产品形状和形式的工业设计外文翻译

Produｃt shａpe and forｍof iｎｄuｓtriａｌｄesigｎ

Foreworｄ

Prodｕcts as a forｍｏf tranｓmisｓion of thｅｆiｒs ｔelｅmentｓｏｆprｏdｕct inforｍaｔiｏn,ｉｔenables tｈe intｅrnalｐrodｕｃt quaｌity，oｒgaｎiｚatiｏｎ，structure，contents and otｈeｒessentiａl factorｓfoｒｔhe ｉncreａsｅｉn externaｌapｐearance，and through visuaｌaｎd tｏｃreａt ｅaｐhysicaｌanｄpsycｈｏlogiｃal pｒocess. Ａnd fｅel, cｏmposｉｔｉon，stｒuctｕｒｅ, texｔurｅ, ｃolor, space, ｆunctｉon, anｄｓo ｃｌosely linked to ＂sｈape" is the produｃt of physical material, producｔmｏｄeling reｆerｓtｏｔｈe apｐear ａnce produｃts, ＂stａｔe＂meａnｓpｒｏducts ｃan be ｆelt wi ｔh ｔhe appearaｎce oｆiｎtｅlligence ａnｄexpression，Products also be iｎterpreteｄas thｅappearance ｏf exprｅssion fａｃtors．

Fｏｒdeｓignｅrs, thｅｆiｎalｄesｉｇn ｏf ｉts eｎtｉｔies wiｌl be presenｔform, that is, ｔhrough cｒeaｔｉve vｉｓｕａlization，ｗiｔｈsketches, ｍaｐs aｎd prodｕｃt stｒｕctu ｒe modeｌfoｒm oｆphysical ｐeｒfｏrｍａnce,acｈiｅｖｅｔｈeirｄesigｎintent of thｅｐurpｏｓｅof reprodｕction．Th

ｅrefoｒｅ, a certain sense, ｉｎduｓtｒiａl dｅｓign aｓart aｎd dｅsｉｇｎａｎｄｂｅａware of ｔｈe eｘistenｃe of a"ｆormｔo＂acｔivｉtｉes.- Conｓtruction ｏf the bｕilding is thｅＵｎitｅdＳtａtes, and ｔhe pｒｏｄucｔｓhａｐe deｓign and engineｅring bｙtｈe sｔructuｒe, maｔerialｓ, prｏｄuｃtion conditioｎｓ, ａnd many othｅｒrestｒiｃtｉｏnｓ, onlｙtｈe c ｏntempｏｒary induｓtｒial desigｎers in a higher leｖel of intｅgra ｔｉｏn oｆsciｅｎcｅanｄtｅcｈｎoloｇy and the arｔs, tｏｃreate a ｖaｒiable ａnｄDiversｉficａtiｏn of prｏｄuctｓｏｒideａs. Induｓｔｒｉalｄesigners oｆｔｅn use ｌangｕage to shapｅthe uniqｕe forｍｏf pｒodｕcｔdｅｓigｎ, pｒoducｔｕｓe aｎd ｔhｅspecific shapｅto ｔｈｅoｕtｓｉdeｗorｌｄtｏconvｅy their iｄeas and ｃonｃepｔs．Ｄesigｎｅrs only accｕrａｔｅlｙｇraｓｐthe shape ａndｓｔatｅoｆrelａｔｉｏns andｔo achieｖｅthe ｗidely shaｒed sｅntｉｍenｔ.

Productsｆｏrm ｔhe basic eleｍｅntｓModern proｄｕcｔs aｒe gｅｎｅraｌｌy giveｓpｅoplｅt ｗｏｋiｎｄs of infｏrmａｔioｎtｒansmissｉoｎ, a kｎowｌｅｄge that is raｔional, ｏｆten referｒｅｄｔo as ｔｈｅｐroduct'ｓfeatｕres,materials，ｔechnoｌoｇy, pｒoｄucts is ｔhｅbａｓiｓforｔhe ｏther ｉs emｏtiｏnal，ｓuch ａs ｐroduct modeｌing, Cｏlor，use, ｔhｅmore prｏｄｕcｔs aｎd gｅnerａte the

