人教高中英语选修六第四单元知识点练习.

Unit 4 Global warming

单元知识点练习

多项选择

1. If you insist on smoking heavily like that,you will have to suffer the _____ sooner or later.

A.achievements

B.causes

C.consequences

D.exchanges

2.—How did people respond to the plan to charge for plastic bags used in the supermarket?

—The plan received ______ support throughout the country.

A.widespread

B.steady

C.potential

D.obvious

3. Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000,a(n

______ of 40,000 per year. A.average B.number C.amount D.quantity

4. —Do you _______ the idea of living a low-carbon life?—It sounds tough,but it is

a tendency.

A.correspond to

B.apply to

C.cater to

D.subscribe to

5. Motels in and near large cities ______to be more expensive than the ones in small towns.

A.turn

B.tend

C.subscribe

D.appeal

6. Thousands and thousands of people attended the president’s inaugural ceremony,with ages

______ from 5 to 100.A.varying B.changing C.ranging D.rating

7. —After a long sleep,I feel very weak.

—Then why not wash your face? The cool water will surely ________you.

A.rebuild

B.rescue

C.remain

D.refresh

8. People who come to attend court hearings are always chosen _______ in order to be fair.

A. by chance

B. at random

C. on purpose

D. in general

9. ____that all the data stored in the computer got stolen with nobody being responsible for it?

A. How come

B. How come about

C. How it came about

D. How does it happen

10. In order to test how strong the tank was, the experts purposefully let the pressure inside

continue to ______until it bursts A. come up B. rise up C. build up D. raise

11. The manager just _____ Tom’s report and gave it to his secretary at once,saying it seemed to be

all right. A.fixed on B.thought over C.glanced through D.concentrated on

12. These measures would make a valuable ______towards reducing industrial accidents.

A.contribution

B.catastrophe

C.progress

D.position

13. Prices keep _______and people have to keep a close eye on their wallet.

A. going up

B. rising up

C. lifting up

D. raising up

14. Why do w e have to Bob’s selfish behavior? We should teach him how to care for others.

A. make up for

B. come up with

C. put up with

D. get rid of

15. There are some spelling mistakes in your composition,but ________ your composition is good.

A.as a whole

B.on the whole

C.on one hand

D.on the other hand

16.At no time and under no ________ will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

A.phenomena

B.coincidences

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4412253706.html,mitments

D.circumstances

2013年11月29日星期五

选修六unit 4 词汇复习题

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4412253706.html,pared with developing countries, developed countries ___ more energy.

A. communicate

B.fry

C. survive

D. consume

2. Though water is a ____ resource, we still can not waste water.

A. renewable

B. naughty

C. responsible

D. adventurous

3. Then watch carefully and see what will ___.

A. come out

B. come across

C. come over

D. come about

4. The interviwer will probably interview individual students at ____.

A. at the end

B. random

C. at risk

D. at rest

5.One of the tasks of the sociologists is to study the social ___.

A. majority

B. phenomenon

C. solution

D. adventure

6.I’ve personally never ___ to the view that either sex is superior to the other.

A.exchanged

B. transported

C. subscribed

D. pronounced

7.Many small factories in that country closed down for lack of ___.

A. fuel

B. stream

C. poison

D. roar

8. There are only a small ___ of flowers in the garden. A. share B. quantity C. parachute D. closet

9. He ___ like an a wild animal as blood came out his wound.

A. trended

B. paddled

C. combined

D. howled

10. They heard a loud explosion and saw a ball of fire__. A. take off B. go up C. pull up D. make out

11. The wide application of computers in science and technology will free people from the labor of complicated ___ and calculation. A. measurement B. opportunity C. responsibility D. similarity

12. The drought in the 1930s ____ extreme crop losses in the Midwest

A. got away from

B. get away in

C. resulted in

D. resulted from

13. It is reported that the rise in violent crime is a disturbing new _. A. mirror B. match C. rope D. trend

14. If the world is to avoid environmental ____, developed countries should play a more important role.

A. situations

B. catastrophes

C. compasses

D. pronunciations

15. If the _____ continues, the harvest will be ruined. A. drought B. trade C. tourism

D. signal

16. At first he was __ to the plan, but we persuaded him. A. opposed B. scared C. deserted D. separated

17. As a ____ of your bad work, I am forced to dismiss you.

A. advance

B. swallow

C. deadline

D. consequence

18. He ___ calling me but I really didn’t want to talk to h im.

A. kept on

B. kept from

C. kept out of

D. kept up with

19. It was clear at first__ that they had not died of their wounds. A. strike B. rescue

C. glance

D. temple

20. There was a ____ dissatisfaction among the students with the food on the campus.

A. international

B. widespread

C. unforgettable

D. particular

21. ___, it is a good plan. We should not be particular about it.

