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2019年英语长句的理解与翻译

2019年英语长句的理解与翻译
2019年英语长句的理解与翻译

英语长句的理解与翻译

1.Many experts suggest that the child raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

译文:许多专家认为:如果一个儿童在有许多刺激的环境里长大,而这些刺激能够开发其相应的反映能力,那么这个儿童将会有得到更好的智力发展。

2.How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information and on the skill with which it is interpreted.

译文:这些预测在多大程度上会被后来的表现所证实,这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能。

3.Immediately the army opened fire, killing four men and injuring the fifth who later died of his wounds.

译文:部队突然开了火,打死四人,还有一人受伤。后来此人也因

伤势过重死去。.

4.The king, whose power is unlimited, and whose treasures surmount战胜all real and imaginary wants, is compelled to ease, by the construction of the Great Wall, the satiety厌倦of dominion and tastelessness of pleasure.

译文:那个权力无上、财富无竭的国王,只有通过修筑长城来减轻自己对权力的厌倦和对欢乐的麻木。

5.Our hope for creative living in this world house that we have inherited lies in our ability to re-establish the moral ends of our lives.

译文:我们希望富有创造性地生活在我们继承的这个世界中,这种希望存在于我们重新建立道德标准的能力之中。

6.To us, a winner is one who responds authentically真的by being trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.

译文:在我们看来,成功者不管作为个人还是社会的一份子,他的真实表现都是可靠、灵敏、和真诚。

7. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个

阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分,代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离,而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。

8.Towns like this sprang up to house, large “comfortable”classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.

像这样的城市兴起了,大批隐退的享乐阶层人士靠自己的收入,在这里过着悠闲的生活。他们与群体之外的人没有联系,只是分取红利,偶尔参加股东会议,对管理人员发号施令。

9.Robert Fulton once wrote, The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. , like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.

罗博特?富尔顿曾经写道,机械工将坐在杠杆、螺丝、楔、轮子等周围,像诗人对待字母表中的每个字母一样,把它们作为自己的思路展示,每一个新组合都传送一个新概念。

10.Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.

在这些原因中,有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求,另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生的某些特定发展的必然结果。11.This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

11.这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府下了结论,认为:政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

12.However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle general unable to deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.

然而,世界就是如此。一般而言,完美的体系无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题。

13.New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

[句子翻译]

同过去一样,将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象,给完美以新的标准。

[翻译技巧]as well as 和,以及/give rise to给……以机会

9.For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.

[句子主干]For Lolyd Nicks, the NT Rights…means he can get

on with living without….

[语法难点]

插入成分很多。此句实际上是个简单句,其核心结构为Rights means…,只不过添加了诸多限制结构使句子看起来很复杂。”For Lolyd Nicks”为主句的状语成分,“a 54-years old…cancer”为Lolyd Nicks的同位语。

[句子翻译]

对于现年54岁居住在达尔文的的肺癌患者尼克逊来说,这个法案意味着他可以平静地生活下去,而无须终日担心将要来临的折磨:因呼吸困难而在煎熬中死去。

10.Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.

[句子主干]Someone…, if…, often had nowhere to turn

except…

[语法难点]

someone而是引导修饰不是现在分词,traveling有省略现象。

的定语从句。if引导的从句中均省略了“主语+be动词”的结构,这

样显得句子简洁。

[句子翻译]

独自旅行时,如果没有了食物,受伤了或者生病了,通常只能向最近的小屋或者村落求救。

[翻译技巧]

直译的话,应该说人们“没有其他地方,只有……”可得到帮助,但这样写的话显得冗长而且费解,这里根据句意,译为“只能向……求助”就比较准确了。“turn”的用法比较灵活,意思很多,这里依据上下文,译为“向……求助”。

14.We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

in which引导了一个定语从句。该从句的分句谓语动词是is而不是

are,是因为在这个从句中主语是use,而不是substances,这一点要注意分辨。

[句子翻译]

在我们生活的社会里,物质(药品)被广泛地运用于社交和医疗:服用阿司匹林来缓解头疼,喝酒来应酬,早晨和咖啡来提神,吸烟镇定情绪等。

14.We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

在我们生活的社会里,物质(药品)被广泛地运用于社交和医疗:服用阿司匹林来缓解头疼,喝酒来应酬,早晨喝咖啡来提神,吸烟镇定情绪等。

12.Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with

more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

[句子主干]Dependence is marked first by…, with…, and then

by…

[语法难点]

有并列从句和省略。With引导的是伴随结构作状语,修饰的是整个第一分句描述的状态。and引导的分句省略了谓语动词marked ,所以要注意其实该分句并不隶属于第一分句,而是与之并列的结构。

[句子翻译]

依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强,用量越来越大才能达到预期效果,一旦停用就会产生不舒服的症状。

[翻译技巧]

有些同学遇上伴随结构就不知道如何翻译了,其实只要按照原来的语序顺次翻译就是。

13.But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle”between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the

company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.