form.Fｒoｍa tecｈnicａl poｉnｔof view of aesｔheｔｉcs, goo ｄiｎdｕstrial deｓｉｇn should ｂe thｅｆirst to bring ｕseｒs the beｓt soｌutｉon for the proｂlｅm．Pｒoduct ｄesiｇn ｉs b ａｓed ｏn this andｓtａrt the ｃonverｇenｃｅoｆtｅｃhn ｏloｇｙ, mａｔerials, techｎoｌｏgy and othｅr achｉｅvementｓof a ｈarｍonioｕs ｓystem of ｔhe ＵnｉｔeｄSｔatｅs. Pｒoductｄesign ｉs diffeｒenｔfrom pｕre Viｓｕal Aｒts. Pure Vｉsuａl Ａrtｓto puｒsue purｅly seｎtｉｍｅｎtａｌUnｉｔed States，ｔheｒｅmay be ｎatuｒal, can also beｐrodｕced by ｔｈe ａｒｔisｔ's iｎspirａtiｏn．Ａｓtheｐｒoduct design mｕｓｔmeet the uｓer's ｎeeds, a technoloｇy solutions. Ｉt cａn be saiｄｔhat product design nｅeds ａｒａtiｏnal lｏgical tｈinking to gｕｉde ｔhｅimage ｏf eｍotioｎal ｔhｉnking，to pr ｏvidｅａsｏlution aｓthｅstａnｄａｒｄ,ｉt iｓimpｏssible ｔo aｒbｉｔraryＴｉanmaxingkong pｌay．Ｐroducts foｒｍiｓno longer juｓt a vｉsuａl ｅｘpｅrience, it shｏuld be embodｉed in products and usｅr iｎｔeraｃtiｏn，ａnd not ｊust an achｉevemeｎt. Prｏｄuct Design tｈroｕｇh ｔhe shａｐｅ,ｃolor, of the ｔhree ｍajｏr elemｅnｔs to the ｕser tｏｔhe aesth ｅtｉc impact.

１, shａpe - spacｅｆorm aｎd the ｉntegｒation ｏｆ

Visual Arts

Create a theme ｉs ａn ｉmｐorｔaｎt aspeｃt of products,maｉｎlｙｔｈrough ｔhe scａle, shape, propoｒtｉoｎand ｌｅvｅl of relatｉｏｎs between tｈｅpsychｏlogiｃal eｘperi ｅｎce of tｈe impact，ａｌloｗsｕsｅrｓtｏhave a ｓense of oｗnerｓｈip，ａseｎse of achiｅvｅmｅnt，frｉenｄlineｓｓ, whｉlｅaｌsｏcｒeaｔｉng thｅneceｓsａry ｅnｖirｏnmｅｎt to creaｔe ａn aｔmospｈere Exaggｅraｔｅd，subｔlｅandｉnte ｒesｔinｇ, chｅerful, rｅlaxed ａnd mysteｒiouｓ, anｄｓｏdiffe ｒent fｒom the psyｃhologｉcal anｄemotｉｏnａｌ.For examｐle,theｓymmeｔry or reｃtaｎgｕlar sｐace to ｓhow that stringeｎt，toｃrｅate aｓｏlemn, quiet, eleｇanｔａｎd cｌean ａｔｍosphｅｒe；rouｎd ａnｄoval ｔo show tolerancｅ, to create ａsuccesｓfuｌ, lｉｖe for the atmospｈerｅto creａtｅa free ｄynamic curve shapｅiｓｃｏnducive to Cｒeａtｅa warｍ, fｒｅeａｎd ｃordial atmoｓpｈere. In particulａr, frｅedｏm of the ｐeｏple more atｔraｃtive, aｎｄiｔs freedoｍ-anｄｍoｒe na ｔuｒal，morｅlｉｖe atmoｓphｅrｅaｎd crｅate the spacｅfo ｒｔｈe rich ｒｈythm,rhｙthm and bｅauｔy. Fluent iｎboth soft curve in the band ｊuｓt ａｓｗell have to ｄo iｓtaｋe ｎ, ｆully aｂｌeｔo mｅet modern ｄesｉgn purｓuｅd ｂy thｅｓimｐlicity and sensｅoｆrhyｔhm．Ｃurve shape bｙｔhe live

ｌyｅfｆecｔmａke ｉt eａｓiｅｒｔo feelｔｈｅpoweｒof life and iｎspirｅvｉｅwerｓrｅsｏnate. Uｓe ｏｆiｎcｏｍplete，vａriabｉｌitｙanｄother meanｓfor creａtinｇ a modeling era, ｔhe tｈeme of avant-garde．Incｏmｐｌｅｔe aｒｅincomplｅte tｈeＵnｉteｄStaｔｅｓand ｉnｃｏmplete form ｏf combinａｔion wilｌｈａｖe ｔhe ｅffｅcｔｏｆmａgｉc,people with grｅａt vｉｓuａl imｐａcｔanｄsenｓe of avaｎt－gaｒde aｒt. Viｓual Arｔs peｒforｍａnce oｆsolｉciｔiｎg input to the ｓpace Ｍｏdal,sucｈas ｔhe amｏunt of cｈａnge, maｔeriａl cｈａnges,changes iｎcｏlor, sｈape or exaggerａted ｔｈe assoｃiatｉon, can ａrouｓｅpeoplｅ's attentiｏn. Ａll of iｔs ｐroductｓonly ｔhroughｅxｔｅrnal ｍorｐhｏlogicaｌｃｈaracｔeｒiｓticｓ, ｃan bｅｃome objecｔｓand tｈe ｕsｅof ｃoｇnitive objｅcｔ，pｌaｙto theiｒfｕncｔｉons.

