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高考英语七选五解题技巧

高考英语七选五解题技巧
高考英语七选五解题技巧

高考英语阅读之七选五

6大解题方法和10大解题技巧

高考英语阅读七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系,理解句子和段落之间的关系,对连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握,并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说,此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。

6大解题方法

1. 略读文章抓大意

以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句,以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分,以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。一般需花5~10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。

2. 重点阅读上下句

因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺,解题时大多只看上句,或只看下句,就可基本确定答案。

事实上,如果没有时间来得及通读或细读,或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂,建议通过以下技巧,也基本上可以得满分。

3. 看看结构变轻松

在解题过程中,除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外,通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小,心情变得更加轻松,一般可将7个选项缩小到2~4个选项,正确率大大提高。

①标题结构

若考查段落标题,先看看其他标题的语言形式,同一文章中的几个段落小标题基本上是同一语言形式。若其他标题是名词短语,该题答案也是名词短语;若其他标题是祈使句,该题的答案也是祈使句。如:1. The basic function of money.

Being explaining the basic function of money …

2. Money lessons.

Approach money lessons with openness…

②句子结构

如果正确选项只是某个句子的一个部分,就要看看空后这个部分是不是句子,如果是句子,看看是否有连词,如果没有连词,要选的正确选项就应是短语或是带有连词的从句。如:

Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs.

36 , buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. (2015新课标卷II)

A. After six days

B. For a good marathon runner

C. Before you begin your training

E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them

解析:从句式结构上看,逗号后是祈使句,没有连词,正确答案要么是带有连词的从句,要么是一个短语,只有A、B、C、E四个选项符合,这样就缩小了选择范围;根据空前句中的preparation (准备),和常识可知是“训练前”,故选C项。

4. 词语复现显神功

作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时,与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现,这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现;以同义词的形式重复出现,叫同义复现;以近义词或近义表达(意思相近,表达方式不同)的形式重复出现,叫近义复现;以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现,叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, parent的上义词,而teacher, parent就是adult的下义词)。

词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段,而七选五正是考查语篇衔接,因此,利用词语复现解七选五十分管用。如:

39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. (2015新课标卷I)

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

解析:要求选段落主题句。空后句三次出现victim一词, 七个选项中只有C中有victim,原词复现。将选项C“不要把自己当作受害者”代入空格处,与下文衔接紧密,故选C项。本段结构:总(总领)—分(细说)。

值得注意的是,有的题利用词语复现解题十分管用,但这并不意味着凡与上句或下句有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项,只是正确的可能性更大,在解题过程中需重点考虑或优选考虑。是否为正确答案,还得将含复现词的选项代入原文,看该选项与上下文是否真的衔接,只有上下衔接紧密的才是正确选项。如:38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. (2015新课标卷I)

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

解析:要求选段落主题句。不要因为选项B与空后句中都有confidence,原词复现就选B,也不要因为选项C中与空后句中都有yourself,原词复现就选C。选项A中的trust yourself与空格后的Having confidence in yourself(信任你自己)是同义复现,所以该选项是重点考虑对象;将选项A代入原文,上下句意为“学会真正地信任你自己。信任你自己有助于做出更好的选择……”语义衔接紧密,故选A。

5. 代词逻辑亦管用

我们知道,七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接,而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一,故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。如:

Try to solve the problem. After you’re calm and you have support from adults and friends, it’s time to get down to business. 74 Even if you can’t solve it all, you can solve a piece of it. (2012新课标卷)

D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.

E. You need to figure out what the problem is.

F. And don’t forget about your friends.

解析:本段主题句是“Try to solve the problem”,空后句又有solve it,其中it指什么?当然是the problem,因此,前句中一定会出现problem一词,七个选项中只有E项符合。

根据空格句与上下句之间的逻辑关系来解题,如解释关系(对前句或对主题的进一步解释)、并列关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系等。如:

● Get a coach

51 , so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that’s right for you.

C. Turn your back on too many rules

D. Check the rules about dos and don’ts

E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough

解析:由空后的so(因此,引出结果)可知,空处要填的应是“要得到帮助”的原因;选项E中public speaking is tough (当众演讲是困难的)正是寻求帮助的原因,故选E项。(因果逻辑关系)

6. 篇章需要基本功

有的题利用文章或段落的“总—分”结构关系来解,也很管用,但需要以下基本功:懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构通常是主题句(总)+支撑句(分)(分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等)。如:From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money, and time. 36 Money is a topic. I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. (2014新课标卷II)

A. Try new things.

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

解析:空前主题句中提到ability, money, time三个主要原因,空后提到了money与time, 所以这里应是谈ability, 故选B项。

众所周知,有问就有答,问什么就答什么。根据这一常识,对解题也很有帮助。如:

The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. (2014新课标卷I)

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?

G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

解析:由空后By doing sth. (通过做某事)这个表示方式的介词短语可知,此空应是一个以how开头的疑问句,故选D项。

此外,有时利用词语同现也有助于选出正确选项。所谓词语同现,就是有相互关联的词语在上下文中有同时出现的可能性。如school, teacher, student, headmaster, class, test, fall, pass, maths, learn等这些词就有可能在同一篇文章中同时出现。如:

Your children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?”(2014新课标卷I)

A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we can’t forget science education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

解析:与空后句中的ingredients(配料),pancakes(薄煎饼)可能同时出现的,只有选项A中的cook,故选A 项(鼓励孩子跟你一起烹饪)。

解题十大技巧

技巧一:从细节逻辑上判断---因果关系

在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子,明白这几句话的确切意思,然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上,判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。

因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系,这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果,thus/therefore因此,so (such)...如此…以至于等。

技巧二:从细节逻辑上判断---转折关系

转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转,则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。

