大学英语四级考试长难句精讲课程讲义

四级长难句分析

在大学英语四级考试的阅读理解中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。

首先我们先来了解制造长句的几个要点

一词汇：核心词汇+普通词汇

二语法结构1．从句：定语、同位语、表语、宾语、状语2．并列结构3．插入语4．倒装5．强

调6．省略：分词作定语，独立主格结构

2008-6

1．But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming,and——without major technological breakthroughs——we can't do much about it.

2．Privacy economist Alessandro Acauisti has run a

series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful50-cents-off coupon(优惠卷)

3.The digital bread crumbs(碎屑)you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are,where you are and what you like. 2007-12

4.Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade,I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting my daughter’s experience.

6.While stepping back was difficult for me,it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps,putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. 2007-6

7.While you need to employ both to get to a finished result,they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.

9.The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”

12.Most likely,you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.

13.There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men.

14.Sometimes,when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus(相对于)right brain,or nature versus nurture(培育),I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.

15.Then one day a few years ago,out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations（愤怒）:I don’t talk about that anymore.

16.It took me10years to get back the confidence I had at19and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues.

2006-12

17.In fact,New York’s municipal water for more than

a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity.

18.Similarly,a magazine in England found that tap

water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were400times more expensive.

19.According to an article in The Street Journal,some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell,listing brands on the menu without prices,and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it.

20.Regardless of how it’s sold,the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health,our wish to appear cultivated,and even a longing for lost purity.

21.As we have seen,the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors,such as poor eating habits,smoking,and failure to exercise.

22.Imagine a person who is about the right weight,but does not eat very nutritious foods,who feels OK but exercises only occasionally,who goes to work every day,but is not an outstanding worker,who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk,and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts（血球数）,but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.

23.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely“not ill”and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs.

24.In recent years,however,some health specialists have begun to apply the terms“well”and“wellness”only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health.

25.Even people who have a physical disease or handicap(缺陷)may be“well,”in this new sense,if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. 26.And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living,the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.

2006-6

27.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time.

28.Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.

30.If Sept.11had never happened,the airport workers

英语四级阅读真题长难句解析18

英语四级阅读真题长难句解析18 86. As the trade winds lessen in strength, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃. (2006年6月) 【分析】本句为复合句。主句为the ocean temperatures rise。as 引导时间状语从句。现在分词短语causing…作伴随状语。as much as是比较结构，意为“和……一样”。 【译文】随着信风强度的减弱，海洋温度升高，导致了秘鲁寒流从东部流入，温度上升了5摄氏度。 87. The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. (2006年6月) 【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为The system was launched and has been hailed。介词as 在这里意为“作为，当作”。 【译文】州际公路体系最终在1956年开建，并被称道为那个世纪最伟大的工程之一。 88. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. (2006年6月)

大学英语四级试卷)

大学英语四级期末试卷 Part I: Multiple choice 20% Directions:For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank and mark A, B, C, or D on Answer Sheet. 1. Now that we’ve got a loan from the bank, our project is financially _____. A. constructive B. feasible C. favorable D. stiff 2. Due to his recent failure to meet the deadline, Jason is ____ from the list for promotion. . A. eliminated B. retreated C. pried D. wrenched 3. We need someone really ____ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.. A. crucial B. realistic C. essential D. efficient 4. I am pleased to hear of your job offer-all that hard work at school has obviously __. A. paid off B. taken its toll C. made a difference D. shown up 5. As a reporter, I was paid to __ into other people’s lives. A. pry B. convert C. blurt D. carve 6. The mayor promised to trim the city budget without cutting ___ services. . A. essential B. appropriate C. equivalent D. lucrative 7. The doctor ___ Billy’s operation with x-rays and special exercises to make him stronger. A. went after B. followed up C. started up D. took on 8. A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and__ increase its market power. A. therefore B. thereby C. hence D. further 9. You can ___ the video camera on a tripod (三脚架)，so that you don’t have to worry about holding it steady while you ask questions. A. withstand B. mount C. implement D. dwell 10. AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened America’s ___process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases. A. efficient B. stagnant C. intricate D. appropriate 11.___ students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production.. A. prospective B. responsible C. ethnic D. realistic 12.However, the new law, once passed, will ___ the Bridlintong agreement illegal by giving workers the right to join unions of their choice.. A. convert B. render C. cancel D. eliminate 13.This course focuses on the ____ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprise behaviour. A. conception B. combination C. application D. introduction 14.The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to ___ ground and air attacks. A. launch B. withstand C. contest D. contend

大学英语四级专项训练

大学英语四级专项训练——选词填空 （一） Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least. [A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly 、[F]professional [G]character [H]individuality [I] inspire [J] differently [K]expect [L]practical [M] recall [N] lose [O] ordinary （二） 、 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know they’re working f or a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.

