企业成本控制外文翻译参考文献

企业成本控制外文翻译参考文献

企业成本控制外文翻译参考文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)

译文：

成本控制

成本控制，也被称为遏制成本或管理成本，一个广阔的成本管理技术，它的经济增长目标是降低成本提高企业效率。企业使用的成本控制方法，监测，评价，并最终提升效率的具体领域，如部门、产品线。

20世纪90年代的成本控制措施，受到了美国企业的首要关注。一般而言，外包企业重组、撤资的外围活动，大规模裁员等成本控制

战略被认为是升提升企业利润和维持企业竞争优势的需要。其目的往往是降低企业的生产成本，这样该企业给出的销售价格就比其竞争对手具更大的利润。

一些成本控制的支持者认为，这种战略的成本削减计划必须慎重，因为并非所有降低成本的方法，都会对企业产生有利的影响。在20世纪90年代的一个显著的例子,首席执行官邓拉普,绰号“电锯阿尔”，尽管他大幅降低企业的生产成本，但他领导的小器具制造公司依旧未能盈利。邓拉普解雇了成千上万的工人和出售企业的业务,在他担任CEO两年内贡献不大，公司的竞争地位和股票的价格大幅下滑。因此，在1998年公司董事会解雇了邓拉普，对他“成本控制一招”的管理方法失去了信心。

成本控制是一个持续的过程，与拟议的年度预算配合使用。该预算有助于：（1）组织、协调生产和销售、服务和管理职能;（2）采取最大程度地利用现有的机会。根据财政历年的进步形式，将预算与实际结果作比，生成新的计划和经验教训，用以评价目前的行动。

控制是指通过管理层的努力来影响个人的行为，由谁负责执行任务,承担成本,并获得收入。管理是一个过程，将其分为两个阶段：规划是指管理计划的方式，希望人们人们能够执行的程序，而控制是指受雇于这些计划的程序是否符合实际表现。通过预算过程管理和会计控制、建立全面的公司目标,明确责任中心，确定各责任中心的具体目标,设计的程序和标准报到和评价。

一个分部的业务纳入预算的组成部分，由责任方控制的。责任中

心适用于组织单位和职能部门。通常一个人单独负责的责任中心更具实质性，如果控制活动不彻底，中心控制的人在活动过程中，难以得到预期的活动结果。成本中心只负责管理费用，也就是说，他们不产生收益。例如会计部门，人力资源管理部门，内部服务和类似提供内部服务的部门。利润中心承担利润和费用的收入责任。例如，生产线或一个独立的业务部门可能会被认为是利润中心。如果利润中心有自己的资产，它也可被视为一个投资中心，由此才能确定投资回报。责任中心使用的控制报告使管理者更具责任性，并且有助对利润的计划。

预算案还规定了参考标准，表明了这次活动的级别、各单位负责人、能使用的资源及预期出现的结果。建立一个预算责任中心，规定其责任中心代表所承担的责任，并确定组织内的决策点。

规划过程提供了两种控制机制：

前馈：提供一个在行动点（决策点）控制的基础;

反馈：提供一种测量实施后的控制基础。

管理层的作用是引导公司未来的走向，明确决策，协调和指导员工活动。管理部门还通过发展监督程序,收集、记录、评估反馈。因此,有效的管理控制结果,是通过制定计划，提供资源，进行适当的培训,引导员工的集体组织意识，从而提高评价和反馈的质量及结果。

控制报告是告诉管理者一个实体的活动的管理信息报告。管理层提出控制报告仅供内部使用,因此，指示财务部门发展量身订作的报告格式。会计向管理层提供一种格式来检测管理的变化。此外，管理

层还提到了企业的对外报告和特定行业的常规报告如损益表和资金

报表。

控制报告能提供管理层足够的信息量，使管理人员可从最初的预算中分析的成本差异的原因。一个好的控制报告能突出不同管理层所需的重要信息。

由于企业成功的关键因素（如种类和数量）是在变化的，所以会计控制报告必须及时修改。会计期间各不相同的控制报告必须涵盖整个期间，由此管理层才可以采取有效的补救措施。此外，会计控制报告的及时传播，给管理层足够的时间采取行动。

当进行有效的管理，企业达到的目标将和预算确定的目标一致。管理者成功的程度取决于利润，管理人员在行动的时应意识到自己更有效地对费用进行控制取得的收入也会更多。

虽然他们不能预测销售的时间和实际销售数量，他们可以决定他们的大部分资源的利用率，也就是说，他们可以影响成本方面。因此，管理性能的优良可从其运作的成本控制方面进行评价。

