Culture_shock

culture shock

Culture shock refers to the anxiety and feelings(of surprise, disorientation, uncertainty, confusion, etc.) felt when people have to operate within a different and unknown cultural or social environment, such as a foreign country. It grows out of the difficulties in assimilating the new culture, causing difficulty in knowing what is appropriate and what is not. This is often combined a dislike for or even disgust (moral or aesthetical) with certain aspects of the new or different culture. The term was introduced for the first time in 1954 by Kalervo Oberg.

Phases of culture shock

The shock (of moving to a foreign country) often consists of distinct phases, though not everyone passes through these phases and not everyone is in the new culture long enough to pass through all three:

?Honeymoon Phase - During this period the differences between the old and new culture are seen in a romantic light, wonderful and new. For example, in

moving to a new country, an individual might love the new foods, the pace of

the life, the people's habits, the buildings and so on.

?Negotiation Phase - After some time (usually weeks), differences between the old and new culture become apparent and may create anxiety. One may long

for food the way it is prepared in one's native country, may find the pace of

life too fast or slow, may find the people's habits annoying, etc. This phase is

often marked by mood swings caused by minor issues or without apparent

reason. Depression is not uncommon.

?Adjustment Phase - Again, after some time (usually 6 - 12 months), one grows accustomed to the new culture and develops routines. One knows what

to expect in most situations and the host country no longer feels all that new.

One becomes concerned with basic living again, and things become more

"normal".

?Reverse Culture Shock (a.k.a. Re-entry Shock) - Returning to one's home culture after growing accustomed to a new one can produce the same effects

as described above, which an affected person often finds more surprising and

difficult to deal with as the original culture shock.

There are three basic outcomes of the Adjustment Phase:

?Some people find it impossible to accept the foreign culture and integrate.

They isolate themselves from the host country's environment, which they

come to perceive as hostile, withdraw into a ghetto and see return to their own culture as the only way out. These people also have the greatest problems

re-integrating back home after return. Approx. 60% of expatriates behave in

this way.

?Some people integrate fully and take on all parts of the host culture while losing their original identity. They normally remain in the host country forever.

Approx. 10% of expatriates belong to this group.

?Some people manage to adapt the aspects of the host culture they see as positive, while keeping some of their own and creating their unique blend.

They have no major problems returning home or relocating elsewhere. Approx.

30% of expatriates are these so-called Cosmopolitans.

Coping with culture shock

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Experience makes it easier to cope with the difficulties of relocation. Some common strategies used to make the transition easier are:[2]:

?Learning about the country and its culture before departing: E.g. reading, studying the language or attending cultural classes. This way, the country and

its people are more familiar upon arrival, one is more aware of differences and better prepared to deal with them.

?Avoiding offence: Trying to not be offended, not offend locals, or be entangled in cultural misunderstanding.

?Being open-minded about the culture one visits and tolerant / accepting of its unfamiliar aspects.

?Taking a 'time out' or rest apart from cultural exchange in order to reduce the 'shock' of adjustment.

Some intercultural communication researchers claim that culture shock has many positive effects on intercultural sojourners, like increasing self-efficacy[3] and helping improve self-motivation.

Kalervo Oberg (1901-1973) was a world-renowned anthropologist. Oberg was dedicated to fieldwork, serving as a civil servant and a teacher. He traveled the world and wrote about these experiences so others could enjoy them as well.

Born to Finnish parents in British Columbia, Canada, Oberg is perhaps best known

for applying the term culture shock to all people who travel abroad into new cultures and for his doctoral dissertation, The Social Economy of the Tlingit Indians of Alaska. 主要经历四个阶段

发生“文化休克”的过程大体经历四个阶段：蜜月阶段、沮丧阶段、恢复调整阶段和适应阶段。

蜜月阶段：指学生刚来到新的环境后常常对将来的生活、学习充满美好的憧憬，对异地文化环境中的所见所闻都感到新鲜，处于乐观的、兴奋的“蜜月阶段”。

好景不长，很多新生来到新环境一段时间后，就会进入第二阶段———沮丧阶段：“蜜月”期过后，由于自己原有的环境因素、生活方式、生活习惯等与现实情况相去甚远，加上人生地不熟，孤独少援，导致种种生活不便，初来乍到时的新鲜和兴奋的感觉会渐渐被失望、失落、烦恼和焦虑所替代。