[句子主干]But he talked as well about …, and he announced

that…

[语法难点]

该句没有从句结构,而是由and连接的两个并列成分构成。用would 是因为表达了某人的主观态度和意愿。

[句子翻译]

但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要“努力保持均衡”这一问题。他宣布公司将尽力对可能招致大众反对的音乐制定各种发行和标识的标准

[翻译技巧]

有众多的修饰成分,但是由于句子太长,虽然没有从句结构,

所以建议还是拆为两句较好。

14.Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell

to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.

[句子主干]Average inflation…fell to a mere…, close to its…, before

[语法难点]有省略。

close to分句是非限定性定语从句,省略了which was。Before后面的成分是对全句的补充说明,是状语成分。状语成分可以置句首,也可以置句末,并无定规。之所以用rising,是因为这里需要一个名次性的结构the inflation which was,

这样显得简洁得多。

[句子翻译]

七大工业国家的通货膨胀率去年下降到了2.3%,接近30年80年代和70比许多国家,2.5%月才小幅上涨到7今年来最低水平,

年代两位数低了很多。

[翻译技巧]

the big seven industrial economies是指西方七大工业国。close

to是靠近的意思。fall to是“跌落至……”的意思。

15.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.

[句子主干] Economists have been…

surprised by…and…, since…,and especially…, have …

[语法难点]

主句用现在完成时have been…是因为经济学家长时间以来关注,现在也在关注,是一个从过去持续到现在的动作。Since引导的是表原因的状语从句。

[句子翻译]

特别让经济学家感到诧异的是,英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果,因为传统的分析方法表明,两国尤其是美国的经济生产几乎没有出现滑坡。

[翻译技巧]

favorable表示的是“非常好的”,不是“非常喜欢的”,与个人取向没有关系。productive slack是“生产滑坡”的意思。

大学英语四级长句翻译方法及技巧

第19卷第12期 武汉科技学院学报Vol.19 No.12 2006年12月 JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Dec. 2006 英语长句翻译方法及技巧 张艳萍 (湛江师范学院大学外语部, 广东湛江 524048) 摘要:英语长句翻译是英语学习中的一个难点,本文从英汉语言对比的角度,探讨了英汉两种语言的 差异,进一步分析了两种语言长句的特点,概述了英语长句的常用的四种翻译方法,并举例分析了这些 方法在实际中的运用。 关键词:英汉长句;差异;翻译;技巧 中图分类号:H315.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-5160(2006)-0200-04 我们在英语教学过程中,往往会发现学生在汉译英时出现中国式英语,英译汉时句子却“西化”。究其原因我认为这主要是因为英语和汉语来自两种完全不同的文化语言体系,语序差别甚大,尤其遇到复杂长句,除了需要较强的对比分析理解能力外,还要求我们掌握一定的翻译理论和技巧以及具备较好的语言表达能力。为此,本人结合自己的英语教学实际,拟从英汉语言对比的角度来对英语长句的翻译问题作些探讨。 1 英汉句子结构的差异 人类语言的多样性,使翻译成为人类交流的重要媒介。同时,由于不同语言体系的差异,在英汉翻译里,英语和汉语会在句法结构、内在逻辑关系存在着明显差异: (1)英语句子重形合,汉语句子重意合。汉语注重隐性连贯注重逻辑事理顺序、注重功能、意义,注重以神统形,形合手段比英语少得多,没有英语所常用的那些关系代词、关系副词、连接代词和连接副词。并且汉语介词数量少,句式结构上也无太多的限制,可以利用说话的语气、环境及语言结构内部的相互衬托等条件使语句尽量辞约义丰。所以汉语是一种必须联系交际人主体意识、语言环境、句子表达功能作动态的意念分析的重“意合”的语言,是有别于英语句子重“形合”,试看下面句子: 例1:My idea of a good P.E. class is one where youth are involved in at least 20 minutes of basic movement that gets their heart rates up. 译文:说到一节好的体育课,我的想法是青年在体育课中至少要进行20分钟使他们心跳加快的基本运动。 这是一个典型的重形合的英语句子,全句用两个关系代词将两个定语从句联系起来,在译文中,将关系一层层理清楚,整句语气从容不迫,这就符合了汉语的叙事方法。 例2:不听老人言,吃亏在眼前。 译文1:If you wish good advice, consult an old man. 原文中的假设关系是隐含的,译成英语时用连词if把假设关系给表达出来,从这一例句可以看出英语重形合而汉语重意合的句子特点。 译文2:Who never consults an old man may suffer loss. 此句用名词性从句来翻译,同样体现了英汉两种语言在“形”和“意”上的区别。 (2)汉语通常根据时间顺序逐个翻译,而英语则较注重空间顺序。 汉语句中可常见两个以上的动词,甚至几乎全句皆动词。如:孩子们手里拿着老师给他们的礼物,唱着、 收稿日期:2006-09-17 作者简介:张艳萍(1978- ),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:英语翻译.