出于成本控制的目的，预算规定了企业的标准开支。正如管理结构的预算，它勾画出一个路线图，指导企业的工作。它阐述了一定销售数量的假设条件下，企业的经济关系和互动能力,市场动态,它的销售队伍,及其承载力,以提供正确的数量和质量要求。

会计在企业的规划和控制中扮演了一个关键角色。它渗透在以下四个关键领域：（1）数据收集，（2）数据分析，（3）预算控制和管理，以及（4）整理和审查。

会计师事务所在设计和获取支持程序方面的规划过程中发挥关

键作用。此外,他们还收集和传播企业用于销售和预订有关的详细资料。

经营管理人员有责任对企业各元素进行规划、编译和协调，并根据会计科目的可行性及预算利润率的分析来确定符合公认的标准和

规范。

管理者依赖会计数据和分析选择不同形式的成本控制方案,管理者可以指导会计部门专门准备这些期权报告的评估。电锯阿尔事件说明，削减大部分费用成本的措施不可作为实施可行目标的途径。例如，在大规模裁员中，该公司可能会失去它的很大一部分人力资本裁掉的老员工可能是他们领域的专家。因此，管理层必须确定哪些成本具有战略意义。

确定削减成本的战略冲击，管理者必须斟酌提出的变动对所有事务区域的实际影响。例如，降低与制造产品直接相关的可变成本，如材料和运输成本，可能是获得更大利润的关键。但管理层还必须考虑节约生产资金是否危害其他战略利益像质量或产品进入市场的时间。如果便宜的材料或其他运输系统会产生负面影响，这种情况下，管理者需要谨记不能因眼前好处而丢失长远利益。

成本控制中的一个趋势是缩小企业责任中心，从而将一些日常的成本控制功能进行整合。这种做法的目的是实施自下而上的成本控制措施，并鼓励达成成本管理战略的广泛共识。

原文：

COST CONTROL

Roger J. AbiNader

Cost control, also known as cost management or cost containment, is a broad set of cost accountingmethods and management techniques with the common goal of improving business cost-efficiency by reducing costs, or at least restricting their rate of growth. Businesses use cost control methods to monitor, evaluate, and ultimately enhance the efficiency of specific areas, such as departments, divisions, or product lines, within their operations.

During the 1990s cost control initiatives received paramount attention from corporate America. Often taking the form of corporate restructuring, divestmentof peripheral activities, mass layoffs,or outsourcing,cost control strategies were seen as necessary to preserve—or boost—corporate profits and to maintain—or gain—a competitive advantage. The objective was often to be the low-cost producer in a given industry, which would typically allow the company to take a greater profit per unit of sales than its competitors at a given price level.

Some cost control proponents believe that such strategic cost-cutting

must be planned carefully, as not all cost reduction techniques yield the same benefits. In a notable late 1990s example, chief executive Albert J. Dunlap, nicknamed "Chainsaw Al" because of his penchant for deep cost cutting at the companies he headed, failed to restore the ailing small appliance maker Sunbeam Corporation to profitability despite his drastic cost reduction tactics. Dunlap laid off thousands of workers and sold off business units, but made little contribution to Sunbeam's competitive position or share price in his two years as CEO. Consequently, in 1998 Sunbeam's board fired Dunlap, having lost confidence in his "one-trick" approach to management.

Behavioral management deals with the attitudes and actions of employees. While employee behavior ultimately impacts on success, behavioral management involves certain issues and assumptions not applicable to accounting's control function. On the other hand, performance evaluation measures outcomes of employee's actions by comparing the actual results of business outcomes to predetermined standards of success. In this way management identifies the strengths it needs to maximize, and the weaknesses it seeks to rectify. This process of evaluation and remedy is called cost control.

Cost control is a continuous process that begins with the proposed annual budget. The budget helps: (1) to organize and coordinate production, and the selling, distribution, service, and administrative

functions; and (2) to take maximum advantage of available opportunities. As the fiscal year progresses, management compares actual results with those projected in the budget and incorporates into the new plan the lessons learned from its evaluation of current operations.