在经历了这段沮丧和迷惑之后，孩子会进入下一阶段———恢复调整阶段：孩子在逐渐适应了新生活之后，会找到对付新环境的办法，解开一些疑团，熟悉当地的环境，了解当地的风俗习惯，与周围的人接触多起来，逐步与同学建立起友谊关系。他们心理上的混乱、沮丧、孤独感会渐渐减少，慢慢适应异地文化的环境。

随后，学生们会进入———适应阶段：沮丧、烦恼和焦虑消失，基本上适应了新的文化环境，适应了当地的风俗习惯，能与周围的人和睦相处。其中绝大多数新生可以调整好心态，享受知识带来的乐趣；但也有一小部分新生不能正确应对已出现的“文化休克”，以致一蹶不振，严重影响自己的学习和生活。

预防应从现在开始

为了将“文化休克”的负面影响降到最小程度，对于那些独立生活和心理承受能力不强、即将离家走入新学校的孩子，家长们应充分利用目前这段时间进行相关的训练是必要的。首先，可以通过各种途径，充分了解将要就读学校所在地的风俗习惯、地理环境和人文知识。其次，可以让孩子进行有针对性的独立生活的模拟训练，例如从现在起，让孩子自己洗衣、做饭、整理房间。有条件的可以让孩子离家到陌生环境中小住几日。第三，增加体育锻炼强度，提高身体素质和毅力，为入学后参加高强度的军训打好基础。第四，扩大社交圈子，踊跃参加一些有益的社会活动，以开阔视野，学习如何处理人际关系。

“文化休克”(CulturalShock)是1958年美国人类学家奥博格(KalveroOberg)提出来的一个概念，是指一个人进入到不熟悉的文化环境时，因失去自己熟悉的所有社会交流的符号与手段而产生的一种迷失、疑惑、排斥甚至恐惧的感觉。

记得我当年刚到国外的那段时间，也有过这种现象，后来自己慢慢的调整才适应了那里的一切。在这里想给即将出国的学生说几点关于克服“文化休克”的经验，希望学子们在异国收获多多，能为未来留学之旅画上圆满的句号。

首先在出国前，要详细了解留学国家的衣食住行、风土人情等信息，这些都是与我们生活息息相关，提前了解有助于减小心理落差，尽早的适应国外生活环境；其次是到国外之后与人交流一定要有主动性，不要害怕自己说错。外国人听我们说不流利的英文就如同我们听外国人说不流利的中文一样，不会被看不起，只有经常与人交流，胆子才会变大，口语才能提高；再次是要有良好的心态。当遭遇到了“水土不服”的情况，不要产生消极情绪，要学会自我调节，学会慢慢的适应环境。

海外学子要正确认识“文化休克”现象，它不是一种疾病，是主观心理的反应，是东西方文化间的认识观和价值观差异在瞬间冲撞下产生的一种短期效应，因此要正确的看待。更重要的是要跨越这种现象，不要因为产生“文化休克”反应，就怀疑自己、否定自己。因此遭遇“文化休克”的学生与其选择后退，不如选择克服，这样才能成长，达到自己的出国目的。

文化休克：英国人认为美国人很不野蛮，一定要把牛排全切碎满盘子都是，再一块一块吃；美国人认为英国人很馋，一大块牛排等不及都切好了，切下来一小块就赶紧吃了。

文化休克：中国人和老外一起吃西餐的牛骨，心想刀叉怎么切这骨头啊，等着，看老外怎么吃，原来人家用手拿起来吃；老外和中国人一起吃中餐，想，用筷子你们怎么喝汤啊？难道筷子是中空的可以当吸管用吗？等着，看中国人怎么喝，原来是端起碗直接喝啊。

