ABDCC CBCDD CAADB DBBDD BCDCD CBABB DAACA DCBCD CADAD BCBBD BADBB ADABB CCDDC BADAC 0005 BBDBD ACACB DABCC BDAAD CBBDC CADAD DADCB CAACC CDACD BBACB DBBDB CBDAD CCCAA ADCCD BCABD CCDDB CAADC ADDAC DDCCB CADAB BBDBC CCDAA BBBAA BCBAB DBDBD AACDB DCBAD CCADD 0008 BDBBA BABCA CABBB ACCAB DDDBC BDDAD ADBBD ABDBD ABBDB ABDAC BCDBD BDADD BADCD CDBCA BAABA DBBAD CDABB AACDB CBDBD BBABB DDCDC BCACA CBDCA BDBCD AACBC ABBDB CCBAD BCBDB 0010 CCDDA CADDD CAACB CADAA CBADD CABAC CABDC BCCAB ADBAC DCADB ABBCA DDBDA CBCDA DDDBA BABDC DAACC BDDBD DDCAA ACDCA BCDBA BCACD DCBAC DABCC CBCBB DDCCA BADCB DCCAC BBCAD 0101 DDACC BBADC BBDCD DABDB ACDAD BCBDC DDBBA BCDDB ACCDB AADBA BABBA BBDCD DBCAD DDCCB ABDCA CADCC ABBDB BCCDD BCADB DADDB CADDD CADBC ADCDB DABDA BCDAC BDDAB CBBAA DCACC 0105 BDDBC ACCAB ADCBD DABBC DDDCC ACDBB DABDC CBADB ADBAA DCABD CDDBB DBBBA CDCDB BDDAD DACAB BABCC CDDDB DADDA AABDA ACDBD CABDC ABCBD BACAD DCACA CBADD CCABD CBDAC DCDCC 0108 BCCCB ACDBB DABDB CBDBD ABBCC CBBBC ADCBC ADBCA DDAAC BACCA

老托精选93篇 听力原文.pdf

老托Part C精选93篇 1 Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called "One On One" helps elementary students who've fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors—he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week. 【生词摘录】 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/067404246.html,ponent: n.［C］one of several parts that together make up a whole machine or system （机器或系统的）零件；成分；组成部分 2.tutor: n.［C］someone who teaches one pupil or a small group, and is directly paid by them 家庭教师，私人教师 v. to teach someone as a tutor 给… 当家庭教师；指导 3.mentor: n.［C］an experienced person who advises and helps a less experienced person 顾问，指导人，教练

2019年托业考试听力部分真题

2019年托业考试听力部分真题 Conversation 1 学生请求Art Department多用环保型材料，教师要她做预算并 提交Proposal。 Lecture 1 艺术类。从Pottery的检测出发，提出了一些常见的方法。能够 看出文化交融，但是短处是这样的检测很麻烦。 Lecture 2 自然科学类。达尔文鸟的进化，然后还有个G的实验持续时间很长，并观察了鸟的Beak的变化，证明进化存有。 Conversation 2 学生要为小学买Sandbox，然后学生本人是去幼儿园实习的。彩 色大一级不能用，要等一两天。但是如果是黑白的就马上能用，但是 没钱，所以要募集捐款。找男教授印传单。之后男教授也觉得感兴趣，所以也要一份，价格是50美元。 Lecture 3 艺术类。讲法国画家伦勃朗会带学生，所以很难分辨他和学生的 作品。但是研究发现伦勃朗有独特的画画方式，就是把画分成几块， 而塞尚则是会一大块一起画。友人提出了X Ray and Auto Radiation，只能看到最底层的颜色，其他都看不出。现在用另一种方法研究画作，就能知道每种颜色留在画布上的时间，然后这协助科学家成功发现了 他的绘画技巧。 Lecture 4

