模具设计外文翻译

外文原文

Abstract：Die designing is a demanding and hard work．To design a separate die for each product is time consuming and expensive task．This paper presents an idea of sets of standard reference dies．it gives a concept of flexible die designing using a reference standard die designed in a popular commercial CAD／CAM software—Pro／Engineer．Rather than designing a separate die for each part，just update the die design by selecting the die dimensions as required．The use of this concept will prove to reduce time and cost of product in manufacturing industry．

Key words：die；flexible die designing system ；standardization；Pro/E；secondary development

At present, the industrial developed countries and regions in the mold industry has been gradually standardize and serialization. In China, although the majority die within the enterprises have business standards, but generally not high degree of standardization, standardization of stamping die in the die-limited parts of the parts. To achieve real savings stamping die design time and shorten the processing cycle, cost savings, reduce design and manufacturing staff workload purposes, it needs to develop a flexible stamping die design system. At the same time, stamping die serialization of the scope of standardization and can not be confined to die-part of the fixed panels, boards, the top plate unloading device commonly used components such as stamping or even die structure, we should achieve serialization and standardization.

As CAD / CAM technology in the design and manufacture die in the course of extensive application, it should first be standardized stamping die from the CAD system began. Some large-scale commercialization of the CAD / CAM software, such as Pro / E, UG, and so on. Have developed a specialized injection mold design package. And stamping die design for the special software, users need to be developed.

l The application tools Pro / E in stamping die design flexibility in the system development

Pro / Engineer by the United States has developed a set of PTC CAD / cAM / CAE software. Pro / E using a single database And feature-based, the design parameters of the model, provides users with 1 The development is very convenient for stamping die flexible system of tools juice

1.1 Family Table

Fanaily Fable known as the Family Table, the structure used to create the same or similar parts of the size and characteristics of the standardized database tables, is devoted to the establishment of a standard parts library tool. The use of the former

first family table to create a generic representation of the components (the generic), according to the need to target and then added to the family table a series of management.

Family sheet management can be the object of a size (dimension), features (feature), parameters (parameter) and assembly parts (component), and so on.

A family table can have multiple levels, that is a generic parts can contain multiple sub-components (instance, also known as examples), and each Instance can contain their own Sub Instance. Discharge screw (stripper-bolt) the family table structure as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Family Table hierarchy

1.2 Relations

Relations (relations) between mathematics and procedures, including grammar, and its main role is to be part or assembly of the relevance of the data by size symbols, and other parameters of grammar (syntax) to establish mathematical formula to meet the design requirements. Pro / E system of relations can be found in Sketch, Feature, Part and in the Assembly. Simple sentence, judgement and sentence is to establish relations of common format. Simple sentence that a simple mathematical relationship between the size of direct response associated situation. The use of simple format, such as d6 = L. BP 1 2 * d3. Judgement on the sentence for certain occasions, by specifying conditions to express design intent, grammar structure: "IF… ENDIF" or "IF… ELSE… ENDIF" in the "ELSE… ENDIF" between conditional statements can be multi-nested. Relations in the standardization and flexible stamping die design system in the building process plays a very important role, it has decided to parts of the geometric shape and characteristics of relations between the digital Xiao, parts

relations between the assembly and parts assembly in the presence of middle - A number of features.

1.3 Pro／Program

Pro / Program (program) is the Pro / E of a procedural tool, similar to its grammar VBA and Office software in the Macro (Acer). When users use of Pro / engineer to design .The product of various kinds of information to document the format will be recorded. Through the Pro / Progran document editing, can be achieved on the characteristics of the hide, delete and re-order the assembly of components to add and replacement operation. These features stamping dies for the establishment of standard parts library, standards and flexible design structure of the system is very useful.

Program files in the structure can be broadly classified into the title, set of parameters relationship, to add features (parts) and updating the quality attributes, such as five parts. In "INPUT… END INPUT" Xiao located between the parameters of the "RE1 ATIONS… ENDREALATIONS" relations between the various add in the "ADD… END ADD" and added features (part module) or parts (assembly module). Pro / Program provides three types of parameters: NUMBER (numerical) STRING (string) and YES-NO (it).

