土木工程专业英语

non-destructive test 非破损检验

non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙

non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱

non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数

normal concrete 普通混凝土

normal section 正截面

notch and tooth joint 齿连接

number of sampling 抽样数量

O

obligue section 斜截面

oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝

one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板”

open web roof truss 空腹屋架，

ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28)

ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29)

orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61)

outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57)

outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57)

over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58)

overlap 焊瘤(62)

overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10)

P

padding plate 垫板(52)

partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61)

partition 非承重墙(7)

penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60)

percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34)

perforated brick 多孔砖(43)

pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42)

pit·凹坑(62)

pith 髓心(?o)

plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24)

plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32)

plane structure 平面结构(11)

plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5)

plank 板材(65)

plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58)

plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56)

plastic hinge·塑性铰(13)

plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数

plate—like space frame 干板型网架(5)

plate—like space truss 平板型网架(5)

plug weld 塞焊缝(60)

plywood 胶合板(65)

plywood structure 胶合板结构(64)

pockmark 麻面(39)

polygonal top-chord roof truss 多边形屋架(4)

post—tensioned prestressed concrete structure 后张法预应力混凝土结构(24)

precast reinforced concrete member 预制混凝土构件(26)

prefabricated concrete structure 装配式混凝土结构(25)

presetting time 初凝时间(38)

prestressed concrete structure 预应力混凝土结构(24)

prestressed steel structure 预应力钢结构(50)

prestressed tendon 预应力筋<29)

pre—tensioned prestressed concrete structure·先张法预应力混凝土结构(24)

primary control 初步控制(22)

production control 生产控制(22)

properties of fresh concrete 可塑混凝土性能(37)

properties of hardened concrete 硬化混凝土性能(38)

property of building structural materials 建筑结构材料性能(17)

purlin“—””—檩条(4)

Q

qlue timber structurer 胶合木结构(㈠)

quality grade of structural timber 木材质量等级(?0)

quality grade of weld 焊缝质量级别(61)

quality inspection of bolted connection 螺栓连接质量检验(63)

quality inspection of masonry 砌体质量检验(4

8)

quality inspection of riveted connection 铆钉连接质量检验(63)

quasi—permanent value of live load on floor or roof，楼面、屋面活荷载准永久值(15)

R

radial check 辐裂(70)

ratio of axial compressive force to axial compressive ultimate capacity of section 轴压比(35) ratio of height to sectional thickness of wall or column 砌体墙柱高、厚比(48)

ratio of reinforcement 配筋率(34)

ratio of shear span to effective depth of section 剪跨比(35)

redistribution of internal force 内力重分布(13)

reducing coefficient of compressive strength in sloping grain for bolted connection 螺栓连接斜纹承压强度降低系数(68)

reducing coefficient of liveload 活荷载折减系数(14)

reducing coefficient of shearing strength for notch and tooth connection 齿连接抗剪强度降低系

regular earthquake—resistant building 规则抗震建筑(9) reinforced concrete deep beam 混凝土深梁(26) reinforced concrete slender beam 混凝土浅梁(26) reinforced concrete structure 钢筋混凝土结构(24) reinforced masonry structure 配筋砌体结构(41) reinforcement ratio 配筋率(34)

reinforcement ratio per unit volume 体积配筋率(35) relaxation of prestressed tendon 预应筋松弛(31) representative value of gravity load 重力荷载代表值(17) resistance to abrasion 耐磨性(38)

resistance to freezing and thawing 抗冻融性(39) resistance to water penetration·抗渗性(38)

reveal of reinforcement 露筋(39)

right—angle filletweld 直角角焊缝(61)

rigid analysis scheme 刚性方案(45)

rigid connection 刚接(21)

rigid transverse wall 刚性横墙(42)

rigid zone 刚域(13)

rigid-elastic analysis scheme 刚弹性方案(45)

rigidity of section 截面刚度(19)

rigidly supported continous girder 刚性支座连续梁(11) ring beam 圈梁(42)

rivet 铆钉(55)

riveted connecction 铆钉连接(60)

riveted steel beam 铆接钢梁(52)

riveted steel girder 铆接钢梁(52)

riveted steel structure 铆接钢结构(50)

rolle rsupport 滚轴支座(51)

rolled steel beam 轧制型钢梁(51)

roof board 屋面板(3)

roof bracing system 屋架支撑系统(4)

roof girder 屋面梁(4)

roof plate 屋面板(3)

roof slab 屋面板(3)

roof system 屋盖(3)

roof truss 屋架(4)

rot 腐朽(71)

round wire 光圆钢丝(29)