Control refers to management's effort to influence the actions of individuals who are responsible for performing tasks, incurring costs, and generating revenues. Management is a two-phased process: planningrefers to the way that management plans and wants people to perform, while controlrefers to the procedures employed to determine whether actual performance complies with these plans. Through the budget process and accounting control, management establishes overall company objectives, defines the centers of responsibility, determines specific objectives for each responsibility center, and designs procedures and standards for reporting and evaluation.

A budget segments the business into its components or centers where the responsible party initiates and controls action. Responsibility centersrepresent applicable organizational units, functions, departments, and divisions. Generally a single individual heads the responsibility center exercising substantial, if not complete, control over the activities of people or processes within the center and controlling the results of their activity. Cost centersare accountable only for expenses, that is, they do not generate revenue. Examples include accounting departments, human

resources departments, and similar areas of the business that provide internal services. Profit centersaccept responsibility for both revenue and expenses. For example, a product line or an autonomous business unit might be considered profit centers. If the profit center has its own assets, it may also be considered an investment center,for which returns on investment can be determined. The use of responsibility centers allows management to design control reports to pinpoint accountability, thus aiding in profit planning.

A budget also sets standards to indicate the level of activity expected from each responsible person or decision unit, and the amount of resources that a responsible party should use in achieving that level of activity. A budget establishes the responsibility center, delegates the concomitant responsibilities, and determines the decision points within an organization.

The planning process provides for two types of control mechanisms: Feedforward: providing a basis for control at the point of action (the decision point); and

Feedback: providing a basis for measuring the effectiveness of control after implementation.

Management's role is to feedforwarda futuristic vision of where the company is going and how it is to get there, and to make clear decisions coordinating and directing employee activities. Management also

oversees the development of procedures to collect, record, and evaluate feedback.Therefore, effective management controls results from leading people by force of personality and through persuasion; providing and maintaining proper training, planning, and resources; and improving quality and results through evaluation and feedback.

Control reports are informational reports that tell management about an entity's activities. Management requests control reports only for internal use, and, therefore, directs the accounting department to develop tailor-made reporting formats. Accounting provides management with a format designed to detect variations that need investigating. In addition, management also refers to conventional reports such as the income statement and funds statement, and external reports on the general economy and the specific industry.

Control reports, then, need to provide an adequate amount of information so that management may determine the reasons for any cost variances from the original budget. A good control report highlights significant information by focusing management's attention on those items in which actual performance significantly differs from the standard.

Because key success factors shift in type and number, accounting revises control reports when necessary. Accounting also varies the control period covered by the control report to encompass a period in which management can take useful remedial action. In addition, accounting

企业成本控制外文翻译文献

企业成本控制外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

译文： 在价值链的成本控制下减少费用和获得更多的利润 摘要： 根据基于价值链的成本管理理念和基于价值的重要因素是必要的。首先，必须有足够的资源，必须创造了有利的价值投资，同时还需要基于客户价值活动链，以确定他们的成本管理优势的价值链。其次，消耗的资源必须尽量减少，使最小的运营成本价值链和确保成本优势是基于最大商业价值或利润，这是一种成本控制系统内部整个视图的创建和供应的具实践，它也是一种成本控制制度基于价值链，包括足够的控制和必要的资源投资价值的观点，创建和保持消费的资源到合理的水平，具有价值的观点主要对象的第一个因素是构造有利的价值链，从创造顾客价值开始；第二个因素是加强有利的价值链，从供应或生产客户价值开始。因此它是一个新型的理念，去探索成本控制从整个视图的创建和供应的商品更盈利企业获得可持续的竞争优势。 关键词：成本控制，价值链，收益，支出，收入，成本会计 1、介绍 根据价值链理论，企业的目的是创造最大的顾客价值；和企业的竞争优势在于尽可能提供尽可能多的价值给他们的客户，作为低成本可能的。这要求企业必须首先考虑他们是否能为顾客创造价值，和然后考虑在很长一段时间内如何创造它。然而，竞争一直以“商品”（或“产品”）作为最直接的载体，因此，传统的成本控制方法主要集中在对“产品”和生产流程的过程。很显然，这不能解决企业的问题，企业是否或如何能为客户创造价值。换句话说，这至少不能从根本上解决它。 因此，企业必须首先投入足够的资源，以便他们能够创建客户值取向，然后提供它以最少的资源费用。所以在整个视图中对价值创造和提供整体的观点来控制成本，它可以为客户提供完美的动力和操作运行机制运行成本的控制，也可以从根本上彻底克服了传统的成本控制方法的缺点，解决了无法控制的创造和供应不足的真正价值。基于此，本文试图从创作的整体观讨论成本控制提供价值并探讨实现良性循环的策略，也就是说，“创造价值投资成本供应价值创造价值”。 2、成本及其控制的基于价值链理念 2.1基于价值链的成本观念 根据价值链理论，如果企业是要被客户接受，它必须创造和提供能满足其客户的价值。因此，成本（价值或资源支付费用）这不离为创造和提供顾客价值的活动，其活动的价值链。因此，我们应该从价值链角度看成本的重要。