A. For ages

B. From time to time

C. On the whole

D. By no means

22. Going by train is more__than going by plane. A. economical B. basic C. poisonous D. equal

23. Most people walk with an__rate of 5 kilometers per hour. A. tidy B. normal C. similar D. average

24. Most religions believe in the__of life after death. A. position B. existence C. trade D. protection

25. In China, both late marriages and late childbirth are ___, in addition to fewer and better births.

A. combined

B. shaken

C. advocated

D. published

26. At last we made a ____ to keep on working together.

A. contribution

B. mistake

C. commitment

D. difference

27. I don’t know ho w his parents ___ his bad behaviors.

A. keep out of

B. run out of

C. put up with

D. make use of

28. She made it clear that under no ____ would she cancel the trip.

A. phenomenon

B. experiences

C. situations

D. circumstances

29. Will you come to my office for the ____ of the new products?

A. presentation

B. contribution

C. disagreement

D. pollution

30. Before I interviewed Ms Waters, I read her book again to ___ my memory.

A. crack

B. refresh

C. handle

D. seize

Unit 4 Global warming

单元知识点练习参考答案

多项选择

1---5 CAADB 6-10 CDBAC 11-16 CAACBD

1-5 DADBB 6-10 CABDB 11-15 ACDBA 16-20 ADACB 21-25 CADBC 26-30 CCDAB

(完整版)新课标人教版高中英语选修6单词-中文

选修六 Unit 1 1.adj. 现实主义的；逼真的；现实的 2.adj. 抽象的；深奥的n. 摘要 3.n. 雕塑 4.n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 5.n. 美术陈列室；画廊 6.n. 信任；信心；信念 7.adv. 忠实地 8.adv. 所以；因而 9.n. 目标；目的vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 10.adj. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 11.adj. 典型的；有代表性的 12.adj. 明显的；明白的 13.n. 新生；复兴；复活 14.vt. 采用；采纳；收养 15.adj. 人道主义的 16.vt. 拥有；具有；支配 17.n. （尤作复数）所有；财产 18.adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的 19.n. 透视画法；透视图；观点 20.n. 技术；方法；技能 21.n. 巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合 22.巧合地 23.n. 杰作；名著 24.n. 印象主义；印象派 25.adj. 印象派的 n.印象派艺术家 26.adj. 后印象派的n. 后印象派艺术家 27.大量28.n. 阴影；影子 29.adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 30.adj. 争论的；争议的 31.n. 努力；尝试；企图vt. 尝试；企图 32.（可是）另一方面 33.vt. 预言；预告；预测 34.n. 风景；景色 35.adj. 确切的；特定的 36.n. 画像；身材；数字 37.n. 黏土 38.n. 评论家；批评者 39.n. 青铜；青铜色；青铜制艺术品 40.n. 大理石 41.vt. 雕刻；刻记 42.adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 43.n. 帆布；画布 44.n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 45.adj. 过敏性的；对……过敏的 46.adv. 有效地 47.n. 展览；陈列；展览会 48.adj.敢做敢为的;侵略的；好斗的 49.n. 学者 50.n. 肉；肌肉；肉体 51.活着的；本人 52.n. 几何学 53.n. 束；串 54.n. 林荫道；道路；大街 55.n. 喜爱；偏爱