2. Standards moldbase of the development

2.1 Standards moldbase Classification and organizations

Die-stamping die is an important part. The typical model-there are three types: rear-guided-mode (back pillar sets), the middle-guided-mode (center pillar sets) and the guided-mode-angle (diagonal pillarsets). Each type of die-also includes a variety of specifications. According to Die boundary demarcation size, rear-guided, in a L ×B-22 specifications, D0 specifications 6 (L = B), middle-guided, in the nine-D0 specifications, the guided-mode-Kok L × B specifications 7 [2-3].

In order to facilitate the management and data calls, the standard mode of the directory of the best-established in the Pro / E installation directory. As three categories-the larger structural differences, it may die-the root of the establishment of three other subdirectories, each subdirectory contains all the component parts-mode, and each type of parts can be adopted Pro / E Software for the family table, and tools

such as the establishment of standard procedures for the database.

2.2 Standards moldbase library building

Die-stamping die from the main mode on the Block (upper.shoe), nder-Block (1 ower.shoe), I. column (guide.pillar) and I. Case (guidebushing), and other components. In order to make structural integrity of mold, can also die stalk (shank) assembly to die-in. Here are rear-die I.Establishment of the standard method.

First of all the various components to create three-dimensional model, and then the standard manual data in the table a series of symbolic dimension added to the group on January 1 Editor (can also use Excel for editing). Add in the size of symbols, Size will be the best symbol to revise the manual and the size of the same symbol. Because people can not distinguish between Table Capitalization is, when both the same size letters, proposed to use capital letters to distinguish between pairs of characters, such as that for the d D, and D that will become a DD.

Standard on two-Block: When the L ×B> 200 mm ×160 mn-i have installed Boss, and when L × B is less than or equal to the scope of non-installation of Boss, shown in Figure 2. Determine whether Boss in two ways: one way is to use Family Table, will generate the Boss Extrude Offset two characteristics and the way to Feature added to the family table, and in these two characteristics of the list Enter in the "Y" or "N", to determine the specifications of a certain mode on the Block, whether these two features; Another method is to find these two features in the Pro / Program in the location and characteristics of the process to add Extrude His statement before the judge "IF L> 200 1 B> 160", adding the Offset characteristics of the procedures used "END IF" the end of judgement.

Figure2. die on the ground in two types

2.3 The establishment of Standards moldbase for

In Pro / Assembly in the same module can be generated by the use of family die-standard database. Family structure in the assembly, when selected COrnponent, select the mode of all the parts-and enter a different group in the table-model specifications required by the standards of sub-components of the name, as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 rear-guided, in the standard mode of Family Table

Common mode handles four types: pressure-in-stalk, the flange-stalk, Screw-mode and floating stems die stalk. If the four types of module assembly to handle all the common-mode model (Figure 3 in the assembly only two kinds), in the group table by the need to enter the module handles parts of the name, set the parameters of INPUT, with Regenerate Called when the parameters of renewable order to choose the mode of different types of handles. Of course, people can also die of the table do not have to handle characters with "N" to curb, as shown in Figure 3-mode system is used in this method.

3 The development of standard stamping die

3.1 The typical combination of stamping die

Stamping die in the larger structural differences and establish flexible stamping die design systems using the best combination of the typical mold. Use of combinations to determine the structure of the typical mold of the structure, and thus determine the composition of the various components die sizes and assembly relations. Commonly used combination of stamping die typical structure: a fixed combination

of unloading, Tanya unloading combinations, composite model portfolio, such as plate-portfolio. Mold can not be separated from the structure of ISO standardization of parts, in the Pro / Engineer Dies in the standardization of parts can be used in the design of the bottom-up approach can also be used top-down design.

3.2 die in the process of assembling data transfer

Because of complicated, so stamping die by the standardization of the factors to consider-Modulus than standardized by many more factors to consider, one of the most important factor is the size of the correlation between the components. In the mold of a standard combination, assembly and components, parts and components between the need for data transmission, and in the Pro / Assembly can be very easy to achieve this objective.

3.2.1 by the assembly of components to the data transfer

Pro / Program can use the assembly EXECUTE statement will be down the parameters in a sub-assembly or parts delivery, the use of syntax is as follows: EXECUTE PART / ASSEMBLY file name components or sub-assembly of the parameters in the assembly of = END EXECUTE EXECUTE statement parameters can not leapfrog data transmission, not by the assembly to sub-assembly of components in the direct transmission of data.

