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be to do 用法

be to do 用法
be to do 用法

一般说来,“be to do”这个结构有两种语法意义,其一是连系动词be+动词不定式做表语,其二是be to是一个独立词汇单位,具有情态含义,可以把它叫做情态习语(modal idiom)。

一、be +动词不定式,不定式做表语,表示主语和表语在概念上是等同的。如:

The problem is to find a solution.

His plan is to clean the room.

My wish is to be a doctor.

二、be to +动词不定式中的be to用作情态习语,这时的be to do表示: “计划”、“安排”、“义务”、“应该”、“可能”、“命运”等。(have to, ought to)。如:

He is to have a holiday. (表示将来)

The committee is to meet today. (表示计划、安排)

You are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.

1.表示“将”、“计划”、“安排”。(意思接近于be going to)如:

Their daughter is to get married soon.

Who is to question him?

It was the last film at the cinema,which was to close next day.

After dinner they were to go to a movie.

2.表示“义务”、“应该” 。(意思接近于should,must,ought to,have to)如:

No one is to leave the building.谁也不得离开这楼房。

You are not to smoke in this room.=You are not supposed to smoke in this room.

You are to be back by 10 o’clock.你必须十点以前回来。

3.表示可能性,相当于can, may如:

Such books are to be found in the library.这样的书在图书馆里就能找到。

Not a single sound was to be heard.一点儿声音也听不到。

Not a soul was to be seen.看不到一个人影。

She was nowhere to be found.哪儿也找不到她。

She was never to see his wife and family again.

4.表示“命运”,将来必然要发生的事,译作“注定……”。如:

He came to power, but he was to play dearly for it: soon he was assassinated.

The worst is still to come.

They said goodbye, little knowing they were never to meet again.

5.用于“if…were to do”,表示虚拟语气。如:

If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨,运动会就会延期。

初中不定式todo的用法

初中不定式todo的用法

1. 不定式的用法------1.1 不定式作主语 不定式作主语,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 例如:It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。 It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。 但是,用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型。另外,这样的句子,不能用动名词作表语。例如: (对)To teach is to learn. (错)It is to learn to teach. (错)To teach is learning. (错)Teaching is to learn. 典型例题 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on 答案:B. 如果不定式为不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时,常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。 1.1.1 不定式做主语It's for sb/It's of sb to do sth 这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of 的区别。 1)for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:例如: It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

to do do doing的用法

和to do 连用的固定搭配 ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 be pleased /be glad to do sth.很高兴做某事 be sorry to do sth很难过做某事 can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事 can't afford to do sth. 不能担负起干某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 do/try one's best to do sth.尽全力做某事 do nothing to do sth. 对……无能为力 deserve to do sth. 值得干某事 ( not )形容词/副词+enough to do sth. (不)足以做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 find + it + 形容词+to do sth. 发现做某事…… get ready to do sth. 准备做某事 go on to do sth. 继续做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 improve sth. to do sth. 改善/提高某物来干某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人干某事 It's better to do sth. 干某事比较好 It's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了。 like to do sth. 喜欢做某事…… like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 love to do sth. 爱做某事

learn to do sth. 学会做某事 make up one's mind to do sth. 下决心做某事 make a list of five ways to do sth. 列出干某事的五种方式的清单need to do sth. 需要做某事 plan to do sth. 计划干某事 prefer to do sth.+ rather than do sth. 喜欢……不喜欢…… refuse to do sth. 拒绝干某事 remember to do 记得要去做某事 The best time to do sth. is…干某事的最佳时间是…… stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 start/begin to do sth. 开始做某事 seem to do sth. 似乎要做某事 make up one's mind to do sth. 一心要做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 too…to do sth.太……以致于不能…… try to do sth. 努力/试着去做…… think it nessary for sb. to do sth. 认为某人有必要干某事 There's no time to do sth. 没时间做某事 teach sb. (how) to do sth. 教某人干某事 used to do sth. 过去常常干某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 would love to do sth. 很愿意做某事 would like (sb.) to do sth. 想让某人做某事 want to do sth. 想做某事

todo与doing的区别

--- to do与doing的区另U 一般情况下,to do 是一般将来式,是打算去做什么(未做);doing是现在进行式,是现在正在做什么,或(此事已做过或已发生、正做) like to do 和like doing 的用法有什么区别 简单的记忆方法。当表示喜欢,用like doing ,如:He likes cooking in his house. She likes singing. 表示爱好。 当表示想要,欲做某事(但还没进行)用like to do ,例如:He likes to cook in his house.- 他想在自己家做饭吃。 She likes to stay with us.- 她想和我们带一块儿。(但还没进行) 2 forget doin g/to do forget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做) The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作) Don't forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做) 3 remember doin g/to do remember to do 记得去做某事(未做) remember doing 记得做过某事(已做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。 Don't you remember see ing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel +doing表示动作的连续性,进行性 I saw him working in the garden yesterday. (强调”我见他正干活”这个动作) 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