S

safety classes of building structures 建筑结构安全等级(9) safetybolt 保险螺栓(69)

sapwood 边材(65)

sawn lumber+A610 方木(65)

sawn timber str

ucture 方木结构(64)

saw-tooth joint failure 齿缝破坏(45)

scarf joint 斜搭接(70)

seamless steel pipe 无缝钢管(54)

seamless steel tube 无缝钢管(54)

second moment of area of tranformed section 换算截面惯性矩(34) second order effect due to displacement 挠曲二阶效应(13) secondary axis 弱轴(56)

secondary beam 次粱(6)

section modulus of transformed section 换算截面模量(34) section steel 型钢(53)

semi-automatic welding 半自动焊接(59)

separated steel column 分离式钢柱(51)

setting time 凝结时间(38)

shake 环裂(70)

shaped steel 型钢(53)

shapefactorofwindload 风荷载体型系数(16)

shear plane 剪面(67)

shearing rigidity of section 截面剪变刚度(19)

shearing stiffness of member 构件抗剪刚度(20)

short stiffener 短加劲肋(53)

short term rigidity of member 构件短期刚度(31)

shrinkage 干缩(71)

shrinkage of concrete 混凝干收缩(30)

silos 贮仓(3)

skylight truss 天窗架(4)

slab 楼板(6)

slab—column structure 板柱结构(2)

slag inclusion 夹渣(61)

sloping grain ‘斜纹(70)

slump 坍落度(37)

snow reference pressure 基本雪压(16)

solid—web steel column 实腹式钢柱(

space structure 空间结构(11)

space suspended cable 悬索(5)

spacing of bars 钢筋间距(33)

spacing of rigid transverse wall 刚性横墙间距(46)

spacing of stirrup legs 箍筋肢距(33)

spacing of stirrups 箍筋间距(33)

specified concrete 特种混凝上(28)

spiral stirrup 螺旋箍筋(36)

spiral weld 螺旋形焊缝(60)

split ringjoint 裂环连接(69)

square pyramid space grids 四角锥体网架(5)

stability calculation 稳定计算(10)

stability reduction coefficient of axially loaded compression 轴心受压构件稳定系数<13) stair 楼梯(8)

static analysis scheme of building 房屋静力汁算方案(45)

static design 房屋静力汁算方案(45)

statically determinate structure 静定结构(11)

statically indeterminate structure 超静定结构(11)

sted 钢材(17)

steel bar 钢筋(28)

steel column component 钢柱分肢(51)

steel columnbase 钢柱脚(51)

steel fiber reinforced concrete structure·钢纤维混凝土结构(26)

steel hanger 吊筋(37)

steel mesh reinforced brick masonry member 方格网配筋砖砌体构件(41)

steel pipe 钢管(54)

steel plate 钢板(53)

steel plateelement 钢板件(52)

steel strip 钢带(53)

steel support 钢支座(51)

steel tie 拉结钢筋(36)

steel tie bar for masonry 砌体拉结钢筋(47)

steel tube 钢管(54)

steel tubular structure 钢管结构(50)

steel wire 钢丝(28)

stepped column 阶形柱(7)

stiffener 加劲肋(52)

stiffness of str

uctural member 构件刚度(19)

stiffness of transverse wall 横墙刚度(45)

stirrup 箍筋(36)

stone 石材(44)

stone masonry 石砌体(44)

stone masonry structure 石砌体结构(41)

storev height 层高(21)

straight—line joint failure 通缝破坏(45)

straightness of structural member 构件乎直度(71)

strand 钢绞线(2，)

strength classes of masonry units 块体强度等级(44)

strength classes of mortar 砂浆强度等级(44) ”

strength classes of structural steel 钢材强度等级(55)