Thｒouｇh pｒｏducｔｓｈaｐe iｎdiｃatｉｖeｏf certain chａraｃteｒistics,suｇｇｅstiｎgｔｈat ｐeople use the prｏduct，moｄｅof operatiｏｎ. Tｈｒough mｏｄeliｎg of ｔhe foｒm siｍiｌａr tｏthｅaｄｖaｎce ａnｄｒeｔrｅatａs Ｃai Zhidao ｋnifｅbuｔton dｅsign for the ｔｈumb of negatiｖe convex ｓhape and design of ｔendonｓ, nｏt only for tｈｅadvancｅanｄｒｅｔreat operaｔioｎblade that its uｓｅ, mａnｙ

frｕit kｎifｅor knives aｒｅdesｉgned to cut thｅnegａｔive－to ｉnsｔruｃtiｏns Ｈａndｐoｓition．By moｄeｌｉng tｈe caｕsal linｋsuch aｓkｎobｓform ａｃonｖex pｒｏfile around thｅs ｉde oｆthe trougｈoｆtｈe ｎumbeｒ,ｓize of thｉｓｖisu ａl foｒｍ,toｃｏｎvey theｋnoｂis ｓtｉll finｅtuniｎｇｔhe amouｎt of rough-sｐin; oｐening ｔhｅｓize oｆconｔaｉner ｓusｅd to ｉmply thaｔthｅTｈｅpｒｅciｏuｓthｉngs in fulｌbloｏｍoｒnｏt, tｈｅｎumber and aｍount oｆpreservatｉon sｕch as the lｅngth of tｉme.

Morｐhological chaｒactｅriｓtｉｃs oｆｔhe pｒoduct caｎshoｗthe symｂolｉｃproducｔｓ, ｐrimaｒｉｌy reflectｅd ｉn tｈｅqｕalityｏf producｔs, naｔurｅand interｅstiｎg,aｎｄsoｏn. Ｔhrouｇh tｈe ｆoｒmｏf laｎｇuａge ｒefleｃts ｔhe tecｈnｉcaｌchaｒａcｔeｒｉstics oｆprｏｄｕｃts，ｐro ｄucｔfeａｔures and inherｅｎt quaｌity,ｉnclｕding tｈe tｒａｎsiｔｉon beｔweｅｎｐａrtｓ, the suｒfａce teｘtｕrｅ, cｏlｏｒand othｅr aspecｔs oｆrelations ｗith treatment, rｅｆleｃts the excellenｔquality prｏducts, suｐｅrb tecｈnｏlogｙ.Pｒoducｔｓhａｐe tｈｒouｇｈｌanguａge also rｅflects thｅsｅcuｒity ｓｙmbol in thｅelectrｉcal categｏry，ｍachinｅry ａｎd hand toｏl ｓcategｏry oｆproduct dｅsigｎis of great sigｎificaｎｃe，

refｌecｔｅd ｉn ｔｈe usｅr'ｓpｈysical aｎd ｐsｙchｏｌｏgica ｌaspeｃts oｆthｅtwo,。The ｗeｌl-knoｗn brａnds, ｔｈe overall ｓhape, fiｎｅtechｎology, thｅｃolor of calm wｉlｌgｉｖｅtｏthｅpｓycholｏｇical sensｅof secuｒｉty，a reasoｎable size, has nｏintentｉon to tｏuｃhｔhe button sｗitｃh desｉgn, ａnd so givｅpeople the ｐhｙsｉcal seｎseｏf seｃｕrｉty．

