5学原理》（微观）第五版测试题库（06）曼昆经济学原理第五版测试题库（微观）

5学原理》（微观）第五版测试题库（06）曼昆经济学原理第

五版测试题库（微观）

Chapter 6

Supply, Demand, and Government Policies

TRUE/FALSE

1. Economic policies often have effects that their architects did not intend or anticipate.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-0

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Public policy MSC: Definitional

2. Rent-control laws dictate a minimum rent that landlords may charge tenants.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 6-0

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Rent control

MSC: Definitional

3. Minimum-wage laws dictate the lowest wage that firms may pay workers.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-0

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Minimum wage

MSC: Definitional

4. Price controls are usually enacted when policymakers believe that the market price of a good or service is

unfair to buyers or sellers.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-0

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price controls MSC: Definitional

5. Price controls can generate inequities.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-0

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price controls MSC: Definitional

6. Policymakers use taxes to raise revenue for public purposes and to influence market outcomes.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-0

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Taxes

MSC: Definitional

7. If a good or service is sold in a competitive market free of government regulation, then the price of the good or service adjusts to balance supply and demand.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Prices

MSC: Definitional

8. At the equilibrium price, the quantity that buyers want to buy exactly equals the quantity that sellers want to

sell.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Prices

MSC: Definitional

9. A price ceiling is a legal minimum on the price at which a good or service can be sold.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Definitional

10. A price ceiling set above the equilibrium price is not binding.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Interpretive

371

372 Chapter 6/Supply, Demand, and Government Policies

11. If a price ceiling is not binding, then it will have no effect on the market.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Interpretive

12. To be binding, a price ceiling must be set above the equilibrium price.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Interpretive

13. A price ceiling set below the equilibrium price is binding.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Interpretive

14. A price ceiling set below the equilibrium price causes quantity demanded to exceed quantity supplied. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings | Shortages MSC: Interpretive

15. A price ceiling set above the equilibrium price causes quantity demanded to exceed quantity supplied. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Interpretive

16. A binding price ceiling causes quantity demanded to be less than quantity supplied.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings | Shortages MSC: Interpretive

17. A price ceiling set below the equilibrium price causes a shortage in the market.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings | Shortages MSC: Interpretive

18. A price ceiling set above the equilibrium price causes a surplus in the market.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Interpretive

19. A binding price ceiling causes a shortage in the market.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings | Shortages MSC: Interpretive

20. When a binding price ceiling is imposed on a market for

a good, some people who want to buy the good

cannot do so.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings | Shortages MSC: Interpretive

21. Long lines and discrimination are examples of rationing methods that may naturally develop in response to a binding price ceiling.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Interpretive

22. Price ceilings are typically imposed to benefit buyers.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Interpretive

Chapter 6/Supply, Demand, and Government Policies 373 23. Binding price ceilings benefit consumers because they allow consumers to buy all the goods they demand at a

lower price.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Interpretive

24. All buyers benefit from a binding price ceiling.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Interpretive

25. A binding price ceiling may not help all consumers, but it does not hurt any consumers.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Interpretive

26. When the government imposes a binding price ceiling on

a competitive market, a surplus of the good arises,

and sellers must ration the scarce goods among the large number of potential buyers.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings | Shortages

MSC: Definitional

27. The rationing mechanisms that develop under binding price ceilings are usually inefficient.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings | Efficiency

MSC: Interpretive

28. Price is the rationing mechanism in a free, competitive market.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Prices

MSC: Interpretive

29. Prices are inefficient rationing devices.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Prices | Efficiency

MSC: Interpretive

30. When free markets ration goods with prices, it is both efficient and impersonal.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Prices | Efficiency

MSC: Interpretive

31. When a free market for a good reaches equilibrium, anyone who is willing and able to pay the market price can buy the good.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Prices

MSC: Interpretive

32. If a price ceiling of $2 per gallon is imposed on gasoline, and the market equilibrium price is $1.50, then the

price ceiling is a binding constraint on the market.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Applicative

33. If a price ceiling of $1.50 per gallon is imposed on gasoline, and the market equilibrium price is $2, then the

price ceiling is a binding constraint on the market.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Applicative