strength classes of structural timber 木材强度等级(66)

strength classes(grades) of concrete 混凝土强度等级(29)

strength classes(grades) of prestressed tendon 预应力筋强度等级(30)

strength classes(grades) of&nb

A

acceptable quality 合格质量

acceptance lot 验收批量

aciera 钢材

admixture 外加剂

against slip coefficient between friction surface of high-strength bolted connection 高强度螺栓摩擦面抗滑移系数

aggregate 骨料

air content 含气量

air-dried timber 气干材

allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of masonry wall or column 砌体墙、柱容许高厚比

allowable slenderness ratio of steel member 钢构件容许长细比

allowable slenderness ratio of timber compression member 受压木构件容许长细比

allowable stress range of fatigue 疲劳容许应力幅

allowable ultimate tensile strain of reinforcement 钢筋拉应变限值

allowable value of crack width 裂缝宽度容许值

allowable value of deflection of structural member 构件挠度容许值

allowable value of deflection of timber bending member 受弯木构件挠度容许值

allowable value of deformation of steel member 钢构件变形容许值

allowable value of deformation of structural member 构件变形容许值

allowable value of drift angle of earthquake resistant structure 抗震结构层间位移角限值amplified coefficient of eccentricity 偏心距增大系数

anchorage 锚具

anchorage length of steel bar 钢筋锚固长度

approval analysis during construction stage 施工阶段验算

arch 拱

arch with tie rod 拉捍拱

arch—shaped roof truss 拱形屋架

area of shear plane 剪面面积

area of transformed section 换算截面面积

aseismic design 建筑抗震设计

assembled monolithic concrete structure 装配整体式混凝土结构

automatic welding 自动焊接

auxiliary steel bar 架立钢筋

B

backfilling plate 垫板

balanced depth of compression zone 界限受压区高度

balanced eccentricity 界限偏心距

bar splice 钢筋接头

bark pocket 夹皮

batten plate 缀板

beam 次梁

bearing plane of notch 齿承压面(67)

bearing plate 支承板(52)

bearing stiffener 支承加劲肋(52)

bent-up steel bar 弯起钢筋(35)

block 砌块(43)

block masonry 砌块砌体(44)

block masonry structure 砌块砌体结构(41)

blow hole 气孔

obligue section 斜截面

oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝

one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab‘‘单向板

open web roof truss 空腹屋架，

ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28)

ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29)

orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61)

outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57)

outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57)

over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62)

overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10)

P

padding plate 垫板(52)

partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61)

partition 非承重墙(7)

penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60)

percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34)

perforated brick 多孔砖(43)

pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42)

pit·凹坑(62)

pith 髓心(?o)

plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24)

plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32)

plane structure 平面结构(11)

plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5)

plank 板材(65)

plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58)

plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56)

plastic hinge·塑性铰(13)

plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数(34)

plate—like space frame 干板型网架(5)

plate—like space truss 平板型网架(5)

plug weld 塞焊缝(60)

plywood 胶合板(65)

plywood structure 胶合板结构(64)

pockmark 麻面(39)

polygonal top-chord roof truss 多边形屋架(4)

post—tensioned prestressed concrete structure 后张法预应力混凝土结构(24)

precast reinforced concrete member 预制混凝土构件(26)

prefabricated concrete structure 装配式混凝土结构(25)

presetting time 初凝时间(38)

prestressed concrete structure 预应力混凝土结构(24)

prestressed steel structure 预应力钢结构(50)

prestressed tendon 预应力筋<29)

pre—tensioned prestressed concrete structure·先张法预应力混凝土结构(24)

primary control 初步控制(22)

production control 生产控制(22)

properties of fresh concrete 可塑混凝土性能(37)

properties of hardened concrete 硬化混凝土性能(38)

property of building structural materials 建筑结构材料性能(17)

purlin“—””—檩条(4)

Q

qlue timber structurer 胶合木结构(㈠)

quality grade of structural timber 木材质量等级(?0)

quality grade of weld 焊缝质量级别(61)

quality inspection of bolted connection 螺栓连接质量检验(63)

quality inspection of masonry 砌体质量检验(4

8)

quality inspection of riveted connection 铆钉连接质量检验(63)

quasi—permanent value of live load on floor or roof，楼面、屋面活荷载准永久值(15)

