-2018上海市上海中学高三上学期周练英语试题(一)讲课教案

上海中学高三周考

II.Grammar and vocabulary

Section A 10%

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

There seems never 21 (be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.

In the ancient world, as is today, most boys 22 (play) with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies 23 social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls 24 (prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.

25 is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly 26 craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology.

It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present 27 is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life 28 toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.

Because toys 29 be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to 30 used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be

used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

which we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involve alcohol cigarettes food drugs gambling etc. This article discusses the concepts which can be

31 in coping with addictive behavior.

32 minor addictions such as watching too much television or lying in bed on weekend mornings are often not even considered addictions because the price paid for engaging in them is not high. On the other hand we tend to use the term “addict” to describe the person who at least in the eyes of others continues to be addicted in a behavior long after it has become 33 that the substantial price being paid was not worth the benefit. The individual who has lost career house family and friends because of cocaine (可卡因) use but is 34 to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.

Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned with much 35 in between. Although it is not 36 true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time yet a constant level of addictive behavior (e.g. overspending $ 200 a week ) can lead to an increasing level of negative consequences.

You may be 37 to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh the price. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The price of membership in a gym the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health energy self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions positive addictions may not get stronger over time and there is a broad 38 of how much benefit is actually obtained.

What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urge to engage in the addictive behavior and the satisfaction that is 39 when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of 40 and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because we experience relief when the urge is acted upon there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.

III.Reading comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The importance of liking people is the subject of an article in the Harvard Business. Review，which has carried out an experiment to find out who we'd rather work with. Hardly surprisingly, the people we want most as our workmates are both: 41 at their job and

delightful human beings. And the people we want least are both unpleasant and useless. More interestingly, the autors found that, given the choice between working with lovable folls and comptent jerks (性情古怪的人), we irresistibly choose the 42 . Anyway, who likes those who 43 or hurt other people? We might insist that competence matters more, but

our 44 shows we stay close to the people we like, sharing information with them.

What companies should 45 do is get people to like each other more. The trick here is apparently to make sure that stuffs come across each other as often as possible during day. They also should be sent on bonding courses and so on to encourage friendliness and

46 displeasure.

47 , more outdoor-activity weekends and shared coffee machines inspire no confidence at all. The 48 is that people either like each other or they don’t.You can’t force it. Possibly you can make offices fridendlier by tolerating a lot of chat, but there is a 49 cost to that. In my experience, the question of lovable fool against competent jerk may not be the right one. The two are interrelated: we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely 50 . I was once quite friendly with a woman whom I later worked with. I found her to be so 51 bad at her job that I lost respect for her and ended up not really liking her at all. Then is there anything that companies should be doing about it?

By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who are all pretty much the same, given that 52 is one of the main determinants of whether we like each other. I

think this is a pretty good ides, but no one 53 recommend this anymore without offending the diversity lobby group (游说团体). There is only one acceptable view on this subject: teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity. This may be true, though I have never seen any conclusive proof of it.

Not only do we like similar people, we like people who like us. So if companies want to 54 more liking, they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to each other. The

55 is that this needs to be done with some skill.

41.A. strange B. brilliant C. surprised D. absent-minded

42.A. former B. latter C. majority D. minority

43.A. hate B. fear C. doubt D. annoy

44.A. thought B. behavior C. expression D. appearance

45.A. further B. nevertheless C. therefore D. instead

46.A. break down B. talk to C. pick out D. hold out

47.A. besides B. Furthermore C. However D. Hence

48.A. impression B. reality C. practice D. custom

49.A. investment B. production C. operation D. productivity

50.A. valueless B. disabled C. hopeless D. careless

51.A. outstandingly B. inevitably C. hopefully D. forgetfully

52.A. appearance B. effectiveness C. distinction D. similarity

53.A. need B. dare C. must D. should

54.A. create B. discover C. promote D. place

55.A. strategy B. standard C. hope D. trouble

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

A

As a father of four, I’m concerned about how to lead my children to be good young men and women in such a turbulent time. I have studied philosophy, mysticism, and religion my entire life. They provide great lessons in responsibility and growth. However, I also recognize that, at least at this point in their lives, my children are not terribly interested in such subjects. While I was reflecting on this, I was reminded of a line in a song I had heard recently. It goes: “If you had only one chance to say something, what would it be?”

That night, I found my tow oldest kids lounging on the couch watching a TV show that featured violence, cursing and even so me “adult scenes”. I quietly sat on a chair next to them.