高中英语人教版选修六知识点总结

选修六知识点 -----高二英语备课组 Unit 1 Art 1.achieve one’s aim 实现某人的目标without one’s aim 漫无目标的 with the aim of 意在…，以…为目标aim at doing sth /aim to do sth 意欲，力求做某事 be aimed at (doing) sth.目的在于…，旨在… 2.be typical of……是特有的，是典型的… E.g. It’s typical of him to forget. 3.be possessed of sth. 具有（某种品质或特征）be possessed with/by 被…控制 take the possession of sth 占有某物，拿到某物 in possession of /in the possession of 归…所有（用法与in charge of & in the charge of相同） 4.a great deal 大量（a great deal of 修饰不可数名词） 5.make an attempt to do/at doing sth 尝试做…at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事attempt to do/ at doing sth 尝试做某事 6. on the one hand…on the other hand （般指两个相反或相对的方面）一方面…另一方面 for one thing ..for another thing…常陈述情况一致的两个方面，用于解释原因，表列举 7.be worth doing = be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done 值得做… be well worth doing sth.（主动表被动）It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做… 8.have/lose faith in 对某人信任/失去对某人的信任 9.keep one’s figure 保持身材have a good figure 身材苗条figure out 算出，解决，理解 10. would rather do ..than…= would do …rather than… I would rather go on foot than take a bus.= I would go on foot rather than take a bus. 11. in preference to 优先于have a preference for 更喜欢… 12.appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣appeal for 恳求/呼吁… 13 win/earn reputation 赢得名声have a reputation for 以…而闻名. establish reputation 建立名誉 a good /bad reputation 好/坏名声 live up to one’s reputation 名不虚传…不负盛名… 14.动词不定式作后置定语： 1.用在序数词、形容词最高级后. E.g. He is the first to come here. 2.用在被序数词、形容词最高级、next、last、only等修饰的名词后. Eg. The best way to solve the problem is to make a plan. 15.more than + 数词表示“多于，超过”I have taught English more than 15 years. more than + 名词表示“不仅仅”The museum displays more than the visual delights of art. more than + 动词/形容词/副词表示“非常”I’m more than pleased to help you . more than + 句子表示“超过…的能力范围”The beauty is more than I can describe. 16. 句型what is known to us all is that…= it is known to us all that …= As is known to us all, … 17. 短语：It was evident that…很显然…It is predicted that …据预测…concentrate..on 集中，全神贯注于in perspective 用透视画法by coincidence 巧合地break away from 挣脱，脱离scores of 许多.in the flesh 活着的，亲自，本人 every two years= every second year = every other year 每2年be allergic to 对…过敏 be well worth a visit 很值得参观to be specific 具体地说be specific to 特有的；独特的attitude to/towards 对…的态度convince sb of sth /that…使某人相信… Unit 2 Poems 1．convey sth to sb 向某人表达/传递某物convey sb/sth from A to B把…从A地运送到B地2.take one’s time 不急，慢慢来take sth seriously 认真对待某事 take sth for granted 认为…理所应当 3.run out of 用完了…表示主动意义，run out …用完了，主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等We are running out of the money. = The money is running out. (钱快要用完了) 4.be made up of=be composed of =consist of由……组成

人教版高中英语选修6各单元课文原文

选修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values graduallv replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess t heir own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.

地理——选修六知识点总结

地理——选修六知识点总结 环境保护 1、水体污染（1）成因：①工业废水②农业废水③生活污水的排放④水体富营养化（水华/赤潮）⑤原油泄漏造成海洋污染⑥洋流的扩散作用（2）治理方案：①禁止污水未经处理随意排入江河②建立污水处理厂③政府加强立法保护和执法力度④建立统一管理体制⑤建立有效应急机制，做好清污工作（3）危害：①破坏生态环境②危害人体健康③生物多样性减少④造成水质型缺水⑤农作物减产 2、固体废弃物污染（1）成因：①人口数量大幅增多②近代工业化与城市化发展的结果③农业生产所丢弃（2）治理方案：①进行资源回收利用②提高资源利用率③减少城市垃圾总量④改变垃圾处理方式⑤垃圾分类处理⑥加强立法监督工作（3）危害：①占据大量土地②造成土地资源浪费③污染土壤、大气、水体④危及人体健康 3、大气污染（1）成因：自然：①北方降水少，植被覆盖率低，土地荒漠化严重，大风天气多②火山喷发人为：①工业废气污染②汽车尾气污染③建筑工地增多④矿石燃料的燃烧（2）治理方案：①关闭高污染企业②节约和提高能源利用率③开发利用新能源④控制汽车尾气排放⑤使用清洁能源⑥健全相关法律法规⑦改变能源消费结构⑧开发煤炭脱硫技术（3）