翻译技巧英文合同中简单长句的翻译技巧

英文合同中简单长句的翻译技巧 英文合同中使用的大量长句,主要分为三大类:简单长句、复合长句和并列长句。在翻译这些长句时,首先要正确理解各种相关成分的逻辑关系,然后再适当切分,理出句子的主干成分。最后再按汉语表达习惯,变动语序,重新组合。这样才能连贯、准确、清晰地予以表达。今天我们就先说一下简单长句和并列长句的翻译。 简单长句及其翻译 在翻译英文商务合同中的简单长句时,首先要正确理解各种相关成分的逻辑关系;然后再适当切分,理出句子的主干成分,翻译时以句子的主干为主导;最后再按汉语表达习惯,变动语序,重新组合。这样才能连贯、准确、清晰地予以表达。下面举三个简单长句翻译的例子来说明: 1.The Buyers may, within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination, lodge a claim against the sellers for short-weight being supported by Inspecti on Certificate issued by areputable public surveyor. 这是一个简单长句,其主干为The Buyers may…lodge a claim…。 修饰谓语动词的状语有三个, a.分别表示时间within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination b.方式 being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public survey or和 c.目的for short-weight 而且状语中还有状语,作定语的分词issued还有自己的状语 by a reputable public surveyor。 众多状语,尽管在英语中的位置十分灵活,然而按照汉语的行文规范,方式状语一般应位于动词之前;而有些状语在译文中可以灵活处理,例如本句中的时间状语,可以提前至句首。因此,上句可译成:货物抵达目的港15天内,买方可以凭有信誉的公共检验员出示的检验证明向卖方提出短重索赔。 2. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract,the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by openin g an irrevocable L/C for the fullamount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller t hrough a bank at export port. 此句的主干为…the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price…to the Seller,其中含有一个时间状语 within30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract。