I saw my boy straighten up, and my girl pretended to ignore me. I didn’t make any usual comments about the pointlessness of such programs. I didn’t even roll my eyes, although this took some effort. I simply asked:

Can you tell me how this will make you a batter person?

Without a word, I got up and left the room. About ten minutes later, to my surprise, the children were in their rooms doing their homework and the television was silent. Remarkable.

This philosophy can change the way we live our lives. For example, whenever I feel angry and get the urge to lash out, I ask myself: “How does this acting or feeling the way I do right now make me a better person?” I began to realize that rarely did my tho ughts or actions result in self-improvement, so I made conscious effort to change my mindset and behavior.

We all want to be better fathers, mothers, sons and daughters. Better workers, better leaders, better lovers...... this list goes on. Sometimes succeeding in these roles can be tough. But one question aligns us with all those duties we possess to society and ourselves: “Is this making me a better person?”

Whatever I said, it worked. My daughter has begun watching nature programs instead of violent TV shows, and she decided to go to school to become a counselor. My son told me he wants to be a police officer. I’ve since thrown away all those parenting magazines and books I’ve collected over the years because I made more progress with a single question than I did with hundreds of pages of “experts” advice.

56.When the writer found his kids watching inappropriate TV programs that night, he appeared .

A .calm B. indifferent C. critical D. anxious

57.How can this philosophy change the way we live our lives?

A.By calming ourselves down when we are angry

B.By raising a question about our current action and feeling

C.By helping us realize our need for self-improvement

D.By providing us with new mindset and behavior

58.Why did the writer throw away his parenting magazines and books?

A.Because his kids had grown out of them

B.Because they didn’t offer him any help.

C.Because that single question was more useful

D.Because the expert advice was too much to follow

59.The wrote this passage to

A.convince teenagers of the downsides to watching TV

B.introduce a life philosophy by telling a parenting story

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/af2956905.html,rm the readers of how he helped hid kids set good goals

D.call on other other parents to trust themselves instead of experts.

B

When the people you know run more, you run more. And now there's data to prove it.

A new study published today in Nature Communications of the daily-recorded exercise patterns of more than one million runners over five years shows that exercise is socially contagious. Your knowledge of what your friends are doing can and will motivate you to do more. The work marks a watershed moment in the use of detailed fitness tracking data to understand health behavior and causal behavior change.

"Knowing the running behaviors of your friends as shared on social networks can cause you to run farther, faster, and longer," said MIT Sloan Professor Sinan Aral, an author of "Exercise contagion in a global social network."

Aral and colleague Christos Nicolaides, a postdoctoral fellow at MIT Sloan, used a data set that recorded the geographic location, social network ties, and daily running patterns of more than one million people who ran 359 million combined kilometers (223 million miles) and logged those runs digitally in a global social network of runners over five years. The data contain the daily distance, duration, pace, and calories burned by the runners, recorded by digital fitness tracking devices. The results, said Aral, revealed "strong contagion effects."

"On the same day, on average, an additional kilometer run by friends can inspire someone to run an additional three-tenths of a kilometer and an additional ten minutes run by friends can inspire someone to run three minutes longer," the authors wrote.

Historically, in the context of exercise, a debate exists about whether we make upward comparisons to those performing better than ourselves or downward comparisons to those performing worse than ourselves. Comparisons to those ahead of us may motivate our own self-improvement, while comparisons to those behind us may create "competitive behavior to protect one's superiority." According to Aral, there is evidence for both trajectories in the study, but comparisons to those better than us are more powerful.

Gender matters too. The contagion is most pronounced among men, with men influencing other men to run farther and faster. In this regard, men may be more competitive and, specifically, more competitive with each other. Influence among same sex pairs is strong while influence among mixed sex pairs is weaker. Both men and women influence men. However, only women influence women who have reported, in earlier studies, being more influenced by self-regulation and individual planning than by their peers.

60.The word “contagious” in paragraph 2 most probably means

A.infectious

B. communicative

C. motivated

D. available

61.J ack and Tom both are friends and like running. They post their runs every day on social media. According to the research, if one day Jack ran for an hour and a half and Tom an hour, them how long would Tom most probably run the next day?

A.30 minutes

B.63minutes

C.69minutes

D.90 minutes

62.Which runner tends to get the most powerful influence?

A.A man making upward comparisons to his female friends.