成本管理外文文献及翻译

成本管理外文文献 China's Enterprise Cost Management Analysis and Countermeasures Abstract: With the progress and China's traditional Cost Management model difficult to adapt to an increasingly competitive market environment. This paper exists in our country a number of Cost Management and finally put forward to address these issues a number of measures to strengthen Cost Management. Keywords:: Cost Management measures In a market economy conditions, as the global economic integration, the development of increasingly fierce market competition, corporate profit margins shrinking. In this case, the level of high and low business costs directly determines the size of an enterprise profitability and competitive strength. Therefore, strengthen enterprise Cost Management business has become an inevitable choice for the survival and development. First, the reality of China's Enterprise Cost Management Analysis Cost Management in our country after years of development, has made many achievements, but now faces a new environment, China's Cost Management has also exposed some new problems, mainly in the following aspects: (A) Cost Management concept behind the Chinese enterprises lag behind the concept of Cost Management in pervasive phenomenon, mainly in Cost Management of the scope, purpose and means from time to biased. Many enterprises will continue to limit the scope of Cost Management within the enterprise or even only the production process at the expense of other related companies and related fields cost behavior management. We supply side, for example. The supply side of the price of the product cost of doing business, one of the most important motives. As the supply side of the price of the product and its cost plus profit, so the supply side of price in the form of its own costs to the enterprise. However, some enterprises to the supply side too much rock bottom price, as their source of high profits, without considering each other's interests, resulting in supply-side to conceal their true costs, price increase in disguise. This increase in procurement costs, thereby increasing commodity costs, making goods less competitive. The purpose of Cost Management from the point of view, many enterprises confined to lower costs, but less from the perspective of cost-effectiveness of the effectiveness of the means of cost reduction mainly rely on savings, can not be cost-effective. In traditional Cost Management, Cost Management purposes has been reduced to cut costs, saving has become the basic means to reduce costs. From the perspective of Cost Management to analyze the Cost Management of this goal, not difficult to find cost-reduction is conditional and limits, and in some cases, control of costs, could lead to product quality and enterprise efficiency decline. In addition, the vast majority of enterprises in the overall concept of lack of Cost

第三方物流外文文献(原文与翻译)

我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 熊卫 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。 【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大，具体表现在以下几个方面： 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发，其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的，尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业，本身的规模就很小，国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候，国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时，国外的物流组织能力非常强大，例如德国一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家，那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力就是这第三方物流公司的核心能力，而不像国内公司号称拥有多少条船，多少辆车。 3、我国加入WTO后物流产业的门槛降低。在物流服务业方面：我国承诺所有的服务行业，在经过合理过渡期后，取消大部分外国股权限制，不限制外国服务供应商进入

物流成本控制中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文翻译 原文 Logistics costs and controlling Abstract Logistic costs are defined differently in companies. In many cases, the reported logistic costs of companies even within the same business differ more than justified by their operations. Some companies do not count interest and depreciation on inventories as logistic costs. Others include the distribution costs of their suppliers or the purchasing costs. In some cases, even the purchase value of the procured goods is included in the logistic costs (Baumgarten et al. 1993; Gudehus and Kotzab 2004; Weber 2002). Logistic costs are defined differently in companies. In many cases, the reported logistic costs of companies even within the same business differ more than justified by their operations. Some companies do not count interest and depreciation on inventories as logistic costs. Others include the distribution costs of their suppliers or the purchasing costs. In some cases, even the purchase value of the procured goods is included in the logistic costs (Baumgarten et al. 1993; Gudehus and Kotzab 2004; Weber 2002).