英语长句_难句汉译的方法

内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版)2006年第1期(第8卷 总第27期) Journal of Inner M ong olia Agricultural University(S ocial S cience Edition)No.1 2006(Vol.8 Sum No.27) 论英语长句、难句汉译的方法 ● 葛陈荣1,汪 浪2 (1.中共广东省委党校国际问题研究中心,广东广州510053;2.景德镇陶瓷学院,江西景德镇333001) 摘 要:英语长句翻译应具备一定的技巧和方法。本文以英语长句翻译作为研究对象,在实践研究的基础上提出了英语长句翻译的四种方法———顺序法、逆序法、分译法、综合法———并以实例进行了解析。 关键词:长句;翻译;顺序法;逆序法;分译法;综合法 中图分类号:H059 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-4458(2006)01-0280-03 一、英语长句、难句汉译的重要性及其方法 对英语学习者说,英语长句、难句的翻译不仅是学习的重点,更是学习的难点。很多英语学习者(其中包括许多在校大学生)学了多年的英语后,在听英文报道或与英语国家的人进行交流及看英语文章时,都含有一种切身的感受,那就是,当他们在用英语进行以上活动时,难倒他们的不仅仅是那层出不穷的英语生词,更重要的因句子太长,结构相当复杂。说其复杂冗长,实质就是句子关系、结构复杂,修饰成分较多,句子的字数亦较多,,即一句成段。这样就使他们难以把握,甚至连最基本的主谓宾等句子的主干成分都找不出来,这样就无法读懂或听懂句子意思,更不用说去理解它了。 如The result of attrition is that,where the areas of the whole leaves follow a normal distribution,a bim odal distribution produced,one pesk composed mainly of the fragmented pieces, the other of the lager remains.在这句里,虽然一般人都能较为容易的找出这句话的主语和谓语,但that及其后面的整个句子在句中作什么成分呢?that与“where”同为引导词,为什么可以连在一起呢?不搞清楚这些问题,这一句子是很难理解的,更不用说把它完整通顺的翻译过来了。而要弄清这些问题就涉及到了翻译技巧中的句子分析问题了。只有对它进行结构上的分析处理,我们才能较为顺序的把它翻译成汉语。在这里,The result 是主语,而attrition是主语所涉及的对象内容;整个句子的谓语是is;that后面的所有成分都是作表语了。经过这样分析,整个句子结构就显得明了和简单化了。 单单从英语文法去分析句子是不够的,因为翻译实质是通过英汉两种不同的语言来转换并表达一个相同的意思。而翻译的最后结果,也是在综合分析英汉两种语言的文法的基础上出现的。因此,在翻译过程中,也不能仅仅满足于对原文进行结构分析处理并按照原文风格直译而忽视本族语言的表达方式的运用,如: They felt very happy to be able to account for the degree of diversity observed in m ost species,and the implicit constraints of homologous recombination-which prevent the exchange of genetic information between unrelated organisms lacking extensive DNA———-sequence similarity-appeared to be consistent with both a m odest rate of biological evolution and the persistence of distinct species that retain their basic identity generation after gen2 eration这一句结构相当复杂,修饰成分也特别的多,乍一看很难弄清它的内在结构,很难译过来,不仅如此,即使在弄清楚了这一句结构并仅据此一点要把它译为中文也是很难的,很为在这句中,有许多表达方式是不同于汉语的,若照此直译,而不依据汉语表达习惯进行转换,则译文就会让人难以看懂,也就达不到翻译应起的作用,因此在译这一句时,不仅要掌握英译汉的相关技巧,还应考虑汉语的表达习惯和方式。此句解析如下:本句分为前后两个部分,第一个“and”是其连接词;“they felt very happy to be able account for…….”和“the implicit constraints……ap2 peared to be……”分别是前后两部分的主干,而句子的前半部分的observed in m ost species是用来修饰the degree of diversity 的,根据汉语的习惯,这一后置定语译成汉语后应放在它的中心词的前面;由which引导的定语从句修饰constraints,因其中心只是一个单词,若把定语从句与中心词合译在一起,则让人很难把握住句子的中心意思,因此应按汉语的表达法把which引导的定语从句译成一个分句,这就能使句子的整体结构明了,意思 收稿日期:2005-11-10 作者简介:葛陈荣(1977-),男,江西赣州人,中共广东省委党校研究生部研究生,研究方向:英语翻译理论与实践;国际关系理论等。

(完整版)英语中长句的翻译

Chapter 13 英汉长句的翻译 Translation of English Long Sentences 1. 何谓长句 所谓长句,主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的复合句,亦可指含义较多的简单句。 2、汉英长句比较 英、汉两种语言在句法上存在差异,英语多为形合句,汉语多为意合句。汉语句子多属于紧缩型,英语的句子多属于扩展型.英语修辞语位置相对灵活,前置后置,比较自如,尤其倾向于后置,十分有利于句子的扩展。英语句子较长,且较多使用关联词和从句。多种从句(主语、状语、定语、表语从句)并存的长句比比皆是。因为英语结构复杂,层次变化多样,容易产生误解,所以英语长句翻译成为难点。 3、英语长句的分析 在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法: (1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语(主干/句), 从整体上把握句子的结构。 (2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。 (3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。 (4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。 (5) 注意插入语等其他成分。 例:Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。 (2) 该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等。 译文:行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平 4. 翻译方法 4 . 1 顺译法Synchronizing 有些英语长句叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排,或按逻辑关系安排,与汉语的表达方式比较一致,可按原文顺序译出。 例(1)In international buying and selling of goods, there are a number of risks, which, if they occur, will involve traders in financial losses. (在)国际贸易货物的买卖(中)存在着各种各样的风险,这些风险的发生将会给(有关的)商人们带来经济损失。 例(2) (1)In Africa I met a boy,(2) who was crying as if his heart would break and said,(3)when I spoke

