希腊罗马神话英文论文

The analysis of the character of Hera Hera, one of the twelve main gods in Olympic mountain, is the wife and sister of Zeus who owns the greatest power among all the gods and rule them. In charge of the affairs of marriage and families of the man’s world, Hera is the guardian angle of wo men and marriage.

Hera, the eldest daughter of Cronus and Rhea, was born at Samos, or, according t o some accounts, at Argos, and was reared by the sea-divinities Oceanus and Tethys, who were models of conjugal fidelity. She was the principal wife of Zeus, and, as que en of heaven, participated in the honours paid to him, but her dominion only extended over the air (the lower aerial regions). Hera appears to be the sublime embodiment of strict matronly virtue, and is on that account the protectress of purity and married wo men. Faultless herself in her fidelity as a wife, she is essentially the type of the sanctit y of the marriage tie, and holds in abhorrence any violation of its obligations. So stron gly was she imbued with this hatred of any immorality, that, finding herself so often c alled upon to punish the failings of both gods and men in this respect, she became jeal ous, harsh, and vindictive. Her exalted position as the wife of the supreme deity, comb ined with her extreme beauty, caused her to become exceedingly vain, and she conseq uently resented with great severity any infringement on her rights as queen of heaven, or any apparent slight on her personal appearance.

The following story will signally illustrate how ready she was to resent any slight offered to her.

At the marriage of the sea-nymph Thetis with a mortal called Peleus, all the gods and goddesses were present, except Eris (the goddess of Discord). Indignant at not be ing invited, she determined to cause dissension in the assembly, and for this purpose t hrew into the midst of the guests a golden apple with the inscription on it "For the Fair est." Now, as all the goddesses were extremely beautiful, each claimed the apple; but at length, the rest having relinquished their pretensions, the number of candidates was reduced to three, Hera, Athene, and Aphrodite, who agreed to appeal to Paris for a sett

lement of this delicate question, he being noted for the wisdom he had displayed in his judgment upon several occasions. Paris was the son of Priam, king of Troy, who, igno rant of his noble birth, was at this time feeding his flocks on Mount Ida, in Phrygia. H ermes, as messenger of the gods, conducted the three rival beauties to the young shep herd, and with breathless anxiety they awaited his decision. Each fair candidate endea voured to secure his favour by the most tempting offers. Hera promised him extensive dominions; Athene, martial fame and glory; and Aphrodite, the loveliest woman in th e world. But whether he really considered Aphrodite the fairest of the three, or preferr ed a beautiful wife to fame and power, we cannot tell; all we know is that to her he aw arded the golden apple, and she became ever after universally acknowledged as the go ddess of beauty. Hera, having fully expected that Paris would give her the preference, was so indignant that she never forgave him, and not only persecuted him, but all the f amily of Priam, whose dreadful sufferings and misfortunes during the Trojan war wer e attributed to her influence. In fact, she carried her animosity to such an extent that it was often the cause of domestic disagreements between herself and Zeus, who espous ed the cause of the Trojans.

Among the many stories of these frequent quarrels there is one connected with H eracles, the favourite son of Zeus, which is as follows:--Hera having raised a storm at sea in order to drive him out of his course, Zeus became so angry that he hung her in t he clouds by a golden chain, and attached heavy anvils to her feet. Her son Hephaestu s tried to release his mother from her humiliating position, for which Zeus threw him out of heaven, and his leg was broken by the fall.

Hera has the courage to break the bondage of traditional marriage and fight for equal marriage. She has done her best to maintain the sanctity of marriage. However, her personal strength was not enough to change patriarchal society.

I’m deeply impressed by Hera and can’t help feeling sad for her. As a woman, o wning unique beauty and great power which is only secondary to Zeus’s, she, howeve r, fail to have a undivided husband, which is nearly every woman is eager for. Her stor y, in my eyes, is such a tragedy.