浅谈标点符号的正确使用

一、故事引入 杜牧的《清明》一诗“清明时节雨纷纷,路上行人欲断魂。借问酒家何处有,牧童遥指杏花村。”大家都很熟悉,但如果把标点符号改动一下,就成了另一作品。有人巧妙短句将其改成了一首词:“清明时节雨,纷纷路上,行人欲断魂。借问酒家何处?有牧童遥指,杏花村。”还有人改成了一首优美隽永的散文:“清明时节,雨纷纷。路上,行人欲断魂。借问酒家:“何处有牧童?”遥指杏花村。 又如,常有人在一路边大小便,有人就在那立了块牌子:过路人等不得在此大小便。立牌人的本意是:“过路人等,不得在此大小便。”可没有点标点符号,于是被人认为是:“过路人,等不得,在此大小便。” 类似的故事不胜枚举,诸如一客栈“下雨天留客天留我不留”的对联,祝枝山写给一财主的对联“今年正好晦气全无财富进门”。可见,标点符号的作用举足轻重。语文课程标准对小学各阶段学生应该掌握的标点符号作了明确的规定和说明。因此,作为小学语文教师,不但要咬文嚼字,教会学生正确使用标点符号也不容忽视。下面,我就简单谈谈一些易错的标点符号的用法。 二、易错标点符号的用法例谈 (一)问号 1、非疑问句误用问号 如:他问你明天去不去公园。虽然“明天去不去公园”是一个疑问,但这个问句在整个句子中已经作了“问”的宾语,而整个句

子是陈述的语气,句尾应该用句号。又如:“我不晓得经理的心里到底在想什么。”句尾也应该用句号。 2、选择问句,中间的停顿误用问号 比如:宴会上我是穿旗袍,还是穿晚礼服?这是个选择问句,中间“旗袍”的后面应该用逗号,而不用问号。再有:他是为剥削人民的人去死的,还是为人民的利益而死的?这个句中的停顿也应该用逗号。 3、倒装句中误把问号前置 像这样一个句子:到底该怎么办啊,这件事?原来的语序是:这件事到底该怎么办啊? 倒装之后,主语放到了句末,像这种情况,一般问号还是要放在句末,表示全句的语气。 4、介于疑问和感叹语气之间的句子该如何使用标点符号 有的句子既有感叹语气,又有疑问的语气,这样的情况下,哪种语气强烈,就用哪个标点,如果确定两种语气的所占比重差不多,也可以同时使用问号和叹号。 (二)分号 1、句中未用逗号直接用分号 从标点符号的层次关系来看,应该是逗号之间的句子联系比较紧密,分号之间的句子则要差一个层次,这样看来,在一个句中,如果没有逗号径直用分号是错误的。比如:漓江的水真静啊,漓江的水真清啊,漓江的水真绿啊。这里句中的两处停顿就不能使用分号。再

doing,todo,do的用法

一.To do形式 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 请求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决定做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事 fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 help to do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事

