The-Raven中英文赏析doc资料

哥特式文学首先盛行于18，19世纪的西方世界，旨在描述发生在

充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。许多学者认为，“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作，而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中，在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”（刘守兰：55）。作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱，埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究，而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。

一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论

爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。追根究底，这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛，与中年的丧妻之痛。而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋，引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。众多作家在描写恐怖情节时，常对外部环境进行大力渲染，而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡，尤其是美丽尤物的死亡，将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题（Poe：133-140）”。他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则，并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格，本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。

二、意象塑造

1、人与物的塑造

《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象：年轻男子与乌鸦。悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子，他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛，但一切都是徒劳，他越看书，越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀；而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜，飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。此外，诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。其一为黑色，“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”（朱立元：489-490）。诗中所连续采用的黑色背景，可使读者感到压抑，从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。

诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。除该词的原意外，它还具有象征意义。在乌鸦出场时，悲伤的男子问它叫什么名字，乌鸦的回答就是“永远不再”，但当主人翁向乌鸦询问是否有良药以消除他心中对蕾诺的思念时，当他想知道是否能与蕾诺在遥远的天堂再次相会时，以及最后要求乌鸦离开小屋时，乌鸦都是通过“永远不再”作答，也正是这个词，使得男子陷入永恒的悲痛深渊。

2、场景设置

读者可在开篇看到一幅夜半三更的凄厉画卷：

阴森的气氛，令人毛骨悚然的场景，神秘而忧郁的男子,不祥的乌鸦……在阴郁而寒冷的午夜，除寒风的呼啸声与男子翻动书页的声音，周围的一切均可谓万籁俱寂，屋外的世界在夜的面纱笼罩之下，而屋内的狭小空间在昏暗的光线下显得忽明忽暗，突然一阵短暂的敲门声在他房门上叩响，但当他打开房门查看时，却不见敲门人，只有无情的黑夜与肆虐的狂风。然而，当他回到屋内，之前的敲门声却再次响起，乌鸦在这时飞入他的房间，并栖息于他房门之上。

但为何选择午夜作为故事发生的时间？午夜意味着恐怖与神秘，各种幽灵与魔鬼总在此时出没。这种令人发怵的氛围，为乌鸦的出场奠定了基调。诗人将故事设置在一所幽僻而狭小的屋子里也是别有一番用心。首先，狭小而封闭的空间对构

建孤僻而隔世的哥特式恐怖气氛有着绝对的帮辅作用。第二，小屋正是两位情侣的爱巢，这个屋子依旧如此，然而曾经的欢笑却随着女主人的香消玉殒而一去不返。男子守着物是人非的屋子，睹物思人，是何等的悲伤。如此设置场景会在读者心中引起共鸣，使读者对男子的同情之心油然而生。

《乌鸦》,作为一首以抑扬格八音部构建下完成的叙事体诗歌,读起来朗朗上口,具有极强的音感。全诗在爱伦坡极具个性的语言风格营造中,描绘出一个非现实环境下的超自然氛围。它讲述的是一个关于男主人翁痛失所爱的故事。一个会说人类语言的乌鸦,来到一个刚刚失去心上致爱的男子身边。男子正竭尽全力使自己走出这情感的阴霾,但乌鸦的到来却更加加重了男子的无限伤感。任凭男子一再地反复询问,乌鸦的回复冷酷而让人绝望:永不复焉。

〈乌鸦〉于1845年1月29日进行首次印刷，由《纽约镜像晚报》发行。它的出版使得爱伦·坡终身受到欢迎，尽管这并没有为他带来巨大的财富。此诗不久后便再版、受谐仿及加上插图。尽管评论对其地位的见解并不一致，它仍是史上最著名的诗作之一。

Synopsis

Amused by the raven's comically serious disposition, the man demands that the bird tell him its name. The raven's only answer is "Nevermore".[7] The narrator is surprised that the raven can talk, though at this point it has said nothing further. The narrator remarks to himself that his "friend" the raven will soon fly out of his life, just as "other friends have flown before"[7] along with his previous hopes. As if answering, the raven responds again with "Nevermore".[7] The narrator reasons that the bird learned the word "Nevermore" from some "unhappy master" and that it is the only word it knows.[7]