危害：①污染大气②可吸入颗粒物增多，造成雾霾天，危及人体健康③引发酸雨④导致光化学烟雾事件 4、淡水资源短缺（1）成因：自然：①淡水资源总量有限 ②淡水资源陆地分布不均（中国：时空分布不均）人为：①不合理开发利用淡水资源②淡水资源需求大③水体污染（水质型缺水）（2）解决方案：开源：①修筑水库②调节季节降水分布不均③跨流域调水④调节空间降水分布不均⑤合理开发提取地下水⑥废水处理再利用⑦研发海水淡化技术⑧人工降雨节流：①改进灌溉技术②影响工农业生产③破坏生态环境④损害人体健康 ⑤引发国际冲突 5、耕地问题（1）原因：①人口持续增长②土地退化现象严重③非农业用地占用农业用地④不合理灌溉和使用农药造成土壤污染⑤耕地分布不均（2）解决方案：①实行耕地总量不断减少措施②提高土地利用率③提高耕地质量④控制人口数量⑤提高单位亩产⑥合理灌溉使用农药⑦防止非农用地占用耕地⑧合理利用土地资源，防止土地退化（3）土地退化的防治：生物措施：①因地制宜，退耕还林，还草②恢复生态林③营造经济林④加强科学管理工程措施：①修筑水利工程②修筑水土保持工程农牧业措施：①等高耕作②施用有机肥料③适时耕作 6、矿产资源枯竭（1）原因：①人口数量持续增长②工业化，城市化的发展③矿产需求量大④采矿时采富弃贫⑤矿产分

新课标高中英语选修6课文-第一单元reading翻译

西方绘画艺术简史 艺术是受一个民族的风俗和信仰影响。西方艺术风格经历了多次变革。因为西方艺术多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本书只谈及从公元六世纪开始以来最重要的几种艺术风格。 中世纪(5到15世纪) 在中世纪时期,画家的主要目的是把宗教主题表现出来。这一时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这时的典型绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴和敬重。但是，13世纪时绘画观念在改变是显而易见的，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种更现实的方式来画宗教场景。 文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪） 在文艺复兴时期,新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品，这样就可以装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家不仅让他们画他们的活动和成就，还要他们画自己的肖像、房子和所有物。 在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事务。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。 印象派(19世纪后期到20世纪初期) 19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会转变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。 印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，很多人不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。 现代艺术(20世纪到今天) 在印象派作品的创建初期，他们是存在着争议的，但是如今已经被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么真实，看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画风格？