中小企业物流成本控制策略【文献综述】

文献综述 物流管理 中小企业物流成本控制策略 一、引言 物流成本控制与管理是企业物流管理的一项核心内容，物流成本的高低直接关系到企业利润水平的高低。企业物流成本应在控制方式与管理策略上均有所创新。目前，美国、日本作为经济强国特别注重物流成本的研究，并取得了不错的效果，而我国物流概念引入的比较晚，虽取得了不错的成绩，但我国物流管理与发达国家物流管理水平相比还是有巨大的差距。长期以来，我国成本控制的重点多是生产成本或其它运营成本，物流成本一直被忽视，而一些国际著名的物流公司如丹麦马士基、法国家乐福等，正是看到了中国物流产业如此巨大的利润空间，纷纷进入内地市场。由此看来，加强物流成本的控制与管理刻不容缓。 二、主题 1．国外物流成本研究动态 1956年，霍华德·T·莱维斯(Howard T.Lewls)、詹姆斯·W·克里顿(James W.Culiton)和杰克·D·斯蒂勒(Jack D.Steele)3人撰写《物流中航空货运的作用》一书，在书中他们指出航空货运尽管运费比较高，但是由于它能直接向顾客进行商品配送，因而节约了货物的在库维持费和仓库管理费，因此，应当从物流费用总体上来评价运输手段的优缺点。霍华德等学者的研究第一次在物流管理中导入了整体成本的分析概念，深化了物流活动分析的内容。 1961年爱德华.W斯马凯伊、罗纳德.J.鲍尔索克斯和弗兰克.H.莫斯曼撰写了《物流管理》，这是世界上第一本介绍物流管理的教科书，在该书中他们详细论述了物流系统以及整体成本的概念，为物流成本管理的研究奠定了基础。 1962年美国著名经济学家彼得.德鲁克在《财富》杂志发表文章指出，物流是“经营的黑暗大陆”，强调应当高度重视流通及流通过程中的物流管理。“黑大陆”学说是对物流本身的正确评价:这个领域未知的东西还很多，理论与实践都不成熟。 1970年日本早稻田大学的西泽修教授提出来的“物流冰山”学说。他在研究物流成本时发现，现行的财务会计制度和会计核算方法都不能掌握物流费用的实际情况，我们平时所注意的公司对外支付的物流费用只是浮于水面上的冰山一角，真正巨大的隐性成本是隐藏在水

成本控制【外文翻译】

外文翻译 原文 Cost Control Material Source:Encyclopedia of business,2 and ed. Author:Anthony, Robet N 1 Cost Control Cost control, also known as cost management or cost containment, is a broad set of cost accounting methods and management techniques with the common goal of improving business cost-efficiency by reducing costs, or at least restricting their rate of growth. Businesses use cost control methods to monitor, evaluate, and ultimately enhance the efficiency of specific areas, such as departments, divisions, or product lines, within their operations. During the 1990s cost control initiatives received paramount attention from corporate America. Often taking the form of corporate restructuring, divestment of peripheral activities, mass layoffs, or outsourcing, cost control strategies were seen as necessary to preserve—or boost—corporate profits and to maintain—or gain—a competitive advantage. The objective was often to be the low-cost producer in a given industry, which would typically allow the company to take a greater profit per unit of sales than its competitors at a given price level. Some cost control proponents believe that such strategic cost-cutting must be planned carefully, as not all cost reduction techniques yield the same benefits. In a notable late 1990s example, chief executive Albert J. Dunlap, nicknamed "Chainsaw Al" because of his penchant for deep cost cutting at the companies he headed, failed to restore the ailing small appliance maker Sunbeam Corporation to profitability despite his drastic cost reduction tactics. Dunlap laid off thousands of workers and sold off business units, but made little contribution to Sunbeam's competitive position or share price in his two years as CEO. Consequently, in 1998 Sunbeam's board fired Dunlap, having lost confidence in his "one-trick" approach to management. A complex business requires frequent information about operations in order to plan for the future, to control present activities, and to evaluate the past performance of managers, employees, and related business segments. To be successful,

