小学英语动词及专项训练

小学英语动词及专项训练

1.动词的定义：表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。表示动词的词如ask ,walk等

2.动词的分类：

（1）实义动词又叫行为动词，能独立做谓语：如open，hold , learn

（2）系动词又称连系动词，不能独立做谓语，后边必须接表语组成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征等：be动词

（3）助动词，主要协助动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫做助动词。它本身没有词义，和实义动词一起构成各种时态和语态，也可构成否定或疑问结构：do、will、should、would

（4）情态动词，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。由于词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，要后接动词完成谓语部分：must、can、could、may、will 3.动词的基本形式

（1）动词原形：动词未经任何变化的原来形式。如：have、cut、see

（2）第三人称单数现在时：动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成和名词复数构成法相似。

A.直接加“s”：read--reads leave---leaves

B.以e结尾的动词，直接加“s ”: come--comes close---closes

C.以s. x. sh. 结尾的单词,加“es ”: watch---watches fix---fixes wash---washes

go--goes

D.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变“y”为“i”, 再加“es”: cry---cries

E.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加“s”:play---plays

（3）过去式的变化规则：

A.直接加“ed”：look--looked watch---watched

B.以e结尾的动词，直接加“d”: live--lived love--loved

C.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变“y”为“i”, 再加“ed ”: cry---cried

D.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加“s ”:play---played

E.动词不规则变化表

Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tense

1. am, is was

2. keep kept

3. are were

4. let let

5. become became

6. make made

7. begin began 8. meet met

9. bite bit 10. put put

11. blow blew 12. read read

13. buy bought 14. ride rode

15. catch caught 16. run ran

17. come came 18. say said

19. cost cost 20. see saw

21. cut cut 22. sing sang

dug 24. sit sat

did 26. sleep slept

27. draw drew 28. speak spoke

29. drink drank 30. sweep swept

31. eat ate 32. take took

33. fall fell taught

35. feed fed 36. tell told

felt thought

39. fly flew 40. throw threw

forgot understood

43. get got 44. give gave

45. wake woke 46. go went

47. wear wore 48. grow grew

49. win won 50. have/has had

51. write wrote 52. know knew

53 .break broke

4.动词的时态

一、一般现在时: 表示经常性、规律性习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态。

结构：

1. 动作词一般用原形，但如果是第三人称单数时（如Tony ，he ，she ），动作词用第三人称

单数形式，即加s 或es ;

在主语前加do, does帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；

在动作词前加don’t, doesn’t 帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。

2. 句子中没动作词时，用be动词：is , am , are ；

is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；

is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句。

3. 情态动词can, may, should，must引起的句子是一般现在时，后面接动词用原形；

can, may, should，must 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；

can, may, should, must后面加上not帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。

4. 肯定祈使：动词原形+ 其它

否定祈使句：Don’t +动词原形+ 其它

5．感叹句：What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers! ——What+(形)名How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are! ——How+形

A. 肯定句：(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它We come from China.

(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它He comes from China.

主语+be (is, am, are)+其它We are from China.

主语+情态动词(can, may, should, must)+V+其它She must go.

B. 否定句：(非第三人称单数)主语+don’t +V+其它We don’t come from China.

(第三人称单数) 主语+doesn’t +V+其它He doesn’t come from China.

主语+be (is, am, are) not+其它I aren’t from China.

主语+情态动词(can, may, should, must)+not +V+其它C．一般疑问句：Do +(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它Do you come from China

Does +(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它Does he come from China

be (Is, Am, Are)+主语+其它Are you from China

情态动词(Can, May, Should, Must)+主语+ V+其它She can’t go.

D．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do +(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它Where do you come from

特殊疑问词+does +(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它Where does he come from

特殊疑问词+be (is, am, are)+主语+其它Where are you from 特殊疑问词+情态动词(Can, May, Should, Must)+主语+ V+其它Can she go

二、现在进行时: 表示现在正在进行的动作。结构：

1. be动词( is , am , are) + 动词ing (现在分词)；

is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加ing；

is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句，后面的动词加ing。

A. 肯定句:主语+be（is, am, are）+Ving+其它They are coming here.

B. 否定句：主语+be（is, am, are）+not +Ving+其它They aren’t coming here.

C. 一般疑问句：be（Is, Am, Are）+主语+ Ving+其它Are they coming here

D. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ be（is, am, are）+主语+ Ving+其它What are they doing

三、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间里发生了的动作或状态。结构：

1. 动作词用过去式(ed ) ；

在主语前加did帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；

在动作词前加didn’t帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。

2. 句子中没动作词时，用be动词的过去式：was , were；

was , were 放在主语前帮助疑问句；

was , were后面加上not帮助否定句。

A. 肯定句：主语+Ved+其它We came from China

主语+be (was, were)+其它We were from China.

B. 否定句：主语+didn’t +V +其它We didn’t come from China.

主语+be (was, were) +not+其它We weren’t from China.

C．一般疑问句：Did +主语+V +其它Did you come from China

be (Was, Were)+主语+其它Were you from China D．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ did +主语+V +其它Where did you from

特殊疑问词+ be (was, were)+主语+其它Where were from

四、一般将来时：表示将来某个时间的动作或状态。结构：

1. be going to + 动词原形

is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；

is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句。

2. will+ 动词原形

will放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；

will后面加上not帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。

A. 肯定句：主语+will +V +其它He will dig a hole.

主语+ be going to +V +其它He is going to dig a hole.

B. 否定句：主语+will not +V +其它He won’t dig a hole.

主语+ be not going go +V +其它He isn’t going to dig a hole.