3.2.2 data transfer between the components

When added to the assembly of components are in a Id, it can complete the assembly of components between the data transfer. Id assembly of components, can be used in the menu RELATIONs Session Id command to query. Figure 4 is the combination of Tanya discharge standards in the spring of unloading assembly diagram. As assembly to die in the spring have a pre-compression and thus the length of its assembly (Hs) are no longer equal to the length of freedom (H.). In determining H, you can use the following mathematical relationship:

Hs:38= L:32一tbp:0

In this way can always guarantee equal to the length of spring assembly from the surface to Dianban discharge board under the surface height, thus eliminating the relevant parts were replaced after the size of Laws. In the design of this mold is very practical, because the mold assembly in a similar situation there are many. Again, in determining the discharge screw on the seat-hole diameter (dI34), they can use the

following mathematical relationship：

d134:8=D:32+2

This Id, established by the mathematical relationship between the need to use Regenerate order to take effect, so different parts on the size of the location of as little as possible in this way, so as not to die in the initial call model will appear at the wrong result will be displayed. But if the parts in between and parameters to transfer data, the location of the various components of size parameters to create a mathematical relationship, the trouble can be avoided.

3.2.3 standard replacement parts

Family Table used to establish the standard parts can lookup. inst Replacement statement. Lookup inst allows users to find the standard parts that match the sub-components, if not find the results, then return to a generic [4 J.

Lookup．inst ：

lookup inst(generic—name，match-mode，param

namel，match—valuel，param-name2，match—value2

…)

One match. preferred mode of three, representing different meanings: one is to find parameters of less than or equal to find the value of components; parameter values 0 to find an exact match to find value of the sub-components; to find parameters of greater than or equal to find value The sub-components.

3.3 structure of the assembly

Die parts to complete the establishment and rationalize the assembly relations between the components, you can generate mold assembly model. Figure 5 for the development of the author Tanya unloading combination of specifications for the 200 mm × 160 mm of die structure (omit all the characteristics of thread).

3.4 stamping die call

Stamping die in the Pro / Assembly call directly, but also can be used Pro / TOOLKIT development of visual user interface to call. Pro / TOOLKIT Pro Ecuador is the second development system software package, its main purpose is to allow

users or third parties through the expansion of C code Pro / E function, based on the development of Pro / E system of application modules to meet user Special needs. Pro/T00LKIT use of the UI dialog, the menu VC + + and Visual Interface technology, designed to facilitate flexible and practical stamping die design system for interactive interface. Use interface called the structure of various stamping dies, the choice of different specifications of the parts, enter a different parameters to determine sheet parameters as well as their positioning in the mold, and further in the system design punch, die and other structures, Thus greatly enhance the efficiency of stamping die design.

4 Conclusion

Since stamping process a wide range of complex processes, and the shape of various parts die, stamping dies in achieving standardization and development of flexible design system and the process is very complicated, but flexible stamping die design system of stamping die CAD is to improve the level of the cornerstones . Pro / E powerful components, the assembly of the criteria for the establishment of the functions of stamping dies for the standardization and flexible design of the feasibility of developing systems to provide a strong guarantee. In the development of flexible design system, should ingenious application of Pro / E software provided by an effective tool, considering the different types of standard structural composition of the assembly relations. Between the parts and components meet requirements of size structure changes, and the best use RELATIONS Pro / Program prepared by the mathematical relations systems and procedures to increase the flexibility and practicality. Die flexible design and application development system to avoid a mold designers unnecessary duplication of labor, so that the programme will focus on the concept, process optimization, and other creative work, thus mold the rapid design and production standards have a practical application Significance.

