新编大学英语4课后习题答案(浙大版)

1.1)A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer

2)A recognizable B recognized C recognition D

3)A tempting B temptation C tempt

4)A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason

5)A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis

6)A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values

7)A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless

8)A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood

2.1)a sense of responsibility2)a sense of

safety/security3)a sense of inferiority

4)a sense of superiority5)a sense of rhythm

6)a sense of justice

7)a sense of shame8)a sense of helplessness9)a sense of direction

10)a sense of urgency

3.1)Lively behavior is normal2)Fast cars appeal to

3)diverse arguments

4)I asked my boss for clarification5)sensitive to light6)Mutual encouragement

7)made fun of him8)persists in his

opinion/viewpoint

9)to be the focus/center of attention10)we buy our tickets in advance

4.1)certain/sure2)involved3)end4)behavior5) disciplining6)agreed

7)individually8)first9)response10) question11)attempt12)voice

13)directly14)followed15)trouble

Unit2

Step One

Column A Column B The Compound Words

created

through day throughout

up man upbeat,uplift

draw eared drawback

teen ready teenage

hand conscious handout,handwritten birth back birthday,birthstone chair distance chairman

rag beat rag-eared

ever lift ever-ready

over age overdue,overage long due long-distance,long-

eared

self stone self-conscious

mile out mileage,milestone type wishing typewriter,

typewritten

well Writer/written well-wishing,well-

written

Two

1)long-distance2)upbeat3)ever-ready4) overdue5)typewriter

6)milestone7)handwritten8)uplifted9)self-conscious10)rag-eared

11)birthday12)throughout13)drawbacks14) chairman15)teenage

3.1)thrives

2)strategy

3)annual

4)deserve

5)spontaneous

6)sincere

7)investments

8)enterprise

9)follow up

10)characterized

11)lingered

12)acknowledged

column1)D2)A3)B4)C

tough1)D2)B3)E4)F5)C6)A

6.1)searched

2)clever

3)solution

4)wasted

5)tolerate

6)hidden

7)dumb

8)subject

9)noise

10)extra

11)purchased

12)replaced

13)appreciation

14)hurried

15)warrant

16)strange

Unit3

Understanding the Organization of the Text

(1)Introduction(para1)

It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior,emotions,and

interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity

and culture.

(2)There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls.(para.2-4)

Supporting evidence

A.Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students.(para2)

i)Its consequence:This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.

ii)The reason for this:Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes

go on to higher achievement.

iii)Two examples:

a.In many of the former all-women’s colleges,the boys were taking over the class-

room discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.

b.A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law

and medical school classrooms in recent years.

B.Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles.

(para.3)

i)Its consequence:This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in

class.

ii)An example:A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the

girls were given the task of putting the materials away.

C.Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’assumption.

(para4)

i)The assumption:Boys will do better in the hard,masculine subjects of math andscience while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.

ii)Three examples:

a.American boys do develop reading problems, while girls,who are superior to boys in

math up to the age of nine,fall behind from then on.

b.In Germany,all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who develop

reading problems.

c.In Japan,where early education appears to be nonsexist,both girls and boys do

equally well in reading.

(3)The educational bias begins at home.(para5)

A.Supporting evidence:

Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than

girl preschoolers.

ii)Boys were encouraged to develop

intellectual curiosity and physical skills,while

girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be

approved of for their goodness and obedience to rules.

B.The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom:Girls

are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher,more concerned with the form

and neatness of their work than its content,and more anxious about being right in their

answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical,or original.

C.Conclusion:Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s waking

hours,society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditional

and expected mold.

Vocabulary

1.1)genetic

2)assign

3)noticeably

4)approved

5)Bias

6)deprived

7)constituted

8)participation

9)unintentional

10)postgraduate

2.conscious-unconscious

encourage-discourage

directly-indirectly

sexist–nonsexist

dependent-independent

positive–negative

-inferior

biased–fair

limited–unlimited

appropriately-inappropriately

3.1)C2)D3)A4)E5)B6)C7)F8)B

4.1)turn out

2)carry over

3)calling on

4)put away

5)fallen behind

6)take over

Unit4Creativity

their

a combination of and me to fall asleep in class.