R

radial check 辐裂(70)

ratio of axial compressive force to axial compressive ultimate capacity of section 轴压比(35) ratio of height to sectional thickness of wall or column 砌体墙柱高、厚比(48)

ratio of reinforcement 配筋率(34)

ratio of shear span to effective depth of section 剪跨比(35)

redistribution of internal force 内力重分布(13)

reducing coefficient of compressive strength in sloping grain for bolted connection 螺栓连接斜纹承压强度降低系数(68)

reducing coefficient of liveload 活荷载折减系数(14)

reducing coefficient of shearing strength for notch and tooth connection 齿连接抗剪强度降低系数(68)

regular earthquake—resistant building 规则抗震建筑(9)

reinforced concrete deep beam 混凝土深梁(26)

reinforced concrete slender beam 混凝土浅梁(26)

reinforced concrete structure 钢筋混凝土结构(24)

reinforced masonry structure 配筋砌体结构(41)

reinforcement ratio 配筋率(34)

reinforcement ratio per unit volume 体积配筋率(35)

relaxation of prestressed tendon 预应筋松弛(31)

representative value of gravity load 重力荷载代表值(17)

resistance to abrasion 耐磨性(38)

resistance to freezing and thawing 抗冻融性(39)

resistance to water penetration·抗渗性(38)

reveal of reinforcement 露筋(39)

right—angle filletweld 直角角焊缝(61)

rigid analysis scheme 刚性方案(45)

rigid connection 刚接(21)

rigid transverse wall 刚性横墙(42)

rigid zone 刚域(13)

rigid-elastic analysis scheme 刚弹性方案(45)

rigidity of section 截面刚度(19)

rigidly supported continous girder 刚性支座连续梁(11)

ring beam 圈梁(42)

rivet 铆钉(55)

riveted connecction 铆钉连接(60)

riveted steel beam 铆接钢梁(52)

riveted steel girder 铆接钢梁(52)

riveted steel structure 铆接钢结构(50)

rolle rsupport 滚轴支座(51)

rolled steel beam 轧制型钢梁(51)

roof board 屋面板(3)

roof bracing system 屋架支撑系统(4)

roof girder 屋面梁(4)

roof plate 屋面板(3)

roof slab 屋面板(3)

roof system 屋盖(3)

roof truss 屋架(4)

rot 腐朽(71)

round wire 光圆钢丝(29)

S

safety classes of building structures 建筑结构安全等级(9) safetybolt 保险螺栓(69)

sapwood 边材(65)

sawn lumber+A610 方木(65)

sawn timber str

ucture 方木结构(64)

saw-tooth joint failure 齿缝破坏(45)

scarf joint 斜搭接(70)

seamless steel pipe 无缝钢管(54)

seamless steel tube 无缝钢管(54)

second moment of area of tranformed section 换算截面惯性矩(34) second order effect due to displacement 挠曲二阶效应(13) secondary axis 弱轴(56)

secondary beam 次粱(6)

section modulus of transformed section 换算截面模量(34) section steel 型钢(53)

semi-automatic welding 半自动焊接(59)

separated steel column 分离式钢柱(51)

setting time 凝结时间(38)

shake 环裂(70)

shaped steel 型钢(53)

shapefactorofwindload 风荷载体型系数(16)

shear plane 剪面(67)

shearing rigidity of section 截面剪变刚度(19)

shearing stiffness of member 构件抗剪刚度(20)

short stiffener 短加劲肋(53)

short term rigidity of member 构件短期刚度(31)

shrinkage 干缩(71)

shrinkage of concrete 混凝干收缩(30)

silos 贮仓(3)

skylight truss 天窗架(4)

slab 楼板(6)

slab—column structure 板柱结构(2)

slag inclusion 夹渣(61)

sloping grain ‘斜纹(70)

slump 坍落度(37)

snow reference pressure 基本雪压(16)

solid—web steel column 实腹式钢柱(

space structure 空间结构(11)

space suspended cable 悬索(5)