外文资料翻译译文

摘要：模具设计是一个苛刻的辛勤工作。单独的设计每一个模具产品是费时和昂贵的工作。本文提出了一种想法套标准模具. 介绍了应用模具设计软件——Pro／Engineer开发冲压模具柔性设计系统的具体方法，先建立模具零部件的标准数据库，调用标准零件生成典型的冲压模具组合。不是为每个部分单独的模具设计，只是更新选择所需的模具尺寸的模具设计。这一概念的使用证明，可以减少在制造业产品的时间和成本。

关键词：冲压模具；柔性设计系统；标准化；Pro／E；；二次开发目前，工业发达国家和地区，在模具行业已逐渐标准化和系列化。在中国，虽然多数模具企业内部有企业标准，但标准化程度普遍不高，冲压模具在模具零件的标准化也仅限于部分零件。为了实现节省冲压模具设计时间，缩短加工周期，节约成本，降低设计和制造工作人员的工作量的目的，它需要制定一个冲压模具的柔性设计系统。与此同时，冲压模具的系列化和标准化的范围不能局限于固定板，电路板，装卸设备常用的组件，如冲压，甚至是冲压模具结构，要实现系列化和标准化。在广泛应用过程中的设计和制造模具的CAD / CAM技术，它首先应该是标准化，从CAD系统的冲压模具开始。一些大规模的商业化CAD / CAM软件，如Pro/ E，UG等。已制定了专门的注塑模具的设计方案。和冲压模具设计特殊的软件，用户需要开发。

1. Pro/E在冲压模具柔性设计系统开发中的应用工具

Pro／Engineer是由美国 PTC公司开发的一套 CAD／cAM／CAE软件。Pro ／E采用单一的数据库以及基于特征的、参数化的设计模式，为用户提供了十分方便的开发冲压模具柔性设汁系统的工具。

1.1 Family Table

fanaily称为“家庭表，结构，Family Table称为“组表”用于创建标准化数据库表的大小和特点相同或相似的部分，致力于建立标准件库工具。使用族表创建一个通用的组件（泛型）然后根据目标的需要，然后添加到族表中进行一系列的管理。

族表管理的对象有大尺寸 (dimension)、特征(feature)、参数 (parameter)和装配部件 (component)等。

一个族表可以有多个层次，即一个通用的部件可以包含多个子组件（instance，又称作为实例），并且每个实例可以包含自己的子实例。卸料螺钉

（stripper—bolt）族表结构如图1所示。

图1 Family Table的层次结构

1.2 Relations

数学和程序之间的Relations（关系），包括语法，它的主要作用是将零件或装配中的尺寸符号和语法（syntax）建立的数学公式，以满足设计的需求。Pro / E的系统中的关系，可以可存在于 Sketch、Feature、Part及 Assembly中。简单的句子，判断和句子是建立关系的常见格式。简单的一句话，一个简单的数学关系之间的大小直接反应相关情况。

使用简单的格式，如 d6=L．BP一2*d3。判断句适合于一些特定的场合，通过指定的条件来表达设计意图，语法结构的“else...endif”的条件语句之间的判断：“如果......endif”的或“IF ... ELSE...endif”的可多套。

在关系在冲压模具标准化与柔性设计系统的建立过程中起着非常重要的作用，它已决定部分的几何形状和特征之间的位置关系，零件之间的装配和零件装配中存在的关系以及部件是否存在于装配体中等多项功能。

1.3 Pro / Program

Pro／Program(程序)是 Pro／E提供的一个可程序化的工具，其语法的VBA和Office软件中的Macro（宏）类似。当用户使用Pro/ ENGINEER的设计。该产品的各种信息记录格式将被记录。通过Pro/Progran的文件编辑，可以实现隐藏的特点，删除并重新订购装配组件的添加和更换操作。冲压模具的标准件库，标准和灵活的系统设计结构的建立这些功能是非常有用的。

程序文件的结构大致可分为设置的参数关系的称号，以增加新的特征（部件）和更新质量属性，这五个部分。在“INPUT…END INPUT”之间进行设嚣参数；在“RE1 ATIONS…ENDREALATIONS”之间添加各种关系；在“ADD…END ADD”之

间添加特征(part模块 )或部件 (assembly模块 )。Pro / Program的提供了三

种类型的参数：NUMBER(数值 )、STRING(字符串)和 YES—NO(是否)。

2标准模架的发展

2.1标准模架的分类和组织

模具冲压模具的重要组成部分。典型的模式有三种类型：后侧导柱模架 (back pillar sets)、中间导柱模架 (center pillar sets)和对角导柱模架(diagonal pillar sets)。每种类型的模架又包括有多种规格尺寸。按照凹模周界尺寸大小划分，后侧导柱模架有 L×B规格 22种、D0规格 6种(即 L=B时)，中间导柱模架 D0规格 9 种，对角导柱模架 L×B规格 7种[2-3]。