自然科学类。说Oil的制造方法，热化学分解比其他的要好，所以介绍了热化学分解的一些具体步骤和优势。最后又说用这个代替石油，因为这种方法还需要很长的时间。 真题解析 本周托福考试情况没有出现AB卷，只有一套考题。两篇conversation都涉及到学生和考试的对话。绝大部分考生在这次考试中遇到第三个section。 四篇lecture文章分别为社会科学，生命科学，艺术史，还有自然科学的文章，文章题材形式都是同学们在日常练习中做过的文章。 Conversation 1 学生请求Art Department多用环保型材料，教师要她做预算并提交Proposal。 解析： 要听清学生找老师的目的：具更换环保材料的教具。要听清老师给的解决方案：提交预算和porposal。没有涉及到任何学术内容。难度一般。 Lecture 1 艺术类。从Pottery的检测出发，提出了一些常见的方法。能够看出文化交融，但是短处是这样的检测很麻烦。 解析： 学考古的文章，用不同的方法老检测pottery Lecture 2 自然科学类。达尔文鸟的进化，然后还有个G的实验持续时间很长，并观察了鸟的Beak的变化，证明进化存有。

老托福听力93篇(33-34)-Today I want to talk about

老托福听力93篇(33-34)-Today I want to talk about 33 Today I want to talk about the Earth's last major climatic shift, at the end of the last ice age. But first, let's back up a moment and review what we know about climatic change in general. First, we defined "climate" as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time. In general, changes in climate occur when the energy balance of the Earth is disturbed. Solar energy enters the Earth's atmosphere as light and is radiated by the Earth's surface as heat. Land, water, and ice each affect this energy exchange differently. The system is so complex that, to date, our best computer models are only crude approximations and are not sophisticated enough to test hypotheses about the causes of climatic change. Of course, that doesn't keep us from speculating. For instance, volcanic activity is one mechanism that might affect climatic change. When large volcanoes erupt, they disperse tons of particles into the upper atmosphere, where the particles then reflect light. Since less light is entering the system of energy exchange, the result would be a cooling of the Earth's surface. Of course, this is just one possible mechanism of global climate change. In all probability, a complete explanation would involve several different mechanisms operating at the same time. 【生词摘录】 1. climatic: adj. connected with the weather in a particular area 气候的 2. ice age: one of the long periods of time, thousands of years ago, when ice covered many northern countries 冰川期，冰河时代 3. consistent: adj. always having the same beliefs, behavior, attitudes, quality etc(信仰、行为、态度、品质等)一贯的，一致的;始终如一的 4. disturb: v. to interrupt someone so that they cannot continue what they are doing by asking a question, making a noise etc 干扰，打扰;使中断 5. radiate: v. if something radiates light or heat, or if light or heat radiates from something, it is sent out in all directions 辐射(光或热);(向四面八方)发射 6. crude: adj. not developed to a high standard or made with great skill 粗制的 7. approximation: n. [C]a number, amount etc that is not exact, but is almost correct 概算，近似值 8. hypothesis: n. [C]plural hypotheses, an idea that is suggested as a possible way of explaining a situation, proving and idea etc, which has not yet been shown to be true 假设，假说 9. speculate: v. to think or talk about the possible causes or effects of something without knowing all the facts or details 猜测，推测 10. disperse: v. if something disperses or is dispersed, it spreads over a wide area(使)消散;(使)分散 11. cooling: n.[U]the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature 冷却 34 I know you're anxious to get your permits and get started. But there're just a few things I'd like to mention that might help you avoid trouble during your stay. First of all, make sure you carry adequate water. You'll need it if you're hiking, especially in this heat. A good rule of thumb is to bring one gallon per person per day this time of year. Don't try to rely on the park's natural springs to supply all your water needs. And please, do not use soap in the springs. It's your responsibility to protect the park's natural features. For those of you staying beyond the weekend, make sure that you set up camp well away from dry creekbeds. We may get some heavy rainfall, and those creekbeds could quickly

老托福93篇听力原文

1 Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called "One On One" helps elementary students who've fallen behind. Y ou education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. Y ou'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. Y ou can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors---he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. Y ou can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week. 2 I hope you've all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance so

老托福听力93篇(27-28)