374 Chapter 6/Supply, Demand, and Government Policies

34. A price ceiling caused the gasoline shortage of 1973 in the United States.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Interpretive

35. One common example of a price ceiling is rent control.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Rent control

MSC: Definitional

36. The goal of rent control is to help the poor by making housing more affordable.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Rent control

MSC: Definitional

37. Economists argue that rent control is a highly efficient way to help the poor raise their standard of living. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics

TOP: Economists | Rent control MSC: Interpretive

38. Because supply and demand are inelastic in the short run, the initial shortage caused by rent control is large. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Rent control | Elasticity MSC: Definitional

39. The primary effect of rent control in the short run is to reduce rents.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Rent control

MSC: Definitional

40. The housing shortages caused by rent control are larger in the long run than in the short run because both the supply of housing and the demand for housing are more elastic in the long run.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Rent control | Elasticity

MSC: Interpretive

41. The effects of rent control in the long run include lower rents and lower-quality housing.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Rent control

MSC: Interpretive

42. Rent control may lead to lower rents for those who find housing, but the quality of the housing may also be

lower.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Rent control

MSC: Interpretive

43. In a free market, the price of housing adjusts to eliminate the shortages that give rise to undesirable landlord

behavior.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Rent control

MSC: Definitional

44. A price floor is a legal minimum on the price at which a good or service can be sold.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price floors

MSC: Definitional

Chapter 6/Supply, Demand, and Government Policies 375 45.

A price floor set above the equilibrium price is not binding.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price floors

MSC: Interpretive

46. If a price floor is not binding, then it will have no effect on the market.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price floors

MSC: Interpretive

47. To be binding, a price floor must be set above the equilibrium price.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price floors

MSC: Interpretive

48. A price floor set below the equilibrium price is binding.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price floors

MSC: Interpretive

49. A price floor set below the equilibrium price causes quantity supplied to exceed quantity demanded.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price floors

MSC: Interpretive

50. A price floor set above the equilibrium price causes

quantity supplied to exceed quantity demanded.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price floors | Surpluses

MSC: Interpretive

51. A binding price floor causes quantity supplied to be less than quantity demanded.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price floors | Surpluses

MSC: Interpretive

52. A price floor set below the equilibrium price causes a surplus in the market.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price floors

MSC: Interpretive

53. A price floor set above the equilibrium price causes a surplus in the market.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price floors | Surpluses

MSC: Interpretive

54. A binding price floor causes a shortage in the market.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price floors | Surpluses

MSC: Interpretive

55. When a binding price floor is imposed on a market for a good, some people who want to sell the good cannot do so.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price floors | Surpluses

MSC: Interpretive

56. Discrimination is an example of a rationing mechanism that may naturally develop in response to a binding

price floor.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price floors

MSC: Interpretive

曼昆《经济学原理》(微观)第五版测试题库(10)

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: An alytic TOP: Exter nalities LOC: Markets, market failure, and exter nalities MSC: In terpretive 4. In a market characterized by externalities, the market equilibrium fails to maximize the total ben efit to society as a whole. ANS: T DIF: NAT: An alytic LOC: TOP: Exter nalities MSC: 1 REF: 10-0 Markets, market failure, and exter nalities Defin iti onal 5. In a market with positive externalities, the market equilibrium quantity maximizes the welfare of society as a whole. ANS: F NAT: An alytic TOP: Exter nalities DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 LOC: Markets, market failure, and exter nalities MSC: In terpretive 6. Barking dogs cannot be con sidered an exter nality because exter nalities must be associated with some form of market excha nge. ANS: F NAT: An alytic TOP: Exter nalities DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 LOC: Markets, market failure, and exter nalities MSC: Applicative 7. The social cost of pollution includes the private costs of the producers plus the costs to those bystanders adversely affected by the polluti on. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: An alytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and exter nalities TOP: Exter nalities MSC: Defin iti onal 8. Orga ni zers of an outdoor con cert in a park surrou nded by reside ntial n eighborhoods are likely to con sider the no ise and traffic cost to reside ntial n eighborhoods whe n they assess the finan cial viability of the con cert ven ture. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: An alytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and exter nalities TOP: Negative exter nalities MSC: Applicative 9. Whe n a driver en ters a crowded highway he in creases the travel times of all other drivers on the highway. This is an example of a n egative exter nality. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: An alytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and exter nalities TOP: Exter nalities MSC: In terpretive 10. When firms internalize a negative externality, the market supply curve shifts to the left. Chapter 10 Exter nalities TRUE/FALSE 1. Markets sometimes fail to allocate resources efficie ntly. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: An alytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and exter nalities TOP: Market failure MSC: In terpretive 2. Whe n a tran sacti on betwee n a buyer and seller directly affects a third party, the effect is called an exter nality. DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 LOC: Markets, market failure, and exter nalities MSC: Defin itio nal 3. Buyers and sellers n eglect the exter nal effects of their acti ons whe n decid ing how much to dema nd or supply. ANS: T NAT: An alytic TOP: Exter nalities