B.A man making upward comparisons to his male friends.

C.A competitive women making comparisons to her peers

D.A self-regulated woman who prefer individual planning

C

The study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate studies.

The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiments is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear –casting into questions the validity of the results from the first experiment.

Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought.

Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings in psychological science. These problems are not confined to psychology however –many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.

Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet, we simply aren’t invested in replicating findings. We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works. So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid?

Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK, the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality (how innovative is the research?), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance?),

and rigour (is the research technically right?). Outputs are then awarded one to four stars. 4* papers are considered world-leading. The cumulative total of 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allocation and has a knock-on effect on institutional position in league tables (排名表) and therefore attractiveness to students. Obviously, the more publications the better.

Worrying, many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionable research practice in order to achieve publication. Examples of this include: coming up with a theory after data is collected, stopping collecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, or only reporting the significant effects from collected data. Others simply fabricate data – Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than 50 studies.

The Ref completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge. Why? The focus on originality – publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms, and avoiding testing well-established theories – is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve the troubling replication crisis. According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.

With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.

63.What crisis the study of psychology facing?

A.The Ref has led to a revolution in not only psychology but also science.

B.The universities are encouraged to generate more groundbreaking research.

C.The Ref tends to set up a different standard for replications of studies.

D.The Ref’s indifference to replications of studies has led to worrying effects.

64.The Ref’s focus on originality has brought about .

A.a reliable body of knowledge

B.publications exploring new areas

C.tests of well-established theories

D.uninteresting replications of studies

65.We can infer from the passage that the Ref .

A.is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universities

B.provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunities

C.rec ognizes researchers’ work and adds to their attractiveness to students

D.is planning to change its standard before the next Ref submission

66.What does the writer mean by saying “be a good scientist”?

学习资料

A.Contribute to the solution to the replication crisis.

B.Reform the standards that have been set up by the Ref.

C.Give up possible funding and promotion given by universities.

D.Avoid using false research practices to test old theories.

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A.The parents’ refusal to admit these changes when the child knows them to be true makes

impossible.

B.Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been

unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.

C.They may even make some unpleasant remark’s about the friends’ parents, and think of them

as disloyalty.

D.Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for

the child and the parent.

E.What the child cannot forgive is the parent’s refusal to admit these charges if the child knows

them to be true.67

F.They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some unpleasant remarks about the friends’

parents.

Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur (诋毁) on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough

to let the teenagers see that they are annoyed. 67 Such a loss of dignity and a kind of childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the teenager, and makes them decide that in future they will not talk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.

Disillusionment(醒悟) with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.

68 Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much

belief their children usually have in their character and correctness, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this teen-aged reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by offending and resisting it. The teenagers, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. 69

Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating（伪装）behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too frightened to let them know how they really felt. 70 It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.

IV.Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

71. 新任的总统因军事危机而忧心忡忡。（concern）

72. 即便他负担得起奢侈品，他也不会把钱浪费在不必要的东西上。（afford）

73. 尽管他急需钱，但他不会想当然地认为尊严能换来钱。（desperate）

74. 面对质疑和反对，他仍然坚持立场，毫不让步，这是他成为伟人的关键。（key）

参考答案

21. to have been 22. played 23. where 24. are [being] prepared 25. What 26.in 27.that 28.because 29.can 30.one

31-40 JKHAFCGIDE

41-55 BADBC DCBDA BDBAA

（A）：ADCB

（B）：CCB

（C）DBAA

67-80 FBED

IV. Translation

71. 新任的总统因军事危机而忧心忡忡。（concern）

The newly-elected president was much concerned about the military crisis.

72. 即便他负担得起奢侈品，他也不会把钱浪费在不必要的东西上。（afford）

Even if he can afford (to buy) luxuries, he won’t waste money on those unnecessary things.

73. 尽管他急需钱，但他不会想当然地认为尊严能换来钱。（desperate）

Though he is desperate for money, he won’t take it for granted that dignity can be traded for money.

74. 面对质疑和反对，他仍然坚持立场，毫不让步，这是他成为伟人的关键。（key）

Faced with doubts and objections, he still held his ground and never gave in, which was his key to becoming a great man.