Although Hera is a goddess, she also has the characteristics, the feelings and the

belief of the mortal women. For one thing, she is very loyal to her husband and her fa mily. As we all know, Hera possesses a rare beauty with impressive and dignified figu re, and it’s her beauty that made Zeus fall in love with her and adhere to marrying to h er, but all her love is for nobody but Zeus, which never changes no matter what happe n. She is represent for the women’s virtue and dignity. For another, like other common mortal women, she showed great jealousy when she found her husband, Zeus, had int imate relationship with many other women. With great power, Hera, did many terrible and malicious things to these women as well as their children. For example, she turne d Iol , the goddess who Zeus loved so much and tried many ways to gain, into a cow a nd let the big gadbees bit her, resulting in that Iol escaped from Greek for she couldn’t stand the suffering any more. Another typical instance is about Apollo. Hera persecut ed his mother, Leto, preventing her bearing him. Consequently, the poor mother failed to find a place to give birth her children, but finally she succeed to hide herself in a s mall island and survived. Hera’s jealousy impress many people.

I appreciate Hera’s konstata and firmness for love. However, what she did to thos e women who were attractive by Zeus, I think, is unreasonable and unfair. It inspires me of many thoughts and feelings. First, Hera’s story reminds me of those poor wome n in the Chinese ancient times when men were used to have several wives. And the w omen not only tried their best to satisfy the only husband, but also thought out of man y ways to persecute other wives, wasting all her life. So sad! The men, in my opinion, should bear most responsibility for it. Second, I realize the strong strength of power. If Hera were a ordinary woman without great power, she couldn’t do so much and great harm to other women; if Zeus were a common man without great power, was he able to be playful and own so many women? Power satisfies the selfish desire of them, so does the human beings. In conclusion, I learn a lot from the Greek mythology and the Hera’s story touches my heart most. I realize I, even all of us, should admire virtue an d justice, and shouldn’t satisfy our selfish desire at the cost of harming others.

希腊罗马神话之Hera简介英文版

HERA (JUNO). Hera, the eldest daughter of Cronus and Rhea, was born at Samos, or, according to some accounts, at Argos, and was reared by the sea-divinities Oceanus and Tethys, who were models of conjugal fidelity. She was the principal wife of Zeus, and, as queen of heaven, participated in the honours paid to him, but her dominion only extended over the air (the lower aerial regions). Hera appears to be the sublime embodiment of strict matronly virtue, and is on that account the protectress of purity and married women. Faultless herself in her fidelity as a wife, she is essentially the type of the sanctity of the marriage tie, and holds in abhorrence any violation of its obligations. So strongly was she imbued with this hatred of any immorality, that, finding herself so often called upon to punish the failings of both gods and men in this respect, she became jealous, harsh, and vindictive. Her exalted position as the wife of the supreme deity, combined with her extreme beauty, caused her to become exceedingly vain, and she consequently resented with great severity any infringement on her rights as queen of heaven, or any apparent slight on her personal appearance. The following story will signally illustrate how ready she was to resent any slight offered to her. At the marriage of the sea-nymph Thetis with a mortal called Peleus, all the gods and goddesses were present, except Eris (the goddess of Discord). Indignant at not being invited, she determined to cause dissension in the assembly, and for this purpose threw into the midst of the guests a golden apple with the inscription on it "For the Fairest." Now, as all the goddesses were extremely beautiful, each claimed the apple; but at length, the rest having relinquished their pretensions, the number of candidates was reduced to three, Hera, Athene, and Aphrodite, who agreed to appeal to Paris for a settlement of this delicate question, he being noted for the wisdom he had displayed in his judgment upon several occasions. Paris was the son of Priam, king of Troy, who, ignorant of his noble birth, was at this time feeding his flocks on Mount Ida, in Phrygia. Hermes, as messenger of the gods, conducted the three rival beauties to the young shepherd, and with breathless anxiety they awaited his decision. Each fair candidate endeavoured to secure his favour by the most tempting offers. Hera promised him extensive dominions; Athene, martial fame and glory; and Aphrodite, the loveliest woman in the world. But whether he really considered Aphrodite the fairest of the three, or preferred a beautiful wife to fame and power, we cannot tell; all we know is that to her he awarded the golden apple, and she became ever after universally acknowledged as the goddess of beauty. Hera, having fully expected that Paris would give her the preference, was so indignant that she never forgave him, and not only persecuted him, but all the family of Priam, whose dreadful sufferings and misfortunes during the Trojan war were attributed to her influence. In fact, she carried her animosity to such an extent that it was often the cause of domestic disagreements between herself and Zeus, who espoused the cause of the Trojans. Among the many stories of these frequent quarrels there is one connected with Heracles, the favourite son of Zeus, which is as follows:--Hera having raised a storm at sea in order to drive him out of his course, Zeus became so angry that he hung her in the clouds by a golden chain, and attached heavy anvils to her feet. Her son Hephaestus tried to release his mother from her humiliating position, for which Zeus threw him out of heaven, and his leg was broken by the fall.