B.Sickness,combined with bad weather,made our trip impossible

7.create

A.the creation of a new exam system

B.the most creative writer

8.pursue

In pursuit of…

B.She is pursuing her studies

9.multiply

A.learning multiplication

B.if you multiple four by tree…

10.employ

A.He was healthy but he did not know how to employ(使用;应用)his energy

B.the employment of modern machinery

Filling the blanks(P142):

1)Is just a working model;we haven’t

yet.

mother.

purity

they

3)The government is committed to(致力;投入)promoting the development

and use of public transportation.

4)The restriction no longer applies to him because he’s over18.

5)…are vital/very important to…

His ideas were scorned(轻蔑;鄙视)by many American psychologists.

7)Internet connections through conventional(平常的;惯常的)hone lines are fairly slow.

8)I have to buy a wedding present and I want to find something really original(新颖的;独创

的)

Filling the blanks(p143)

1)consciously

2)innovative solutions

3)unconsciously

4)consciously

5)Imagination

6)Are not aware how…

7)in control of

8)Your future is created by your thoughts…

9)Your present no longer has to be an extension(延伸;延续)of your past.

10)A powerful technique

vulnerable(脆弱的;易受伤的)to others.

unfolding(展开)that way

exciting experience.

to gain.

to every area of your life.

of the text

to be role models,and they can

bad ones.

2)Athletes should be role models.(para.2-5)

The author’s arguments:

A.Athletes should not refuse the responsibility of being a role model while

accepting all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete.

2)

B.I try to be a positive role model,but that doesn’t mean I am perfect.(para.3)

C.Qualities of a positive role model:(para.4)

a.He influences people’s lives in a positive way.

b.He gives of himself in time or money to help those who look up to him.

c.He displays the values like honesty and determination.

D.Athletes cannot take the place of parents,but can help reinforce what parents

try to teach their children.(para.5)

3)People sometimes expect so much that some athletes don’t want to be role

modes.(para.6-7)

A.Sometimes people put athletes on a pedestal.

Example:I have had parents in Utah put my picture on the wall beside Jesus

Christ.(para.6)

B.Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.

Example:1:Negative publicity Michael Jordan received about gambling.

2.Ever since I played on the Dream Team,I can’t go anywhere

without being the center of attention and I can’t even buy a

motorcycle I really want.(para.7)

4)Conclusion(para8-9)

The good things about being a role model outweigh the bad.

A.It’s a great feeling to think you are part of the reason that a id decided to try

to be good.

B.But parents should remind their kids that there are no perfect human beings.

C.Charles Barkley is a good role model.

V ocabulary

2.1)is bound to2)follow their lead3)goes too far/is going too far

4)take the place of5)dropped out6)have a fit7)measure up to

8)look up to9)Let’s face it10)you name it

3.1)outgrown2)outdo3)outwitted4)outweigh5)outlived

Unit6Risks

Vocabulary(p223)

a.sensible advice

b.relative advantages

c.the mechanism that worked the alarm

d.…requires skill

e.eliminate all the errors

f.a plane crash

2.Filling the blanks(p223)

1)The true character of many risks is quite different from what we might have imagined.

2)We end up preparing ourselves for the impossible risk

.)

life.

what is

risk

of

as you

won the

feed on but on facts.

4)The teacher told the girl to reduce an equation to (简化)its simplest form.

5)Keep on doing that and you’ll end up(最后以…为结局)in serious trouble

6)The environmental problems are often associated with(和…有关系)nuclear waste.

Today we are doing to focus on(把重点放…)the question of homeless people

8)For assistance,they turned to(向…求助)one of the city’s most innovative museums.

9)Everyone is the class is expected to participate actively in(参加)these discussions

Unit7College Life

1.opposite meanings(p266)

belief–doubt dependent–independent

deep–shallow mediocre–

distinguish from

8)I like to look back on my high school days…

9)We could tell that Robert had gone through a very difficult time.

10)She shouldn’t be working so hard.She is70, after all.

11)I didn’t enjoy marking those papers and I was glad to be rid of them.

I’d rather not go to the dance on my own.I do wish you’d come with me.

3.