文化休克无处不在。

周一大早赶到机场候机厅，办理登机牌的时候，被东方航空公司通知航班延误要去改签，来到改签柜台，改签柜台排队，一个老外站在我前面，他既不靠左边的一队，也不站在右边的一队，而是站在两队中间的位置。我便不知道站在他哪边，我后边的人也在问我。于是就对他说，先生，请问你站哪边？他说，我站中间。其他两队都是一列一列的，他也看到了。我也没客气，回他说，您只能选一边；他说：两边都办理一样的业务我为什么不可以站中间。我回他说，那四个窗口都办同样的业务，你怎么不去最后边站在四个窗口中间啊？我是理解他的“文化”的，他是想以我们去银行办业务的那种思路来排队，大家统一取号，即先到先服务，绝对公平制。可是，在当时的情景下，这种思路是行不通的，只能选一边，他的文化必须向我们的文化暂时投降。估计老外心里肯定文化休克了一下：我为什么不可以这样排？这样更合理啊。

得知要将原本９点的航班改到中午１１点，这哪里是延误，和航班取消有什么不同呢？旁边很多人站在那里大声抱怨，偶知道抱怨是没用的，问明解决方案，就是去找值班经理。到了值班经理柜台，直接说，我必须走，你要给我想办法。还有一个小姑娘也跟了过来，我们的机票被最先受理。等待中，那些先前在那边抱怨的人也都过来这边了，可是，到他们时已经没有位置了，我和那个小姑娘被后补到八点半的航班，其余的人都要等十点的。在我们的很多文化中，服务者和被服务者是颠倒过来的，你付了钱还要看人家的脸色。更不用说那些公务员了，拿着我们纳税人的钱，可是，啥时候把纳税人当衣食父母了，他们都觉得自己是大爷。只要与政府部门打交道，哪怕是去街道办个什么事情，不跑上两三趟是决办不成的。所以，社会效率的整体低下，这些公务员是有很大责任的，因为要跑好多次，那么我们本来的工作就要被耽误。官方文化是足以让所有老百姓常常休克的。

这次去的客户是一家台资企业。在讨论设计流程的时候，总经理亲自参与，设计部经理（也是台湾人）与质检部经理（大陆人）意见不一致，讨论那天，质检部经理不在，是部门的一个小文员（大陆人）代表参加的。可是，在讨论中，

小文员丝毫不弱于设计部经理，甚至当总经理不表态的时候，小文员竟然问：Ｘ总，您的意思不也是要提高管理，不讲形式吗？那现在为什么要为了形式改动流程呢？总经理无言以对。这种民主式的讨论，让我这个旁观者汗颜，企业文化是自生的，如果把一个公司比做一个人，文化就是这个人的性格。当我们都认同性格决定命运的时候，我们是不是也同样认同，一个公司的企业文化，决定着企业的兴衰。有如此简单单纯的企业文化，这个企业还有什么事情是解决不了的呢？

晚上，客户请吃饭，白天“脸红脖子粗”的一群人，重又有说有笑。总经理是台湾人，是国民党的老党员，设计部经理是个女士无党派人士。席间，不免谈到台湾的大选啊，还有国民党与其他党派的过往。我对政治、时事是一窍不通的，他们说的人物，我也都不知道，尽管很有名，因为别人都知道。听他们讲党派之争，讲谁和谁打架，像听故事一样，休克在他们的席间文化中。

文化不处不在，如同我们身边总有不同性格的人。感受文化休克就像一个急性子的人遇到了慢脾气的人。越是ＯＰＥＮ，越是多元。在不断的休克中，不断的多元同化。只是，希望这种同化是越来越好的，是坏的文化被好的文化“同化”。

Culture Shock

UNIT 6：Culture Shock |文化冲击| Kalervo Oberg We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments it has its own cause, symptoms, and cure. 1 我们不妨把文化冲击称为突然置身国外的人们所得的职业病。和大部分疾病一样，这种病有其独特的起因、症状和疗法。 Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. These signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to give orders to servants, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for