西方文明史 古希腊神话论文

西方近代文化精神的重要源头古希腊神话 摘要：神话是一种文化积淀，也是一种民族意识的积淀，直至今天，它仍以无穷的魅 力影响着现代人的生活。在漫长的西方文明发展史中，希腊文明曾放出璀璨的光芒。 古希腊的戏剧、建筑、绘画、雕塑等都从古希腊神话中汲取养料。所以可以说，古希 腊神话是西方文化的重要源头。古希腊神话是西方文化百用而不厌其烦的素材，这已 是人所共知的。本文重在试图探索西方文化从古希腊神话中汲取的两钟重要的精神血 液即人本和理性，这两种精神恰是整个西方近代文化的两个主要精神。 关键词：西方近代文化精神源头古希腊神话 古希腊神话故事的形成时期很早，是远古一代代人集体创作的结晶。神话起初口传，后来见之于书面文字。它的最早的传世书面文献当推荷马史诗。史诗中除了主体 故事外，还提及了许多其他的神话故事，那些故事显然在当时已是广为流传、普遍知 晓的。在荷马之后不久有古希腊诗人赫西奥德的长诗《神谱》，扼要地记述了许多神 话故事，并立力图把那些故事谱系化。古希腊悲剧的题材基本都是取材于神话，是作 家对那些神话故事的现实理解的戏剧体现。希腊神话在人类思想文化艺术史上始终光 彩夺目，经久不衰。 希腊文化源于古老的爱琴文明，和中国商周文明略有相像之处。他们是西洋文明 的始祖，具有卓越的天性和不凡的想像力。在那原始时代，他们对自然现象，对人的 生死，都感到神秘和难解，于是他们不断地幻想、不断地沉思。在他们想像中，宇宙 万物都拥有生命。然而在多利亚人入侵爱琴文明后，因为所生活的希腊半岛人口过剩，他们不得不向外寻拓生活空间。这时候他们崇拜英雄豪杰，因而产生了许多人神交织 的民族英雄故事。这些众人所创造的人、神、物的故事，经由时间的淬链，就被史家 统称为「希腊神话」，西元前十一二世纪到七、八世纪间则被称为「神话时代」。神 话故事最初都是口耳相传，直至西元前七世纪才由大诗人荷马统整记录于「史诗」中。 我们现在所知的所有古希腊神话的故事都来自《荷马史诗》和赫西俄德的《神谱》和《工作与时日》。《荷马史诗》包括《伊利亚特》和两部。《伊利亚特》记述的是 古代希腊人与特洛伊人交战攻打伊利亚特的经过。《奥塞德》描写了希腊军返航途中 的种种遭遇，荷马之后的赫西俄德写了《神谱》和《工作与时日》希腊诸神的渊源， 历史的发端。公元前六世纪到公元前三世纪间，希腊三为悲剧大师埃斯库罗斯、索福 克勒斯、欧里匹得斯的经典著作也极大的丰富了希腊神话的内容。古希腊神话主要包 括神的故事、英雄传说。前者包括关于天地的开辟、神的产生、神的谱系、人的起源 和神的活动等故事。古希腊神话里希腊有十二主神，他们住在希腊北部的奥斯匹斯山上。他们是管雷电的天神宙斯、天后家空之神赫拉、海神波塞东、太阳神阿波罗、月 亮神阿尔忒弥斯、智慧女神雅典娜、爱与美女神阿弗洛狄特、战神阿瑞斯、火与工匠 神赫尔斯托斯、众神使者赫尔墨斯、农神得墨忒耳、灶神赫斯提亚。此外还有小神仙 爱神厄洛斯、学问和艺术女神缪斯、大力神赫拉克勒斯。古希腊神话除诸神外还有英 雄传说，主要反映的是遥远的古代社会生活及人类心智、物质发展之后与自然的斗争，还有许多是反映人们生产斗争知识的。对与中国神话零散、片段化、孤立、情节简单 不同，希腊神话自成体系、完整、情节丰富曲折，具有非常大的魅力。 古希腊神话中也有人兽同体的遗迹，他们是诸神的祖先。希腊神话包括神的故事 和英雄传说两个部分。神的故事涉及宇宙和人类的起源、神的产生及其谱系等内容。 相传古希腊有奥林匹斯十二大神。但古希腊神话的主要人物希腊十二主神都是与人同形、与人同性的，既有人的体态美，也有人的七情六欲，懂得喜怒哀乐，参与人的活

