高一英语必修四语法总结

高一英语必修四语法总结

重要词汇拓展

1 achieve v.达到，完成，实现→n.成就，功绩

2 specialist n.专家，专业工作者→special adj.特殊的，专门的→specialize vi.专攻，专门从事

3 connection n.连接，关系→v.连接

4organization n.组织，机构，团体vt.组织;筹备, 成立; 使加入工会，使有条理

5behave v.举止，表现→n.行为，举止

6worthwhile adj.值得的，值得做的It is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth.

7. observe v.观察，观测，遵守→observation n.观察，观测

8. argue .v.争论，辩论→argument n.争论，辩论argued-adj 引起争论的

9 inspire v.鼓舞，激发→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的，有灵感的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人的→inspiration n.鼓舞，灵感

10.intend v.计划，打算→intention n.打算，目的，意图

11.considerate adj.考虑周到的→consider v.考虑，认为→consideration n考虑，体谅

12struggle v./n.挣扎，奋斗，努力struggle against struggle for struggle with

13. export v.输出，出口n.输出（品）→import v.输入，进口n.进口（品）

14.confuse v.使迷惑，使为难→confused adj.感到迷惑的confusing adj.令人迷惑的

15 regret v./n.后悔，遗憾→regretful adj.后悔的，遗憾的

16.focus v. 集中，聚焦，n 焦点，中心点

17. reduce v.减少，缩减→reduction n.减少，缩减

18 comment n./v.评论，议论

19 entertain vt/vi 使快乐，款待→n. 款待，娱乐

20 feel with 对…满足

语法剖析（主谓一致）

主谓一致，指人称和数方面的一致关系。分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致。

(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数。以下为注意事项:

1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数。如: Air as well as water matter.空气和水都是物质。

No one except two servants late for the dinner.

2. and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数。如:

The poet and writer come.那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)

A hammer and a saw useful tools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如: knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:

Serving the people my great happiness.

When we’ll go out for an outing been decided.

4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.

Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.

Each man and (each) woman asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。

5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如: Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。

6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。如:

Many a boy （likes /like）playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student （was/were）late.不只一个学生迟到

7. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名，书名,等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

8. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:

Only one and a half apples （is/are）left on the table.

(二) 内容一致原则:

1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:

The rest of the bikes are on sale today.剩下的自行车，今天出售。

60%of the apple （was/were）eaten by little boy.这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。

Most of the apples （was/were）rotten.大部分的苹果都是烂的。

2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:

A part of the textbooks （has/have）arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。

A part of the apple（has/have）been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。

3. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:

The injured (was/were) saved after the fire.

(三) 就近原则

1. 由here, there, where等引导的倒装句中,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:

Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.

2. 用连词or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also等连接的并列主语如：

Neither the students nor the teacher(know /knows )anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.

注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如：

Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。

The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。

Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。

语法剖析（非谓语动词---动词的-ing形式作主语和宾语）(书本)

一、动词-ing形式作主语

●动词-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性和习惯性的动作，谓语用单数形式。例如：Listening to music is my sister’s hobby.

●动词-ing形式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，可以用it作形式主语。常用的结构：

1. It is + no use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing

例如：It is no use crying over spilt milk.

二、动词-ing形式作宾语

●动词-ing形式既可作动词的宾语，又可作介词的宾语。

1. 以下动词或短语只接动词-ing形式作宾语：

admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest等动词;

can’t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, think of, set about, dream of 等短语。

2. 在下列短语中，to是介词，后面应用动词-ing形式作宾语：

be / get used to, look forward to, devote…to, pay attention to, object to等。

3. 下列动词或短语既可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义不同：

●下列几组词接动词-ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语含义不同：

forget ，remember ，mean ，can’t help doing / (to) do 不能帮忙做

三、动词-ing的复合结构

动词-ing的复合结构即：物主代词或名词所有格+ 动词-ing。如：

Lucy’s turning up surprised everyone present.

Would you mind my / me using your mobile phone?

习题

1.Taking pictures___ very interesting. （be ）

2.We are considering ________ a trip around the island.（take）

3.He is such a strange person; there’s _____ what he’ll do next.（know）

4.Jack saw a woman ______ near the dog , so he walked up to her.（stand）

5.37.Animals can do many amazing things when properly___.（train）

6.._ __ the way to take, the traveller went on his journey.（Have ，tell）

7.When you find something in your writing that needs _____ , you should mark it

on the paper.. （correct）

8.Thousands of products ____ from coal are now in daily use. （make）

9..Engines(发动机) are machines ___ power or motion. （produce）

10.I hope you don’t mind ____ at your newspaper.（look）

人教版高中英语必修四(高一版)

高中英语黄金阅读(高一版) 习俗类 (1) In the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know. This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available, even if a large one is. If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them. At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill. Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day. Serving in restaurants is often large; too large for many people. If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”. It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself. Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal. Some people have “Sunday dinner”. This is an especially big noon meal. Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change. 1. Which statement is true? A. American people like sitting with people they don’t know. B. A hostess always seats a small group at a large table. C. American people never sit with people they don’t know. D. American people would not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking. 2. What is served before you order? A. bread B. butter C. coffee D. cold water 3. What do American people always do when servings are too large for them? A. They take the food home with a doggie bag for their dogs. B. They leave the food on the table and go away. C. They take the food home with a doggie bag and enjoy the food later. D. They ask the waitress or waiter to keep the food for them. 4. Sunday dinner is_______. A. a dinner in the evening B. A big noon meal C. a big lunch on Sunday D. A supper on Sunday 【答案解析】本文介绍了美国人在外就餐时的风俗习惯。 1. D。细节题。根据第一段及关键句…it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them 可知 A、B、C 与原文不相符，同时关键句告诉我们“未

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

外研版高中英语必修四课文文本

外研版高中英语必修四课文文 本(总15页) -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1 -CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除

Module 1 Reading The City of the Future What will the city of the future look like No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. But one thing is certain— they are going to get bigger before they get smaller. In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out. We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminium, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power. All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain. To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025. Here are some of the ideas they had: Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems. Batman Nets Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.

高中英语语法最重要知识汇总

按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：

人教版高中英语必修4单词

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busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest （5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily （6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

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