成本控制和成本管理战略【外文翻译】

外文翻译 原文 Cost-Containment and Cost-Management Strategies Material Source: Author: Alan f. Goldberg ,William P. Fleming The leadership and boards of trustees of all healthcare organizations are the ultimate stewards of the limited resources available to best meet community needs. The strategic planning process leads the organization down a clear path of setting priorities, making choices, and taking action. The day a new cancer center opens or the latest technology arrives is an exciting one for the community. After the ribbon cutting, these new programs become the responsibility of the hospital's service line directors or clinical managers. Their staffing is based on projections and other assumptions that may or may not be on point but have a direct impact on the operations and finances of the organization. As part of normal decision making for a hospital's new initiatives, a payer mix and revenue stream were predicted. Now two significant environmental events have made projections more uncertain and put aggressive cost management on center stage: the economic downturn and payment reform. The economic downturn affecting hospitals began in the fall of 2008. Its broad impact on the organization was described by Goldberg and Petasnick (2010): With credit markets drying up, unemployment rising, consumer confidence eroding, and employee morale shaken, healthcare system executives had their hands full. The combined result of the turmoil made the old adage "cash is king" truer than ever. As consumers pulled back and individuals lost health insurance, hospitals experienced losses in volume for elective, nonemergent healthcare. Financial operating results suffered. Meanwhile, losses in investment values eliminated the safety net reserves created by nonoperating income. Many hospitals and healthcare systems were forced to consider or enact layoffs and postpone or cancel capital-intensive projects. All were required to rethink their strategic plans. Because of the economic downturn and high unemployment, which led to income declines and individuals losing job-based healthcare coverage, Medicaid enrollment is projected to increase 10.5 percent in fiscal 2010.

第三方物流成本中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译 The application of third party logistics to implement the Just-In-Time system with minimum cost under a global environment Abstract The integration of the Just-In-Time (JIT) system with supply chain management has been attracting more and more attention recently. Within the processes of the JIT system, the upstream manufacturer is required to deliver products using smaller delivery lot sizes, at a higher delivery frequency. For the upstream manufacturer who adopts sea transportation to deliver products, a collaborative third party logistics (3PL) can act as an interface between the upstream manufacturer and the downstream partner so that the products can be delivered globally at a lower cost to meet the JIT needs of the downstream partner. In this study, a quantitative JIT cost model

工程管理专业外文翻译--项目成本控制剖析(可编辑修改word版)

项目成本控制 1施工企业成本控制原则 施工企业的成本控制是以施工项目成本控制为中心，施工项目成本控制原则是企业成本管理的基础和核心，施工企业项目经理部在对项目施工过程进行成本控制时，必须遵循以下基本原则。 1.1成本最低化原则。施工项目成本控制的根本目的，在于通过成本管理的各种手段，促进不断降低施工项目成本，以达到可能实现最低的目标成本的要求。在实行成本最低化原则时，应注意降低成本的可能性和合理的成本最低化。一方面挖掘各种降低成本的能力，使可能性变为现实；另一方面要从实际出发，制定通过主观努力可能达到合理的最低成本水平。 1.2全面成本控制原则。全面成本管理是全企业、全员和全过程的管理，亦称“三全”管理。项目成本的全员控制有一个系统的实质性内容，包括各部门、各单位的责任网络和班组经济核算等等，应防止成本控制人人有责，人人不管。项目成本的全过程控制要求成本控制工作要随着项目施工进展的各个阶段连续进行，既不能疏漏，又不能时紧时松，应使施工项目成本自始至终置于有效的控制之下。 1.3动态控制原则。施工项目是一次性的，成本控制应强调项目的中间控制，即动 态控制。因为施工准备阶段的成本控制只是根据施工组织设计的具体内容确定成本目标、编制成本计划、制订成本控制的方案，为今后的成本控制作好准备。而竣工阶段的成本控制，由于成本盈亏已基本定局，即使发生了偏差，也已来不及纠正。 1.4目标管理原则。目标管理的内容包括：目标的设定和分解，目标的责任到位和执行，检查目标的执行结果，评价目标和修正目标，形成目标管理的计划、实施、检查、处理循环，即 PDCA 循环。 1.5责、权、利相结的原则。在项目施工过程中，项目经理部各部门、各班组在肩负成本控制责任的同时，享有成本控制的权力，同时项目经理要对各部门、各班组在成本控制中的业绩进行定期的检查和考评，实行有奖有罚。只有真正做好责、权、利相结合的成本控制，才能收到预期的效果。