2017 2018上海市上海中学高一上学期周练英语试题

上海中学2017-2018学年第学期高一英语试题 Choice 21.The impact__________ high technology draws worldwide attention. A.on 22.________________,the more expansive gestures you should employ when you deliver a speech. A.The more audience there is B.The more the audience are C.As much audience as there is D.The larger the audience is 23.John is really an independent boy and he tries his best to settle every problem_______. A.of his own his own C,for his own his own 24.The queen,__________ an old woman, made a poisonous apple and came to the cottage to tempt Snow White to eat it. A,dressed in was dressing like like had clothes on as 25.It is reported that __________schools in the west of China are improving their study environment. A.a great many of large number of B..a great amount of large number of you really mean_________a basketball player? Do you know that training to be a basketball player means_____________at least eight hours every day? ,practicing be,practicing be,to practice ,to practice the workload of a _________job alongside a course of study can be difficult, so there is an increasing tendency for people to give up work and go back to school. 28. I couldn't resist having another piece of cake ____________I was supposed to be on a diet and lose weight. if 29. Your children will not follow your advice to ____________business management as his major if you ___________. up,force him to up,force him on,force him to on,force him 30.The students of class 8____________a farewell party for their retired class teacher

2018-2019学年上海中学高三上英语期中英语试卷

II.Grammar and Vocabulary Section B Recently,I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting.As we were about to arrive,the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight delay before setting down.High desert winds had forced the airport to close all but one runway.He said that we would be circling the city for a few minutes waiting to land.We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts(21)________(fasten) because there might be a few bumps.Well,that few minutes turned into about forty-five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster(22)________(pale)by comparison. The movement was so sudden(23)________several passengers felt sick and had to use airsickness bags.(24)________you might guess,that’s not good thing to happen in a narrow space because it only serves to increase the discomfort of the situation. About twenty minutes into the adventure,the entire airplane became very quiet.There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be distinctly noticed.Every passenger simply held on for dear life… (25)________one.A baby was having a good time!With each bump of the aircraft,he(26)________let out a giggle of happiness.As I observed this,I realized that he didn’t know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his safety.He(27)________thought about the past nor about the future.Those are (28)________we grown-ups have learned from experience.He was enjoying the ride because he (29)________(not teach)to fear it.(30)________(understand)this,I took a deep breath and sat back into my seat,pretending I was really on a roller coaster.I smiled for the rest of the flight.I even managed to giggle once or twice,which is much to the chagrin of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag. C Section People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten.If you lived in the Mediterranean,for instance,you would consider octopus a great__31__.You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive.On the other hand,your stomach would__32__ at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat---the__33__accepted practice in many northern countries.The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we__34__to them all our lives. No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail.Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world.There are countless people who,ever since their early years,have learned to__35__snails with food.My friend,Robert,lives in a country where snails are despised.As his flat is in a large town,he has no garden of his own.For years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him.The idea never appealed to me very much,but one day,after a heavy__36__,I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my__37__plants.Acting on a sudden impulse,I collected several dozen,put them in a paper bag,and took them to Robert.Robert was delighted to see me and__38__pleased with my little gift.I left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours.I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. 第1页/共8页

上海中学高一周练10(2019.12)

上海中学高一周练数学试卷10 2019.12 一. 填空题 1. 函数2lg(23)y x x =--的定义域为 ，单调递减区间为 2. 函数2413x x y -+-=的单调递增区间为 ，值域为 3. 若函数1()21 x f x a =+ -是奇函数，则a 的值为 4. 若lg lg 2x y +=，则1100x y +的最小值为 5. 若log 2a x =，log 3b x =，log 4c x =，则log abc x 的值为 6. 已知幂函数2()(57)m f x m m x =-+是R 上的增函数，则m 的值为 7. 若关于x 的方程3 23()25x a a +=-有负根，则实数a 的取值范围为 8. 已知偶函数()f x 是以2为周期的周期函数，且当(0,1)x ∈时，()21x f x =-，则 2(log 10)f 的值为 9. 已知13()1 x f x x -=+，函数()y g x =的图像与1(1)y f x -=+的图像关于直线y x =对称， 则(3)g 的值为 10. 已知0x >，定义()f x 表示不小于x 的最小整数，若1(3())(6)31x f x f x f +=+ +，则 正数x 的取值范围为 11. 对于函数1()42x x f x m +=-?，若存在实数0x ，使得00()()f x f x -=-成立，则实数m 的取值范围为 12. 设函数()f x =a ∈R ，e 为自然对数的底数），若曲线221x y +=上存在00(,)x y 使得00(())f f y y =，则a 的取值范围为 二. 选择题 13. 函数|24|()x f x a -=（0a >且1a ≠），满足1(1)9 f =，则()f x 的单调递减区间为（ ） A. (,2]-∞ B. [2,)+∞ C. [2,)-+∞ D. (,2]-∞- 14. 奇函数()y f x =的反函数为函数1()y f x -=，函数1()y f x -=在[0,)+∞上是减函数， 则函数()y f x =-在(,0)-∞上为（ ） A. 增函数 B. 减函数 C. 非单调函数 D. 不能确定