Even so, the narrator pulls his chair directly in front of the raven, determined to learn more about it. He thinks for a moment, not saying anything, but his mind wanders back to his lost Lenore. He thinks the air grows denser and feels the presence of angels. Confused by the association of the angels with the bird, the narrator becomes angry, calling the raven a "thing of evil" and a "prophet". As he yells at the raven it only responds, "Nevermore".[8] Finally, he asks the raven whether he will be reunited with Lenore in Heaven. When the raven responds with its typical "Nevermore", he shrieks and commands the raven to return to the "Plutonian shore",[8] though it never moves. Presumably at the time of the poem's recitation by the narrator, the raven "still is sitting"[8] on the bust of Pallas. The narrator's final admission is that his soul is trapped beneath the raven's shadow and shall be lifted "Nevermore".[8] Analysis

The Raven中英文赏析

哥特式文学首先盛行于18，19世纪的西方世界，旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。许多学者认为，“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作，而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tz vetan 25-26)。但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中，在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”（刘守兰：55）。作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱，埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究，而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。 一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论 爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。追根究底，这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛，与中年的丧妻之痛。而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋，引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。众多作家在描写恐怖情节时，常对外部环境进行大力渲染，而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡，尤其是美丽尤物的死亡，将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题（Poe：133-140）”。他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则，并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格，本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。 二、意象塑造 1、人与物的塑造 《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象：年轻男子与乌鸦。悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子，他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛，但一切都是徒劳，他越看书，越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀；而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜，飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。此外，诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。其一为黑色，“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”（朱立元：489-490）。诗中所连续采用的黑色背景，可使读者感到压抑，从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。 诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。除该词的原意外，它还具有象征意义。在乌鸦出场时，悲伤的男子问它叫什么名字，乌鸦的回答就是“永远不再”，但当主人翁向乌鸦询问是否有良药以消除他心中对蕾诺的思念时，当他想知道是否能与蕾诺在遥远的天堂再次相会时，以及最后要求乌鸦离开小屋时，乌鸦都是通过“永远不再”作答，也正是这个词，使得男子陷入永恒的悲痛深渊。 2、场景设置 读者可在开篇看到一幅夜半三更的凄厉画卷： 阴森的气氛，令人毛骨悚然的场景，神秘而忧郁的男子,不祥的乌鸦……在阴郁而寒冷的午夜，除寒风的呼啸声与男子翻动书页的声音，周围的一切均可谓万籁俱寂，屋外的世界在夜的面纱笼罩之下，而屋内的狭小空间在昏暗的光线下显得忽明忽暗，突然一阵短暂的敲门声在他房门上叩响，但当他打开房门查看时，却不见敲门人，只有无情的黑夜与肆虐的狂风。然而，当他回到屋内，之前的敲门声却再次响起，乌鸦在这时飞入他的房间，并栖息于他房门之上。 但为何选择午夜作为故事发生的时间？午夜意味着恐怖与神秘，各种幽灵与魔鬼总在此时出没。这种令人发怵的氛围，为乌鸦的出场奠定了基调。诗人将故事设置在一所幽僻而狭小的屋子里也是别有一番用心。首先，狭小而封闭的空间对构建孤僻而隔世的哥特式恐怖气氛有着绝对的帮辅作用。第二，小屋正是两位情侣的爱巢，这个屋子依旧如此，然而曾经的欢笑却随着女主人的香消玉殒而一去不