for sb to do sth的用法

for sb to do sth的用法 “for+ 不定式”是英语中一个十分有用的结构,不仅在阅读理解中经常出现,而且,如果同学们在书面表达中能巧妙地运用它,将会增添文章亮点,提高文章的档次。为帮助同学们正确理解和掌握这一结构,本文对这一结构的用法作了一个全面的归纳,同时,对于其使用上应注意的地方也给出了详细的说明。 一、“for+宾语+不定式”的句法功能1. 用作主语For you to ask Joe would be a big mistake. 你要是去问乔,那将是一大错误。For Ann to go to France would make me very happy. 安要是到法国去将使我感到很高兴。注:这类结构通常会借助形式主语来表达,即在句首使用形式主语,而将真正用作主语的“for+宾语+不定式”结构移至句末。如:It’s too expensive for me to buy. 太贵了,我买不起。It’s impossible for me to lea ve my family. 我是不可能离开家的。It’s impossible for the job to be finished in time. 这项任务要按时完成是不可能的。It’s an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 我很荣幸被邀在这里讲话。It’s a new experience for her to be travelling by plane. 坐飞机对她是—次新经历。—It’ll take time for her to recover from the illness. 她的病要很长时间才能痊愈。It took twenty minutes for the smoke to clear. 过了20分钟烟才散完。2. 用作表语It is for you to decide. 该由你来决定。His idea is for us to travel in separate cars. 他的意思是我们不要同乘一辆汽车。Our aim is for students to learn as quickly as possible. 我们的目的是让学生尽快学到东西。All I want is for us to be together. 我希望的只是我们能在一起。The simplest thing is for him to resign. 最简单的办法是他辞职。3. 用作宾语She hates for people to feel sad. 她不愿看到人们忧心忡忡。They didn’t mean for her to read the letter. 他们并未打算让她看那封信。I would like for you to stay as long as you want. 我希望你留下来,想留多久就留多久。注:这类结构用作宾语的情形主要见于非正式的美国英语中,且主要限于like, hate, mean, intend等少数动词。不过,当有形式宾语时,这类结构用作宾语的情况倒是很普遍(注意形式宾语的使用)。如:He made it very difficult for us to refuse. 他弄得我们很难拒绝。I thought it strange for -FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">她这么晚还不回来,我觉得有些奇怪。4.用作定语It’s time for everybody to go to bed. 是大家睡觉的时候了。There’s nothing for the cats to eat. 猫没有东西可吃了。Have you got something for me to do? 你给我找了什么事做吗? All that remains for me to do is to say goodbye. 剩下我所要做的就是告辞了。5. 用作同位语He gave orders for one million military personnel to demobilize. 他命令100万军人复员。 6. 用作状语(1) 目的状语。如:目的状语。如:I can’t wait for them to finish talking. 我不能等到

编校一课丨连接号用法大全

编校一课丨连接号用法大全 《标点符号用法》新标准中,连接号删除长横线“——”,只保留三种形式:一字线“—”、半字线“-”、波纹线“~”。三种连接号的使用范围各不相同。一字线 一字线占一个字位置,比汉字“一”略长标示时间、地域等相 关项目间的起止或相关项之间递进式发展时使用一字线。例:1.沈括(1031—1095),宋朝人。 2.秦皇岛—沈阳将建成铁路客运专线。 3.人类的发展可以分为古猿—猿人—古人—新人这四个阶段半字线半字线也叫短横线,比汉字“一”略短,占半个字位置。用于产品型号、化合物名称、 代码及其他相关项目间的连接。例:1.铜-铁合金(化合物 名称) 2.见下图3-4(表格、插图编号) 3. 中关园3号院3-2-11室(门牌号) 4.010-********(电话号码) 5.1949-10-01(用阿拉伯数字表示年月日) 6.伏尔加河-顿河运河(复合名词)波纹线波纹线俗称波浪线,占一个字位置标示数值范围的起止时用波纹线,包括用阿拉伯数字表示的数值和由汉字数字构成的数值。例:1.10~30cm 2. 第七~九课常见问题1.在数值间使用连接号时,前后两个数值都需要加上计量单位吗?在标示数值范围时,用波纹线连接号。此时,在不引起歧义的情况下,只在后一数值后计量单位,用波纹线连接的两个

数值,其单位是一致的。例:500~1000公斤 2.“1996~现在”这样的用法对吗?不对。波纹线连接数字,“现在”不是数字,应改为“”到或“至”。“1996”后宜加“年”。 关注“木铎书声”,做优秀出版人木铎书声是北京师范大学出版科学研究院官方微信平台,致力于传播最新行业动态,促进出版职业人的发展。