老托福听力93篇(27-28)-It seems like only yesterday 27 It seems like only yesterday that I was sitting where you are, just finishing my first year of medical school and wondering if I'd ever get a chance to use all my new knowledge on a real live patient! Well, I have good news for you! You don't have to wait until your third or fourth year of medical school to get some hands-on experience! The dean has invited me here to tell you about the university's rural opportunity program. If you enroll in this program, you can have the opportunity this summer, after your first year of medical school, to spend from four to six weeks observing and assisting a real physician like me in a small rural community. You won't have to compete with other students for time and attention, and you can see what life as a country doctor is really like. The program was designed to encourage medical students like yourselves to consider careers in rural communities that are still understaffed. It seems that medical students are afraid to go into rural family practice for two reasons. First, they don't know much about it. And second, specialists in the cities usually make more money. But, on the up-side, in rural practice, doctors can really get to know their patients and be respected members of the community. I participated in the program when it first started and spent six weeks in a small rural town. Let me tell you, it was really great! I got to work with real patients. I watched the birth of a child, assisted an accident victim, and had lots of really practical hands-on experience—all in one summer. And to my surprise, I found that country life has a lot to offer that city life doesn't—no pollution or traffic jams, for instance! My experience made me want to work where I'm needed and appreciated. I don't miss the city at all! 【生词摘录】 1. live: adj. not dead or artificial; living 活的;非人造的;有生命的 2. hands-on: adj. providing practical experience of something by letting people do it themselves 实际操作的，亲身实践的 3. enroll: v. to officially arrange to join a school, university or course, or arrange for someone else to 招(生)，吸收(成员);注册(学习) 4. physician: n. [C]AmE formal a doctor 【美，正式】(内科)医生 5. understaffed: adj. not having enough workers, or fewer workers than usual 人员(配备)不足的，人手不够的 6. up-side: n. especially AmE the positive part of a situation that is generally bad【尤美】(不利局面中)好的一面，积极面 7. victim: n. [C]someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered 受害者;牺牲者 8. jam: n.[C]a situation in which it is difficult or impossible to move because there are so many people, things, cars etc close together 拥挤;堵塞 9. appreciate: v. to understand how good or useful someone or something is 欣赏;赏识;鉴赏 28 In the few minutes that remain of today's class, I'd like to discuss next week's schedule with you. Because I'm presenting a paper at a conference in Detroit on Thursday, I won't be here for either Wednesday's or Friday's class. I will, however, be here for Monday's. Next Friday, a week from today, is the midterm exam, marking the halfway point in the semester. Professor Andrews has agreed to administer the exam. In place of the usual Wednesday class, I've arranged an optional review session. Since it is optional, attendance will not be taken; however, attending the class would be a good idea for those worried about the midterm. So, remember: optional class next Wednesday; midterm, Friday.

托福听力资料积累：植物学

托福听力资料积累：植物学 托福听力背景知识：托福听力中有大量的专业及学术词汇，这些词汇大多依托于听力背景知识，如果考生能够事先了解一些托福听力的背景知识，对听懂听力对话及段子有很有帮助。下面，小编为大家总结“托福听力背景知识-植物学”，希望对大家有所帮助。植物学(botany)是生物学的分支学科。主要研究植物的结构(structure)、生长(growth)、繁殖(reproduction)、新陈代谢(metabolism)、发展(development)、化学特征(chemical properties)、疾病(disease)及进化(evolution)等等。研究可以从多个角度切入，通过研究植物的细胞器(organelle)、细胞(cell)、组织(tissue)、器官(organ)、个体(individual)、种群(population)，可以了解到其分子(molecular)、基因(genetic)和生物化学(biochemistry)各方面的信息。人类早期对于植物的研究主要出于辨别植物能否食用，能否入药及是否有毒，这也使植物学成为最老的一门学科之一。当今植物学家研究了超过550000种植物，目的在于开发、利用、改造和保护植物资源，让植物为人类提供更多的食物、纤维、药物、建筑材料等。 植物的基本结构 和其他话题一样，考生对于植物学的了解并不需要多么