2018年上海浦东新区高三二模试卷(附答案)

2018年浦东新区高三二模语文试卷 （时间150分钟，满分150分）2018.4 一积累运用（10分） 1.按要求填空（5分） （1），幽咽泉流冰下难。（白居易《》） （2）香远益清，亭亭净植，。（周敦颐《爱莲说》） （3）苏轼在《江城子》中有“相顾无言，惟有泪千行”的诗句，在柳永的《雨霖铃》中意境与之相似的一句是“，”。 2.按要求选择。（5分） （1）今年南汇桃花节，小刘去踏青觅胜，欲留影配诗，下列诗句和赏花场景不匹配的一项是（）。（2分） A.满树和娇烂漫红，万枝丹彩灼春融。 B.桃花一簇开无主，可爱深红爱浅红。 C.花开不并百花丛，独立疏篱趣无穷。 D.一树繁英夺眼红，开时先合占东风。 填入下面语段空白处的句子，最恰当的一项是（）。（3分） 文明是史，未进入文明之前是史前时期，未进入文明的文化是史前文化，未有字，焉有史？文明的标志当然是文字，，中国人大可底气十足地说，中华文明至少肇始于三千年前，其独一无二的持久性正有汉字之功。 A．而文明预示着文字有走向伟大的资本与长寿的禀赋 B．而文字预示着文明有走向伟大的资本与长寿的禀赋 C．而文明预示着文字有走向长寿与伟大的资本和禀赋 D．而文字预示着文明有长寿的资本与走向伟大的禀赋 二阅读（70分） （一）阅读下文，完成3-7题。（16分） 导演的限制与自由 ①导演的地位和作用问题，是近代戏剧史上一个争论不休的话题。主流派认为，剧本是舞台艺术的基础，导演则是剧本的诠释者和体现者。导演创作，可以发展或充实刷本，但却不能违背原作的立意与风格。从俄国的斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基到美国的贝拉斯科、中国的焦菊隐

等，都持这种观点。 ②也有人认为，导演是现代戏剧的核心，他可以随意篡改或解构剧本，甚至干脆不要据本，正如他有权设计布景，有权摆布演员，有权使用音响灯光一样。一些先锋派导演或理论家多持这种观点。如果把这种“导演中心”论限制在演出的范围内，还是有道理的，作为某种创新实验，更是无可厚非，但要推行于全部戏刷活动，恐怕就行不通了。 ③导演的职责是排戏。作为整个创作群体的一员，导演的基本职责是把剧本搬到舞台上去，使文学形象转化为可视可听可感的舞台形象。而剧本，特别是那些久经考验的经典剧目，往往包含着丰厚的文化内容，所以一个导演必须具备广博的社会、历史、人文知识，方能深入发握原作的思想内涵，充分展现其独特的艺术风貌。其次，导演是演出的组织者。为了把各种艺术成分组织起来，融为一体，创造出和谐、统一的舞台形象，导演必须谙悉舞台艺术的方方面面，具有较强的组织领导能力。第三，导演还承担着培养演员的责任。演员是舞台艺术的中心，当然也是导演的主要表现手段。选好演员，往往戏就成功了一半。好的导演，在排戏当中，能以各种方式启发演员，激起演员的创作欲望，从而大大提高演员的艺术表现能力。现代剧坛上的许多优秀演员，都是在一些著名导流的培养下，迅速成长起来的。 ④导演艺术是以刷本为基出，以完整和谐的舞台艺术为表现形式的二度创作。导演创作不仅受到剧本的制约，而且必须在舞台艺术和技术条件所能达到的范围内进行。可以说，导演是戏剧艺术里限制最多，也最富挑战性的工作，是名副其实的戴着脚镣跳舞。所以，《艺术形态学》的作者莫·卡冈说，“导演是最少独立性的艺术，因为它是其他所有艺术的上层建筑，而它控制其他这些艺术，使它们互相‘迁就”，最终创造出以它们的综合为基础的新的艺术。”