为了便于数据的调用与管理，最好在Pro / E的安装目录建立目录的标准模式。由于三类较大的结构性差异，它可能会死设立其他三个子目录的根，每个子目录包含了所有零部件模式，每种类型的零件可以通过Pro / E软件为族表，关

系和程序等工具建立标准数据库。

2.2 标准模架库建设

模具冲压件从模具上的主要模式座（upper.shoe），下模座(1ower．shoe)、导柱(guide．pillar)和导套 (guide bushing)等组成。为了使模具结构的完整性，也可以将模柄(shank)装配到模架中。下面介绍后侧导柱模架标准库的建立方法。首先对各零件进行三维建模，，然后将标准手册数据表中的系列尺寸符号一一添加到族表编辑器中 (也可利用 Excel进行编辑)。在添加尺寸符号前，最好将尺寸符号修改到与手册中的尺寸符号一致。因为族表不能区分字母的大小写。当两个同样大小的字母同时存在时，建议使用大写字母来区分之间的字符，如将 d 表示为 D，而将 D表示成为 DD。标准上模座有两种情况：当L×B>200 mm×160 mn-i，时已经安装了凸台，而当L×B 小于或等于该范围时无法安装凸台，如图2所示。确定是否安装凸台的方法有两种：一种方式是使用族表，将产生凸台拉伸和偏移两个特点和功能添加到族表，并在这两个特点的名单输入“Y”或“N“用来确定一个模座是否具有该特征;另一种方法是找到这两个特证，在Pro / Program中的位置，并在添加拉伸特征的程序前增加一行判断语句“IF L>200 1 B>160”，在添加的偏移特征的程序后用“END IF”结束来判断。

2.3标准模架库的建立

在 Pro／Assembly模块中可以产生的族表生成模具的标准数据库。在构造装配族表时，选用cornponent，选择的模架中的所有零部件，并在族表中输入所需的不同规格模架中需要的标准件的子零件的名称，如图3所示。

图 3 后侧导柱标准模架Family Table结构

常见的模式处理四种类型：压入式模柄、凸缘模柄、旋入式模柄和浮动模柄。如果模块组装四种类型来处理所有常见的模式模型（图3）在装配只有两种组中的表，需要输入所用到的模柄子零件的名称，设置输入参数，再生调用Regenerate命令的可再生时的选择不同参数来确定不同的模柄类型。当然，也可以在族表中将不需要的模柄用字符“N”来停止，如图所示的模架系统就是采用的这方法。

3. 标准冲压模具中结构库的开发

3.1 冲压模具的典型组合

冲压模具在较大的结构性差异和建立柔性冲压模具设计系统使用的典型模具组合。以确定结构的典型模具结构，从而确定各部件模具尺寸和装配关系的组

成。常用的冲压模具的典型结构：固定卸料组合、弹压卸料组合、复合模组合、导板模组合等。Pro / Engineer中的模具零部件的标准化，可用于在自下而上的方法设计模具零件的标准化，也可以采用自上而下的设计。

3.2 模具装配过程中的数据传递

由于模具结构复杂，因此在冲压模具的结构设计中更多的要考虑的因素是模具结构的标准化，冲压模具中最重要的因素之一是组件之间的尺寸相关。在模具标准组合，装配和组件，部件和组件之间的数据传输，而在 Pro／Assembly 中可以很容易实现这一目标。

3.2.1 由装配体向部件的数据传递

Pro／Program可以利用 EXECUTE语句将装配体中的参数向下一级的子装配体或部件传递，使用的语法格式为：EXECUTE PART／ASSEMBLY文件名部件或子装配体中的参数=装配体中的参数 END EXECUTE EXECUTE语句不能越级传递数据，语句不能由装配体向其子装配体中的零件直接传递数据。

