高考英语总复习一轮复习讲义-(6)

课时作业(一) 必修①Unit 1 Friendship

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

[2019·昆明调研] Nine months ago, I was packing my daughter's backpack with new school supplies, wondering how I was going to send her off to kindergarten. I stood on the playground, tears pouring down my face because I wasn't ready for this first day of kindergarten — but she was ready. Today I will be standing on the playground, once again with tears, because this precious time went by too quickly. This week I realized that I never told you “thank you”. I don't know how to express a mother's thanks in the way a teacher deserves.

We first met you at the open house the week before school started and I immediately knew you would be the type of teacher we would appreciate forever. While the students lined up for the day, you touched each one on the shoulder as you greeted them. If a student was having a tough morning, you quietly held his hand and walked him into the school.

I got to know you as I volunteered in the lunch room. You made sure your students were all ready for lunch before you went on your own lunch break. You kept track of their big things and small things, because as a veteran kindergarten teacher, you know that the small things are the big things. I loved the way you made each student feel special. You helped them fall in love with school, which is so important at the start.

To all of the teachers in the world who are like you, I wish you knew how grateful parents are for you. We adore you, respect you, and appreciate you. We don't tell you enough — we probably don't tell you ever. I wish we could take you with us to the next 12 grades.

体裁：记叙文题材：家校关系主题：感激师恩

【语篇解读】本文主要描述了一位幼儿妈妈表达对幼儿园老师的感激。

1.Why did the author's tears come down on her daughter's first day of kindergarten?

A.She hadn't made full preparations for her daughter.

B.Her daughter wasn't willing to go to kindergarten.

C.She felt worried about her daughter's being away.

D.Her daughter wasn't familiar with the teachers.

答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I stood on the playground, tears pouring down my face because I wasn't ready for this first day of kindergarten — but she was ready”可知，作者落泪的原因是自己心里未做好面对孩子离开自己去上幼儿园的事实的准备。故C

项为正确答案。根据第一段首句中的“Nine months ago, I was packing my daughter's backpack with new school supplies”可知，作者对孩子入园前的各项物品的准备是充分的，故A 项错误；B、D 两项均为无中生有。

2.The author noticed the teacher's characteristics when .

A．she stood on the playground

B.she was at the open house

C.she said goodbye to the teacher

D.she worked as a teacher at lunch time

答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段首句“We first met you at the open house the week before school started and I immediately knew you would be the type of teacher we would appreciate forever”可知，在开学前一周的校园开放参观日当天，作者就看出了孩子的老师将会是自己永远感激的人。

3 ．What does the underlined word “veteran”in Paragraph 3 mean?

A.Beautiful. B．Generous.

C．Skillful. D．Humorous.

答案与解析：C 考查词义猜测。根据第三段的内容可知，老师关注孩子们的大小事，并且深知幼儿园无小事。由此可推知，这是一位经验丰富的幼儿教师，故画线词与C 项“熟练的”词义相近。A 项意为“美丽的”，B 项意为“慷慨的”，D 项意为“幽默的”，均与语境不符。

4.What is this text mainly about?

A．Good wishes to a kindergarten teacher.

B．Sincere thanks to a kindergarten teacher.

C．A sweet memory of kindergarten life.

D．A kid's daily behavior in the kindergarten.

答案与解析：B 考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文是一位幼儿妈妈表达对老师的感激，故选 B 项。A 项“对幼儿园老师的美好祝愿”，C 项“幼儿园生活的美好回忆”，D 项“一个孩子在幼儿园的日常行为”，均与文意不符。

B

[2019·洛阳统考]It is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon Rain Forest. Without it we would not have grown into primates (灵长目动物). Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat. Without competition, Columbus wouldn't have discovered America and Edison

would never have invented the light bulb.

The friendship, like all relationships between two people, involves competition. It isn't competition in a traditional sense because there are no goals to be scored and no prizes. Perhaps the ecological definition —the simultaneous (同时的) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light — better explains it.

As in nature, high school life is governed by a set of laws, similar to a shortened version of Darwin's theory of evolution, overpopulation, and competition. There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking and categorizing ( 分类) take place. In high school, friendship coexists with competition even though at times the relationship is rough. In fact, in some circumstances, competition is too much of a burden for friendship to bear, causing it to fall apart. College admission is the final high school objective. Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades, and a student's fate is determined not only by these achievements, but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to achieve similar recognition.

Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life. It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to schoolwork. Healthy, friendly competition can have only benefits, but when it becomes too fierce, jealousy ( 妒忌) can tear friendship apart. Yet, despite all this, without competition, we would be lost.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了友谊和竞争之间的关系，健康的竞争促进友谊，而恶性的竞争则破坏友谊。

【难句分析】It is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon Rain Forest.