Costcontrol成本控制外文翻译

Reference for business,Encyclopedia of Business.2nd ed,Cos Des Cost control Roger J. Binder Abstract Cost control, also known as cost management or cost containment, is a broad set of cost accounting methods and management techniques with the common goal of improving business cost-efficiency by reducing costs, or at least restricting their rate of growth. Businesses use cost control methods to monitor, evaluate, and ultimately enhance the efficiency of specific areas, such as departments, divisions, or product lines, within their operations. Control of the business entity, then, is essentially a managerial and supervisory function. Control consists of those actions necessary to assure that the entity's resources and operations are focused on attaining established objectives, goals and plans. Control, exercised continuously, flags potential problems so that crises may be prevented. It also standardizes the quality and quantity of output, and provides managers with objective information about employee performance. Management compares actual performance to predetermined standards and takes action when necessary to correct variances from the standards. Keywords: Cost control；Applications；Control reports；Standards；Strategic Cost control, also known as cost management or cost containment, is a broad set of cost accounting methods and management techniques with the common goal of improving business cost-efficiency by reducing costs, or at least restricting their rate of growth. Businesses use cost control methods to monitor, evaluate, and ultimately enhance the efficiency of specific areas, such as departments, divisions, or product lines, within their operations. During the 1990s cost control initiatives received paramount attention from corporate America. Often taking the form of corporate restructuring, divestment of

【最新推荐】【推荐】作业成本法与物流成本核算外文文献翻译

原文文献 The Activity-based Costing and Logistics Cost Accounting Ewering C Abstract At this stage of manufacturers, along with computers, databases, networks, communications technology in the manufacturing industry, the emergence of enterprise resource planning ERP, Total Quality Management TQM, in a timely manner JIT production systems, such as advanced management methods to improve the business Productivity and changed the production environment, these new and emerging technology in response to customer demand, breaking the 20th century standard products since the beginning of mass production, stability of large-scale production. Replace it with more variety, low-volume, personalized flexible production, manufacturing of very high degree of automation. This new manufacturing environment for enterprises recreates a competitive advantage. In this type situation, to reduce the cost of doing business has entered a new stage, not just from the reduction of production inputs and lower labor costs to keep costs down side, but also focus on mining as abusiness links in the cost of what happened. In accordance with the1 Introduction For manufacturing enterprise in the new period, to strengthen

(餐饮管理)餐饮业成本控制方案

餐饮业成本控制方案 成本控制是餐饮管理的主要内容之一，对餐厅餐厅的经营具有决定性意义。 一、成本控制的重要性 1．餐饮成本控制关系到产品的规格，质量和销售价格，因产品的售价是以食品成本和规定的毛利率来计算的，成本的高低直接影响其售价，因此搞好成本控制是餐饮工作的必需。 2．成本控制有利于满足宾客需要并维护宾客的利益。宾客到餐厅就餐，不仅希望能够享受到精美的菜点和热情的款待，更希望餐饮产品物美价廉，而为保证这一点，就必须进行成本控制。 3．成本控制直接关系到餐厅以至于整个餐厅的营业收入和利润。餐厅在满足宾客的餐饮需求的同时，还担负着为餐厅提供盈利的任务。如果成本失控，就会影响餐厅的经营成果，甚至造成不应有的亏损。因为，为保证餐厅的既得利益，就必须加强成本控制。 4．成本控制可以改善餐厅的经营管理。成本控制的关键取决于餐厅的经营管理水平，经营管理水平越高，成本控制就越好，反之就会产生成本失控现象。因此，搞好成本控制也既改善了餐

厅的经营管理。 二、成本控制 餐饮成本，包括食品原料成本、劳动力成本和设备折旧费用。而餐饮成本控制主要是控制原料成本，原料成本随着营业收入的变化而变化。营业收入增加，原料成本也随之增加，营业收入降低，原料成本也随之减少，如果没有营业收人，也就没有成本可言。 而劳动力成本和设备的折旧费用等等，不随营业收入的变化而变化，因此在这里只介绍食品、酒水的成本控制。 (一)食品成本控制 在餐厅的营业收入中，除去成本即为毛利。食品成本与营业收入之比，或减去毛利率，就是食品成本率，用公式表示为：食品成本率=食品成本/营业收入×100% 或：食品成本率=1-毛利率 所以说，在确定毛利率的同时也就决定了食品成本率。餐厅的食品成本率一旦确定，餐饮管理人员就应以此为依据，努力控制食品成本。 餐厅的业务活动从食品原料的采购，验收、库存，发放、粗加工、切配，烹饪、服务到收款，其经营环节较多，且每一环节都会影响到食品成本。因此，餐厅必须加强餐饮产品生产，服务，销售全过程的成本控制。