上海市名校数学真题之上海中学高一周练1(2017.3)

上海中学高一周练数学卷 2017.3.2 一. 填空题 1. 若角α的终边过点(12,35)-，则s i n α= ；cos α= ； tan α= ； cot α= ；sec α= ；csc α= ； 2. 已知20tan 21 α=，且α是第三象限角，则sin α= ；cos α= ； cot α= ；sec α= ；csc α= ； 3. 角度制与弧度制互化：大小为105?的角的弧度数是 ；大小为3?的角的弧度数是 ；弧度数为20 π的角，其大小用角度制表示是 ； 4. 在一个半径为2的圆中，两条半径将圆周分成一段劣弧和一段优弧，其中劣弧长为2，则 劣弧所在的扇形与优弧所在的扇形的面积之比为 5. 若sin |cos ||sin |cos αααα=，则α的取值范围是 6. 已知02απ≤<，(cos 4,sin 4)--是角α终边上的一点，则α = 7. 已知集合{|,}3m A m Z παα==∈，集合{|,}4 n B n Z πββ==∈，则A B = 8. 已知sin cos αα-=，(0,)απ∈，则tan α= 9. 在下列四个命题中，正确命题的序号是 ① 若α角与β角的终边关于原点对称，则sin sin 0αβ+=，cos cos 0αβ+=； ② 若α角与β角的终边关于x 轴对称，则sin sin 0αβ+=，cos cos 0αβ+=； ③ 若α角与β角的终边关于y 轴对称，则sin sin 0αβ+=，cos cos 0αβ+=； ④ 若cos cos αβ=且sin sin αβ=，则α角与β角的终边相同； 10. 化简：sin(31)tan(747)cos(684)tan(27)cos(36)sin(329) αααααα??????++-=++- 11. 已知AB 是平面Γ内一条长度为2的线段，集合{|M M ψ=∈Γ且至少存在一个半径 为2的圆，使得M 、A 、B 中的每一点，都是或者在此圆内，或者在此圆周上}，则ψ中 的点形成的平面区域的面积为 二. 选择题 1. 记cos(100)k ?=，那么tan 80?=（ ） A. B. C. D.

上海市七宝中学2016届高三考前模拟英语试题(一) Word版含答案

2016高三英语模拟考试 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) Once just a science fiction idea, VR has now become more accessible than ever. (25) _________ (wear) a pair of VR goggles connected to your computer and you can experience a lot of things without stepping out of the room. From climbing (26) _________ (high) mountain in the world to flying a spacecraft, the things you can experience with VR are limitless. This new 'reality ' is starting to takeover China. The Report on Chinese VR Users' Behavior was released on March 18 during the 12th TFC Global Mobile Game Conference & Intelligent Entertainment Expo held in Beijing. The report is based on a survey of 5,626 people, (27) _________ (age) between 15 and 39, from across the country. It shows that up to 68.5 percent of people have heard of or are interested in VR products. But surprisingly, it isn't new technology that has made VR so popular. 'VR has been (28) _________ for many years, but it will stick this time because there's enough computer power and the price will just keep going down,' Todd Richmond, a VR group member with the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers in the US, told USA Today. VR (29) _________ (expect) to change various different fields. For example, VR could be used to train pilots and miners before they had to actually risk their lives in highly dangerous working environments, or to treat patients with acrophobia(恐高症）by making them think they were standing on top of a high building. 'If you have perfect virtual reality, (30) _________ you'll be able to simulate everything that a human can experience or imagine experiencing,it's hard to imagine where you go from there,' Palmer Luckey, 23 inventor of the Oculus VR goggles, told NPR. But the technology is still far from perfect. Users report experiencing motion sickness, headaches and other discomfort while wearing VR goggles. Also, (31) _________ more and more tools are flooding the market, the software that runs VR games and simulators has yet to catch up with all the new advancements. It could take (32) _________ while for VR to be widely accepted. When every new technology is first introduced, the technology (33) _________ is the driving force. But for it to really blend into people's lives, meeting basic and practical needs should be the main aim. (B) It has become the talk of the town: A stranger allegedly attacked a woman in a Beijing hotel at night on April 3. The man is said to have clutched her by the neck and attempted to drag her into the elevator. Lodgers passed by, but no one tried to intervene until one woman did. Her actions are believed to (34) _________ (save) the victim from whatever was going to happen to her. The incident has pushed the risks of solo traveling into the spotlight. Online forums like Sina Weibo (35) _________ (flood) with advice for how women (36) _________ protect themselves