ｃoloｒ- ａｓyｍbol of ｃulｔurａl and emotioｎal

Colｏr ａs the pｒｏｄuct of the ｃolor aｐpearanｃe, not onl ｙhavｅthe aｅsｔheｔic and ｄecorａtｉve, but alsｏａsymboｌic siｇnificance ａnｄsymbｏlic meａｎｉng.Ｐroｄuct design in cｏlor iｎclｕｄｓcoloｒlｉghｔneｓs，purity, and tｈe color of thｅpｈysical，psycｈologｉcaｌimｐacｔ. Cｏｌor ｏf the iｎterioｒspａceｍｏod in tｈeｆormation ｐlａy a ｖery ｉmｐｏｒtant role．It suboｒdinated to the tｈeme of proｄucts, prｏｄuｃt mｏre vitalitｙ. Color giveｓｐeｏpｌｅtｈe feeｌiｎg is stroｎｇ,different color combinations aｎd wｉｌｌbｒing diffeｒent feelings:ｗaｒｍｒed,bｌue quiet, myｓtｅriｏus purplｅ, purｅwhite,blａcｋsolｅmｎ, simple gｒｅｙ, ｅxｐrｅｓｓｄifferent emoｔionｓbｅcome dｉfｆerent Symboｌ. Prｏｄuct design in the coloｒs impｌｙthaｔtｈｅpeoplｅand reｍinｄ

peｏｐle to use tｈe atteｎtiｏn, sｕｃｈaｓtraditional cameｒａｓａｒｅmostly bｌack to the suｒfａce for ｔｈe shell tｏｓhow ｉｔs oｐacity, while drａwinｇaｔtentioｎto dark. Pｒｏductｄesiｇnｓhould be ｂasｅd ｏnｔhe color oｆtｈe tｈｅme, reflectｅｄtheｉr aspirations.Aｎd ｔhe cｏloｒs aｒe also the f ｅeｌｉngs oｆthe timｅs, sｏciａｌ, cultｕral, rｅgionalａnｄw ａｙof lifｅ, the ｉmpact of ｃｕｓｔoms，reflｅctsｔhe tenｄｅnｃyｔo pｕrsuｅｔhｅtreｎd of tｈｅｔiｍeｓ．

2，qｕａlitｙ- maｔerial texturｅａnd fabｒic of t ｈe tｒansｍisｓioｎ

Ｐeoｐleｏn tｈe peｒceiｖed psycｈoｌoｇical pｒocess mａｔerｉal is ｕndeｎiａｂlｅ, and ｔhe tｅxture itｓｅｌf is al ｓｏan arｔforｍ. Ｉf ａｐｒoducｔis the ｓhａpe oｆspace and ｍovｉng, then gooｄusｅｏf the materｉａｌａn ｄcoloｒcan make ｐrodｕcｔdｅｓｉgn ｉn ｔhe mosｔsimpl ｅwａy iｓｆull of artｉstｒy.Textｕre isｔｈe texture of ｔｈe surface feａｔｕｒeｓtｈrｏugｈto gｉve vｉsuａl ａnｄtactile fｅel, aｓｗelｌａｓpｓychｏｌoｇｉcalａnd symｂolic signiｆiｃａnｃe oｆLｅnｏvo. Ｔexturｅproducｔs in the foｒm oｆfacｔoｒs ｔｈat caｎｂe used or from the war ｎing. It haｓｌonｇbｅen ｆound finｇｅrprinｔs on thｅhan

ｄs finｇeｒｔipｓto grｉp the suｒfaｃe ｉntoａthin ｗire-liｋe pｒoceｓseｓｏf,thereby enhanｃing ｔheｓeｎｓｉti ｖitｙof ｔｈｅhaｎd ａnｄhａs inｃreasｅｄthe fｒｉctｉｏn conｔrollｅd Objects.By choosiｎｇｔｈｅaｐpropriaｔe m ｏｄeling matｅrial to incrｅａｓe ｔhe emｏtｉonａｌ, romantｉc elemeｎts,so ｔhat the products anｄmore interacｔive. In ｃhoosing ｔhe material not only witｈtｈｅsｔrength, weａr ｒｅsistaｎce,aｎd other parametｅrｓto be ａssｅssｅd, buｔcｏnｓi ｄering ｔhｅmateｒial and emoｔionａl diｓtance reｌatioｎship ａs aｎimｐｏrtant evaｌｕａtiｏn ｓｃale. Textｕre cａｎｇive ｄifferent tｅxturｅs are dｉffereｎt froｍthe psyｃｈoｌogicａl feelｉngs, sｕch as glaｓs，steｅl pｒｏduｃtsｏf sｃienｃｅa ｎd technoloｇy can ｅxｐresｓatmosphere, ｗｏｏd,ｂambｏｏcan ｅxｐｒess natｕral, sｉmple,humaｎａnd oｔｈｅr means. Materｉal texｔｕrｅand fabｒｉc ｏf the performaｎce cｈaｒacterｉｓtics of the mａｔerial will bｅdiｒecｔly affected bｙｔhe ｓｙsｔem ｆor ｔhe prｏdｕｃｔs ａfter the finａｌｖisu ａl effｅctｓ. Ｉnduｓtｒiａl designｅｒs ｓhould be familiaｒｗit ｈtｈe peｒfoｒmance characteｒistiｃs oｆdifferent ｍａteria ｌs, maｔｅrials,texture aｎd sｈaｐe, strｕcturｅand oｔhｅr asｐects oｆthe relａｔionshiｐｂetween an in-depth anａｌｙｓiｓａｎd research，ｓｃｉentific and ｒａtｉonal to be chosen to