源于希腊神话的英文单词

精心整理西方文化有两个源头:一为希腊(Hellenic)文化,一为希伯莱(Hebrew)文化,而希腊文化中的希腊神话(Greekmythology)对英语影响非常广泛。表现在词汇方面就是英语吸收了部分词汇并将之沿用,而这些词又或是可分解词或是可溯源词。这些词源包含的信息不仅可帮助读者准确理解每个词的词义,增添记忆单词的乐趣,还能特别记录、描述英语与古希腊文化的差异和交流,具有很高的历史性和趣味性。由于罗马神话深受希腊神话的影响,故事情节与希腊神话大同小异,只不过人名不同,所以希腊神话时常和罗马神话联系在一起。希腊罗马神话就像神话故事中的灵泉,滋养着英语的词汇,产生了 还是Cupid,成天无所事事,在天上飞来飞去练习射箭,搞得大家人心惶惶。 所以他们衍生出的单词都含贬义:erotic色情的;cupidity贪心,贪婪。 中国是matchmaker媒婆 10、Hygeia:希腊健康女神,其形象为年轻女子,身着白色长衣(白大褂),头戴祭司冠,用饭碗喂着一条蛇。衍生词:hygiene（n卫生学）。 11、Morpheus:希腊神话中的梦神。梦神是睡神Hypnos的儿子,掌管人们的梦境。衍生词:morphine(吗啡),marijuana(大麻),两者都是opium(鸦片)的提取物。morphine有麻醉镇 定的作用。 12．Chaos：开天辟地的混沌之神＜反＞cosmos：宇宙，有序的整体

13．Zeus主神宙斯 14．Pluto冥界之神，阴间之神；因为具有“冥河之宝藏”而似的“-pluto”作为词根表示”财富”;eg:plutocracy财阀统治；plutolatry拜金主义pluto冥王星 15．Styx环绕冥土四周的冥河，阴河;styxstygian冥河的，阴间的；黑洞洞的；幽暗的16．Lethe忘川，冥府河流名，饮其水则会忘记过去；忘却，遗忘 lethargic昏昏欲睡的<>stimulate 冥界三河：Styx冥河/Lethe忘川河/Meader河 abyss地狱深渊 abysmal深的。深渊的 17．Poseidon海洋之神，海王 eristic争 )siren , ) Chimerical空想的，幻想中的；异想天开的，不可能的 31．Iris（为诸神报信的）彩虹女神 iridescent彩虹色的，灿烂光辉的 32．Zephyr西风之神；西风的拟人化用语；和风，轻风，微风；轻罗，细纱 33．Academy柏拉图学派；某个科学领域内的权威定论机构 34．Stoic斯多葛学派哲学（公元前4世纪由哲学家Zeno创立于雅典）；禁欲主义35．Peripateticism逍遥学派(由古希腊哲学家亚里士多德在学园内漫步讲学而得此名) peripatetic逍遥学派的,走来走去的 二源于希腊神话的英语习语 1、Pandora’sbox(潘朵拉的盒子):普罗米修斯(Prometheus)为人类盗来了天火,激怒了宙斯(Zeus)。Zeus 决定惩罚人类,于是他命令火神造出一个美貌的女人Pandora,