专业，但朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家提醒各位考生，至少要了解一些和植物相关的基本词汇才能理解文章所要表达的内容。以一棵树为例，其组成部分主要包括了树干(trunk)、树皮(bark)、根(root)、树枝(branch/bough)、细枝(twig)、嫩芽，幼苗(shoot)、树叶(leaves)、叶柄(stalk)等。植物的花(flower)包括了花苞(bud)、花瓣(petal)、花蜜(nectar)、花粉(pollen)、雌蕊(pistil)、雄蕊(stamen)等。植物的果实(fruit)包括了果皮(peel)、果肉(flesh)、种子(seed)等，有的种子外部会包裹坚硬的壳(shell)，以保护种子不受伤害。 植物的光和作用(photosynthesis) 不论对于植物还是人类乃至整个地球来说，光和作用都是非常重要的过程。简单来说，光和作用就是绿色植物利用光能将其所吸收的二氧化碳(carbon dioxide)和水转化为有机物(organics)，并释放出氧气(oxygen)的过程。存在于叶子中的叶绿素(chlorophyll)和一些酶(enzyme)在光合作用中起到了举足轻重的作用。在这个过程中，植物为人类消耗了我们生产、生活中所排放的二氧化碳气体，也就是通常意义上的温室气体(greenhouse gas)。植物释放的氧气是人类生存必不可少的。同时，植物生产储存的有机物又为动物提供能量来源，因此植物被称为食物链(food chain)的生产者。 植物的用途

托福听力备考经验来了超全超实用

托福听力备考经验来了超全超实用 还在苦恼怎么把托福听力分数提上来吗？看看高分的人这么说吧，小本本记起来~ 托福听力备考实战向提升学习方法介绍这3种做题方式帮你积累考试经验 托福听力备考实战训练方法：概述训练Summary Summary指的是“概述，大意”的意思，具体指的是我们在听到一篇听力材料后所进行的概括。这并不需要我们听懂材料的每一个细节，但是要能够抓住说话人的思路和框架。这个训练对于托福听力至关重要，因为托福听力，尤其是讲座，并不需要我们听懂每一个细节，更重要的是教授讲课的思路和全文的重要细节。很多同学听完一篇听力材料时，问他听到了什么，他只能说出一个又一个零散的单词，这是远远不够的。 练习summary的方法很简单，就以托福听力的讲座为材料，一边听一边记笔记，录音结束，然后自己根据大脑的记忆和笔记进行全文重点内容的英文复述，然后再反复，直到练到可以将一篇讲座顺畅的复述出来为止。这样练上几十篇，你对把握听力材料整体的能力就会有极大的提高。 托福听力备考实战训练方法：听写训练Dictation Dictation，也就是听写，它指的是将一篇听力录音中的原文全部听抄下来。为什么要进行听写?因为它是听力提高最有效的方法。为什么听写是听力提高最有效的方法?因为它能将一个人听力中所有细枝末节的问题都暴露出来，然后订正，全部解决掉，这样最有效率，也最深刻。 那么对于准备托福考试的考生而言，最好的听写材料是什么?是老托的lecture。为什么老托的lecture是最好的听写材料?因为新托是老托的延续，老托和新托在题材、词汇，和难度上都大致相当。当然，

如果基础比较薄弱的同学，可以先花一个月的时间将新概念第二和第三册的美英版先听写完，然后再来听写老托的lecture，这样会更加磨刀不误砍柴功。 托福听力备考实战训练方法：潜意识听力训练Subconscious listening practice Subconscious listening practice，意思是“下意识的听力练习”，它指的是我们要自己为自己创造一个英文的环境，比如早晨一起床，我们就打开音箱播放英语，可以是托福的听力机经材料，也可以是英文广播，也可以是一部英文电影，whatever，只要是英文的就行，这样做的好处是我们随时都可以听到英语，这样会在潜移默化中加强我们对英语的敏感。 上述这3种训练方法就是能够帮助大家提升托福听力实战能力的技巧。小编相信如果大家能够做好充分的练习，在托福听力考试中自然就能顺利拿到理想分数了。 托福听力想突破高分需要做什么 8月10日参加托福考试的同学可能都发现了，新的托福成绩单上没有得分和对应档位的描述。 并且，细心的伙伴可能也发现了，前段时间ETS发布的Performance Descriptors for the TOEFL iBT test, 与之前的分数对应档位描述有差别。 所以今天这篇文章，我将从听力角度带大家分析一下，希望同学们能对号入座，找出自己问题所在。 从这份能看出来，托福听力水平在22-30的档位属于高段位。因此，22分是一个鸿沟。如果你现在听力还木有22分的水平，请好好夯实基本功，做好精听和。 我们下面主要来看看到了22分这个门槛，距离你稳定在26分水平，还有多大差距? 我们来看分数描述中的advanced级别(22-30分)的说明：Understand main ideas and explicitly stated important details, even if