曼昆《经济学原理》(微观)第五版测试题库 (01)

Chapter 1 Ten Principles of Economics TRUE/FALSE 1. Scarcity means that there is less of a good or resource available than people wish to have. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost TOP: Scarcity MSC: Definitional 2. Economics is the study of how evenly goods and services are distributed within society. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions in economics TOP: Economics MSC: Definitional 3. Economics is the study of how society allocates its unlimited resources. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions in economics TOP: Economics MSC: Definitional 4. With careful planning, we can usually get something that we like without having to give up something else that we like. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 1-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost TOP: Tradeoffs MSC: Interpretive 5. Choosing not to attend a concert so that you can study for your exam is an example of a tradeoff. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 1-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost TOP: Tradeoffs MSC: Applicative 6. Efficiency means everyone in the economy should receive an equal share of the goods and services produced. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 1-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Efficiency and Equity TOP: Equality MSC: Definitional 7. Equality refers to how the pie is divided, and efficiency refers to the size of the economic pie. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 1-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Efficiency and Equity TOP: Equality | Efficiency MSC: Definitional 8. Government policies that improve equality usually increase efficiency at the same time. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 1-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Efficiency and Equity TOP: Efficiency | Equality MSC: Interpretive 9. An individual deciding how to allocate her limited time is dealing with both scarcity and trade-offs. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 1-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Interpretative 10. The cost of an action is measured in terms of foregone opportunities. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 1-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Interpretive 11. Tuition is the single-largest cost of attending college for most students. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 1-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Interpretive 1

曼昆 经济学原理 第五版 答案 1

SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS: Quick Quizzes 1. The four principles of economic decisionmaking are: (1) people face tradeoffs; (2) the cost of something is what you give up to get it; (3) rational people think at the margin; and (4) people respond to incentives. People face tradeoffs because to get one thing that they like, they usually have to give up another thing that they like. The cost of something is what you give up to get it, not just in terms of monetary costs but all opportunity costs. Rational people think at the margin by taking an action if and only if the marginal benefits exceed the marginal costs. People respond to incentives because as they compare benefits to costs, a change in incentives may cause their behavior to change. 2. The three principles concerning economic interactions are: (1) trade can make everyone better off; (2) markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity; and (3) governments can sometimes improve market outcomes. Trade can make everyone better off because it allows countries to specialize in what they do best and to enjoy a wider variety of goods and services. Markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity because the invisible hand leads markets to desirable outcomes. Governments can so metimes improve market outcomes because sometimes markets fail to allocate resources efficiently because of an externality or market power. 3. The three principles that describe how the economy as a whole works are: (1) a country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services; (2) prices rise when the government prints too much money; and (3) society faces a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. A country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce g oods and services, which in turn depends on its productivity, which is a function of the education of workers and the access workers have to the necessary tools and technology. Prices rise when the government prints too much money because more money in circulation reduces the value of money, causing inflation. Society faces a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment that is only temporary and policymakers have some ability to exploit this relationship using various policy instruments. Questions for Review 1. Examples of tradeoffs include time tradeoffs (such as studying one subject over another, or studying at all compared to engaging in social activities) and spending tradeoffs (such as whether to use your last ten dollars on pizza or on a study guide for that tough economics course). 2. The opportunity cost of seeing a movie includes the monetary cost of admission plus the time cost of going to the theater and attending the show. The time cost depends on what else you might do with that time; if it's staying home and watching TV, the time cost may be small, but if it's working an extra three hours at your job, the time cost is the money you could have earned. 3. The marginal benefit of a glass of water depends on your circumstances. If you've just run a marathon, or you've been walking in the desert sun for three hours, the marginal benefit is very high. But if you've been drinking a lot of liquids recently, the marginal benefit is quite low. The point is that even the necessities of life, like water, don't always have large marginal benefits. 4. Policymakers need to think about incentives so they can understand how people will respond to the policies they put in place. The text's example of seat belts shows that policy actions can ha ve quite unintended consequences. If incentives matter a lot, they may lead to a very different type 1