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解B篇--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

III. Reading Comprehension Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. B Kettlebells do not hurt people. People do. A kettlebell will get your respect – the easy way or the hard way. Here is the easy way. 1. Get a medical clearance. Get clearance, especially from an orthopedist and a cardiologist. The latter is no joking matter, since kettlebell training can be extremely intense. 2. Always be aware of your surroundings. Find a training area with a non-slippery surface on which you are not afraid to drop a kettlebell. The area must be clear of objects you might trip over – including other kettlebells – or that you might hit with a kettlebell. There should be no people or animals in a radius where you could injure them. 3. Train barefoot or wear shoes with a flat, thin sole and room for the toes to spread. Training barefoot is superior for health and performance reasons. If you must wear shoes, wear Converse Chuck Taylors, Vibram Five Fingers, or similar shoes that have thin soles and do not pinch the toes together. You have sensory receptors on the bottoms of your feet that make you stronger and improve balance and coordination. Wearing traditional shoes diminishes the ability of these receptors to work properly, and therefore inhibits performance and can increase the risk of injury. Go native. 4. Never contest for space with a kettlebell. Do not try to save a rep that has gone wrong. Guide the kettlebell to fall harmlessly, and move out of the way if necessary. And remember, quick feet are happy feet. 5. Practice all safety measures at all times. Respect every kettlebell, even the lightest one. Always use perfect form picking up and setting down a kettlebell. The set is not over until the bell is safely parked.

上海市大同中学2018届高三三模数学试题Word版含详细答案

2018年上海大同中学高三三模 第Ⅰ卷（共60分） 一、填空题（每题5分，满分60分，将答案填在答题纸上） 1.复数 122i i -+的虚部为 ． 2. 二项式4 x ? - ? 的展开式中常数项为 ． 3.甲、乙两个袋子中均装有红、白两种颜色的小球，这些小球除颜色外完全相同，其中甲袋装有4个红球、2个白球，乙袋装有1个红球、5个白球.现分别从甲、乙两袋中各随机抽取1个球，则取出的两球颜色不同的概率为 ．（用分数作答） 4.过点()6,3M -且和双曲线2222x y -=有相同的渐近线的双曲线方程为 ． 5.已知实数x 、y 满足1210x x y x y m ≥? ? -+≤??+≤? ，若此不等式组所表示的平面区域形状为三角形，则m 的取值范围为 ． 6.设圆锥底面圆周上两点A 、B 间的距离为2，圆锥顶点到直线AB AB 和圆 锥的轴的距离为1，则该圆锥的体积为 ． 7.等比数列 {}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，若对于任意的正整数k ，均有()lim k n k n a S S →∞ =-成立，则公比q = ． 8.三棱锥D ABC -及其三视图中的主视图和左视图如图所示，则棱BD 的长为 ． 9.将函数()sin 2y x ?=+的图象向左平移 4π个单位后得到得到函数图象关于点4,03π?? ??? 成中心对称，那么?的最小值为 ．

10.已知不等式20ln 0m m n n ???? -≥ ? ????? 对任意正整数n 恒成立，则实数m 取值范围是 ． 11.若[]0,απ∈，,44ππβ?? ∈-?? ?? ，R λ∈，满足：3 cos 202πααλ??---= ?? ? ， 3 4sin cos 0βββλ ++=，则cos 2αβ?? + ??? 的值为 ． 12.如图直角梯形ABCD 中，2AB BC ==，1CD =，//AB CD ，AD AB ⊥.点P 是直角梯形区域内任意一点，0PA PB ≤.点P 所在区域的面积是 ． 二、选择题：本大题共4个小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的. 13.已知,a b R ∈，下列四个条件中，使“a b >”成立的必要而不充分的条件是（ ） A ．1a b >- B ．1a b >+ C. a b > D ．22a b > 14. 设等差数列 {}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且满足190S >，200S <，则 11S a 、22S a 、3 3 S a 、…、19 19 S a 中最大项为（ ） A ． 88S a B ．99S a C. 1010 S a D ．1111S a 15.平面α外有两条直线m 和n ，如果m 和n 在平面α内的摄影分别是1m 和1n ，给出下列四个命题：①1 1m n m n ⊥?⊥；②11m n m n ⊥?⊥；③1m 与1n 相交?m 与n 相交或重 合；④1m 与1n 平行?m 与n 平行或重合；其中不正确的命题个数是（ ） A ．1 B ．2 C. 3 D ．4