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乌鸦 很久前一个阴郁的午夜，我感到疲惫而又慵懒 一边沉思着那些早已为世人遗忘的离奇书卷 一边又点头连连，睡意恹恹。忽有敲门声回响在耳畔 仿佛有人轻轻地、轻轻地叩响了我的门环 “这是某位来客”，我嘀咕着说，“在把房门叩击 ——仅此而已，别无它事！” 啊！我至今清晰犹记，那是一个凄楚的冬季 每一块儿将尽而未尽的木炭，依然在地板上幽灵般熰燃 我急切地守候着天亮，并且徒劳地希望 能够在书中聊且把悲伤埋葬，为那逝去的丽诺而哀伤 为那天使称其为丽诺的、明净而又唯一的姑娘， ——而今却永远，无以仿佛其形象。 每一个紫色的丝绸窗帘，都发出瑟瑟的低沉哀怨 让我心惊，让我感到前所未有的莫名惶恐 直到现在，我的心仍旧在不停悸动 “这是某位来客，恳请借宿休息 某位晚归的来客，恳请借宿于此 ——仅此而已，别无它事！” 我的心很快变得坚强，不再那么犹豫而又彷徨 “先生？或者是女士”，我说，“我真诚地向您表达歉意 当您前来敲门儿，正好我正在打盹儿 您轻轻地敲门，是如此之轻盈 以至于我不能肯定，我是否真的听清。”于是我把房门打开 ——但见漆黑一片，空无一物存在 我极目向黑暗中张望，长久地矗立着，恐惧而又迷茫 疑虑、冥思，冥思那些无人敢于冥思的问题 然而沉静依然如故，死寂一如其初 唯一听到的话语，是那低声的私语，“丽诺？” 我这么说着，并听到回声从耳旁掠过，“丽诺！” 仅此而已，别无它事。 转身走入房门，心中犹如火焚 更响的敲门声再次响起 “肯定是”，我说，“肯定是什么东西扰动了窗格子 让我去，让我去探清那里的秘密 让我的心稍事平息，好弄清楚这里的底细。” ——是风而已，别无它事。

当我伸手拉开百叶窗，却看到一只乌鸦振动着翅膀 一只远古传说中的庄严的乌鸦从天而降 没有半点的谦恭，没有半刻的暂停 俨然一位夫人或主人，蹲居于我的房门 恰恰蹲居在我的房门之上，栖息于那尊半身的雅典娜塑像 ——就这样蹲居，就这样栖息，仅此而已，别无它事。 我的迷思变成了微笑 皆因这黑鸟阴沉而又冷峻的容貌 “尽管你的鸟冠平坦如剪，你却一定不是懦夫”，我敢断言 “不是阴森可怖的古老乌鸦，飞离于冥夜的海岸 告诉我，在普鲁同的冥夜之岸，该如何把你高贵的名字呼唤！” 乌鸦答曰：“永不复焉。” 这只笨拙的禽鸟居然能够如此直接地听懂话语，这是我始料未及 尽管它的回答毫无意义，荒诞无稽 因为我们不得不承认，没有哪位世人 能有幸看到禽鸟栖息于房门 鸟或兽蹲居于房门之上，雕像之颠 名字唤作“永不复焉”。 但这乌鸦，寂寂蹲居于雕像之上，仅仅说出这一个词汇 如同他的整个灵魂都倾注到了这一词语之内 不闻更多话语，不睹再振羽翼 直到我情不自禁地呢喃：“朋友皆已弃我而去 他也终将飞离，在明天；如同希望曾逝去，在从前。” 乌鸦答曰：“永不复焉”。 如此迅捷的回答击碎了宁静，也让我大吃一惊 “毫无疑问”，我想，“这句话就是他心中储藏的所有内容 获自某一命运多舛的主人，残酷的灾难 纷纷芸芸、接踵而至，直到他的歌声只有一个旋律 直到他的希望之挽歌把此忧郁的主题承担 那就是“永不复焉”。 但这乌鸦依然诱我悲伤的心灵绽放出了微笑 我径直转动软垫座，正对这雕像、房门，和禽鸟 在天鹅绒垫椅中，我开始了思考 幻想接着迷思，思索这古昔不祥鸟叫声之意义 这古昔之冷峻、笨拙、可怖、憔悴的不祥鸟 “永不复焉”，嘶哑啼叫。