英语四级四级长难句

四级长难句分析 在大学英语四级考试的阅读理解中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。 首先我们先来了解制造长句的几个要点 一词汇：核心词汇+普通词汇 二语法结构 1．从句：定语、同位语、表语、宾语、状语 2．并列结构 3．插入语 4．倒装 5．强调 6．省略：分词作定语，独立主格结构 2008-6 1．But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and —— without major technological breakthroughs —— we can't do much about it. 2. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one.

3．Privacy economist Alessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal people w ill surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠卷) 4. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to re construct who you are, where you are and what you like. 2007-12 4．The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. 5. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting my daughter’s experience. 6. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. 2007-6 7. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.

大学英语四级试卷-英语四级考试模拟题及答7

对此内容进行投票:(0)(0)

Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification(满意). It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. Television's variety becomes a narcotic(麻醉的), nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic (万花筒般的)exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps(篡夺;侵占) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite

大学英语四级(选词填空)专项训练汇编

2011年6月大学英语四级真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday. While elderly people __47__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __48__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research. Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __49__ straight through the night. More sleep in old age, however, is __50__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __51__ if they slept for longer periods, he said. “The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __52__ well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego. “It's __53__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __54__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __55__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __56__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.” 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47 N tend 48 L negative 49 H efficiently 50 B associated 51 A alert 52 J function/ 53 F definitely 54 O younger 55 E continuing56 G different 文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间？ 2010年12月英语四级考试真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology

历年大学英语四级真题阅读长难句分析(一)

历年大学英语四级真题阅读长难句分析 阅读是四级英语中重要的得分点和难点，对长难句的分析则决定了对阅读的彻底理解，也是学习语法，积累高级词汇、句型不可或缺的来源。而四级英语真题阅读部分均选自Times、Telegraph等著名外文报纸及杂志，其行文和词汇原汁原味，值得考生细细品味和灵活借鉴。准备2015年6月英语四级的同学们，还等什么?赶快学起来吧! 历年大学英语四级真题阅读长难句分析（1） 1. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. (1990. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】除了早期漂洋过海的旅行者或靠海谋生的人之外，对大多数人来说，大海是遥远的，没有必要提出太多问题，更别说思考大海海底的东西了。 【析句】复合句，本句主干为the sea was remote and there was little reason to...，and连接两个并列句子，两个句子之间又有with the exception of...作伴随状语，伴随状语中又包含who earned a living from the sea定语从句修饰others。最后是习惯let alone...,注意let alone后的动词形式与前面主句动词形式相同。 2. The first time that question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. (1990. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】当有人建议铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的海底电报光缆的时候，出于商业动机，人们才不得不首次回答这个问题“海底有什么东西”。 【析句】本句话的难点在于主从句成分的区分。主句为The first time was when the laying...was proposed, when引导表语从句，而that question had to be answered with...则是定语从句修饰the first time。 3. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. (1990. 阅读. Text 1)

大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案

2007年6月大学英语四级考试A卷试题以及答案 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Welcome to our club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。 标题：Welcome to our club 书写提纲： 1. 表达你的欢迎； 2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。 Welcome to English club! It could serve as a platform to show your outstanding abilities and help you develop a range of great skills. You can be involved in a variety of activities including staging musical dramas, holding group discussions and watching Oscar-winning movies. These extra-curricular activities could offer you ample opportunities. First, you active participation is helpful to strengthen the sense of responsibility and managing interpersonal relations. Second, various activities organized by us could raise your level of proficiency in English. A good command of English empowers you to enjoy decided competitive edge over your peers. You can file a written application to our staff office or email us via bonoo@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4e7910351.html,. The deadline for entries is Sept.25th. Come on, join us now! 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; Y(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10. complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Online Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person's personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain. The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750.000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And thai number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized. Identity theft is "an absolute epidemic," states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and