need的三种用法,如needtodosth

need的三种用法,如needtodosth need”作为情态动词的用法 一、need表示“需要”或“必须”,通常用于否定句,疑问句,条件句.例如:1.You needn't do it again.你不需要重复做 了.2.He needn't worry about it.这件事他无需担心.3.Need he do this homework first?他需要先做这些作业吗?4.Need they fill in the form?他们需要填表吗?二、在否定句中,可以用need的否定形式+不定式完成体.例如:1.We needn't have worried.其实我们不必要慌.2.You needn't have mentioned it.你本来不必提起这件事.3.You needn't have said that when he asked.当他问的时候,你其实不必要说.三、needn't后的不定式间或也能用进行式或被动语态.例如:1.He needn't be standing in the rain.他不必要站在雨中.2.We needn't be waiting in this place.我们不必要在这儿等.3.The hedges needn't be trimmed thisweek.本周树蓠不必要整修.四、其一般疑问句的答语,肯定用must,否定用needn't.Need I go with her?我需要和他一起去吗?Yes,you must.是的,你需要去.No,you needn't.不,你不必去. 编辑本段“need”作为实义动词时,通常用法是 人+need +to do 物+need +doing 物+need +to be done 例如:The room needs cleaning = The room needs to

todoanddoing用法

加to do 的动词 attempt企图enable能 够 neglect忽视afford负担得 起 demand要求long渴 望 arrange安排destine注 定 mean意欲,打算begin开 始 expect期望omit忽略,漏 appear似乎,显得determine决定manage设 法cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶pretend假装 ask问dread害 怕 need需要agree同 意

desire愿望love 爱 swear宣誓volunteer志愿 wish希望bear承 受 endeavor努力offer提 供 beg请求fail不 能 plan计划 bother扰乱;烦恼forget忘 记 prefer喜欢,宁愿care关心,喜欢happen碰 巧prepare准 备decide决 定learn学 习 regret抱歉,遗憾choose选择hesitate犹 豫profess表明

claim要求hope希 望 promise承诺,允许start开始undertake承 接want想要 consent同意,赞同intend想要refuse拒 绝decide决定 learn学习vow起contrive设法,图谋incline有…倾向propose提议seek 找,寻觅 try试图 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求,邀请get请,得 到 prompt促使allow允 许 forbid禁止prefer喜欢,宁愿announce宣 布force强

迫 press迫使bride 收 买 inspire鼓舞request请求 assist协助hate憎 恶 pronounce断定,表示advise 劝告exhort告诫,勉 励pray请求 authorize授权,委托help帮 助recommend劝告,推荐bear容 忍implore恳 求remind提醒 beg请求induce引 诱 report报告compel强 迫 invite吸引,邀请,summon传 唤command命 令intend想要,企

betodosth的几种用法

be + to do sth.的用法 1.表示按计划或安排要做的事。例如: When are you to leave for home你什么时候回家 She is to be married next month.她将于下个月结婚。 The Queen is to visit Japan in a week's time.女王将于一周后访问日本。 这种结构也可用于过去。was / were to do sth. 表示曾经计划要做的事,但不表明计划是否被执行,或表示“命运(即命中注定要发生的事)”,而非计划;was / were to have done sth.表示未曾实现的计划。例如: I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到很紧张,因 为我很快就要首次离开家了。 They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告了别, 不知道以后再也不会见面了。 We were to have told you, but you were not in.我们本来想告诉你的,但是你不在家。 2.表示“应该”,相当于should, ought to。例如: You are to report to the police.你应该报警。 What is to be done应该怎么办呢 3.表示“必须”,相当于must, have to。例如: The letter is to be handed to him in person.这封信必须亲手交给他。 You are to do your homework before you watch TV.看电视之前你得先做完作业。4.表示“想,打算”,相当于intend, want。例如: If we are to be there before ten, we'll have to go now.如果我们要在十点前到,我们现在就得走。 5.用于第一人称疑问句,表示征求对方意见。例如: Am I to go on with the work要我继续完成这项工作吗 What are we to do next我们下一步该怎么办 6.用于否定句,表示“禁止”,相当于mustn't。例如: The books in this room are not to be taken outside.这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。You are not to smoke in the reading-room.你不可以在阅览室里吸烟。 7.表示“可以,可能”,相当于may, can。例如: The news is to be found in the evening paper.这条消息可以在晚报上见到。 Such people are to be found everywhere.这种人到处都有。 She is nowhere to be found.在哪里也找不着她。 to do sth.用于if或even if / even though从句中,表示对未来的假设。例如: If I were to tell you that I killed him, would you believe me要是我告诉你是我杀了