浅谈法律英语中复合长句的翻译

浅谈法律英语中复合长句的翻译 众所周知,做翻译,最难处理的莫过于长句。长句不仅语法结构较为复杂,而且内容层次较多、从句和修饰成分长短不一。法律英语作为一种专业的法律语言,结构较为严谨,严肃庄重。翻译员在进行翻译时,必须严格按照翻译要求进行翻译,以保证法律文件的精确性、严谨性、规范性。本文主要就法律英语中复合长句的翻译进行了研究,并提出了自己的看法。 标签:法律英语翻译复合长句逻辑结构从句 1 概述 随着我国社会经济发展步伐的逐步加快以及经济全球化趋势的不断加强,培养专业化法律英语翻译人才越来越成为我国涉外法律发展的内在驱动力。我国自加入WTO以来,涉外法律领域就引起了法律界的广泛关注。为适应当前发展形势下的法律英语翻译需要,我国必须加快专业人才培养力度,培养一批高质量的专业化法律英语翻译人才。而对翻译员来说,其知识结构和能力结构直接决定着其专业业务水准。在进行翻译时,翻译员必须严格参照一定的翻译标准,在保证翻译准确的基础上,使翻译语言更为通顺流畅,符合汉语表达习惯。所谓翻译英语,就是指法律工作者和研究人员在法律领域使用的一种专门语言,它是英法美系国家的法律语言,是语言的一种功能变体。目前,我国在对法律英语的界定和认识上,仍存在一定的缺陷与不足。本文以法律英语中复合长句的翻译为研究对象,系统地分析和阐述了翻译中应注意的一些问题,以期为今后法律英语的翻译提供良好借鉴。 2 法律英语翻译策略 翻译员在对法律英语进行翻译,尤其是对法律英语中的长句进行翻译时,必须从其整体结构出发进行翻译,尽量保持其原句结构的完整性,并深入把握句子结构,在保证句子含义不变的基础上,采用清晰连贯的表达方式将法律条款呈现出来看。与其他语言不同,法律英语不仅具有一般语言的特点,还体现着法律的功能性。在翻译长句时,翻译员可以从主句入手,先理清主从句之间的关系,再根据逻辑关系进行翻译。一般地,一条法律英语规范中常会使用两个或以上的条件状语从句,这在普通英语中是极少出现的。本文主要以状语从句和定语从句为例,分析了法律英语的翻译策略。 2.1 状语从句翻译策略状语从句在整句中起着副词作用。按照其作用的不同,可将状语从句分为时间状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句等。在法律英语中出现频率较高的状语从句为条件状语从句、目的状语从句、时间状语从句、方式状语从句。 2.1.1 条件状语从句翻译策略。法律英语中常使用whereas,provided that,unless,in case,on condition(that)...,supposing等词引导条件状语从句,且

英语长句翻译

1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. 这个定理,先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出,曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难,包括一位法国女科学家,她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展,她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析:夹杂过去分词短语,现在分词短语,动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. 由于因特网的使用,计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的,然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你,当引进电子邮件后,打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析:夹杂较复杂的句型结构,关键词just about几乎;overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. 或许,表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身,印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析:夹杂较复杂的句型结构,关键词promising有前途的。 4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. 这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸,制成这种纸的原料不是木料,而是农业废料。 简析:关键词other than而不是。 5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. 这些术语,主要从英语和汉语引入,经常会变成不再被说本族语的人们理解的形式。简析:关键词term术语。 6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves. 它是现在很畅销的许多外语书中的一本。 简析:比喻生动形象。

专家总结:考研英语长句的翻译基本技巧与方法

专家总结:考研英语长句的翻译基本技巧与 方法 英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念,而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句作层次分明的叙述。因此,在进行英译汉时,要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异,将英语的长句分解翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中,万学海文归纳出以下的一些方法。 (1)顺序法 当英语长句的内容叙述层次与汉语基本一致时,可以按照英语原文表达的层次顺序翻译成汉语,从而使译文与英语原文的顺序基本一致。例如: But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their "expectation of life", the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.(84年考题) 分析:该句的骨干结构为"It is realized that ...",it为形式主语,that引导主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to ...结构,其中,不定式作主语,the time ...是"expectation of life"的同位语,进一步解释其含义,而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构表达了四个层次的意义:A. 可是现在人们意识到;B. 其中有些

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