meet tｈe neeｄs of ｐroｄｕct deｓｉｇn.

Goｏd shaｐe design of tｈe prodｕｃt, always tｈrouｇｈｔhe sｈaｐｅ, ｃolｏr and quａlity in thrｅe ａreaｓof mｕtｕal exchａnｇes and to enhance mood leveｌ，tｏｒeｆｌecｔaｎd r ｅｆlected inｔhｅmaterｉａl form oｆhｉdden beｈiｎd the ａｐpeaｒanｃe of pｒｏducｔs. Thｉｓｓpｉrｉt of ｔｈe uｓer's im ａgｉnａtiｏn anｄｔo associaｔe witｈthｅtransｍisｓiｏn, aｎd in the procesｓof interactｉve pｒodｕｃtｓmeｅｔuｓer subｃonscｉous ｄｅsｉｒｅ，ｔhe emｏtiｏｎａl value ｏf pｒoducｔs.

Ｓｈape of the ｍoldｉnｇprocess

undeｒstand thｅtｒue meaniｎg of li ｆｅ

Indusｔｒial deｓｉgｎｔo useｒ-cｅntｒiｃ，pｅople ａnd ｔechｎology to providｅcomｍuｎicａｔion bｅｔｗeen ｔｈｅsｏlｕｔｉons, let ｔhｅｔechnoｌogｙgetａｒaｔional emotｉonａl eｘpression. Ｗhich is built on the desiｇner of ｌifｅoｎthe bａsis ｏf ｉn－deptｈunｄeｒstａndiｎg,from ｌｉfe experience aｎd the ｐroｆound insightｓof things．Tｈerefoｒe，

dｅsiｇｎers ｓhoｕｌd do theｐｉoneｅr life.

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Bｏｏks, movｉes，piｃｔuｒes,tｅlevision，tｈe network traｎsmission oｆinｆoｒｍaｔｉon,is quieｔlｙchanging the woｒｌd as a whｏle, wｈen we watcｈa movie, a ball gamｅ, whｅn liｓｔeniｎg to music when waｌｋiｎｇorｌiｇｈtweight, may be given tｈｅexpeｒiｅnce, is Theｓe expeｒience will iｎspirｅｃｒeativeｉnspiｒatiｏn. As industrial ｄeｓｉgneｒs，the moｓｔimportaｎｔof thｅsｅiｓｔhe eｘpeｒien

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DESIGN and ENVIRONMENT Product design is the principal part and kernel of industrial design. Product design gives uses pleasure. A good design can bring hope and create new lifestyle to human. In spscificity,products are only outcomes of factory such as mechanical and electrical products,costume and so on.In generality,anything,whatever it is tangibile or intangible,that can be provided for a market,can be weighed with value by customers, and can satisfy a need or desire,can be entiled as products. Innovative design has come into human life. It makes product looking brand-new and brings new aesthetic feeling and attraction that are different from traditional products. Enterprose tend to renovate idea of product design because of change of consumer's lifestyle , emphasis on individuation and self-expression,market competition and requirement of individuation of product. Product design includes factors of society ,economy, techology and leterae humaniores. Tasks of product design includes styling, color, face processing and selection of material and optimization of human-machine interface. Design is a kind of thinking of lifestyle.Product and design conception can guide human lifestyle . In reverse , lifestyle also manipulates orientation and development of product from thinking layer.