to do用法

动词不定式用法小结 英语动词的非谓语形式为三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如: To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To say is to believe.眼见为实。 动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为:It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如: It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语,称为不定式的复合结构。例: It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语:(在形式上,位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲,表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。) 动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。例: His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有:begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例: I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一起去野餐好吗? *如果and连接两个动词不定式,第二个动词不定式一般省“to”例: (1)He wants to go and have a swim with us. 他想和我们一起去游泳。 (2)若作宾语的动词不定式(短语)很长,可用it作形式宾语。 I find it interesting to learn English with you. 我觉得和你一起学英语很有趣。 He found it hard to catch up with others.他觉得赶上别人很困难。 四. 作宾语补足语。例如: The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning. 老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。 The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games. 老师常告诉Jim不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 Please let me help you.让我来帮助你。 动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语所做的动作,可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”,可以归纳为以下三种句式: 1.不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语: tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth. 例:The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. I want you to go now. 我想让你现在就走。 Her parents wish her to be a teacher.她父母亲希望她当老师。 2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语: Let / make / have sb. do sth. Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩出去。 The boy made the baby cry. 男孩弄哭了这个小孩。 see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth. I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday. 昨天我看见学生们在操场打篮球。 I often hear the girl sing in the next room. 我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱歌。 3.可省可不省的: help sb. (to)do sth. I often help my mother (to)do housework. 我经常帮妈妈做家务。 *动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not. 例: (1)Tell them not to play football in the street.告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球。 (2)省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not. 例: Let the boy not go. 让那个男孩别走。 (3)如果将主动语态变为被动语态时,作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为主语补足语,动词不定式则不省“to”,即原来省的再加上,例: The boy made the baby cry.

常见的todo与doing

常见的“to do”与“doing”现象 有些动词后既可接to do,也可接doing,它们后接to do与doing在意思上有时有较大的差别。因为它们也是中考的常考点之一,因而我们应该搞清楚它们的区别。 1. stop to do/stop doing sth。 解析:stop to do sth.意为“停下来(正在做的事)去做(另外的)某事”,to do sth.在句中作目的状语。而stop doing sth.意为“停止做(正在做的)某事”。如Mary stopped to speak to me.玛丽停下(手头的工作)来跟我讲话。 When the teacher came in. the students stopped talking.老师进来时,学生们停止讲话。 2. remember to do/remember doing sth 解析:remember to do sth.意为“记住要去做某事”(还没有做)。而remember doing sth.意为“记得(已经)做过某事”如: Please remember to send the letter for me.请记住为我发这封信。 I don’t remember eating such food somewhere.我不记得在哪里吃过这种食物 3. forget to do/forget doing sth 解析:forget to do sth.意为“忘记做某事”(动作还没有发生)。而forget doing sth.意为“忘记做过某事”(动作已发生)。如: Don’t forget to bring your photo here.别忘了把你的相片带来。 I have forgotten giving the book to him.我忘记我已把书给了他。 4. go on to do/go on doing sth 解析:go on to do sth.意为“做完一件事,接着做另外一件事”,两件事之间有可能有某种联系。而go on doing sth.意为“继续做下去”。如: After reading the text, the students went on to do the exercises.学生们读完课文后,接着做练习。 It’s raining hard, but the farmers go on working on the farm.虽然天正下着大雨,但农民们继续在农场干活。 5. try to do/try doing sth 解析:try to do sth.意为“尽力去做某事”,而try doing sth.意为“(用某一种办法)试着去做某事”。如: Try to come a little early next time, please.下次请尽量早点来。 You can try working out the problem in another way.你可以试试用其它的方法解答这道题目。 6. can’t help to do/can’t help doing sth 解析:can’t help to do为动词不定式结构;can’t help doing sth.意为“身不由己地去做某事”或“情不自禁地去做某事。”如: We can’t help to finish it.我们不能帮忙完成此事。 I couldn’t help laughing when I saw her strange face.当我看到她奇怪的脸时,我情不自禁地笑了。 7. hear sb. do/hear sb. doing sth 解析:hear sb. do sth.意为“听见某人做某事”,指听到了这个动作的全过程;hear sb. doing sth.意为“听到某人做某事”,指听到时候,这个动作正在发生。如: I often hear him sing in the classroom.我经常听见他在教室里唱歌。 Do you hear someone knocking at the door?你听见有人在敲门吗? 应该说明的是:和hear的用法一样的还有see、watch、notice等。