(完整word版)高中英语选修六课文原文

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高中数学知识点汇总：选修六

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新课标高一英语选修6单词表完整版

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选修六知识点归纳总结 ▲环境问题的表现：资源短缺，环境污染，生态破坏，全球环境变化 ▲环境问题产生的原因：（1）自然原因自然原因引起的环境问题，主要指火山爆发，地震，山崩，泥石流，台风，海啸，寒潮，水旱等自然界固有的自然灾害 （2）人为原因 1.资源的有限性与人类需求的无限性的矛盾（根本性的原因）2．短期经济利益与长远环境效益的矛盾3．局部利益与整体利益的矛盾4．个人行为和大众利益的矛盾 解决当代环境问题的关键是在尽可能短的时期内，控制世界人口的增长，使世界人口稳定在适度的规模 当代环境问题的特点： 1、危害的不可预见性 2、过程的不可逆性 3、规模的全球性 两种不同的环境观: 传统的环境观：人地关系：人地对立，基本观点：征服自然。后果：资源枯竭和环境破坏 新的环境观：天人合一，人地归一，保持平衡与协调。良性方向发展 可持续发展的概念和内涵 （1）概念可持续发展就是既满足当代人的需求，又不对后代人满足其自身需求能力构成危害的发展。它是一个涉及经济、社会、文化技术和自然环境的综合概念。 （2）基本思想①鼓励经济增长；②要保证资源的可持续利用和良好的生态环境；③谋求社会的全面进步。 （3）中国的可持续发展——《中国21世纪议程》 ▲水体富营养化:水体富营养化发生在淡水水体，称为“水华”；发生在海洋，称为“赤潮” 1、形成条件：较为封闭的海湾、湖泊等水体中，由于水体的流动性差，自净能力弱 河道中不的净化作用见课本 2、污染物：氮磷等植物营养元素 3、污染源：工业废水、生活污水、农业废水 4、危害——①水生植物和鱼类死亡②水质变坏③湖泊变沼泽 5、湖泊沼泽化本身是一种自然现象，进程缓慢。人类活动（水体富营养化与围湖造田）加快了这一进程 海洋石油污染 1、污染源：近海石油的开采、加工和运输，海上油轮泄漏 2、污染物：石油 3、危害： 直接危害：油污染能直接导致海鸟、海兽的毛、皮丧失防水和保温性能，或因堵塞呼吸和感觉器官而大量死亡。油膜和油块能粘住大量的鱼卵和幼鱼，并阻碍海藻的光合作用，底栖动物则还要受沉降到海底的石油的影响。 间接危害：石油在氧化分解过程中，因大量消耗水中的溶解氧，也会间接地对生物造成危害 4、常发区域：世界的主要港湾、主要航线附近、海上油井周围 5、怎样清除石油 ①分散：喷洒强效洗涤剂，不宜在近岸或渔场使用 ②沉降：撒粉状石灰，危害海底生物 ③吸收：利用麦秆等吸收石油，静水环境 ④围栏：小面积油污，静水环境 ⑤放任：任其自然分解 ⑥燃烧：油层达2mm，造成大气污染▲水污染的危害：①危害人体健康②降低农作物的产量和质量③影响渔业生产的产量和质量④制约工业的发展⑤加速生态环境的退化和破坏⑥造成经济损失 水污染的防治措施 （1）工业水污染防治对策 1.宏观性控制对策:优化产业结构与工业结构 2.技术性控制对策。如积极推行清洁生产，提高工业用水重复利用率，实行污染物排放总量控制 制度，促进工业废水与城市生活污水的集中 3.管理性控制对策，如完善法律法规，加大执法力度，健全环境监测网络 （2）城市水污染防治对策 1. 将水污染防治纳入城市的总体规划 2.城市废水的防治的防治应遵循集中与分散相结合的原则 3.在缺水地区应积极将城市水污染的防治与城市废水资源化相结合 4.加强城市地表和地下水源的保护 5.大力开发低耗高效废水处理与回用技术 （三）农村水污染防治对策 1.发展节水型农业 2.合理利用化肥和农药 3.加强对畜禽排泄物，乡镇企业废水及村镇生活污水的有效处理 固体废弃物（通常称为垃圾）是指在生产建设、日常生活和其他活动中产生的污染环境的固态、半固态废弃物质 城市垃圾的特点 1、数量大 2、品种多 3、变化大 当代垃圾产生的环境问题 1、自然环境对固体废弃物具有一定的自净能力，例如沙土掩埋、微生物分解等，使垃圾回归土壤 2、传统方式：用垃圾和粪便堆肥，使有机质回归土壤，不会造成环境污染 注意：上述两种方式，不能处理所有的固体废弃物。 3、固体废弃物的危害： ①污染大气②污染水体③污染土壤④占用耕地⑤影响环境卫生⑥危害人体健康 固体废弃物污染防治与综合利用 （一）固体废物减量化 1.对城市固体废物：逐步改变燃料结构，净菜进城、减少垃圾生产量，加强产品的生态设计，推行垃圾分类收集，搞好产品的回收、利用的再循环 2、对工业固体废物：淘汰落后生产工艺，推广清洁生产工艺，发展物质循环利用工艺 （二）固体废物资源化与综合利用 1.物质回收利用，如从废弃物中回收提取有用成分，如纸，重金属等 2.物质转换利用，如废渣生产建筑材料、水泥，进行堆肥，产生农肥，取代某种工业原料等 3.能量转换利用，如能有机废物的焚烧处理回收热量、发电，利用垃圾厌氧消化产生沼气 （三）固体废物的无害化处理处置 影响大气污染扩散和自净的因素： ⑴污染物排放量大小：若排放量小，则易扩散 ⑵气象条件：风速、风向、气温、湿度、云况、辐射等 凡是有利于增大风速、增强湍流的气象条件，都有利于污染物的扩散； 出现逆温天气，大气层异常稳定时，不利于大气污染物的扩散 ⑶地形：盆地、河谷地形，不利于污染物扩散

新课标高中英语选修6U1 art课文 翻译

艺术是受一个民族的风俗和信仰影响。西方艺术风格经历了多次变革。因为西方艺术多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本书只谈及从公元六世纪开始以来最重要的几种艺术风格。 中世纪(5到15世纪) 在中世纪时期,画家的主要目的是把宗教主题表现出来。这一时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这时的典型绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴和敬重。但是，13世纪时绘画观念在改变是显而易见的，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种更现实的方式来画宗教场景。 文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪） 在文艺复兴时期,新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品，这样就可以装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家不仅让他们画他们的活动和成就，还要他们画自己的肖像、房子和所有物。 在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事务。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。 印象派(19世纪后期到20世纪初期) 19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会转变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。 印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，很多人不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。 现代艺术(20世纪到今天) 在印象派作品的创建初期，他们是存在着争议的，但是如今已经被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么真实，看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画风格？