老托 Part C 精选93篇之前两篇

老托Part C 精选93篇 1 Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called "One On One" helps elementary students who've fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors—he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week. 【生词摘录】 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/067404246.html,ponent: n.［C］one of several parts that together make up a whole machine or system （机器或系统的）零件；成分；组成部分 2.tutor: n. ［C］someone who teaches one pupil or a small group, and is directly paid by them 家庭教师，私人教师v. to teach someone as a tutor 给… 当家庭教师；指导 3.mentor: n. ［C］an experienced person who advises and helps a less experienced person 顾问，指导人，教练

老年人日间托老机构养老意愿及影响因素分析

老年人日间托老机构养老意愿及影响因素分析 本文通过了解老年人的日间托老机构养老意愿，并分析其影响因素，为老年人养老选择及社会养老事业的多元化转换提供理论参考。方法是通过问卷法调查大连市常住居民的日托养老选择意愿及影响因素等，采用社会学统计软件SPSS 20.0进行统计分析。日托养老机构作为社会养老的一种独特方式，应针对老年人的身心需求提供多元化服务和灵活的运营方式，提高老年人生活质量。 标签：日间托老机构；老年人；养老意愿；影响因素 2016年我国60周岁及以上老年人口达23086万人，占总人口的16.7%，65周岁及以上老年人口15003万人，占总人口数的10.8%。根据联合国人口预测，到2050年我国60岁以上老年人口将达峰值4.39亿，老年人口比重为31.1%，我国将步入深度老龄社会。日间托老是发达国家在机构养老不足以应对人口老龄化、家庭小型化背景下产生的“白天去托老所，晚上回自己家”的社会养老模式。该模式可以把家庭养老和社会养老相结合，利用多元力量共同承担养老重负。为探讨老年人对日间托老机构的选择意愿，我们以大连地区为例开展调查研究，以期为构建与完善养老服务体系提供参考依据。 一、对象与方法 （一）调查对象与方法 选取大连市五个行政区的常驻人口进行问卷调查，共发放问卷240份，回收有效问卷212份，回收率为88.33%。纳入标准：年龄≥60岁；为大连常住人口且自愿参加研究。排除标准：意识障碍，听力或视力严重障碍，无法配合完成调查者。被调查者自行填写问卷，如理解或填寫困难，可由调查人员讲解或指导填写。 （二）质量控制 调查前制定标准操作流程，并对调查人员进行统一培训，包括沟通技巧、避免倾向性暗示、保证信息完整性等。问卷收回后，由专人负责问卷质量检查与审核，对于逻辑错误、严重残缺的问卷予以剔除；回收问卷后采用双人双录入方式进行数据录入。 （三）统计分析 建立数据库，应用SPSS20.0进行统计分析。描述性统计采用频数、频率或百分比，推断性统计采用χ2检验进行单因素分析，检验水准α为0.05。 二、结果

托老服务协议书

托老服务协议书 为宏扬中华民族尊老敬老的优良传统，为老年朋友的生活创造较为优裕的条件，乐福老年公寓愿意为社会上各种老人偿托老服务。为加强托老管理，更好地保障入托老人的正常生活，切实维护各方的合法权益，依据国家有关法律、法规，本着服务社会、服务老人和自愿入住、互助互利的原则以及当前有关托老的规定，甲乙丙三方经自愿协商，达成如下协议（如乙方属无行为能力对象，由丙方代理）。 一、协议各方 甲方：乐福老年公寓代表人： 乙方：（入住方）姓名： 丙方：入住老人的抚养人(或经济责任人)姓名： 二、甲方同意接收丙方送老人同志入住我敬老院养老，丙方和入住老人必须按本敬老院规定办妥手续。 三、丙方及入住老人简况表 入住老人及丙方均应提交身份证复印件一份给甲方存备。 四、丙方为住敬老院养老老人的经济责任人。 五、丙方应向甲方提供乙方入院前健康状况的依据，如未提供由此产生的后果则由丙方负责。 六、根据乙方的身体状况，自理能力，确定护理级别。 乙方( )为自理老人元／月 乙方( )为半自理老人元／月 乙方( )为半自理老人元／月 七、收到甲方变更护理级别的通知后，一经同意，变更新的协议。丙方应该按变更后的护理级别支付相应的费用。 八、丙方在不违反甲方协议的前提下，并取得了乙方同意，可以为乙方选择及变更新的收养场所，安排乙方的去向，但必须提前十五天通知甲方。 九、丙方应关心乙方，经常来院探望，并及时提供乙方所需日常生活用品，床上用品及换洗衣服。 十、丙方从应交费之日起，拖欠费用超过十五天未交的，甲方有权终止协议。