3.2.2 数据传输组件之间的

当部件添加到装配体中都有一个 Id号，使用它可以完成装配部件之间的数据传递。装配部件的Id号可以用 RELATIONs菜单中的 Session Id命令来进行查询。如图即是在弹压卸料组合标准中装配卸料弹簧的示意图。由于装配到模具中的弹簧已有一定的预压缩量，因此它的装配长度(Hs)已不再等于自由长度(H。)。

工业设计专业英语英文翻译

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Interaction design Moggridge Bill Interaction design，Page 1-15 USA Art Press, 2008 Interaction design (IxD) is the study of devices with which a user can interact, in particular computer users. The practice typically centers on "embedding information technology into the ambient social complexities of the physical world."[1] It can also apply to other types of non-electronic products and services, and even organizations. Interaction design defines the behavior (the "interaction") of an artifact or system in response to its users. Malcolm McCullough has written, "As a consequence of pervasive computing, interaction design is poised to become one of the main liberal arts of the twenty-first century." Certain basic principles of cognitive psychology provide grounding for interaction design. These include mental models, mapping, interface metaphors, and affordances. Many of these are laid out in Donald Norman's influential book The Psychology of Everyday Things. As technologies are often overly complex for their intended target audience, interaction design aims to minimize the learning curve and to increase accuracy and efficiency of a task without diminishing usefulness. The objective is to reduce frustration and increase user productivity and satisfaction. Interaction design attempts to improve the usability and experience of the product, by first researching and understanding certain users' needs and then designing to meet and exceed them. (Figuring out who needs to use it, and how those people would like to use it.) Only by involving users who will use a product or system on a regular basis will designers be able to properly tailor and maximize usability. Involving real users, designers gain the ability to better understand user goals and experiences. (see also: User-centered design) There are also positive side effects which include enhanced system capability awareness and user ownership. It is important that the user be aware of system capabilities from an early stage so that expectations regarding functionality are both realistic and properly understood. Also, users who have been active participants in a product's development are more likely to feel a sense of ownership, thus increasing overall satisfa. Instructional design is a goal-oriented, user-centric approach to creating training and education software or written materials. Interaction design and instructional design both rely on cognitive psychology theories to focus on how users will interact with software. They both take an in-depth approach to analyzing the user's needs and goals. A needs analysis is often performed in both disciplines. Both, approach the design from the user's perspective. Both, involve gathering feedback from users, and making revisions until the product or service has been found to be effective. (Summative / formative evaluations) In many ways, instructional

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文献出处：A Dehghani. The application of digital printing in fashion design [J]. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 2015, 16(2): 263-271. 原文 The application of digital printing in fashion design A Dehghani Abstract The appearance of digital printing for textiles printing provides a new train of thought, digital printing with the current textile fabric printing a variety of requirements of the market of printing technology, including high quality printing precision, high efficiency of printing on reaction time and the printing of the diverse demand, these advantages directly promoted the digital ink jet printing in the rapid development of textile fabric printing direction. In this paper, the design method of the digital printing design of different style and means of decoration and design method in the fabrics for summary, it is concluded that digital printing design cuttings in fabric printing, clothing apparel printing method and the application of the traditional fabric secondary design and decorative effect. Through the above research, digital printing and garment design and garment style between the relationships between the shapes, thereby further to bring into full play the advantages of

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DESIGN and ENVIRONMENT Product design is the principal part and kernel of industrial design. Product design gives uses pleasure. A good design can bring hope and create new lifestyle to human. In spscificity,products are only outcomes of factory such as mechanical and electrical products,costume and so on.In generality,anything,whatever it is tangibile or intangible,that can be provided for a market,can be weighed with value by customers, and can satisfy a need or desire,can be entiled as products. Innovative design has come into human life. It makes product looking brand-new and brings new aesthetic feeling and attraction that are different from traditional products. Enterprose tend to renovate idea of product design because of change of consumer's lifestyle , emphasis on individuation and self-expression,market competition and requirement of individuation of product. Product design includes factors of society ,economy, techology and leterae humaniores. Tasks of product design includes styling, color, face processing and selection of material and optimization of human-machine interface. Design is a kind of thinking of lifestyle.Product and design conception can guide human lifestyle . In reverse , lifestyle also manipulates orientation and development of product from thinking layer.

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