上海名校数学周周爽：上海中学高一下学期数学周周练9

上海中学高一数学周练卷 一. 填空题 1. 已知实数0a <与G ，G ，依次成等 比数列，则G = 2. 项数为k 的数列{}n a 的各项不是0就是1，而且此数列既不是只有0，也不是只有1，所 有的0相连且所有的1相连，这样的数列有 个 3. 数列{}n a 满足11a =，且11n n a a n +-=+（*n N ∈），则数列1{}n a 的前n 项和为 4. 已知数列{}n a 对任意的*n N ∈都有21n n n a a a ++=-，而11a =，23a =，则数列{}n a 的 前n 项和n S 能取得的最大值为 5. 将一条长度为1的线段三等分，抹去中间的一段，以此作为第一次操作，将第一次操作后留下的两条线段的每一条都三等分，并各自将中间的一段抹去，以此作为第二次操作，此后的每次操作都按上述方式进行，如果这样的操作进行了八次，则剩余的所有线段的长度和 为 6. 制作如图所示的一个“3步”的楼梯用了18根牙签， 如果要做成一个“10步”楼梯，还需要增加的牙签的 根数是 7. 算式9291 2(2(22(2(2(2(2(21)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1????????+++++++++个个的值是 8. 若三角形的三边长是公差为1的等差数列，最大角是最小角的两倍，则最小角的余弦值为 9. 已知数列{}n a 和{}n b 的通项公式分别为2n a n =和2n n b =，数列{}n a 的前m 项构成集合A ，数列{}n b 的前k 项构成集合B ，且m k a b =，任取x A B ∈，则用k 表示x A B ∈的 概率为 10. 已知实数x 使得1sin a x =，2cos a x =，3tan a x =的数列{}n a 为等比数列，若 1cos n a x =+，则n = 11. 如图，互不相同的点12,,,,n A A A ??????和12,,,,n B B B ?????? 分别在角O 的两条边上，所有n n A B 相互平行，且所有梯形 11n n n n A B B A ++的面积均相等，设n n OA a =，若11a =， 22a =，则数列{}n a 的通项公式是n a = 12. 在自然数数列中，保留前4个数，划去1个数，保留5个数，划去2个数，保留6个数，

2020-2021学年上海市闵行区七宝中学高三英语上学期10月月考试卷-难易度及易错题分析版

2020-2021学年上海市闵行区七宝中学 高三英语上学期10月月考试卷 I. Listening Comprehension(略) II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp (21) you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and had the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills (22) (assess)through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months (23) (take) the same sorts of tests. Those who (24) (hold)mentally stimulating, demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive（认知）function (25) a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status. “This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work — sure, you will feel tired, (27) it can help your brain stay healthy. ” It’s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work (26) can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’ s job, for example, (28) ( require) multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating（协调）,” she says. “You (29) _______ ________organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.” Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons — including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge (30) mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 【答案】 21. as 22. assessed23. to take 24.had held25. at26. that 27. but28.requiring 29. have to30. yourself 【难度】中等

上海市上海中学2019届高三上学期摸底考试英语试题 Word版含答案

2018-2019学年上海中学高三第一学期摸底考试 II.Grammar and Vocabulary 温馨提示：多少汗水曾洒下，多少期待曾播种，终是在高考交卷的一刹尘埃落地，多少记忆梦中惦记，多少青春付与流水，人生，总有一次这样的成败，才算长大。高考保持心平气和，不要紧张，像对待平时考试一样去做题，做完检查一下题目，不要直接交卷，检查下有没有错的地方，然后耐心等待考试结束。 Section A Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the other answer that best completes the sentence. 25.While I was waiting to enter ________ university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in ________ suburb of London. A. /, a B. an, a C. a, the D. the ,the 26.In most cases, ________ a passenger has his ticket and managers to catch his train, he can reach his destination more comfortably than ________ he had to drive himself. A. once, if B. that ,if C. when, while D. where, when 27.The invention of the modern computer is one of the great contributions ________ to man’s efficiency. A. having ever been made B. ever been made C. ever made D. having ever made 28.I was not able to work out the problem ________ my teacher explained it. A. as B. unless C. until D. when 29.For him to be re-elected, what is essential is not that his policy works, but ________ the public believe that it does. A. / B. whether C. that D. if