十一、入住敬老院老人需提供准确可靠病史，入住后如发现因隐瞒病史而耽误治疗，其后果自负。入住敬老院人如有常见病、多发病，须治疗者可在附近就诊，但药费由丙方负担。如需住院治疗，应及时通知丙方，特殊情况，甲方有权紧急处置，但不承担乙方在外治疗期间的医疗费和护工费责任。 十二、甲方按约定向乙方提供相应护理等级服务，但不承担监护人的法定义务。 十三、接受甲方提供的住宿、膳食及所定护理级别相应的服务。 十四、对甲方人员的服务质量和服务态度有权提出批评、建议。 十五、自觉遵守甲方的各项规章制度，与其他老人和睦相处，不擅自外出，确需外出的，须向甲方请假。 十六、应如实反映自己的心理特征，健康状况及思维内容有无障碍等情况，不得隐瞒有关病史情节。 十七、享有协议所约定之权利，须以乙方及丙方共同履行本协议约定义务为必要条件。 十八、入住老人生活需专门照顾的，护理费用面议确定。 十九、老人入住后的第二个月起，丙方应按上述额度在每月1-5日向甲方交纳费用，超过15天不交款者在退住时若不满一个月的按一个月收取费用。（其他入住者按本条执行。） 二十、入住老人有下列情况之一者，甲方有权将其退还丙方，费用由丙方承担。 1、发观有传染病或精神病患者： 2、超过一个月不交纳各项费用者： 3、入住老人违反本敬老院规定经劝阻不改者。 二十一、入住老人应遵守本敬老院有关规定，未经值班人员同意登记在册，不得擅自外出不归，擅自外出的一切后果自负，甲方不承担责任。 二十二、老人因年迈体弱或行动不便而发生跌伤、碰伤或自身行为造成伤害和死亡者；由其自行承担责任，甲方不承担任何责任或连带责任。 二十二、入住老人如遇突发急病、危、重病或猝死，敬老院本着人道主义的精神，在及时通知丙方的同时将拨打120抢救，丙方应接到通知半小时内赶到本敬老院，所发生的医疗费由丙方负责。(甲方垫付的医疗费丙方应在三天内付清)。如遇突发性病症老人死亡或老人自然死亡，甲方不负任何责任，一切后事均应由丙方负责料理并办理终止住宿养老手续。 二十四、甲方贯彻进出自由的原则，中途若入住老人不愿继续在敬老院养老，一经按人申请签字即生效，甲方马上通知丙方，丙方均不得有异议，应在二天内接回，所交费用未注明退住可归还的部分一概不退。离开本敬老院后，若再次申请入住按新申请处理。老人可请假自家，请假时间在10天以上者，可以停伙食，但其他费用照收，请假时间10天以内者，各项费用照收。 二十五、根据国家物价上涨或下跌的幅度，甲方可调整入敬老院老人的收费标准。 二十六、住敬老院老人的贵重物品及钱物由本人自行妥善保管，如发生丢失、被窃，甲方概不负责。 二十七、本协议规定的乙方住养期，自年月日至年月日止。期满后，经甲、乙丙三方同意可续订本协议。未继续签订的，乙、丙方又未提出异议，，乙方还继续在甲方住养的，本协议继续生效。 二十八、本协议未尽事宜，可由三方另行签字补充条款。 二十九、本协议经甲、乙、丙三方签章后方可生效；若老人无行为能力甲、丙签章后生效。 三十、本协议一式三份，甲、乙、丙各方各执一份。具有同等法律效力。 甲方：敬老院代表签字： 电话号码：年月日 乙方： 入住老人签字：身份证号： 地址：年月日 丙方： 入住老人的抚养人(或经济责任人)签字：电话号码：