成本管理外文文献及翻译-译国译民

成本管理外文文献及翻译-译国译民译国译民翻译公司: 成本管理外文文献 China's Enterprise Cost Management Analysis and Countermeasures Abstract: With the progress and China's traditional Cost Management model difficult to adapt to an increasingly competitive market environment. This paper exists in our country a number of Cost Management and finally put forward to address these issues a number of measures to strengthen Cost Management. Keywords:: Cost Management measures In a market economy conditions, as the global economic integration, the development of increasingly fierce market competition, corporate profit margins shrinking. In this case, the level of high and low business costs directly determines the size of an enterprise profitability and competitive strength. Therefore, strengthen enterprise Cost Management business has become an inevitable choice for the survival and development. First, the reality of China's Enterprise Cost Management Analysis Cost Management in our country after years of development, has made many achievements, but now faces a new environment, China's Cost Management has

物流论文参考文献：浅谈企业物流成本控制思路

物流论文参考文献： 浅谈企业物流成本控制思路 摘要：由于物流冰山现象和效益背反现象的存在，企业物流成本居高不下。本文通过利用作业成本法对企业物流成本进行核算和分析，然后从作业管理等方面提出企业物流成本控制的思路和具体措施。 关键词：物流成本控制；作业成本法；作业管理 随着日本早稻田大学西泽修教授“第三利润源泉”概念的提出，越来越多的企业开始重视物流领域的成本效益原则。但是由于我国物流发展的现状以及物流成本核算体制的滞后，企业无法确切把握本企业的物流成本，从而很难对物流成本进行有效的管理和控制。如何解决日前物流成本控制问题，已经成为企业取得成本竞争优势的关键因素之一。 一、企业物流成本控制的问题 （一）物流冰山现象：“物流冰山”理论认为企业能单独列示在会计报表上的物流成本，只是很小的一部分，如同浮在水面上的冰山一角；而绝大多数物流成本是被混杂在其他费用中，如同在水面下的冰山主体部分，被企业所忽视。我国现行的企业会计实务也只把一小部分显性物流成本单独列示出来，而把大部分的隐性物流成本归为费用项目，很难对企业发生的各种物流费用进行全面和明确的计算与分析，管理者无法把握企业实际发生的物流成本，有效的物流成本控制也就无从谈起。 （二）效益背反现象：在物流这一系统中，物流成本与服务水平之间和物流各功能项目之间都存在效益背反现象。提高物流服务水平，必然导致物流成本的上升；降低订货成本，必然增加存储成本；降低包装成本，又会增加运输、装卸过程的破损成本。我国目前企业物流各功能部门只对本部门的成本负责，缺乏整体的规划和协调，企业小能从系统的角度出发，对企业的整体物流成本进行权衡和控制，所以物流总成本居高小下。 二、企业物流成本核算和分析 （一）正确核算物流成本，进行成本分析，是有效控制物流成本、实现现代物流管理的前提。 美国把物流成本分为库存费用、运输成本和物流管理费用三大类，日本运输省1997年颁布的《物流成本计算统一标准》根据物流范围、支付形式和物流功能三种方式对物流成本进行核算，而中国目前尚未建立统一的核算体系和标准。由于物流本身既是企业管理的一部分，又是对国民经济做出重要贡献的服务性行业，其成本核算的对象是与物流相关的服务活动或作业活动。这就决定了物流成本的核算体系小止是满足单纯的会计效益分析.还必须满足有利于其成本控制的要求。 根据我国目前的物流发展现状、成本核算体系，借鉴发达国家关于物流成本的分类标准，企业应把作业成本法的作业动因和物流的功能结合起来对企业物流成本进行分类，建立统一的物流成本核算体系。即把物流这一服务活动分为运输、库存、包装、装卸、流通加工、配送、信息处理等多项作业，据此把企业物流成本分为运输费、库存费、包装费、装卸费、流通加工费、配送费、信息费、管理费等，采用作业成本法进行成本核算。其中：库存费是指花费在存货的费用，小仅包括仓储的保管费，还包括库存占用资金的利息，理论上还应考虑因库存期过民造成的商品贬值、报废等代价；信息费是指处理、传输有关的物流信息而产生的费用，包括与存储管理、订货处理、客户服务有关的费用；管理费是指进行物流的计算、调整、控制所需要的费用，既包括作业现场的管理费，也包括企业物流管理部门的管理费。