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前言 在目前激烈的市场竞争中，产品投入市场的迟早往往是成败的关键。模具是高质量、高效率的产品生产工具，模具开发周期占整个产品开发周期的主要部分。因此客户对模具开发周期要求越来越短，不少客户把模具的交货期放在第一位置，然后才是质量和价格。因此，如何在保证质量、控制成本的前提下加工模具是值得认真考虑的问题。模具加工工艺是一项先进的制造工艺，已成为重要发展方向，在航空航天、汽车、机械等各行业得到越来越广泛的应用。模具加工技术，可以提高制造业的综合效益和竞争力。研究和建立模具工艺数据库，为生产企业提供迫切需要的高速切削加工数据，对推广高速切削加工技术具有非常重要的意义。本文的主要目标就是构建一个冲压模具工艺过程，将模具制造企业在实际生产中结合刀具、工件、机床与企业自身的实际情况积累得高速切削加工实例、工艺参数和经验等数据有选择地存储到高速切削数据库中，不但可以节省大量的人力、物力、财力，而且可以指导高速加工生产实践，达到提高加工效率，降低刀具费用，获得更高的经济效益。 1.冲压的概念、特点及应用 冲压是利用安装在冲压设备（主要是压力机）上的模具对材料施加压力，使其产生分离或塑性变形，从而获得所需零件（俗称冲压或冲压件）的一种压力加工方法。冲压通常是在常温下对材料进行冷变形加工，且主要采用板料来加工成所需零件，所以也叫冷冲压或板料冲压。冲压是材料压力加工或塑性加工的主要方法之一，隶属于材料成型工程术。 冲压所使用的模具称为冲压模具，简称冲模。冲模是将材料（金属或非金属）批量加工成所需冲件的专用工具。冲模在冲压中至关重要，没有符合要求的冲模，批量冲压生产就难以进行；没有先进的冲模，先进的冲压工艺就无法实现。冲压工艺与模具、冲压设备和冲压材料构成冲压加工的三要素，只有它们相互结合才能得出冲压件。 与机械加工及塑性加工的其它方法相比，冲压加工无论在技术方面还是经济方面都具有许多独特的优点，主要表现如下； (1) 冲压加工的生产效率高，且操作方便，易于实现机械化与自动化。这是

模具设计与制造外文翻译

The mold designing and manufacturing The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80's later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three investments enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold enterprise's development also rapid quietly. Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year . The Chinese mold industry must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the super finishing and polished the technology, the information direction develops . The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase;

工业设计外文翻译---不需要设计师的设计

Design Without Designers 网站截图： https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4117030046.html,/baidu?word=%B9%A4%D2%B5%C9%E8%BC%C6%D3%A2%CE%C4%CE%C4%CF%D 7&tn=sogouie_1_dg 原文： Design Without Designers I will always remember my first introduction to the power of good product design. I was newly arrived at Apple, still learning the ways of business, when I was visited by a member of Apple's Industrial Design team. He showed me a foam mockup of a proposed product. "Wow," I said, "I want one! What is it?" That experience brought home the power of design: I was excited and enthusiastic even before I knew what it was. This type of visceral "wow" response requires creative designers. It is subjective, personal. Uh oh, this is not what engineers like to hear. If you can't put a number to it, it's not important. As a result, there is a trend to eliminate designers. Who needs them when we can simply test our way to success? The excitement of powerful, captivating design is defined as irrelevant. Worse, the nature of design is in danger. Don't believe me? Consider Google. In a well-publicized move, a senior designer at Google recently quit, stating that Google had no interest in or understanding of design. Google, it seems, relies primarily upon test results, not human skill or judgment. Want to know whether a design is effective? Try it out. Google can quickly submit samples to millions of people in well-controlled trials, pitting one design against another, selecting the winner based upon number of clicks, or sales, or whatever objective measure they wish. Which color of blue is best? Test. Item placement? Test. Web page layout? Test. This procedure is hardly unique to Google. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4117030046.html, has long followed this practice. Years ago I was proudly informed that they no longer have debates about which design is best: they simply test them and use the data to decide. And this, of course, is the approach used by the human-centered iterative design approach: prototype, test, revise. Is this the future of design? Certainly there are many who believe so. This is a hot topic on the talk and seminar circuit. After all, the proponents ask reasonably, who could object to making decisions based upon data? Two Types of Innovation: Incremental Improvements and New Concepts In design—and almost all innovation, for that matter—there are at least two distinct forms. One is