分析：that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon Rain Forest 是真正的主语，而It 作形式主语；whether... or...意为“不管是……还是……”。

译文：很显然，无论是在美利坚合众国还是在亚马孙热带雨林，竞争围绕着人类生活的各个方面。

5.What does the ecological definition mainly explain?

A．How friends compete with each other.

B.How to win the competition.

C.What the result of competition is.

D.What competition exactly is.

答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。分析第二段最后—句“Perhaps the ecological definition — the simultaneous (同时的) demand by two or

more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light — better explains it”可知，该句的主干是Perhaps the ecological definition better explains it，其中“it”指代的是前一句中的“competition”。两个破折号之间的内容解释“the ecological definition”。句意：两个或者更多的生物体同时对有限的生态环境资源有需求，如营养物质、生存空间、光——这一生态学定义更好地解释了竞争(的含义)。故选D 项。

6.According to the author, what causes the high school students to compete?

A．The number of them is too large.

B．Friendship is a burden for them.

C．They know the laws of nature well.

D．They are divided into different groups.

答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第三段内容可知，高中生

活与自然界一样有一系列的规则，这与达尔文关于进化、人口过多和

竞争的理论相似。也正是因为学生人数众多，为了区分，所以对学生

进行了排名、分类。再加上考大学这一高中生活的最终目标的压力，高中生之间的竞争就不可避免地产生了。故选A 项。

7 ．Which best describes the relationship of friendship and competition?

A．Friendship is always based on competition.

B．The degree of competition is vital to friendship.

C．Competition is terribly harmful to friendship.

D．Competition is a result of lost friendship.

答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Healthy, friendly competition can have only benefits, but when it becomes too fierce, jealousy (妒忌) can tear friendship apart”可知，健康的、友好的竞争对友谊有好处，而过于激烈的、存在妒忌的竞争会使友谊破裂。因此竞争的度对友谊是至关重要的。故选B 项。

Ⅱ.完形填空

[2019·合肥调研] Until a few years ago, I had what most people would call a good life. I had a 1 job that paid the bills; I had a good family that I was close to, and I had a place to live and money in the bank for trips and 2 ，and there was nothing much wrong in my life.

3 ，I was bored.

I wanted more. I wanted to live 4 and loudly and make sharp memories instead of the 5 ones of everyday life. But I was 6 . I had never had any 7 in myself. As a child, even buying something in a shop caused me a great deal of 8 ，and even though I did get better

as I got older, I never quite 9 that childhood shyness.

And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence. I also took tiny steps leading to my goals. But none of them really 10 .

So I 11 that the small steps weren't enough. I signed up for an internship ( 实习期的工作) of teaching English in Vietnam, an 12 huge step, one that 13 me as much as it excited me. And then the day came and I left my home and my loved ones. I was alone in a country where the food was 14 and the streets were unfamiliar. I had no idea whether I would be able to 15 everything that this very strange environment would 16 at me.

I spent five months in Vietnam, teaching, exploring and laughing. I'd learned to 17 myself, my skills, my abilities and my decisions. I returned home 18 ，even to myself, let alone to others. The 19 that had controlled my life and the self-doubt were 20 .

That one big chance changed everything for me, and in me.

体裁：记叙文题材：社会生活主题：支教经历改变人生

【语篇解读】该文主要讲述了作者通过去异国他乡支教从而改变人生的励志故事。

【高频词回顾】sharp adj.急剧的；锋利的；强烈的；清晰的；鲜明的handle v．处理，应付wear off 逐渐减弱；逐渐消失1．A.stable B．temporary

C．difficult D．demanding

答案与解析：A 根据上文中的“Until a few years ago, I had what most people would call a good life”可推知，之前作者的生活过得不错，有收入稳定的工作，故选A。stable“稳定的”；temporary“暂时的”；demanding“要求高的”。

2．A.tips B．rewards

C．treats D．fines

答案与解析：C 根据空前的“money in the bank for trips”可推知，作者生活舒适，有出去旅游和款待他人的资金。treat 在此作名词，意为“款待”。tip“小费，窍门”；reward“奖赏，回报”；fine“罚款”。

3．A.Thus B．Instead

C．Otherwise D．However

答案与解析：D 根据语境可知，空处的前后内容存在逻辑上的转折关系，故选D。Thus“因此”；Instead“相反”；Otherwise“否则”；However“然而”。

4．A.easily B．brightly

C．peacefully D．modestly

答案与解析：B 根据空后的“loudly”可推知，作者对之前的美好生活并不满足，想生活得更加充满生气(brightly)。

5．A.bitter B．clear

C．grey D．sweet

答案与解析：C 根据上文中的“I was bored”可推知，作者厌倦了之前单调乏味的(grey)生活，希望生活更加丰富多彩一些，与上文中的“make sharp memories”相呼应。