1）choice2）secure3）hear

4）who5）keep

6）while7）now8）This

9）pressure10）expecting

11）tests12）within13）had14）catch15）marks

16）patents17）obtain/get18）teachers19）relax 20）shape

Unit8Time

Word combination p309

1.Spend time doing sth.

2.Waste time=lose time

3.Take one’s time=do sth.at a moderate pace

4.kill time

5.save time

6.pass the time

即：C E B D A F

Word building P309

2.relearn再学习

regain收回，重新获得

redo重做，再做

rewrite重写，改写

rearrange重新整理

reclaim要求归还，收回

remodel重新塑造，改变

replace取代

rephrase重新措辞

rejoin再结合，在加入

reform改革

readjust重新调整

reunited（使）再结合

rebroadcast转播，重播

reread再读

复习

3.words with similar meaning：

1）sense his guest were bored=felt

2)dismiss the idea\=ignore,disregard

3）emerge from=appear

4）perceive a change=notice

5）recall ever meeting her=remember ever meeting her

6）accelerate the growth of crops=speed up

7）have the dress altered=have the dress changed 8）external pressures=outside pressures

9）recognized=realize

10）the usual symptoms of flu=sign

即：B A D A D C A A A B

UNIT9

1.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

invention invent

available Avail

Innovation Innovate

Adaptable Adapt

Discovery Discover

Acceptance Accept

Evolution Evolve

Objectivity Objective

Observation Observe

Experimentation Experiment

Prosperity Prosper

disastrous disaster

1)observation2)available

3)discoveries4)acceptance5) experimentation

6)inventions7)evolution8)adaptable9) innovative10)objectivity

2.

1)out of the ordinary

2)preceded

precede sb.as…在某人之前任职

succeed sb.as…继某人之后任职

3)To be exact

4)Contradict(ed)(与…矛盾)

5)Prosperity(繁荣)

6)Gave birth to

(产生=result in;give rise to…)

7)Catch our breath

8)had in mind

(what is desirable理想中的)

9)proposed

10)converted(=change)

11)disastrous(a.灾害性的)

12)negative

解释：1)the fact后接that构成同位语从句，类似名词从句，通常做主语、宾语、表语等，在此

翻译为：他呼吸困难这种状况不是好征兆。

2)have difficulty doing sth.breath ing呼吸

3)negative:消极的负面的

3.1)She had hardly sat down

2)Especially if/when you want to reserve a seat

3)is not necessarily the most useful

4)What sort/kind of person do you have in mind

5)There’s a limit on the time

6)Spend part of his childhood

7)three times as many girls as boys

8)as do most of the people who live in this village

9)but on the other hand it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere

10)Depite/In spite of international pressure

Unit10Satire in Literature Vocabulary(p223)

1．bring about bring back bring back bring in brin g up

A.bring down the government推翻；削减

．Harsh anti-trade Union laws were brought in the early 1980s.引进

C．Few politicians are in favor of bringing back the death penalty.恢复

D.The only way they can bring about political change is by putting pressure on the country.带来；造成

E.He brought up a subject rarely raised during the course of this campaign.提出

made for

E.I heard the voices,but couldn’t make out(辨认；领悟；理解)what they were saying.

4.Think better of think badly of thing highly of

Think nothing of think twice of

A.Those guys thought nothing of(不想;不考虑) changing rules in the middle of the game.

A previous divorce can make you think twice about(重新考虑)married again.

C.He started to say something,but then thought better of(再考虑不周一下)it.

D.Most of the women were college graduates, thought highly of(对某人高度评价)

Smith,and were pleased that this stranger was so smart.

E.I could easily go in and request part-time work,and no one would think badly of(对某

人评价欠佳)me

5.by/from all accounts on account of on no account

On this/that account

sth.into account

A.I studied her

special relationship with

Sylvester.

B.On no account

for what happened.

句首有否定词类的,后面的行为动词要部分倒装.

C.She was divorced,and on that account alone (就因为这个原因),my mother disliked her.

D.Urban planners in practice have to take into account of(考虑)many interest groups

in society.

E.She was,by/from all accounts(据说)an accomplished,entertaining and witty story

teller.