模具毕业设计外文翻译7081204

(此文档为word格式，下载后您可任意编辑修改！) 冷冲模具使用寿命的影响及对策 冲压模具概述 冲压模具--在冷冲压加工中，将材料(金属或非金属)加工成零件(或半成品)的一种特殊工艺装备，称为冷冲压模具(俗称冷冲模)。冲压--是在室温下，利用安装在压力机上的模具对材料施加压力，使其产生分离或塑性变形，从而获得所需零件的一种压力加工方法。 冲压模具的形式很多，一般可按以下几个主要特征分类： 1?根据工艺性质分类 (1)冲裁模沿封闭或敞开的轮廓线使材料产生分离的模具。如落料模、冲孔模、切断模、切口模、切边模、剖切模等。 (2)弯曲模使板料毛坯或其他坯料沿着直线(弯曲线)产生弯曲变形，从而获得一定角度和形状的工件的模具。 (3)拉深模是把板料毛坯制成开口空心件，或使空心件进一步改变形状和尺寸的模具。 (4)成形模是将毛坯或半成品工件按图凸、凹模的形状直接复制成形，而材料本身仅产生局部塑性变形的模具。如胀形模、缩口模、扩口模、起伏成形模、翻边模、整形模等。2?根据工序组合程度分类 (1)单工序模在压力机的一次行程中，只完成一道冲压工序的模具。 (2)复合模只有一个工位，在压力机的一次行程中，在同一工位上同时完成两道或两道以上冲压工序的模具。 (3)级进模(也称连续模) 在毛坯的送进方向上，具有两个或更多的工位，在压力机的一次行程中，在不同的工位上逐次完成两道或两道以上冲压工序的模具。 冲冷冲模全称为冷冲压模具。 冷冲压模具是一种应用于模具行业冷冲压模具及其配件所需高性能结构陶瓷材料的制备方法，高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料由氧化锆、氧化钇粉中加铝、错元素构成，制备工艺是将氧化锆溶液、氧化钇溶液、氧化错溶液、氧化铝溶液按一定比例混合配成母液，滴入碳酸氢铵，采用共沉淀方法合成模具及其配件陶瓷材料所需的原材料，反应生成的沉淀经滤水、干燥，煅烧得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料超微粉，再经过成型、烧结、精加工，便得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料。本发明的优点是本发明制成的冷冲压模具及其配件使用寿命长，在冲压过程中未出现模具及其配件与冲压件产生粘结现象，冲压件表面光滑、无毛刺，完全可以替代传统高速钢、钨钢材料。 冷冲模具主要零件冷冲模具是冲压加工的主要工艺装备，冲压制件就是靠上、下模具的相对运动来完成的。 加工时由于上、下模具之间不断地分合，如果操作工人的手指不断进入或停留在模具闭合区，便会对其人身安全带来严重威胁。 1

工业设计专业英语第三版部分翻译

艺术装饰风格 被宣告是“唯一一个总体设计”，艺术装饰必然是在众多消费者中间找到观众的最高产的设计之一。虽然它起源于19世纪20年代高度专有的法国手工裁剪装潢艺术，但它通过利用廉价的新金属材料，塑料和玻璃而发展迅速，找到了便宜，短期利用，并可以大批生产的装饰用品，如香烟盒，香水瓶，家庭用的陶瓷和玻璃，流行纺织品及各种装饰物，还有可以像鸡尾般甩动的物品。作为一种装饰风格它可以运用于无数物品的形状和表面装饰，因而赋予它们全部以相同质量的瞬间的现代性和时尚性。 就像许多这个世纪其它的流行风格一样，艺术装饰风格扎根于高雅文化，例如，立体主义、俄国芭蕾、美洲印第安风格和欧洲纯粹主义，但是相对其他文化而言，艺术装饰风格取长补短，装饰特征表现得更为折衷一些。结合艺术装饰风格在1930年代流行的因素，大规模批量生产使用新材料是商品价格相对低廉的必要条件。但这些是远远不够的，更深层次的原因是艺术装饰风格具有典型的适应性。在那段经济萧条的时期，豪华奢侈的装饰风格所带来的美感让当时的消费者有了逃避现实的放松心情。艺术装饰风格的宣传方式也促进了它的流行，艺术风格被好莱坞应用于多种流行电影中。通过影片媒体使大量观众接触到装饰风格，除此之外，艺术装饰风格也运用在广告和包装上，使其有效的影响了大量的环境之外，艺术装饰风格也影响到了建筑领域，许多新场所也运用了这种风格，美化建筑的外表，那些新商业的

娱乐楼房，例如商场电影院，工厂，甚至于新的豪华游轮，它也被利用于在1933年芝加哥展览之中。艺术装饰风格开始象征着高效率的现代化生活和新的生活理念，这种动人的方式随着人们对时尚性和社会地位的追求与渴望，艺术装饰风格得到了大量消费者的高度喜爱地位。 艺术装饰的大量应用伴随着消费产品的需求。但是，从不好的方而来看，艺术装饰风格只是作为一种中档的艺术手法，来装饰非常廉价的商品甚至留有一种杂乱的感觉。在英国有一群针对低端市场开发产品的地毯制造商，他们意识到了这个新潮流里的商业潜力。 但是，这些地毯制造商也很注意他们消费群里的保守心理，因此，即使是在一块地毯里的花紋也会出现那些很传统的1案象是老式的叶子造型和较灰暗的颜色。这种设计的消费市场不同于那些要不就是现代型或是完全传统的设计方案。1920年代到30年代，英国都铎王室的一些新居住者和新建筑的到来，使工艺美术运动和现代风格可以较为自由的发展和合理的被采用.这些各异的艺术风格也被按照使用者的喜好不同加入到地毯的设计之中。在20世纪30年代的中期，改良过的艺术装饰风格在数不清的家居装饰里都可以看到"在花园门饰上，无线电机的面板装饰上，阿芝台克寺庙的壁炉上和那些扶手椅和沙发的几何形体上。"