6．A.proud B．innocent

C．outgoing D．afraid

答案与解析：D 根据空前的“But”以及下文中的“childhood shyness”可推知，作者内心充满了恐惧。

7．A.pride B．confidence

C．interest D．shame

答案与解析：B 根据下文中的“even buying something in a shop caused me a great deal of 8 ”和“childhood shyness”可推知，作者一直以来对自己都缺乏信心(confidence)，与下文中的“And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence”相呼应。

8．A.stress B．excitement

C．confusion D．surprise

答案与解析：A根据空后的“even though I did get better as I got older”可推知，在孩童时期，去商店买东西都会给作者带来很多心理负担(stress)。

9．A.added to B．talked about

C．got over D．suffered from

答案与解析：C 根据空前的“never”可推知，作者一直都没有克服(got over)自己孩童时期的害羞。

10．A.continued B．survived

C．failed D．helped

答案与解析：D 根据句中的“But”可推知，作者尽管尝试了很多方法，例如阅读有关(提升)自信的书籍，并采取了一些小的措施，但是都无济于事(helped)。

11．A.figured B．promised

C．predicted D．disagreed

答案与解析：A 根据空前的“So”可推知，作者认为(figured) 小的措施是不够的。

12．A.equally B．impossibly

C．unnecessarily D．occasionally

答案与解析：B 去越南支教对于一向缺乏自信的作者来讲的确

是跨出了不可思议的一大步，故选B。

13．A.ignored B．impressed

C．annoyed D．terrified

答案与解析：D 此处与上文作者孩童时期的害羞以及尝试多种方法增强自信相呼应，故这样的决定让作者害怕(terrified)，同时又使作者激动万分。

14．A.nice B．colorful

C．strange D．inadequate

答案与解析：C 由下文中的“the streets were unfamiliar”和“this very strange environment”可推知，作者身处异国他乡，对那里的食物感到陌生(strange)。

15．A.doubt B．handle

C．quit D．obtain

答案与解析：B 根据语境可知，作者不知道自己是否能够应付(handle)这个完全陌生的环境抛(throw)给自己的一切。

16．A.point B．throw

C．shout D．aim

答案与解析：B 参见上题解析。throw at“朝……扔”。

17．A.trust B．enjoy

C．excuse D．forgive

答案与解析：A 与上文中的“And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence”形成对比可推知，作者在越南支教期间学会了自信。

18． A.unconcerned B．unsatisfied

C．unchangeable D．unrecognizable

答案与解析：D 根据语境可推知，作者从越南回来之后，发生了巨大的变化，几乎让人认不出了。unconcerned“不关心的”；unsatisfied“不满意的”；unchangeable“不可改变的”；unrecognizable“认不出来的”。

19．A.fear B．respect

C．courage D．anger

答案与解析： A 由空后的“controlled my life”和“the self-doubt”可推知，作者之前的生活被害怕(fear)控制，与上文中的“that childhood shyness”呼应。

20．A.picked up B．forgotten about

C．worn off D．put off

答案与解析：C 作者从越南回来之后，发生了巨大的变化，自信满满，自我怀疑逐渐消失(worn off)。

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label labelled unlabelled labelling labels labeled labeling unlabeled labour labor laboured labouring labours labored laboring labors labourer labourers laborer laborers lack lacked lacking lacks ladder ladders lag lagging lagged lags land landed landing landings lands landless large largely larger largest last lasted lasting

lastly late lately lateness later latest latter latterly laugh laughs laughing laughed laughable launch launched launching launches launcher launchers law laws lawyer lawyers lawful lawfully unlawful lawless lawlessness unlawfully lawmaker lawmakers lay laid laying lays lain lazy lazier laziest laziness lazily lead leader

leadership leading leads mislead misleading misleadingly misled led lean leans leaning leanings leaned leant learn learned learner learners learning learns learnt leave leaves leaving leaver leavers lecture lectured lecturer lecturers lectures lecturing left lefts leftist leftists lefthand lefthanded lefthander lefthanders legal illegal illegality

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sacrifice sacrificing sacrifices sacrificed sacrificial sad sadness sadly saddest sadder sadden saddened saddening saddens safe safely safeness safer safest safety unsafe safeguard safeguards safeguarded safeguarding sail sailed sailing sailings sails sailor sailors sake sakes sale sales saleable unsaleable same sameness sample sampling samples sampled satisfy satisfying satisfies satisfied satisfactory satisfaction satisfactorily unsatisfied unsatisfying unsatisfactory unsatisfactorily save saved unsaved saves saving savings saver savers say said unsaid saying sayings says scale scaled scales scaling scalings scalable scarce scarceness scarcely scarcity scarcities scarcer scarcest scatter scatters scattering scattered scene scenery

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