复活节中英版的祝福语

复活节中英版的祝福语 i beg you to put your heart in your arm as if stamped with the seal of your faithful love. easter is coming drowned in the thousands of colorful egg and the rabbit jump festival, i wish you a happy! 将你善良的心灵捧于双手，把诚挚的爱印上邮票。在复活节到来之际，让我 们尽情沉醉在这千万只美丽的彩蛋与兔子蹦跳的季节里，祝愿你幸福! i really pity god for giving me the peace and joy bears. aolian me when i mostly ill treatment? what is suffering? needless to say anything in the main before! i would like to honor the soul of the body was the main use of the rise of life! thanksgiving cheering for you! it is the great revival of the main capabilities, the things he has given us is not useless. god help us all from our point of the matter gained power! easter is not used before, when we repent letter owner, christ lives in our possession has been revived, therefore, said "i no longer alive. i was inside the main alive, "the mystery of how classic! god bless our dear sister pay, dictates you would like to have every christian life full of the holy spirit, the grace of christ mongolia everything! amen! today, we are winning the day, we go to forest park evangelical, he was the main attendants to attract many people. i beg you to put your heart in your arm as if stamped with the seal of your faithful love is better than no water to put out the dead people easter is coming-not drowned in the thousands of colorful egg and the rabbit jump festival, i wish you a happy! gordian, asked owners are the main answer! miscommunications time for the main, the main road! sad when close to the main, which was comforting! looking tired when owners are the main power! lack of taste when owners are the main suppliers. da - en thank my owner, a significant source of love mercy! love really strange way, to kneel down crime waves washing enough that the almighty god to suffer shame! table love the crucifixion, vox moved out love! since want to recognize the need to save him, the main goal of hope desire! meet with the owners of grace, salvation was first fully safe! 我真的很可惜上帝给我的和平和欢乐熊。 aolian 我何时大多虐待?什么是 痛苦?不用说什么的主要面前!我要荣誉的灵魂，身体是主要使用的崛起生活!感 恩节为你欢呼!这是伟大复兴的主要功能，他的事情给了我们是不是无用的。上
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1、（）是南宋中兴四将之首。 A、刘光世 B、张俊 C、韩世忠 D、岳飞 2、唐诗《春江花月夜》作者（）与贺知章、张旭、包融并称为“吴中四士”。 A、万齐融 B、贺朝 C、张若虚 D、邢巨 3、李清照是（）著名女词人。 A、唐代 B、宋代 C、元代 D、明代 4、《国殇》是屈原（）中的一首作品。 A、《九章》 B、《离骚》 C、《九歌》 D、《天问》 5、南宋词人辛弃疾是（）词作家。

A、豪放派 B、婉约派 C、花间派 6、中国清朝政府于1901年与列强签订了不平等条约（）。 A、《辛丑条约》 B、《南京条约》 C、《天津条约》 D、《马关条约》 7、屈原创立了（）这种文体。 A、乐府 B、散曲 C、汉赋 D、楚辞 8、唐代诗人白居易号（）。 A、放翁居士 B、青莲居士 C、香山居士 D、樊川居士 9、白居易的《长恨歌》叙述了（）的爱情悲剧。 A、纣王、妲己 B、唐玄宗、杨贵妃

C 、周幽王、褒姒 D 、司马相如、卓文君 1 、唐诗《春江花月夜》是一首（ ）。 A 、绝句 B 、律诗 C 、宫体诗 D 、五言 E 、七言 2、近代民主革命志士秋瑾曾经参加过（ ）。 A 、兴中会 B 、三合会 C 、同盟会 D 、光复会 3 、白居易曾把自己的诗歌分成（ ）四大类。 A 、闲适 B 、讽喻 C 、感伤 D 、雅风 E 、小令 F 、杂律

4、在宋代靖康之变中，两位宋代皇帝（ ）被金军掳走。 A 、宋哲宗 B 、宋徽宗 C 、宋钦宗 D 、宋高宗 1、宋代诗人陆游因主和战事而经常遭主战派弹劾以致长期闲赋在故乡。（ ） 对 错 2、屈原的《国殇》描绘了一次战役的经过以及表达了诗人对战士的赞叹。（ ） 对 错 3、陆游在《卜算子·咏梅》中以梅花自喻，抒发自己请缨无路、壮志难酬的苦闷和炽热的爱国情感。（ ） 对 错 4、豪放派代表女词人李清照号易安居士。（ ） 对 错 5、闻一多称赞唐诗《春江花月夜》是诗中的诗，顶峰上的顶峰。（ ） 对 错 6、苏轼因反对王安石而被贬职，《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》正是当他行至黄州时写下的。（ ） 对 错 7、白居易我国唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人。（ ） 对 错 你现时的得分是 30！ 你的成绩低于作业及格要求，请重做！

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