spacing of bars 钢筋间距(33)

spacing of rigid transverse wall 刚性横墙间距(46)

spacing of stirrup legs 箍筋肢距(33)

spacing of stirrups 箍筋间距(33)

specified concrete 特种混凝上(28)

spiral stirrup 螺旋箍筋(36)

spiral weld 螺旋形焊缝(60)

split ringjoint 裂环连接(69)

square pyramid space grids 四角锥体网架(5)

stability calculation 稳定计算(10)

stability reduction coefficient of axially loaded compression 轴心受压构件稳定系数<13) stair 楼梯(8)

static analysis scheme of building 房屋静力汁算方案(45)

static design 房屋静力汁算方案(45)

statically determinate structure 静定结构(11)

statically indeterminate structure 超静定结构(11)

sted 钢材(17)

steel bar 钢筋(28)

steel column component 钢柱分肢(51)

steel columnbase 钢柱脚(51)

steel fiber reinforced concrete structure·钢纤维混凝土结构(26)

steel hanger 吊筋(37)

steel mesh reinforced brick masonry member 方格网配筋砖砌体构件(41)

steel pipe 钢管(54)

steel plate 钢板(53)

steel plateelement 钢板件(52)

steel strip 钢带(53)

steel support 钢支座(51)

steel tie 拉结钢筋(36)

steel tie bar for masonry 砌体拉结钢筋(47)

steel tube 钢管(54)

steel tubular structure 钢管结构(50)

steel wire 钢丝(28)

stepped column 阶形柱(7)

stiffener 加劲肋(52)

stiffness of str

uctural member 构件刚度(19)

stiffness of transverse wall 横墙刚度(45)

stirrup 箍筋(36)

stone 石材(44)

stone masonry 石砌体(44)

stone masonry structure 石砌体结构(41)

storev height 层高(21)

straight—line joint failure 通缝破坏(45)

straightness of structural member 构件乎直度(71)

strand 钢绞线(2，)

strength classes of masonry units 块体强度等级(44)

strength classes of mortar 砂浆强度等级(44) ”

strength classes of structural steel 钢材强度等级(55)

strength classes of structural timber 木材强度等级(66)

strength classes(grades) of concrete 混凝土强度等级(29)

strength classes(grades) of prestressed tendon 预应力筋强度等级(30)

最新土木工程专业英语期末复习题

《专业英语》复习题 一、选择题 1.civil engineering dealt with permanent structures for (civilian) use, whereas military engineering dealt with temporary structures for military use 2.attention must (be paid to) the working temperature of the machine. 3.diplomatic relations (have been established) between china and the united states of America 4.a direct current is a current (flowing) always in the same direction. 5.it’s our duty to (comply with) the specification. 6.dose your shop (supply) rebar ? 7.neither I nor he (is) fond of music. 8.the (above-mentioned)cements(水泥) are widely used on the construction site. 9.the production of steel has been increased (by) 70%. 10.i f the garden is big, some floodlights can be (installed). 11.(wherever) you go, you can see many buildings. 12.d ams, (bridge), water supply systems, and other large projects ordinarily employ several engineers to work together. 13.the bigger quantity you order,(the lower until cost you will be offered). 14.i n modern road constructions, powerful modern machines are