希腊罗马神话传说

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许多英语的成语来源于希腊神话，并且走入了人们的日常生活。如产生于特洛伊战争（the Trojan War）中的几个成语故事：apple of discord，意思是“不和的根源”。说的是不和女神艾瑞斯（Eris）在某个婚礼中投下一只金苹果，上面写着“送给最美的女神”。结果引起神后赫拉（Hera）、智慧女神雅典娜（Athene）和爱与美的女神阿芙洛狄特（Aphrodite）的争夺。最后她们去找特洛伊城（Troy）的王子帕里斯（Paris）裁决。三位女神向Paris许下了不同的诺言。Aphrodite 许诺说她将把世界上最美的女人送给Paris，于是Paris就把鑫苹果判给了Aphrodite.Hera和Athene非常生气，发誓要报复特洛伊人。后来，Paris出使希腊的斯巴达，在Aphrodite的帮助下，勾引走了斯巴达王后海伦（Helen）——当时世界上最美丽的女人。Paris拐走了Helen，激起了全体希腊人的公愤，于是希腊各国组成联军，远征特洛伊人。战争中，Aphrodite支持特洛伊人，Hera 和Athene支持希腊人。由一只苹果引发了战争，因此apple of discord意思就是“不和的根源，发生纠纷的事端”。这次战争中涌现了许多英雄，阿基里斯（Achilles）就是其中之一。幼年时，他母亲为了使他有不死之身，提着他的脚在冥河中将他全身浸过，使刀枪不能伤害他，唯独脚跟没有浸过冥河水，结果在同Paris作战时，被Paris用毒箭射中脚跟而死，因此Achilles' heel（阿基里斯之踵）就成了“致命的弱点”的同义语。特洛伊战争的最后一年，希腊人采用了“木马计”（the Trojan Horse），在Hera和Athene的帮助下，攻陷了特洛伊城。由于Helen导致了特洛伊城的沦陷，因此Helen of Troy就成了“红颜祸水，倾国尤物”的代名词。 再如：the sword of Damocles（达摩克利斯之剑），Damocles是叙拉古王朝的一位大臣，非常羡慕帝王的荣华富贵。一天，国王让他坐在王位上，在Damocles的头上用一根头发悬一把利剑，告诉他王权的危险就象那把剑一样，随时可能降临。因此the sword of Damocles就成了“富贵中隐藏的危险”的同义语，也可以指形势危急，千钧一发；Damon and Pythias：Damon和Pythias 是好朋友。Pythias出事被判了死刑，为了使他能够回家控视亲人，Damon留在牢中作人质，如果Pythias不按时返回，就处死Damon.当期限满，临处刑之际，Pythias及时赶回。国王深受感动，将二人全部释放，因此，Damon and Pythias 意思就是“生死之交”。 经常说的“潘朵拉的盒子”（Pandora's box）来自这样一个故事：普罗米修斯（Prometheus）为人类盗来了天火，激怒了宙斯（Zeus）。Zeus决定惩罚人类，于是他命令火神造出一个美貌的女人Pandora，让她去勾引Prometheus 的弟弟埃比米修斯（Epimetheus）。结果Epimetheus上当，接近了Pandora，Pandora于是就将手中的盒子打开，放出了里面的罪恶、灾难、疾病、不幸，只留下了“希望”在盒子里。于是Pandora's box就成了“灾难的根源”的代名词。 Penelop's web是来自于史诗奥德赛（Odyssey）的一则成语：泊涅罗珀（Penelop）是奥底修斯（Odysseus）的妻子，以忠贞而著称。特洛伊战争打了十年，Odysseus在返家的途中又耽搁了十年。在这漫长的二十年中，许多王公贵族向Penelop求婚，她都托辞说必须等织完布后才能予以考虑，一到晚上，她又将白天织好的布再拆开。因此Penelop's web就成了一项永远也完不成的工作。