5学原理》(微观)第五版测试题库 (06) 曼昆经济学原理第五版测试题库(微观)

Chapter 6 Supply, Demand, and Government Policies TRUE/FALSE 1. Economic policies often have effects that their architects did not intend or anticipate. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP: Public policy MSC: Definitional 2. Rent-control laws dictate a minimum rent that landlords may charge tenants. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 6-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Rent control MSC: Definitional 3. Minimum-wage laws dictate the lowest wage that firms may pay workers. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Minimum wage MSC: Definitional 4. Price controls are usually enacted when policymakers believe that the market price of a good or service is unfair to buyers or sellers. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price controls MSC: Definitional 5. Price controls can generate inequities. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price controls MSC: Definitional 6. Policymakers use taxes to raise revenue for public purposes and to influence market outcomes. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 7. If a good or service is sold in a competitive market free of government regulation, then the price of the good or service adjusts to balance supply and demand. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Prices MSC: Definitional 8. At the equilibrium price, the quantity that buyers want to buy exactly equals the quantity that sellers want to sell. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 6-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Prices MSC: Definitional 9. A price ceiling is a legal minimum on the price at which a good or service can be sold. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 6-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Definitional 10. A price ceiling set above the equilibrium price is not binding. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 6-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Supply and demand TOP: Price ceilings MSC: Interpretive 371

曼昆经济学原理试题Chapter 05a

Chapter 5 Elasticity and Its Applications Test A 1. In general, elasticity is a. a measure of the competitive nature of a market. b. the friction that develops between buyer and seller in a market. c. a measure of how much government intervention is prevalent in a market. d. a measure of how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions. TYPE: M KEY1: D OBJECTIVE: 1 RANDOM: Y 2. Demand is said to be elastic if a. the price of the good responds substantially to changes in demand. b. the quantity demanded responds substantially to changes in the price of the good. c. buyers don’t respond much to changes in the price of the goo d. d. demand shifts substantially when the price of the good changes. TYPE: M KEY1: D SECTION: 1 OBJECTIVE: 1 RANDOM: Y 3. Demand for a good would tend to be more elastic, the a. longer the period of time considered. b. greater the availability of complements. c. broader the definition of the market. d. fewer substitutes there ar e. TYPE: M KEY1: D SECTION: 1 OBJECTIVE: 2 RANDOM: Y 4. Economists compute the price elasticity of demand as a. percentage change in the price divided by the percentage change in quantity demanded. b. change in quantity demanded divided by the change in the price. c. percentage change in the quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. d. percentage change in the quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in incom e. TYPE: M KEY1: D SECTION: 1 OBJECTIVE: 2 RANDOM: Y 5. If there are very few, if any, good substitutes for good A, then a. supply of good A would tend to be price elastic. b. demand for good A would tend to be price inelasti c. c. demand for good A would tend to be price elastic. d. demand for good A would tend to be income elastic. TYPE: M KEY1: D SECTION: 1 OBJECTIVE: 2 RANDOM: Y 6. Suppose the price of product X is reduced from $1.45 to $1.25 and, as a result, the quantity of X demanded increases from 2,000 to 2,200. Using the midpoint method, the price elasticity of demand for X in the given price range is a. 0.64. b. 1.00. c. 1.55. d. 2.00. TYPE: M KEY1: G SECTION: 1 OBJECTIVE: 2 RANDOM: Y