《土木工程专业英语》段兵延第二版全书文章翻译精编版

第一课 土木工程学土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 领域。因为包含范围太广，土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。一个项目开始的时候，土木工程师要对场地进行测绘，定位有用的布置，如地下水水位，下水道，和电力线。岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响，包括对空气和地下水的可能污染，对当地动植物生活的影响，以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。同时，结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划，设计和说明。从项目开始到结束，对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。根据其他专家所提供的信息，施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费，所有工作的进度表，订购工作所需要的材料和设备，雇佣承包商和分包商，还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。 贯穿任何给定项目，土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件（即计算机辅助设计，或者CAD）并对其进行管理。计算机成为了现代土木工程师的必备品，因为它使得工程师能有效地掌控所需的大量数据从而确定建造一项工程的最佳方法。 结构工程学。在这一专业领域，土木工程师规划设计各种类型的结构，包括桥梁，大坝，发电厂，设备支撑，海面上的特殊结构，美国太空计划，发射塔，庞大的天文和无线电望远镜，以及许多其他种类的项目。结构工程师应用计算机确定一个结构必须承受的力：自重，风荷载和飓风荷载，建筑材料温度变化引起的胀缩，以及地震荷载。他们也需确定不同种材料如钢筋，混凝土，塑料，石头，沥青，砖，铝或其他建筑材料等的复合作用。 水利工程学。土木工程师在这一领域主要处理水的物理控制方面的种种问题。他们的项目用于帮助预防洪水灾害，提供城市用水和灌溉用水，管理控制河流和水流物，维护河滩及其他滨水设施。此外，他们设计和维护海港，运河与水闸，建造大型水利大坝与小型坝，以及各种类型的围堰，帮助设计海上结构并且确定结构的位置对航行影响。 岩土工程学。专业于这个领域的土木工程师对支撑结构并影响结构行为的土壤和岩石的特性进行分析。他们计算建筑和其他结构由于自重压力可能引起的沉降，并采取措施使之减少到最小。他们也需计算并确定如何加强斜坡和填充物的稳定性以及如何保护结构免受地震和地下水的影响。 环境工程学。在这一工程学分支中，土木工程师设计，建造并监视系统以提供安全的饮用水，同时预防和控制地表和地下水资源供给的污染。他们也设计，建造并监视工程以控制甚至消除对土地和空气的污染。他们建造供水和废水处理厂，设计空气净化器和其他设备以最小化甚至消除由工业加工、焚化及其他产烟生产活动引起的空气污染。他们也采用建造特殊倾倒地点或使用有毒有害物中和剂的措施来控制有毒有害废弃物。此外，工程师还对垃圾掩埋进行设计和管理以预防其对周围环境造成污染。

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署

土木工程专业英语正文课文翻译

第一课土木工程学 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 领域。因为包含范围太广，土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。一个项目开始的时候，土木工程师要对场地进行测绘，定位有用的布置，如地下水水位，下水道，和电力线。岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响，包括对空气和地下水的可能污染，对当地动植物生活的影响，以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。同时，结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划，设计和说明。从项目开始到结束，对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。根据其他专家所提供的信息，施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费，所有工作的进度表，订购工作所需要的材料和设备，雇佣承包商和分包商，还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。 贯穿任何给定项目，土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件（即计算机辅助设计，或者CAD）并对其进行管理。计算机成为了现代土木工程师的必备品，因为它使得工程师能有效地掌控所需的大量数据从而确定建造一项工程的最佳方法。 结构工程学。在这一专业领域，土木工程师规划设计各种类型的结构，包括桥梁，大坝，发电厂，设备支撑，海面上的特殊结构，美国太空计划，发射塔，庞大的天文和无线电望远镜，以及许多其他种类的项目。结构工程师应用计算机确定一个结构必须承受的力：自重，风荷载和飓风荷载，建筑材料温度变化引起的胀缩，以及地震荷载。他们也需确定不同种材料如钢筋，混凝土，塑料，石头，沥青，砖，铝或其他建筑材料等的复合作用。 水利工程学。土木工程师在这一领域主要处理水的物理控制方面的种种问题。他们的项目用于帮助预防洪水灾害，提供城市用水和灌溉用水，管理控制河流和水流物，维护河滩及其他滨水设施。此外，他们设计和维护海港，运河与水闸，建造大型水利大坝与小型坝，以及各种类型的围堰，帮助设计海上结构并且确定结构的位置对航行影响。 岩土工程学。专业于这个领域的土木工程师对支撑结构并影响结构行为的土壤和岩石的特性进行分析。他们计算建筑和其他结构由于自重压力可能引起的沉降，并采取措施使之减少到最小。他们也需计算并确定如何加强斜坡和填充物的稳定性以及如何保护结构免受地震和地下水的影响。 环境工程学。在这一工程学分支中，土木工程师设计，建造并监视系统以提供安全的饮用水，同时预防和控制地表和地下水资源供给的污染。他们也设计，建造并监视工程以控制甚至消除对土地和空气的污染。