CultureShock-语法-剖析-活用

Unit 12Culture Shock 语法·剖析·活用 不定式或动名词作动词宾语的用法 在第十单元我们学习了不定式的句法功用，可以看出，不定式和动名词都可以作主语、 宾语、表语、定语和补语。 作主语和表语时，动名词形式表示一般的、概念性的、时常的动作，而动词不定式常表示一时的、偶然的行为和动作。如： 当医生是不错的选择。 （对任何人、任何时候而言都是这样的） 当个好医生是我的梦想。 （对个人而言，是个别情况） 用动名词还是不定式作宾语，主要分为以下四种情况： (1)只可使用动名词作宾语的动词： enjoy,miss,practice,prefer,suggest,consider,appreciate,avoid,mind,imagine,finish,admit,deny,del ay,risk等。 只跟动名词的短语：feel like,stick to,devote to,pay attention to,be worth,be busy,can’t help,it is no use,be used to (习惯于),look forward to,can’t stand等。 (2)只可使用不定式作宾语的动词： wish,hope,promise,expect,pretend,want,agree,refuse,prepare,manage,persuade,afford,offer,atte mpt,decide等。 只跟不定式的习语：would like/love to等。 (3)既可接动名词，又可接不定式作宾语的动词有： start,begin,continue,like,love,hate等，意思基本没有区别。 love，like和hate接动名词和不定式时，表示长久的、规律性的好恶用动名词，表示一时的、个别性的好恶常用不定式。如： 他从小就不喜欢吃鱼。 我想在这样一个美好的下午出去兜风。 补充：①need,want,require,demand,be worth等接动名词,主动形式表被动：

Culture_shock

culture shock Culture shock refers to the anxiety and feelings(of surprise, disorientation, uncertainty, confusion, etc.) felt when people have to operate within a different and unknown cultural or social environment, such as a foreign country. It grows out of the difficulties in assimilating the new culture, causing difficulty in knowing what is appropriate and what is not. This is often combined a dislike for or even disgust (moral or aesthetical) with certain aspects of the new or different culture. The term was introduced for the first time in 1954 by Kalervo Oberg. Phases of culture shock The shock (of moving to a foreign country) often consists of distinct phases, though not everyone passes through these phases and not everyone is in the new culture long enough to pass through all three: ?Honeymoon Phase - During this period the differences between the old and new culture are seen in a romantic light, wonderful and new. For example, in moving to a new country, an individual might love the new foods, the pace of the life, the people's habits, the buildings and so on. ?Negotiation Phase - After some time (usually weeks), differences between the old and new culture become apparent and may create anxiety. One may long for food the way it is prepared in one's native country, may find the pace of life too fast or slow, may find the people's habits annoying, etc. This phase is often marked by mood swings caused by minor issues or without apparent reason. Depression is not uncommon. ?Adjustment Phase - Again, after some time (usually 6 - 12 months), one grows accustomed to the new culture and develops routines. One knows what to expect in most situations and the host country no longer feels all that new. One becomes concerned with basic living again, and things become more "normal". ?Reverse Culture Shock (a.k.a. Re-entry Shock) - Returning to one's home culture after growing accustomed to a new one can produce the same effects as described above, which an affected person often finds more surprising and difficult to deal with as the original culture shock. There are three basic outcomes of the Adjustment Phase: ?Some people find it impossible to accept the foreign culture and integrate. They isolate themselves from the host country's environment, which they come to perceive as hostile, withdraw into a ghetto and see return to their own culture as the only way out. These people also have the greatest problems re-integrating back home after return. Approx. 60% of expatriates behave in this way.

2019高中英语Unit12CultureShockSectionⅠWarm_up

Unit 12 Culture Shock The other day I announced that I would go abroad for further study right after my college education. My decision evoked (引起，唤起) the immediate objection of my family: Why? Why should I borrow a huge sum of money for overseas study while I might receive the same education at home at a relatively (相对地) low cost? My answer is: in addition to knowledge, I can gain experience that those who stay at home will never have. First, experience is the opportunity for the real-life use of foreign languages. While a person can study a foreign language at home, the effect can never be compared with constant use of the language in everyday life. There is no better opportunity to improve second-language skills than living in the country in which it is spoken. Second, living and studying abroad offers me a different perspective (角度) of the world. On a university campus, foreign students are likely to come across their counter-parts from different countries and areas and are exposed to different ideas and values. This helps me to have a better understanding of different societies and inevitably (必然地) see my own country in a new light (以新的眼光)． Third, overseas experience, disappointing and painful as it may be, is helpful. A person going abroad for study often experiences much more difficulty — difficulty in adapting to a new culture and in dealing with all problems alone. Yet, the difficulty, coupled with the frustration brought on by culture shock, is a rewarding experience for one’s future life and development of personality (个性)． Although going abroad is expensive and perhaps painful, the payoff (回报) is worthwhile. For the benefit is not merely knowledge gained, but the experience desirable in one’s personal life.

