2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题解析

2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题解析（二）

三、英学业间断期

Talk to any parent of a student who took an adventurous gap year and a misty look will come into their eyes. There are some disasters and even the most motivated, organised gap student does require family back-up, financial, emotional and physical. The parental mistiness is not just about the brilliant experience that has matured their offspring; it is vicarious living. We all wish pre-university gap years had been the fashion in our day. We can see how much tougher our kids become; how much more prepared to benefit from university or to decide positively that they are going to do something other than a degree.

Gap years are fashionable, as is reflected in the huge growth in the number of charities and private companies offering them. Pictures of Prince William toiling in Chile have helped, but the trend has been gathering steam for a decade. The range of gap packages starts with backpacking, includes working with charities, building hospitals and schools and, very commonly, working as a language assistant, teaching English. With this trend, however, comes a danger. Once parents feel that a well-structured year is essential to their would-be undergraduate’s progress to a better university, a good degree, an impressive CV and well paid employment, as the gap companies’blurbs suggest it might be, then parents will start organising—and paying for—the gaps.

Where there are disasters, according to Richard Oliver, director of the gap companies’umbrella organisation, the Year Out Group, it is usually because of poor planning. That can be the fault of the company or of the student, he says, but the best insurance is thoughtful preparation. “When people get it wrong, it is usually medical or, especially among girls, it is that they have not been away from home before or because expectation does not match reality.”

The point of a gap year is that it should be the time when the school leaver gets to do the thing that he or she fancies. Kids don’t mature if mum and dad decide how they are going to mature. If the 18-year-old’s way of maturing is to slob out on Hampstead Heath soaking up sunshine or spending a year working with fishermen in Cornwall, then that’s what will be productive for that person. The consensus, however, is that some structure is an advantage and that the prime mover needs to be the student.

The 18-year-old who was dispatched by his parents at two weeks’notice to Canada to learn to be a snowboarding instructor at a cost of ￡5,800, probably came back with little more than a hangover. The 18-year-old on the same package who worked for his fare and spent the rest of his year instructing in resorts from New Zealand to Switzerland, and came back to apply for university, is the positive counterbalance.

1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that parents of gap students may_____.

[A] help children to be prepared for disasters [B] receive all kinds of support from their

children

[C] have rich experience in bringing up their offspring [D] experience watching children grow up

2. According to the text, which of the following is true?

[A] the popularity of gap years results from an increasing number of charities.

[B] Prince William was working hard during his gap year.

[C] gap years are not as fashionable as they were ten years ago.

[D] a well-structured gap year is a guarantee of university success.

3. The word “packages”means_____.

[A] parcels carried in travelling [B] a comprehensive set of activities

[C] something presented in a particular way [D] charity actions

4. What can cause the disasters of gap years?

[A] Intervention of parents. [B] Careful planning. [C] Good health. [D] Realistic expectation.

5. An 18-year-old is believed to take a meaningful gap year when he/she_____.

[A] lives up to his/her parents’expectations [B] spends time being lazy and doing nothing

[C] learns skills by spending parents’money [D] earns his or her living and gains working experience

答案：1.D 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.D

核心词汇和超纲词汇

a gap year学业间断的一年，间断年

vicarious间接感受到的，如He got a ~ thrill out of watching his son score the winning goal

package包，盒，袋;一套东西，一套建议，一揽子交易，如a benefits ~一套福利措施an aid ~综合援助计划

backpack背包旅行go ~ing

umbrella综合体，总体，整体，如an ~ group/fund综合团体/基金

fork out大量花钱，大把掏钱

slob懒惰而邋遢的人slob out/around游手好闲，无所事事

structure结构，构造;精心组织，周密安排，体系

dispatch派遣，调遣，派出;发出，发送

at short notice随时，没有提前很长时间通知，at two week’s notice提前两周通知

hangover遗留的感觉，如the insecure feeling that was a ~ from her childhood

counterbalance抗衡，抵消;对……起平衡作用;平衡抵消物，抗衡

全文翻译

与度过了新奇的学业间断年的孩子的父母交谈，他们的眼神中会有一种含糊不清的东西。这一年中有一些危机，即使是目的明确、很有条理的学生，在间断年期间也需要家庭从经济上、情感上和体力上给予帮助。父母眼中的含糊不仅仅是因为让他们的孩子成熟起来的美好经历，也是因为他们自己间接感受到的生活方式。我们都希望在我们那个时代大学前的间断年就已经很时兴了。我们能看着孩子们变得更坚强，更好地准备从上大学中有所收获或者积极地决定他们将做一些除了获得学历之外的事情。