(完整版)土木工程专业英语常用词汇

Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration（土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 a l mery壁厨，贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀，麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板（工程） shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖

土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译

土木工程专业英语课文原 文及对照翻译 Newly compiled on November 23, 2020

Civil Engineering Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities. 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities. 土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen. In 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time. Since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 Scope. Because it is so broad, civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties. Depending on the type of project, the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed. When a project begins, the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement—water, sewer, and power lines. Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project. Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area: the potential for air and

土木工程专业英语

non-destructive test 非破损检验 non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙 non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱 non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数 normal concrete 普通混凝土 normal section 正截面 notch and tooth joint 齿连接 number of sampling 抽样数量 O obligue section 斜截面 oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝 one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板” open web roof truss 空腹屋架， ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(62) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) plank 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数

土木工程专业英语词汇汇总

A Type Wooden Ladder A字木梯 A-frame A型骨架 A-truss A型构架 Abandon 废弃 Abandoned well 废井 Aberration of needle 磁针偏差Abnormal pressure 异常压力abnormally high pressure 异常高压Abort 中止 abrasion 磨损 Abrasion surface 浪蚀面 abrasive cut-off machine 磨切机Abrasive Cutting Wheel 拮碟abrasive grinding machine 研磨机Abrasive Grinding Wheel 磨碟abrasive particle 磨料颗粒 Absolute address 绝对地址Absolute altitude 绝对高度Absolute damping 绝对阻尼Absolute deviation 绝对偏差Absolute flying height 绝对航高Absolute gravity 绝对重力 absolute permeability 绝对渗透率absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率absolute temperature 绝对温度absorbability 吸收性；吸附性absorption 吸收 abutment 桥墩 abutting end 邻接端 acceleration 加速 acceleration lane 加速车道Acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration pedal 加速器踏板accelerator 催凝剂；加速器；催化剂acceptance criteria 接受准则 access 通路；通道 access door 检修门；通道门access lane 进出路径 access panel 检修门 access point 入口处；出入通道处access ramp 入口坡道；斜通道access road 通路；通道 access shaft 竖井通道 access spiral loop 螺旋式回旋通道access staircase 通道楼梯 access step 出入口踏步 access tunnel 隧道通道 accessible roof 可到达的屋顶accessory 附件；配件accident 事故；意外 accidental collapse 意外坍塌 accommodate 装设；容纳 accredited private laboratory 认可的私 人实验室 accumulator 储压器；蓄电池 accuracy limit 精度限制 acetylene cylinder 乙炔圆筒 Acetylene Hose 煤喉 Acetylene Regulator 煤表 acid plant 酸洗设备；酸洗机 acid pump 酸液泵 acid tank 酸液缸 acidic rock 酸性岩 acoustic couplant 声耦合剂 acoustic coupler 声音藕合器；音效藕 合器 acoustic lining 隔音板 acoustic screen 隔声屏 Acoustic wave 声波 acrylic paint 丙烯漆料(压克力的油漆) acrylic sheet 丙烯胶片(压克力的胶片) active corrosion 活性腐蚀 active earth pressure 主动土压力 active fault 活断层 active oxidation 活性氧化 actual plot ratio 实际地积比率 actuator 促动器；唧筒；激发器 adapt 改装 adaptor 适配器；承接器；转接器； addition 增设；加建 additional building works 增补建筑工 程 additional horizontal force 额外横向力 additional plan 增补图则(附加的平面 图) additional vent 加设通风口 additive 添加剂 Address 地址 adhesive 黏结剂；胶黏剂 adhesive force 附着力 Adhesive Glue 万能胶 Adhesive Reflective Warning Tape 反 光警告贴纸 adit 入口；通路；坑道口 adjacent construction 相邻建造物 adjacent level 相邻水平 adjacent site 相邻基地 adjacent street 相邻街道 adjoining area 毗邻地区 adjoining building 毗邻建筑物 adjoining land 毗邻土地 adjoining structure 毗邻构筑物 adjustable 可调校 Adjustable Wrench Spanner 昔士 adjuster 调节器 adjustment 调校；调整 Administrative Lawsuit 行政诉讼 Administrative Remedy 行政救济 admixture 掺合剂；外加剂 advance directional sign 前置指路标 志；方向预告标志 advance earthworks 前期土方工程 advance warning sign 前置警告标志 advance works 前期工程 aeration 曝气 aeration tank 曝气池 aerial 天线 Aerial mapping 航空测图 aerial photograph 航测照片 Aerial photography 航照定位 aerial rapid transit system 高架快速运 输系统 aerial ropeway 高架缆车系统 aerial view 鸟瞰图 aerofoil 翼型 aerosol 悬浮微粒；喷雾 aerosphere 大气圈 affix 贴附 aftercooler 后冷却器 afterfilter 后过滤器 aftershock 余震 agent 作用剂；代理人 aggradation 堆积 aggregate 骨材；集料；碎石 aggregate area 总面积 aggregate grading 骨材级配 aggregate superficial area 表面总面积 aggregate usable floor space 总楼地板 空间 agitator 搅拌器；搅动机 air bleeding 放气(空气渗出) air blower 鼓风机 air brake 气压制动器 Air chambor 气室 air circuit 空气回路 air circuit breaker 空气断路器 air cleaner 空气滤清器