曼昆经济学原理(第五版)课后答案

第十二章税制的设计 复习题 1．在过去的几十年来，政府的增长比经济中的其他部分快还是慢? 答：在过去几十年间，政府的增长比经济中其他部分快。数据表明，美国经济中包括联邦、州和地方政府在内的政府收入在总收人中所占百分比的增长速度快于经济中其他部分。 2．美国联邦政府收入最重要的两个来源是什么? 答：美国联邦政府收入最重要的两个来源是个人收入所得税和用于社会保障的工薪税。 3．解释公司利润如何双重纳税。 答：当企业赚到利润时，它要按公司所得税交税；当企业用其利润向公司股东支付股息时，按个人所得税第二次交税。 4．为什么纳税人的税收负担大于政府得到的收入? 答：因为纳税人的税收负担除了向政府交纳的税收之外，还包括两种成本：一是税收改变了激励所引起的资源配置扭曲；二是遵守税法的管理负担。这两种成本没有政府的收入作为补偿。因此，纳税人的税收负担大于政府得到的收入。 5．为什么一些经济学家支持对消费征税，而不是对收入征税? 答：因为对收入征税扭曲了对人们储蓄的激励，鼓励人们少储蓄。如果政府采取消费税，储蓄起来的全部收入在最后支出前都不征税，就不会扭曲人们的储蓄决策。 6．举出富有的纳税人应该比贫穷纳税人多纳税的两种观点。 答：这方面的观点有受益原则和能力纳税原则。 受益原则认为：人们应该根据他们从政府服务中得到的利益来纳税。通常富人从公共服务中受益多，他们应该多纳税。 能力纳税原则认为：应该根据一个人所能承受的负担来对这个人征税。显然，富人的财务承受能力强于穷人，富人应该多纳税。 7．什么是横向平等概念。为什么运用这个概念是困难的? 答：横向平等是指主张有相似支付能力的纳税人应该缴纳等量税收的思想。这一原则面临的问题是什么决定两个纳税人是相似的。每个纳税人在许多方面不同，为了评价税收是不是横向平等，必须决定哪些差别对纳税人的支付能力是相关的，哪些是不相关的。这些相关关系的确定是复杂而困难的。它不仅涉及经济学问题，还涉及价值观问题，很难说确定的结果是否公平。 8．说明支持与反对用单一税率取代现行税制的观点。 答：单一税率的支持者认为：(1)单一税率税将取消现行所得税的许多税收减免。通过用这种方法扩大税基，固定税能够降低大多数人面临的边际税率。税率越低意味着经济福利越大。因此，单一税率支持者声称，这种改变将扩大经济馅饼的规模。(2)由于单一税率税如此简单，所以，赋税的管理负担将大大降低。(3)由于所有纳税人都面临相同的边际税率，所以可以按收入来源而不是按得到收入的人来收税。这种额外的简单化也降低了管理成本。 (4)单一税率税将取代个人所得税和公司所得税。所有收入无论是来自工作中的劳动还是来自公司中拥有的股份，都按相同的边际税率一次性纳税。单一税率将消除目前对公司利润的双重征税，这就可以鼓励企业投资于新工厂和设备。(5)在为纳税计算收入时，允许企业扣除所有合法的经营支出，包括新投资品的支出。这种投资扣除使单一税率税更像消费税而不像所得税。结果，变为单一税率税将提高对投资的激励。 单一税率税的反对者认为：这种税很少注意纵向平等的目标。他们声称，单一税率税的累进性要小于现在的税制，而且，特别是它会把一些税收负担从富人身上转移到中产阶级身上。

曼昆《经济学原理》(微观)第五版测试题库 (03)