Culture shock (2)

Culture shock From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For uses of Culture Shock as a proper noun, see Culture shock (disambiguation). Culture shock is the personal disorientation a person may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life due to immigration or a visit to a new country, or to a move between social environments also a simple travel to another type of life.[1] Enthusiastic welcome offered to the first Indian student to arrive in Dresden, East Germany (1951) One of the most common causes of culture shock involves individuals in a foreign environment. Culture shock can be described as consisting of at least one of four distinct phases: Honeymoon, Negotiation, Adjustment, and Mastery, are the most common attributes that pertain to existing problems, further hindrances include: information overload, language barrier, generation gap, technology gap, skill interdependence, formulation dependency, homesickness (cultural), infinite regress (homesickness), boredom (job dependency), response ability (cultural skill set). [2] There is no true way to entirely prevent culture shock, as individuals in any society are personally affected by cultural contrasts differently.[3] The four phases Honeymoon phase During this period, the differences between the old and new culture are seen in a romantic light. For example, in moving to a new country, an individual might love the new food, the pace of life, and the locals' habits. During the first few weeks, most people are fascinated by the new culture. They associate with nationals who speak their language, and who are polite to the foreigners. This period is full of observations and new discoveries. Like most honeymoon periods, this stage eventually ends.[4] Negotiation phase After some time (usually around three months, depending on the individual), differences between the old and new culture become apparent and may create anxiety. Excitement may eventually give way to unpleasant feelings of

北师大版英语必修4Unit12CultureShock同步练习Word版含答案.doc

模块达标检测(四) 限时：100 分钟 Ⅰ.阅览了解 A The following are several summer programs for children. Duke University ADHD Program Academic Summer Program is used to help 6th to 8th graders with ADHD( 注意力缺乏多动症)．The program uses techniques to teach study strategies，academic support skills ， and cooperative learning activities. Phone: 919-416-2096 Location: Durham ，North Carolina Eagle Hill School (Connecticut) The Summer Academic Day Program at Eagle Hill School is designed for children experiencing academic difficulty.Open to boys and girls aged 6 to 12.The summer program immerses( 使沉浸) kids in a total language environment specifically tailored to meet his or her needs. Phone: 203-622-9240 Location: Greenwich ，Connecticut The Gow School The Gow School offers a traditional summer school program experience for boys and girls aged 8 to 15.The 5-week session offers a specially designed curriculum for students who have experienced academic difficulty or have language based learning disabilities.Summer Program learners can be day students or live on campus(校园)． Phone: 716-652-3450 Location: South Wales ，New York The Kentwood Summer Camp Program The Kentwood Summer Camp Program is a school program catering toward children ，teens，and their families who are not being successful in the traditional school environments socially ，and/or at home.It is for children and teens in grades K(Kindergarten) to 12. Phone: 954-581-8222 or 954- 634- 0601 Location: Davie ，Florida [语篇解读] 本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个暑期项目，这些项目专门为有不同困难的孩子 “私家定制”。 1．Which number may parents of kids with ADHD call?

2016春牛津深圳版英语九下Unit2《Cultureshock》Reading随堂练习

2016 春牛津深圳版英语九下Unit 2 《Culture shock 》（Reading ）word 随堂练习 Reading Quiz I、根据所给提示,完成句子。 1、The agency says the refugees are expected to experience some _____ 化冲击） when they arrive in their new homes、 2、She blasted to make him ___ （承认）his mistake、 3、_______ （任何事物）is worth doing at all is worth doing well 、 4 、You'll have to stay in after school if you still ___ （失败）the to pass examination、 5、That 'c s ool if we both ______ （设法） to stick to our schedules、 6、Reading engages his ___ （空闲的） time、 7、___________ （到什么程度）are you interested in English？ 8、So to be safe，you have to do half of this job ______ （无论如何）、 9、I like to swim, _______ （特别）in the sea、 10、They have developed an interest in _________ 国（际的） affairs、