学业间断年现在很时兴，这反映在提供它们的慈善团体和私人公司的数目呈巨额增长。威廉王子在智利吃苦的事情发挥了作用，但这种趋势十年来一直在加强。学业间断年期间的一整套活动从背包旅行开始，包括和慈善团体一起工作，修建医院和学校，以及常见的做语言助教、教英语。然而，随着这种趋势而来的也有危险。一旦父母相信那些学业间断年公司介绍的内容，认为精心安排的一个间断年对于想成为本科生的孩子进入更好的大学，获得高学历，得到令人印象深刻的简历和待遇良好的工作是至关重要的，那么他们就会开始组织并资助间断年期间的活动。

按照学业间断年公司综合机构“走出学业间断年团体”的负责人理查德·奥利弗埃的观点，出现问题往往是因为计划不周。他说，“这可能是公司或学生的责任，但是最保险的方法是作好审慎的准备。当人们把它搞砸时，往往是因为健康问题，尤其是女孩，因为她们从未离开过家，或者期望与现实不符”。

学业间断年的意义在于它应该是离校生开始做自己喜欢做的事情的时候。如果由父母来决定孩子怎样成熟，那么他们不会真地变成熟。如果18岁时变成熟的方式是在伦敦汉普斯泰德石南园中无所事事地晒太阳，或者花上一年时间和康沃尔郡的渔夫一起工作，那么对于另外一个人来说将是有所收获的。然而，多数人却认为进行某种安排是有利的，而且行动的安排者应是学生自己。

如果18岁的年轻人两周前得到父母的通知，被派去加拿大花5,800英镑学习成为一名滑雪教练，回来后可能只会留下很少的感觉。同样的18岁的年轻人，先通过工作赚钱，再用一年中剩下的时间在从新西兰到瑞士的多个避暑胜地执教，回来后申请大学，这样的经历则是完全不同的积极的做法。

四、生态环境恐怖主义

Islamic terrorism may be a distant threat for Shearer Lumber Products, a timber company based in Idaho. But eco-terrorism is a very real one. In November, the Earth Liberation Front , an underground organization, gave warning that it had“spiked”trees in the Nez Perce national forest to protest against logging. Spiking involves hiding metal bars in tree trunks, thereby potentially crippling chain saws and hurting people. More such attacks are expected. How do they fit into America’s war on terrorism?

The nation’s forests have seen a sharp increase in violent incidents—equipment vandalized, people intimidated—over the past ten years. Shearer now carefully inspects every tree before cutting and has been using metal detectors to check every trunk being processed. Yet Ihor Mereszczak, of the Nez Perce Forest Service, says it has been hard to get the FBI’s attention, and investigations have got nowhere.

The ELF is only one thread in a web of underground radical environmentalists. Its aim is to inflict as much financial pain as possible on organizations or people who, by its lights, are exploiting the environment. The ELF, though made up of anonymous cells, nonetheless operates a website offering tips on how to cause fires with electric timers. Until recently, it also had a public spokesman.

Together with the Animal Liberation Front , which operates along the same lines, the ELF is estimated to be responsible for over $45m-worth of damage in North America over the past few years. In 1998, it caused fires that did $12m-worth of damage in Vail, Colorado, to make the point that the ski resort’s expansion was threatening places where lynxes live. Earlier this year, the ELF burned down the offices of a lumber company in Oregon. Since September 11th, the ALF and ELF have claimed responsibility for starting a fire at a primate research center in New Mexico, releasing mink from an Iowa fur farm, and firebombing a federal corral for wild horses in California.

Are they terrorists? The two groups reject the label, claiming to take all precautions against harming “animals, whether humans or not”. But earlier this year Louis Freeh, the FBI’s boss, listed both organizations among the most active domestic terrorist groups. Scott McInnis, the Republican congressman whose district includes Vail, argues it is only a matter of time before somebody gets hurt, and he now expects the FBI to put in more resources.