Chapter 3 Interdependence and the Gains from Trade TRUE/FALSE 1. In most countries today, many goods and services consumed are imported from abroad, and many goods and services produced are exported to foreign customers. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 3-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP: Trade MSC: Definitional 2. Interdependence among individuals and interdependence among nations are both based on the gains from trade. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 3-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP: Gains from trade MSC: Interpretive 3. If a person chooses self-sufficiency, then she can only consume what she produces. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 3-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP: Self-sufficiency MSC: Definitional 4. If Wrex can produce more math problems per hour and more book reports per hour than Maxine can, then Wrex cannot gain from trading math problems and book reports with Maxine. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 3-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP: Gains from trade MSC: Applicative 5. It is possible for the U.S. to gain from trade with Germany even if it takes U.S. workers fewer hours to produce every good than it takes German workers. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 3-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP: Gains from trade MSC: Applicative 6. A production possibilities frontier is a graph that shows the combination of outputs that an economy should produce. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 3-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Production possibilities frontier MSC: Interpretive 7. Production possibilities frontiers cannot be used to illustrate tradeoffs. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 3-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Production possibilities frontier MSC: Definitional 8. An economy can produce at any point on or inside its production possibilities frontier, but it cannot produce at points outside its production possibilities frontier. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 3-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Production possibilities frontier MSC: Interpretive 9. Trade allows a country to consume outside its production possibilities frontier. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 3-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Understanding and applying economic models TOP: Production possibilities frontier | Trade MSC: Interpretive 10. Opportunity cost refers to how many inputs a producer requires to produce a good. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 3-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Definitional 128

曼昆_微观经济学_原理_第五版_课后习题答案

第三篇市场和福利 第十六章垄断竞争 问题与应用 1．在垄断、寡头、垄断竞争和完全竞争中，你如何给以下每一种饮料的市场分类: A．自来水 Ｂ．瓶装水 Ｃ．可乐 Ｄ．啤酒 答：·自来水市场是完全竞争市场，因为与许多水龙头，而且各个厂商的产品是无差异的。 ·瓶装水市场是垄断竞争市场。在这一市场上有许多生产瓶装水的厂商，而且每一厂商产出的瓶装水在品牌和包装上都有不同，即产品有一些差异。 ·可乐市场是寡头市场。在这一市场上只有有限的几家厂商控制大部分的市场分额。 ·啤酒市场是寡头市场。在这一市场上只有有限的几家厂商控制大部分的市场分额。 2．把下列市场分为完全竞争、垄断或垄断竞争，并解释你的回答。 A．2号木杆铅笔。 B．铜。 C．本地电话服务。 D．花生酱。 E．唇膏。 答：·花生酱市场是垄断竞争市场。因为存在不同的质量特征和不同品牌。 ·2 号铅笔、唇膏，属于垄断竞争市场。因为市场有许多生产企业，但每个企业所提供的产品是略有不同的，而且企业可以自由进出市场。 ·铜、本地电话服务，属于垄断市场。因为在这两种市场上，只有惟一的一个生产者，而且产品没有相近替代品，其他企业想进入这个市场几乎是不可能的。 3．说出下面每一个特征描述的是完全竞争企业、垄断竞争企业，两者既是，还是两者都不是。A．出售的产品与其竞争对手的产品有有差别答：该特征描述的是垄断竞争企业。在垄断竞争市场上，企业出售与其竞争对手不同的产品。 B．边际收益低于价格 答：该特征描述的是垄断竞争企业。在垄断竞争市场上，企业边际收益低于价格。 C．在长期中获得经济利润 答：该特征描述的既不是完全竞争企业，也不是垄断竞争企业。在完全竞争和垄断竞争市场上，企业都不可能在长期中获得经济利润。 D．长期中生产最低平均总成本处的产量 答：该特征描述的是完全竞争企业。长期中，完全竞争市场中的企业生产最低平均总成本处的产量。 E．边际收益与边际成本相等 答：该特征描述的既是完全竞争企业，也是垄断竞争企业。在完全竞争和垄断竞争市场上，企业的边际收益与边际成本相等。 F．收取高于边际成本的价格 答：该特征描述的是垄断竞争企业。在垄断竞争市场上，企业收取高于边际成本的价格。4．说出下面每一个特征描述的是垄断企业、垄断竞争企业，两者都是，还是两者都不同。A．面临一条向右下方倾斜的需求曲线。 答：该特征描述的既是垄断企业，又是垄断竞争企业。在在垄断和垄断竞争市场上，企业都面