2．近义词P392

1)illustrious–distinguished杰出的

2)temporal-chronological时间的;时间顺序的

3)gravely–seriously沉重的;严肃的

4)universal–general普遍的

5)fumble–mishandle确笨拙触碰

6)straggly–untidy不整洁

7)brogue–accent

boards–stage

9)commentary–review评论;注叙

10)wring–squeeze拧扭;绞(毛斤等)

11)indignantly–angrily

12)disregard=ignore不理睬;忽视

13)immortal–eternal永久的;永恒的

3Vocabulary in a passage:(p393)

1)they were married

2)five and a half months later

3)They separated in1970and their divorce became

4)effective on….Iassc

of that

when

home

November

新编大学英语4课文翻译(包括课后文章翻译)和答案

Reading comprehension 1略 2 BDCAC AADBB Vocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 Reading comprehension 1略 2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFT Vocabulary 1. Creating Compound Words

浙江大学历年自动控制原理考研真题及答案

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（2）若已知闭环系统的一个极点为 11s =-，试确定闭环传递函数。 图4 5、（10分）系统动态方框图及开环对数频率特性见图5，求 1K 、2K 、1T 、2T 的值。 图5 6、（10分）已知单位负反馈系统开环频率特性的极坐标如图6所示，图示曲线的开环放大倍数K=500，右半s 平面内的开环极点P=0，试求： （1）图示系统是否稳定，为什么？ （2）确定使系统稳定的K 值范围。 图6 7、（10分）是非题（若你认为正确，则在题号后打√，否则打×，每题1分） （1）经过状态反馈后的系统，其能控能观性均不发生改变。 （ ） （2）若一个可观的n 维动态系统其输出矩阵的秩为m ，则可设计m 维的降维观测器。（ ） （3）由已知系统的传递函数转化为状态方程，其形式唯一。 （ ）

新编大学英语4原文The Power of a Note

The Power of a Note On my first job as sports editor for the Montpelier (Ohio) Leader Enterprise, I didn't get a lot of fan mail, so I was intrigued by a letter that was dropped on my desk one morning. [2] When I opened it, I read: "A nice piece of writing on the Tigers. Keep up the good work." It was signed by Don Wolfe, the sports editor. Because I was a teenager (being paid the grand total of 15 cents a column inch [N], his words couldn't have been more inspiring. [N] I kept the letter in my desk drawer until it got rag-eared. Whenever I doubted I had the right stuff to be a writer [N], I would reread Don's note and feel confident again. [3] Later, when I got to know him, I learned that Don made a habit of [N] writing a quick, encouraging word [N] to people in all walks of life. "When I make others feel good about themselves," he told me, "I feel good too." [4] Not surprisingly, he had a body of friends as big as nearby Lake Erie [N]. When he died last year at 75, the paper was flooded with calls and letters [N] from people who had been recipients of his spirit-lifting words. [5] Over the years, I've tried to copy the example of Don and other friends who care enough to write uplifting comments, because I think they are on to something important. In a world too often cold and unresponsive, such notes bring warmth and reassurance. We all need a boost from time to time, and a few lines of praise have been known to turn around a day [N], even a life. [6] Why, then, are there so few upbeat note writers? My guess is that many who shy away from the practice are too self-conscious [N]. They're afraid they'll be misunderstood, sound sentimental or insincere. Also, writing takes time; it's far easier to pick up the phone. [7] The drawback with phone calls, of course, is that they don't last. A note attaches [N] more importance to our well-wishing. It is a matter of record [N], and our words can be read more than once, savored and treasured. [8] Even though note writing may take longer, some pretty busy people do it, including George Bush. Some say he owes [N] much of his success in politics to his ever-ready [N] pen. How? Throughout his career he has followed up virtually every contact with a cordial response—a compliment, a line of praise or a nod of thanks. [N] His notes go not only to friends and associates, but to casual acquaintances and total strangers—like the surprised person who got a warm pat on the back for lending Bush an umbrella. [9] Even top corporate managers, who have mostly affected styles of leadership that can be characterized only as tough, cold and aloof, have begun to learn the lesson, and earn the benefits, of writing notes that lift people up. [N] Former Ford chairman Donald Peterson, who is largely credited for turningthe company round in the 1980s, made it a practice to write positive messages to associates every day. [N] "I'd just scribble them on a memo pad or the corner of a letter and pass