模具设计外文翻译---模具的发展

毕业设计论文外文翻译

模具的发展 1模具在工业生产中的地位 模具是大批量生产同形产品的工具，是工业生产的主要工艺装备。 采用模具生产零部件，具有生产效率高、质量好、成本低、节约能源和原材料等一系列优点，用模具生产制件所具备的高精度、高复杂程度、高一致性、高生产率和低消耗，是其他加工制造方法所不能比拟的。已成为当代工业生产的重要手段和工艺发展方向。现代经济的基础工业。现代工业品的发展和技术水平的提高，很大程度上取决于模具工业的发展水平，因此模具工业对国民经济和社会发展将起越来越大的作用。1989年3月国务院颁布的《关于当前产业政策要点的决定》中，把模具列为机械工业技术改造序列的第一位、生产和基本建设序列的第二位(仅次于大型发电设备及相应的输变电设备)，确立模具工业在国民经济中的重要地位。1997年以来，又相继把模具及其加工技术和设备列入了《当前国家重点鼓励发展的产业、产品和技术目录》和《鼓励外商投资产业目录》。经国务院批准，从1997年到2000年，对80多家国有专业模具厂实行增值税返还70%的优惠政策，以扶植模具工业的发展。所有这些，都充分体现了国务院和国家有关部门对发展模具工业的重视和支持。目前全世界模具年产值约为600亿美元，日、美等工业发达国家的模具工业产值已超过机床工业，从1997年开始，我国模具工业产值也超过了机床工业产值。 据统计，在家电、玩具等轻工行业，近90％的零件是综筷具生产的；在飞机、汽车、农机和无线电行业，这个比例也超过60％。例如飞机制造业，某型战斗机模具使用量超过三万套，其中主机八千套、发动机二千套、辅机二万套。从产值看，80年代以来，美、日等工业发达国家模具行业的产值已超过机床行业，并又有继续增长的趋势。据国际生产技术协会预测，到2000年，产品尽件粗加工的75%、精加工的50％将由模具完成；金属、塑料、陶瓷、橡胶、建材等工业制品大部分将由模具完成，50％以上的金属板材、80％以上的塑料都特通过模具转化成制品。

工业设计外文翻译---中国要有自己的创新之道

1.Creative China must find its ownPath 网站截图： https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4117030046.html,/baidu?word=%B9%A4%D2%B5%C9%E8%BC%C6%D3%A2%CE%C4 %CE%C4%CF%D7&tn=sogouie_1_dg 原文： Creative China must find its own Path Justin 0'Connor It is commonly said that China needs to ‘catch-up’ with `the west' or the `developed world'. This phrase implies a singular path; there may be short cuts and `late-comer advantages' but the destination一a modern, developed country一is the same. But just when it seems China is within touching distance, the `developed world' changes the definition of what it is to be `developed' and puts more obstacles in the path of those trying to catch-up. In English we call this `moving the goal-posts'. After manufacturing, services and high-technology seemed to present clear goals for China, the cultural creative industries arrive as the new `value-added' product and service sector, posing yet more problems for the country's policy-makers. Many in the West have argued that China will take a long time to catch-up in these areas and that this provides a new source of competitive advantage to the West. Indeed, for some, the absence of a competitive cultural creative industries sector is evidence that China is not, and maybe can never be, fully `developed'. Much of this can be dismissed as another example of the West's superiority complex; however, there can be no doubt that the cultural creative industries present great possibilities but also great challenges for China. These industries一from visual and performing arts, to recorded music, film and TV, to digital animation and new media services, through to fashion, design and architecture一are highly creative and innovative products and services, relying on complex flows of knowledge and intellectual property. They are also cultural or symbolic products that reflect and influence our pleasures and ambitions, and our individual and collective sense of meaning and identity. For these reasons all nations have sought to protect and develop their own national culture and traditions by investing in cultural infrastructure and expertise. In the second half of the twentieth century this was expanded beyond `the arts，一galleries,