(微观 宏观全)曼昆《经济学原理》(第五版)课后习题答案-中文版

曼昆《经济学原理》（第五版）习题解答 目录 第一章经济学十大原理 (1) 第二章像经济学家一样思考 (7) 第三章相互依存性与贸易的好处 (14) 第四章供给与需求的市场力量 (22) 第五章弹性及其应用 (31) 第六章供给、需求与政府政策 (41) 第七章消费者、生产者与市场效率 (50) 第八章应用：赋税的代价 (58) 第九章应用：国际贸易 (65) 第十章外部性 (75) 第十一章公共物品和公共资源 (84) 第十二章税制的设计 (91) 第十三章生产成本 (99) 第十四章竞争市场上的企业 (109) 第十五章垄断 (121) 第十六章垄断竞争 (135) 第十七章寡头 (143) 第十八章生产要素市场 (153) 第十九章收入与歧视 (162) 第二十章收入不平等与贫困 (169) 第二十一章消费者选择理论 (177) 第二十二章微观经济学前沿 (187) 第二十三章一国收入的衡量 (195) 第二十四章生活费用的衡量 (204) 第二十五章生产与增长 (210) 第二十六章储蓄、投资和金融体系 (214) 第二十七章基本金融工具 (221) 第二十八章失业 (226) 第一篇导言 第一章经济学十大原理 复习题 1．列举三个你在生活中面临的重要权衡取舍的例子。 答：①大学毕业后，面临着是否继续深造的选择，选择继续上学攻读研究生学位，就意味着在今后三年中放

弃参加工作、赚工资和积累社会经验的机会；②在学习内容上也面临着很重要的权衡取舍，如果学习《经济学》， 就要减少学习英语或其他专业课的时间；③对于不多的生活费的分配同样面临权衡取舍，要多买书，就要减少在 吃饭、买衣服等其他方面的开支。 2．看一场电影的机会成本是什么? 答：看一场电影的机会成本是在看电影的时间里做其他事情所能获得的最大收益，例如：看书、打零工。 3．水是生活必需的。一杯水的边际利益是大还是小呢? 答：这要看这杯水是在什么样的情况下喝，如果这是一个人五分钟内喝下的第五杯水，那么他的边际利益很 小，有可能为负；如果这是一个极度干渴的人喝下的第一杯水，那么他的边际利益将会极大。4．为什么决策者应该考虑激励? 答：因为人们会对激励做出反应，而政策会影响激励。如果政策改变了激励，它将使人们改变自己的行为， 当决策者未能考虑到行为如何由于政策的原因而变化时，他们的政策往往会产生意想不到的效果。 5．为什么各国之间的贸易不像一场比赛一样有赢家和输家呢? 答：因为贸易使各国可以专门从事自己最擅长的活动，并从中享有更多的各种各样的物品与劳务。通过贸易 使每个国家可供消费的物质财富增加，经济状况变得更好。因此，各个贸易国之间既是竞争对手，又是经济合作 伙伴。在公平的贸易中是“双赢”或者“多赢”的结果。 6．市场中的那只“看不见的手”在做什么呢? 答：市场中那只“看不见的手”就是商品价格，价格反映商品自身的价值和社会成本，市场中的企业和家庭 在作出买卖决策时都要关注价格。因此，他们也会不自觉地考虑自己行为的(社会)收益和成本。从而，这只“看 不见的手”指引着千百万个体决策者在大多数情况下使社会福利趋向最大化。 7．解释市场失灵的两个主要原因，并各举出一个例子。 答：市场失灵的主要原因是外部性和市场势力。 外部性是一个人的行为对旁观者福利的影响。当一个人不完全承担(或享受)他的行为所造成的成本(或收益) 时，就会产生外部性。举例：如果一个人不承担他在公共场所吸烟的全部成本，他就会毫无顾忌地吸烟。在这种 情况下，政府可以通过制定禁止在公共场所吸烟的规章制度来增加经济福利。 市场势力是指一个人(或一小群人)不适当地影响市场价格的能力。例如：某种商品的垄断生产者由于几乎不 受市场竞争的影响，可以向消费者收取过高的垄断价格。在这种情况下，规定垄断者收取的价格有可能提高经济 效率。 8．为什么生产率是重要的? 答：因为一国的生活水平取决于它生产物品与劳务的能力，而对这种能力的最重要的衡量度就是生产率。生