连接号用法之深入辨析

连接号用法之深入辨析 王曜卿 第二轮修志,各地都是衔接上届志书的下限编修续志,续志书名也是千篇一律:在书名下加上断限。书名下断限的书写格式,规范写法为―(19xx-2000)‖,但采用这种写法的却不成主流。不规范的书写格式中,常见的是―(19xx~2000)‖,此外还有―(19xx-2000年)‖、―(19xx~2000年)‖、―(19xx年-2000年)‖、―(19xx年~2000年)‖,加上―-‖、―~‖两种符号自身宽度变化所产生的变体,不规范的写法就更多了。 志书断限中的连接号,没有引起人们的高度重视,由此所反映出来的,则是标点符号规范化和表达概念准确性的大问题。准确地说,是正确、规范地使用连接号,准确地表述时空范围之概念,准确地表述数值量之关系(或幅度)的大问题。 一、连接号的多种形式 连接号有多种形式,各自的作用、用途也不同。中华人民共和国国家标准(简称―国标‖)《标点符号用法》(GB/T 15834-1995)对连接号的规定: 4.13 连接号 4.13.1 连接号的形式为?-‘。连接号还有另外三种形式,即长横?——‘、半字线?-‘和浪纹?~‘。 4.13.2 两个相关的名词构成一个意义单位,中间用连接号。例如: a) 我国秦岭-淮河以北地区属于温带季风气候区,夏季高温多雨,冬季寒冷干燥。 b) 复方氯化钠注射液,也称任-洛二氏溶液(Ringer-Locke solution),用于医疗和哺乳动物生理学实验。 4.13.3 相关的时间、地点或数目之间用连接号,表示起止。例如: a) 鲁迅(1881-1936)中国现代伟大的文学家、思想家和革命家。 b) ?北京——广州‘直达快车 c) 梨园乡种植的巨峰葡萄今年已经进入了丰产期,亩产1000公斤~1500公斤。 4.13.4 相关的字母、阿拉伯数字等之间,用连接号,表示产品型号。例如: 在太平洋地区,除了已建成投入使用的HAW-4和TPC-3海底光缆之外,又有TPC -4海底光缆投入运营。 4.13.5 几个相关的项目表示递进式发展,中间用连接号。例如:

betodo的八种用法

be to do的八种用法 一、表示坚决的命令,可译为“必须”。 1. This naughty boy is to stay here until the class is over. 这个淘气的男孩必须在这里站到下课。 2. No one is to enter this building without the permission of the security guard. 未经保安人员的允许,任何人都不得进入这栋楼。 二、表示“计划”或“安排的事项”。 3. Betty is to be married soon.贝蒂很快就要结婚了。 4. An insurance agent is to meet us this afternoon. 今天下午会有一个保险代理人来跟我们见面。 三、表示“可能性”。 5. Are you to pay the debt for your wife? 你会不会帮你的妻子还债? 6. The lovely puppy is nowhere to be found. 哪儿也找不到这只可爱的小狗。 四、表示“意图”“决心”或“打算”。 7. If you are to be there on time, you had better hurry.要想准时到达那儿,你最好快点。 8. If all of us are to remain friendly, we must be sincere with one another. 要想保持友谊,我们都必须真诚相待。 五、表示“应该”。 9. You have done so well. You are to be rewarded.你做得很好,你应该受到奖赏。 10. Such nasty questions are to be avoided. 应该避免这种下流的问题。 11. You are to call the police. 你应该报警。 六、表示“注定”“不可避免”“必然会发生”。 12. Anne was wondering what was to become of her boy friend, Tommy. 安妮不知道她的男朋友托米会出什么事。 13. The murderer was sentenced to life imprisonment and was never to see his family again. 杀人犯被判终身监禁并且永远不能和家人见面。 14. She did not think too much of her unkind acts. However, they were to be harmful to herself, too.她对她不友好的行为并没有想太多,然而,这些行为必将给她带来不利。 15. Tom wasn't worried about his head injury, but it was to be troublesome for him later. 汤姆并不担心他头部的损伤,但是以后这损伤必将给他带来麻烦。 16.You are to answer for what you have done. 你必将为你所做的事承担后果。 七、用于虚拟语气,表示一种假设。 17. If I were to do it, I would do it well. 这件事如果我来做,我会做好它。 18. Even if you were to take a taxi now, you would not be able to arrive at your destination on time.你现在即使坐出租车,你也不会准时到达目的地的。 八、有“期待将来”的含意。 19. The actual usefulness of the newly invented equipment is still to be determined.这种新发明出来的设备的实用性如何还有待观察。 20. Henry's appointment with the accountancy firm is yet to be confirmed.亨利与这家会计事务所的约定还有待确认。 Exercises:

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