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与希腊罗马神话相关的英文单词和表达 希腊神话中的诸神 1．Flora（弗罗拉）：古希腊罗马神话中的花神。她嫁给了西风之神Zephyr，丈夫送给她一座满是奇花异草的园子。春天时，Flora和丈夫Zephyr手挽手在园子里漫步，他们一路走过的地方百花齐放。Flora在现代英语里指代“植物”。 由Flora衍生的词有：flower（鲜花），flour（面粉），flourish（茂盛），florist （花商，种花人）等。 2．Muses（缪斯）：希腊神话中掌管艺术的诸神。共九位，分别是历史、抒情诗、喜剧（牧歌、田园诗）、悲剧、歌舞、爱情诗、颂歌、天文、史诗。由Muses 衍生出来的词有：music（音乐），museum（博物馆），amusement（娱乐）等。3．Pan（潘）：牧神和森林之神，受打扰时会大声吼叫。由Pan衍生的词有：panic （惊慌，恐慌）等。 4．Titan（泰坦）：曾统治世界的巨人族的一员。Titan在现代英语里指代高大强壮的人，重要人物。由Titan衍生出来的词有titanic（巨大的），世界著名豪华游轮“泰坦尼克号”便以此得名。 5．Zephyrus（泽费罗斯）：西风之神。由Zephyrus衍生的词有zephyr（西风，微风）等。 6．Atlas（阿特拉斯）：希腊神话中Titans（泰坦）巨神之一，因背叛主神Zeus （宙斯）被罚在世界的西边尽头以双肩扛天。16世纪地理学家麦卡脱把Atlas 擎天的图作为一本地图册的卷首插图。后人争相效仿，atlas从此有了地图、地图集、身负重担的人的含义。其他衍生词：Atlantic（大西洋）。7．Ceres（克瑞斯）：庄稼保护神。古罗马（ancient Rome）遭受大旱，教士们求助女巫占卜，占卜的结果是要立一位新的女神Ceres，向她供奉，这样她就会给大地带来雨水。此后，Ceres就变成了庄稼的保护神。由Ceres衍生的词有：cereals（谷类，早餐麦片）等。 8．Cronos（克洛诺斯）：宙斯的父亲。害怕子女反抗自己，曾吞食自己的后代。 就像无情的时间，吞噬一切。因此词根“chron”意指“time”。由Cronos衍生的词有：chronic（耗费时间的，慢性的），chronology（年代学，年表）等。9．Eros（厄洛斯）：爱神。是一位生有双翼的美少年，相当于罗马神话中的Cupid

希腊神话人物分析英文版

Greek Mythology Today I'm very happy to have this opportunity to show you our presentation. Greek Mythology is a group of traditional tales told by the ancient Greeks. It talks about the deeds of gods, heroes and their relations with human beings. Greek Mythology is not just a literary works; it is also a production of culture of that time and an exhibition of the social surroundings and problems of the current western countries. If we want to know western culture, we need to read this book. It is a summary about gods and heroes story of the ancient Greek nation. It mixed up the real life with the fantasies. After reading the book Greek Mythology, I'm sure everybody is interested in the goddess in this fantastic masterpiece, so I will share with you some of our ideas. Juno was the principal wife of Jupiter, and, as queen of heaven, participated in the honors paid to Jupiter. Juno appears to be the sublime embodiment of strict, matronly and virtue, and is on that account the protectress of purity and married women. Faultless herself in her fidelity as a wife, she is essentially the type of the sanctity of the marriage tie. So strongly was she imbued with this hatred of any immorality, that, finding herself so often called upon to punish the failings of both gods and men in this respect, she became jealous, harsh, and vindictive. She seemed to be hard-hearted to those gods who were sent many blessings by Jupiter. Latona was just a typical example. Juno changed herself into fierce and dreadful forms to frighten Latona and her children - Apollo and Diana to run from the beautiful garden which Jupiter had found for her. Then she followed and tormented Latona in many ways such as sent wild animals to howl horribly behind her when Latona grew tired and to rest. Juno also changed Callisto into a great furry bear when she found that Jupiter was so pleased with Callisto?s charm and goodness. Her exalted position as the wife of the supreme deity, combined with her extreme beauty, caused her to become exceedingly vain, and she consequently resented with great severity any infringement on her rights as queen of heaven, or any apparent slight on her personal appearance. Juno…s character was just like a jealous and manipulative woman in our daily life. Venus was appointed goddess of Love and Marriage．She represented sex, affection and the attraction that binds people together. With the help of her little son，Eros，the god of love，she made many a tale of happiness and sadness in the life of gods and men．Though Venus was regarded as the symbol of extreme beauty, she still showed a human-like emotion. Venus was much vexed by Psyche who was a princess famous of her beauty. Although her little son Eros - - the god of love fell in love with Psyche. Venus tried every method to break them up. Obviously, Venus was jealous of Psyche?s beauty. In another story, Venus made Pygmalion…s (a sculptor) dream come true, only because she was delighted with the loveliness of Pygmalion?s statue which looked much like herself. Venus spent all her life in the pursuit of love, but her enthusiasm for love is temporary. What?s more, she isn?t single-minded in love. Venus created a personality image with strong vanity and beautiful appearance. She stressed the women's instinct to pay more attention to the appearance. And these points made Venus more act like human beings.