C．一般疑问句：Will+主语+V+其它Will he dig a hole

Be(Is, Am, Are) +主语going to +V+其它Is he going to did a hole D．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+will+主语+V+其它What will he do

特殊疑问词+be(is, am, are) +主语going to +V+其它What is he going to do

五、过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的动作。结构：

1. be动词( was, were) + 动词ing；

was, were 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加ing；

was, were后面加上not帮助否定句，后面的动词加ing。

A. 肯定句:主语+be（was, were）+Ving He was digging a hole.

B. 否定句：主语+be（was, were）+not +Ving He wasn’t digging a hole.

C. 一般疑问句：be（Was, Were）+主语+ Ving Was he digging a hole

D. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ be（was, were）+主语+ Ving What was he doing （二）时态意义与结构一览表：

习题：

1．I______(be not) a middle school student.

2．2．She ______(be) in Class Six ,Grade One . We________(be) all Young pioneers. 3．3．Sam and I________(be) in different classes .

4．5．There _______(be) a map on the wall. There _______(be) some boats in the river. 5．7．There__________(be) a pencil-box and some books in the bag .

6．8．There__________(be) two bikes and a car near the house.

7．9．I can ___________(see) some flowers on the table.

8．10. You must__________(find) those things.

9．11. ______ you ________(have) a new watch？

10．12. Let me _________(see),please. I __________(not have) a watch .

11．13. I think he ___________(be)back in a week.

12．14. It's time ___________(play) games.

13．15. I want ___________(take) some books to the classroom .

14．16. Could you ___________(take) it to your room ？

15．17. It's snowing now. We can go out __________ (play) in the snow.

16．18. ___________(not jump) too high! Would you like___________(drink) tea

19. She __________(like) her new skirt .

20. The men ____________(work) near the house now.

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fly ride flies a kite rides a bike flying riding flew rode talk get talks to my friend gets on talking getting talked got play basketball do playes football does taijiquan playing table tennis doing played did row play rows a dragon boat plays chess rowing playing rowed played

drink draw drinks soya milk draws pictures drinking drawing drank drew make make makes noodles makes dumplings making making made made run jump runs fast jumps high running jumping ran jumped jump ride jumps far rides fast jumping riding jumped rode

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university student大学生pen pal 笔友pal朋友，伙伴 五、职业 teacher老师student学生doctor医生nurse护士driver司机farmer农夫singer歌手writer作家actor 男演员actress女演员artist艺术家，美术家TV reporter电视台记者engineer工程师accountant会计师policeman警察salesperson 售货员cleaner 清洁工baseball player 棒球运动员assistant助手六、颜色 red红色blue蓝色yellow黄色green绿色white白色black黑色pink粉色purple紫色orange橘色brown棕色 七、食品 rice米饭bread面包beef牛肉milk牛奶water水egg蛋fish 鱼肉tofu豆腐cake蛋糕hot dog热狗hamburger汉堡包noodles面条meat肉chicken鸡肉pork猪肉mutton羊肉vegetable蔬菜soup汤ice-cream冰激凌Coke可乐juice果汁tea 茶coffee咖啡(breakfast 早餐lunch午餐dinner晚餐，正餐) 八、水果和蔬菜 apple苹果banana香蕉pear梨orange橘子peach桃子grape葡萄watermelon西瓜strawberry草莓coconut椰子pineapple菠萝eggplant茄子green beans青豆，绿豆，四季豆cucumber 黄瓜tomato番茄potato土豆onion 洋葱carrot胡萝卜cabbage 卷心菜九、衣服

小学动词短语汇总

常用短语汇总 动词短语 clean the floor 扫地clean the house 打扫房间collect stamps 集邮 come back 回来come from 来自……come here 来这里 come in 进来come on 过来/加油cook the meal 煮饭 do housework 做家务do morning exercises 晨练do one’s homework 做作业do some reading 读点书do sports 做运动draw a picture 画画 drink some water 喝些水drive a car 驾车fall over 跌倒 get off 下车get out of 走出（……之外）go and have a look 去看一看go back 回去go boating 去划船go fishing 去钓鱼go for a walk 去散步go home 回家go on a diet 节食go out 出去go shopping 去购物go sightseeing 去观光go skating 去溜冰go skiing 去滑雪go straight on 直走go swimming 去游泳go to bed 去睡觉go to school 去上学go to the cinema 去看电影go to work 去上班have a bath 洗澡have a Chinese lesson 上语文课have a cold 感冒have a fever 发烧have a good time 玩得开心have a headache 头痛have a look 看一看have a picnic 举行野餐活动工have a rest 休息have a stomachache 胃痛have a tooth-ache 牙痛have a trip 去旅游have a try 试一试have been to 到过have breakfast 吃早餐have fun 玩得开心have lunch 吃午饭have some coke 喝些可乐have supper/dinner 吃晚饭have time 有时间just a minute 等一下just now 刚才keep a diary 记日记let me see 让我想一想/让我看一看listen to music 听音乐listen to the CDs 听CD 碟listen to the radio 听收音机make friends 交朋友make the bed 整理床铺next to 下一个no problem 没问题paint a picture 涂画pick up 捡起plant trees 种树 play badminton 打羽毛球play basketball 打篮球play cards 打牌 play football 踢足球play games 玩游戏play table tennis 打乒乓球 play tennis 打网球play the guitar 弹吉他play the piano 弹钢琴 put away 放好put on 穿上ride a bike 骑自行车 see a film 看电影take a message 传递信息take exercise 进行锻炼 take medicine 服药take off 脱下take photos 照相