大学英语四级考试专项练习题：完形填空(一)

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4e7910351.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） In a telephone survey of more than 2，000 adults，21% said they believed the sun revolved (旋转)around the earth. An 71 7% did not know which revolved around 72. I have no doubt that 73 all of these people were 74 in school that the earth revolves around the sun; 75 may even have written it 76 at test. But they never 77 their incorrect mental models of planetary (行星的) 78 because their every day observations didn’t support 79 their teachers told them: People see the sun moving 80 the sky as morning turns to night，and the earth seems stationary (静止的) 81 that is happening. Students can learn the right answers 82 heart in class，and yet never combined them 83 their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the 84 personal understanding of the world can 85 side by side，each unaffected by the other. Outside of class，the student continues to use the 86 model because it has always worked well 87 that circumstance. Unless professors address 88 errors in students’personal models of the world，students are not 89 to replace them with the 90 one. 71.A.excessive B. extraC. additionalD. added 72.A.what B. whichC. thatD. other 73.A.virtually B. remarkablyC. ideallyD. preferably 74.A.learned B. suggestedC. taughtD. advised 75.A.those B. theseC. whoD. they 76.A.on B. withC. underD. for 77.A.formed B. alteredC. believedD. thought 78.A.operation B. positionC. motionD. location 79.A.how B. whichC. thatD. what 80.A.around B. acrossC. onD. above 81.A.since B. soC. whileD. for 82.A.to B. byC. inD. with 83.A.with B. intoC. toD. along 84.A.adult’s B. teacher’sC. scientist’sD. student’s 85.A.exist B. occurC. surviveD. maintain 86.A.private B. individualC. personalD. own 87.A.in B. withC. onD. for 88.A.general B. naturalC. similarD. specific 89.A.obliged B. likelyC. probableD. partial 90.A.perfectB. betterC. reasonableD. correct 【答案】： 71.C72.B73.A74.C75.D76.A77.B78.C79.D80.B 81.C82.B 83.A84.D85.A86.C87.A88.D89.B90.D 【答案解析】： 71.C四个答案都有“额外”的意思，但各有偏重。A重在表达“过量、超过正常的部分”;B是“在一类事物之外的额外部分”;D是“外加的”。因此只有C答案符合本题要求：“另外有7%的人不知道是谁绕着谁转。”

2018级综合英语(四级)教学计划

综合英语（四级）教学计划 （2020.03 —2020.07） 一、教学目的： 根据《大学英语课程教学要求》（试行）的要求，本课程旨在培养学生良好的学习方法和学习习惯，全面训练学生的听、说、读、写、译等基本技能，在帮助学生巩固语言基础的同时，提高英语的语言应用能力，为本学期参加四级考试的学生，进行四级强化训练，为学生在全国大学英语四级统考中取得较好成绩打下基础。 本课程针对非英语专业学生在备考大学英语四级考试过程中的薄弱之处，以强化词汇和听力为出发点，系统梳理CET-4的考试标准和题型，并对各种题型进行高频考点分析，以帮助考生在备考过程中对症下药，攻克弱项，顺利通关。 二、教学任务 1. 教材及复习资料： （1）四级真题（2018.6-2019.12）指定版本为： 《星火英语艾考黑旋风试卷全真试题+标准模拟》（12套真题+5套模拟+30篇作文+12套听力+6套刷题卷4级备战2020.6），上海交通大学汪开虎主编；书号：ISBN 978-7-313-08670-9； （2）《大学英语四级制胜兵法》，主编，黄玮，中山大学出版社； （3） B1班三个五千单词-2018级上、下。 注： 1) 2018.6-2019.12真题，只要求完成其中带听力的八套真题，即每次四级考试的第1、 2套，其余4套不作要求。 老师需自行购买最新的部门规定版本的四级真题（开学报销），同时也要求学生必须人手一份，无法购买真题的老师和学生可以先下载部门提供的扫描版并自行打印。 2）各班必须统一使用《大学英语四级制胜兵法》进行四级备考训练，请任课老师布置学生自行购买（当当网和京东均有销售），人手一册，任课老师可在恢复正常上课后到大英办公室领取。 2.教学任务 本学期综合英语（四级）每周授课4学时，总授课时间为68学时，分为两个模块进行授课：模块一（阅读+写作）和模块二（听力+翻译），每周各占2个学时，分别由两位老师授课。