The House subcommittee on forests, which Mr McInnis heads, will hold a hearing on eco-terrorism in February. But he has annoyed some mainstream green groups by asking them to denounce the ELF’s and ALF’s methods. Greenpeace, for instance, says that its disapproval is self-evident, and resents being asked to express it. Mr. McInnis still wants their answer by December 1st, but the war on eco-terrorism is off to a rocky start.

1. What did the ELF do to Shearer Lumber Products?

[A] Hurt its employees. [B] Crippled its equipments. [C] Hid metals in its trees. [D] Protested against its spiking.

2. We can infer from the passage that_____.

[A] Shearer has experienced many violent incidents [B] new tools have been used to investigate terrorists

[C] FBI has been active in the war on eco-terrorism [D] ELF openly declares its beliefs and ends

3. According to ELF, all of the following are environmentally harmful except_____.

[A] causing fire in the houses [B] expanding ski resort [C] doing research on animals [D] invading into animal habitats

4. It is true of radical environmentalists that they_____.

[A] aim at causing damage to companies [B] resort to violence to achieve their purpose

[C] will do no harm to real people [D] are divided on opinions about terrorism

5.The best title for the text may be_____ .

[A] The Green Threat [B] Protecting Forests [C] Earth’s Liberation [D] Terrorism Defeated

答案：1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A

核心词汇和超纲词汇

spike尖状物，尖头;鞋钉用尖物刺入

cripple使残废，使跛，使成瘸子;严重损坏;伤残人，残疾人，有缺陷的人

vandalize摧残，破坏，任意破坏

cell牢房;细胞;小隔室;电池;政治小组，基层组织，如a terrorist ~

along/on the lines按……方式

denounce公开指责，公然抨击，谴责

全文翻译

对于驻爱达荷的希勒木材产品公司来说，伊斯兰恐怖主义也许是遥远的威胁。但是生态恐怖主义是确实存在的威胁。十一月份的时候，地下组织“地球解放阵线”警告说他已在内兹佩尔塞国家森林的树木中“钉了钉子”以抗议伐木行为。“钉钉子”包括在树干中藏金属棒，从而破坏链锯并有可能伤到人。更多类似的攻击还会发生。它们怎样归入美国对抗恐怖主义的战斗中呢?

过去十年中，国家森林里的暴力事件急剧增多。如今希勒在砍树前仔细检查每一棵树，并一直使用金属探测器检查所有被加工的树干。然而，内兹佩尔塞国家森林服务中心的Ihor Mereszczak说，很难引起美国联邦调查局的注意，调查也毫无进展。

“地球解放阵线”只是地下激进环保主义组织中的一员。它的目的是让那些根据它的标准破坏了环境的个人或组织在经济上尽可能蒙受巨大的损失。该组织虽然由匿名的小组组成，却经营着一个网站就如何用电子计时器纵火给予提示。最近它还有了公共发言人。

“地球解放阵线”和按同一种方式运行的“动物解放阵线”一起，估计在过去几年中造成了多达四千五百万元的损失。比如,1998年“地球解放阵线”在科罗拉多州的唯尔因抗议滑雪胜地的扩建威胁了山猫的居所而放火;今年初它在俄勒冈州又烧毁了一家伐木公司的办公室;以及自九月十一日以来，它和同性质的“动物解放阵线”一起，声称对以下事件负责：新墨西哥州一家灵长类动物研究中心的纵火事件，爱荷华州一家毛皮生产农场的貂被放走事件，加利福尼亚州一个用来圈野马的畜栏遭到燃烧弹攻击事件。

他们是恐怖主义者吗?这两个团体拒绝被称作“恐怖分子”，而且宣称他们会采取一切措施来预防对动物的伤害。但是今年初，联邦调查局局长路易·弗里将两个组织列为国内最活跃的恐怖主义组织。共和党籍众议员麦克伊尼斯所在区包括唯尔，认为迟早会有人受到伤害，现在他期望联邦调查局局投入更多的资源。

麦克伊尼斯领导的“森林小组委员会”将在二月份召开生态恐怖主义的听证会。但是，他已经触怒了一些主流的绿色组织，因为他要求它们公开谴责“地球解放阵线”和“动物解放阵线”的做法。比如，“绿色和平”组织宣称它的反对是不言而明的，并对被要求表态表示气愤。麦克伊尼斯先生仍然要求他们在11月1日给出回答，关于生态恐怖主义的战斗有了一个开端。

2018考研英语一答案

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2015年考研英语二真题答案(完整版)

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