表示转折关系的连接词有:However然而, nevertheless仍然,然而,不过, nonetheless尽管如此,依然,然而, still还;然而, though可是,不过,然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾,不管, at any rate无论如何,至少, in any case无论如何,不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么,on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来,比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则;除此以外,not---but不是-----而是,as well也等。

技巧三:从细节逻辑上判断---例证关系

前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样,但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系,用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。

技巧四:从细节逻辑上判断---递进关系

递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系,则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。

表示递进关系的连词有:also也, 而且, further另外(的);, furthermore而且,此外, likewise同样地,照样地;也,又, similarly相似地,类似地, moreover而且再者,此外, in addition另外,加之, what’s more更重要的是, too也,还, either也, neither两者都不, not only…but also不但…而且等。

技巧五:从细节逻辑上判断---平列关系

表示列举关系的有:first首先, 第一, second第二, third第三…; firstly第一, 首先, secondly第二(点);其次, thirdly第三…; first第一, next其次, then那么, 然后…; in the first place第一,首先, in the second place 第二, 其次…; for one thing首先,一则, for another thing其次…; to begin with首先,第一, to conclude首先,第一等

技巧六:从词汇线索上判断---代词

英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高,代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念,巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。

技巧七:从词汇线索上判断---同义词/近义词

英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义词甚至原词复现,这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。就其本质而言,上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。

技巧八:从词汇线索上判断---上下义词/同一范畴词

上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者,或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。

技巧九:从试题位置上判断---问题在段首

假如问题出现在段首,它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找同义词或其他相关的词,推断出主题句。

另外着重阅读后文第一两句,锁定线索信号词,然后在选项中查找相关特征词。

通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的,因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段,尤其当选项是几句话时。

技巧十:从试题位置上判断---问题在段尾

所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句,看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。

分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词,同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。

如果第一段的段尾是空白,要认真阅读,看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题,如果在段尾提出主题,会用一些信号词如转折词引出来,正确答案中应有这样的特征词。

段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词,如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语,选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。

高考英语必读:阅读理解7选5解题技巧大全

小编给你一个美联英语官方试听课申请链接:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4e5976096.html,/?tid=16-73374-0 1.观念转变和方法转变(closereading细读) 高考考察细读、辨别能力。 2.阅读的重要性 3.高考文章类型的分析(来源、内容、体裁) ①来源:一二年级课本、西方报刊杂志 ②从内容角度把44篇文章分类:社会科学为主,自然科学为辅,新的趋势是人文科学的文章。 文章的分类:(共44篇) (1)社会科学(SocialScience)有30篇 包括:政治学、经济学、社会学、传播学、教育学、心理学、历史学、人类学、文化学等 分析:政治学,从89-03没有出过题,因为西方和东方的意识形态存在差异性,避开敏感话题,没有出过; 经济学,每年至少一篇;教育学,隔年出一次;传播学,隔年出一次。 总结:泛读的重点——经济学、教育学、传播学、心理学。 (2)自然科学(NaturalScience)有10篇 10篇中,纯而有纯的自然科学很少,只有约4篇。命题集中在科学史方面。 出题的原则:一般性原则,公正性原则。

总结:泛读自然科学的文章,少读纯自然科学的文章,多读简介科学史的文章。奇速英语暑假网络互动直播课程,九天让你的英语成绩华丽转身,来不及的不是时间,而是行动,心动就马上行动,当你还在犹豫的时候,先报名的童鞋已经甩你很远了。 (3)人文科学,包括:文学、历史、哲学(还剩4篇) 分析:88--99年,11年中从未出过题。 文学评论—未来主义诗歌; 散文—雄心壮志; 散文—我这个人的一段心路历程; 讲幽默,题目有迷惑性。 总结:人文科学出题有抬头趋势。 ③从体裁角度把44篇文章分类:议论文、说明文、记叙文、应用文。 多读:议论文、说明文。(从来没有出现过记叙文,应用文只出过1篇) ④从语言上,以美国英语为主。 突显美国英语与美国文化,应该多了解一些美国的基本概况。最好有一幅美国地图。 4.新大纲中对于阅读理解的总体要求 ①阅读速度:(02年开始为4篇x5题)每篇文章略有增加,但增加不大。要求文章读得更细了,用closereading(细读)的方式击破高考阅读。比较适合的阅读速度为:45-50/分 ②八点阅读要求: (1)能够抓住文章中的主旨大意 (2)理解文章中的具体信息, (3)理解概念性的含义(concept), (4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申的能力(解体思路应尽量适应命题专家)

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卷别年份 语篇类 型 主题 标 题 设空位置 主题语 境 主题语境的内容 全国卷 Ⅰ 2019 说明文 人与自 然 新鲜空气对健康的益 处 有段首:2; 段中:3 2018 说明文 人与自 我 颜色在家居设计中的 作用 无 段首:1;段中:3; 段尾: 1 2017 记叙文 人与自 然 对野外宿营态度的转 变 无 段首:2; 段中:2;段尾: 1 全国卷 Ⅱ 2019 说明文 人与自 我 激发动力的方法无段首:1;段中:4 2018 说明文 人与自 我 晨练给人们带来的好 处 无 段首:2;段中:2;段尾: 1 2017 说明文 人与社 会 工作时如何不被打断无段首:1;段中:4 全国卷 Ⅲ 2019 说明文 人与社 会 建立健康有益的互动 交流 无 段首:1;段中:3;段尾: 1 2018 说明文 人与社 会 舞蹈的力量无 段首:2;段中:2;段尾: 1 2017 说明文 人与自 我 保持好的生活作息无 段首:1;段中:3;段尾: 1 [考纲解读] 《考试说明》对该题型命题目的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”。该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系,理解句子之间、段落之间的关系,对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握,并具备运用语法知识分析、理解长难句的能力。

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