北师大版高中英语必修四unit12cultureshock

高中英语学习材料 （灿若寒星*制作整理） Unit 12Culture Shock 圣诞节在中国有着众多粉丝，中国的春节也不甘示弱，成为世界性节日的趋势不可避免。 Happy Chinese New Year：From China to the World As Christmas finds more followers in China， Chinese New Year，or Spring Festival，also brings its blessing and festive atmosphere across the world.And just as the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing united the whole world with“one dream”，today，Chinese New Year is becoming a world festival.Since 2009，a number of celebrations have been held overseas under the theme，Happy Chinese New Year，engaging both overseas Chinese and citizens from all over the world.The Ministry of Culture has launched the sixth Happy Chinese New Year in 2015，when over 800 programs will be staged in more than 320 cities in 118 countries and regions.Happy Chinese New Year will begin on Feb.4th，and end on Mar.5th，the Lantern Festival. With the popularity of Happy Chinese New Year，more overseas companies and arts institutes are willing to provide support in a partnership，including the Empire State Building，the British Museum，the national TV network and another 300 partners across the world. 1．blessing n. 祝福

2015年河海大学研究生英语一Unit20CultureShock

Unit 20 Culture Shock Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure. 文化休克或许可以称为是突然移居国外的人的一种职业病。像大多数疾病一样,它有自己的征兆和治疗。 Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness. 文化休克是突发的由于失去所有我们熟悉的社会交往的标志和象征而导致的 焦虑。这些标志或者准则,包括我们调整自己使得适应每天生活环境的许多方式:何时握手,遇到他人说些什么,何时以及如何给小费,如何购物,何时接受或拒绝邀请,何时严肃地做出评论,何时不用。这些准则,可能是语言、手势、面部表情、社会风俗或者规范准则,是在我们在成长的过程中获得的,就像我们所说的语言或接受的信仰一样,成为我们文化的一部分。我们都依靠思想的平和和许多准则的效率,其中大部分不在我们潜意识水平上。

《Unit2Cultureshock》知识点讲解(可编辑修改word版)

Unit 2 Culture shock I.重点词汇 1.international (adj.) The number of the international students in this school is 1,500. March 8 is the International Women’s day.三月八日是国际妇女节。 同根词：national (adj.) 国家的；民族的；全国的 The National Day was celebrated throughout the country. 全国都在庆祝国庆日。 He broke two national records on a sports meeting. 他在一次运动会中打破了两项全国纪录。 2.(v.)（常指勉强）承认admitted-admitted-admitting You have to admit that Sheila has a good point. 你不得不承认希拉有一个优点。 He will never admit to me that he is lazy. 他不会向我承认他懒惰。 搭配：admit doing sth. 承认做了某事 He admitted having stolen the car. 他承认偷了那辆车。 The man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London. 那个人承认在飞机离开伦敦以前他就藏在箱子里。 3.(adj. 空闲的；空余的；备用的；预备的His spare money goes on books. 他多余的钱都花在买书上。We have no spare rooms. 我们没有多余的房间。 We always have a spare wheel in our car. 我们总是在汽车上带一个备用的轮胎。 句型：could you spare (me)…? 你能否（借）给我（钱···）？为我腾出（时间···）？ Could you spare me 20 minutes of your time? 你能为我腾出20 分钟的时间吗？ Could you spare me 20 Yuan? 你能借给我20 元钱吗？ 4.degree (n.) The chairman agreed with me to a certain degree. 主席在某种程度上同意我的意见。 The workers show different degrees of skill. 工人们表现出不同程度的技巧。 Water freezes at zero degrees Centigrade. 水在摄氏零度结冰。 bachelor’s degree学士学位 master’s degree 硕士学位 doctor’s degree博士学位 5.fail (v.) The first attempt may fail, but we don’t care about that. 第一次尝试可能会失败，但是我们并不为此担忧。He got a fail in math. 他数学不及格。 If you fail to plan, you plan to fail. 如果你不做计划，那就是在计划着失败。 Annie tried, failed, and then succeeded. 安妮经过尝试，失败最后取得了胜利。 句型：fail to do sth. 未能做成什么 The doctor failed to save the girl’s life. 那位医生未能把女孩就活。 Jack failed to hand in his composition on time. Jack 没能按时交作文。 同根词：failure (n.) 失败；失败的人或事物