土木工程专业英语修正版

Take the road of sustainable development civil engineering Abstract: Civil Engineering is the oldest in human history "technical science" as a system of industrial activity, the essence of civil engineering production process, is a technical process Civil engineering is the construction of various facilities in science and technology, collectively, both refer to the construction of the object, that is built on the ground, underground, water facilities, a variety of projects, but also refers to the application of materials, equipment and carried out survey and design , construction, maintenance, repair and other technology. As an important basis for discipline, civil engineering has its important attributes: a comprehensive, social, practical, technical and economic and artistic unity. With the progress of human society and development, civil engineering has already evolved into large-scale comprehensive subject, and has many branches, such as: construction, railroad engineering, road engineering, bridge engineering, specialty engineering structures, water supply and drainage projects, port engineering, hydraulic engineering, environmental engineering and other disciplines. There are six professional civil engineering: architecture, urban planning, civil engineering, built environment and equipment engineering, water supply and drainage works and road and bridge projects. Civil engineering is a form of human activity. Human beings pursued it to change the natural environment for their own benefit. Buildings, transportations, facilities, infrastructures are all included in civil engineering. The development of civil engineering has a long history. Our seniors had left a lot of great constructions to us. For example, Zhao Zhou Bridge is the representative of our Chinese civil engineering masterpieces. It has a history of more than 1300 years and is still service at present. Civil engineering has been so rapid development of the period. A lot of new bridges have been constructed, and many greater plans are under discussion. China is a large county. And she is still well developing. However, civil engineers will be facing more complex problems. We should pay attention to the growing population and a lot of deteriorating infrastructures. We should prepare for the possibility of natural disasters. To meet grow needs in the

土木工程专业英语原文及翻译

土木工程专业英语原文 及翻译 文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

08 级土木(1) 班课程考试试卷 考试科目专业英语 考试时间 学生姓名 所在院系土木学院 任课教师 徐州工程学院印制 Stability of Slopes Introduction Translational slips tend to occur where the adjacent stratum is at a relatively shallow depth below the surface of the slope:the failure surface tends to be plane and roughly parallel to the slips usually occur where the adjacent stratum is at greater depth，the failure surface consisting of curved and plane sections． In practice, limiting equilibrium methods are used in the analysis of slope stability. It is considered that failure is on the point of occurring along an assumed or a known failure surface．The shear strength required to maintain a condition of limiting equilibrium is compared with the available shear strength of the soil，giving the average factor of safety along the failure surface．The problem is considered in two dimensions，conditions of plane strain being assumed．It has been shown that a two-dimensional analysis gives a conservative result for a failure on a three-dimensional(dish-shaped) surface． Analysis for the Case of φu =0 This analysis, in terms of total stress，covers the case of a fully saturated clay under undrained conditions, . For the condition immediately after construction．Only moment equilibrium is considered in the analysis．In section, the potential failure surface is assumed to be a circular arc. A trial failure surface(centre O，radius r and length L a where F is the factor of safety with respect to shear strength．Equating moments about O：