《道德经》中英对照(林语堂)
《道德经》中英对照（林语堂）
一章
道，可道，非恒道。名，可名，非恒名。无名，天地之始；有名，万物之母。故常无欲，以观其妙；常有欲，以观其徼。此两者同出而异名，同谓之玄。玄之又玄，众妙之门。
The Tao that can be told of
Is not the Absolute Tao;
The Names that can be given
Are not Absolute Names.
The Nameless is the origin of Heaven and Earth;
The Named is the Mother of All Things.
Therefore:
Oftentimes, one strips oneself of passion
In order to see the Secret of Life;
Oftentimes, one regards life with passion,
In order to see its manifest forms.
These two (the Secret and its manifestations)
Are (in their nature) the same;
They are given different names
When they become manifest.
They may both be called the Cosmic Mystery:
Reaching from the Mystery into the Deeper Mystery
Is the Gate to the Secret of All Life.
二章
天下皆知美之为美，斯恶已；皆知善之为善，斯不善矣。有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相盈，音声相和，前后相随，恒也。是以圣人处无为之事，行不言之教，万物作而弗始，生而弗有，为而弗恃，功成而弗居。夫唯弗居，是以不去。
When the people of the Earth all know beauty as beauty,
There arises (the recognition of) ugliness.
When the people of the Earth all know the good as good,
There arises (the recognition of) evil.
Therefore:
Being and non-being interdepend in growth;
Difficult and easy interdepend in completion;
Long and short interdepend in contrast;
High and low interdepend in position;
Tones and voice interdepend in harmony;
Front and behind interdepend in company.
Therefore the Sage:
Manages affairs without action;
Preaches the doctrine without words;
All things take their rise, but he does not turn away from them;
He gives them life, but does not take possession of them;
He acts, but does not appropriate;
Accomplishes, but claims no credit.
It is because he lays claim to no credit
That the credit cannot be taken away from him.
三章
不尚贤，使民不争；不贵难得之货，使民不为盗；不见可欲，使民心不乱。是以圣人之治，虚其心，实其腹；弱其志，强其骨。常使民无知无欲。使夫知不敢弗为而已，则无不治。
Exalt not the wise,
So that the people shall not scheme and contend;
Prize not rare objects,
So that the people shall not steal;
Shut out from site the things of desire,
So that the people's hearts shall not be disturbed.
Therefore in the government of the Sage:
He keeps empty their hearts
Makes full their bellies,
Discourages their ambitions,
Strengthens their frames;
So that the people may be innocent of knowledge and desires.
And the cunning ones shall not presume to interfere.
By action without deeds
May all live in peace.
四章
道冲，而用之或不盈。渊兮，似万物之宗。挫其锐，解其纷，和其光，同其尘。湛兮，似或存。吾不知谁之子，象帝之先。
Tao is a hollow vessel,
And its use is inexhaustible!
Fathomless!
Like the fountain head of all things,
Its sharp edges rounded off,
Its tangles untied,
Its light tempered,
Its turmoil submerged,
Yet dark like deep water it seems to remain.
I do not know whose Son it it,
An image of what existed before God.
五章
天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗。天地之间，其犹橐龠乎？虚而不屈，动而愈出。多闻数穷，不如守中。
Nature is unkind:
It treats the creation like sacrificial straw-dogs.
The Sage is unkind:
He treats the people like sacrificial straw-dogs.
How the universe is like a bellows!
Empty, yet it gives a supply that never fails;
The more it is worked, the more it brings forth.
By many words is wit exhausted.
Rather, therefore, hold to the core.
六章
谷神不死，是谓玄牝。玄牝之门，是谓天地根。绵绵若存，用之不勤。
The Spirit of the Valley never dies.
It is called the Mystic Female.
The Door of the Mystic Female
Is the root of Heaven and Earth.
Continuously, continuously,
It seems to remain.
Draw upon it
And it serves you with ease.
七章
天长地久。天地所以能长且久者，以其不自生，故能长生。是以圣人后其身而身先，外其身而身存。不以其无私邪？故能成其私。
The universe is everlasting.
The reason the universe is everlasting
Is that it does not life for Self.
Therefore it can long endure.
Therefore the Sage puts himself last,
And finds himself in the foremost place;
Regards his body as accidental,
And his body is thereby preserved.
Is it not because he does not live for Self
That his Self is realized?
八章
上善若水。水善利万物而不争，居众人之所恶，故几于道。居善地，心善渊，与善仁，言善信，政善治，事善能，动善时。夫唯不争，故无尤。
The best of men is like water;
Water benefits all things
And does not compete with them.
It dwells in (the lowly) places that all disdain -
Wherein it comes near to the Tao.
In his dwelling, (the Sage) loves the (lowly) earth;
In his heart, he loves what is profound;
In his relations with others, he loves kindness;
In his words, he loves sincerity;
In government, he loves peace;
In business affairs, he loves ability;
In hi actions, he loves choosing the right time.
It is because he does not contend
That he is without reproach.
九章
持而盈之，不如其已。揣而锐之，不可长保。金玉满堂，莫之能守。富贵而骄，自遗其咎。功遂身退，天下之道。
Stretch (a bow) to the very full,
And you will wish you had stopped in time.
Temper a (sword-edge) to its very sharpest,
And the edge will not last long.
When gold and jade fill your hall,
You will not be able to keep them safe.
To be proud with wealth and honor
Is to sow seeds of one's own downfall.
Retire when your work is done,
Such is Heaven's way.
十章
载营魄抱一，能无离乎？专气致柔，能如婴儿乎？修除玄览，能无疵乎？爱民治国，能无智乎？天门开阖，能为雌乎？明白四达，能无知乎？生之、畜之，生而不有，长而不宰。是为玄德。
In embracing the One with your soul,
Can you never forsake the Tao?
In controlling your vital force to achieve gentleness,
Can you become like the new-born child?
In cleansing and purifying your Mystic vision,
Can you strive after perfection?
In loving the people and governing the kingdom,
Can you rule without interference?
In opening and shutting the Gate of Heaven,
Can you play the part of the Female?
In comprehending all knowledge,
Can you renounce the mind? ??
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????Thirty spokes unite around the nave;
????From their not-being (loss of their individuality)
????Arises the utility of the wheel.
????Mold clay into a vessel;
????From its not-being (in the vessel's hollow)
????Arises the utility of the vessel.
????Cut out doors and windows in the house (-wall),
????From their not-being (empty space) arises the utility
????of the house.
????Therefore by the existence of things we profit.
????And by the non-existence of things we are served.
十二章
五色令人目盲；五音令人耳聋；五味令人口爽；驰骋畋猎，令人心发狂；难得之货，令人行妨。是以圣人为腹不为目，故去彼取此。
The five colors blind the eyes of man;
The five musical notes deafen the ears of man;
The five flavors dull the taste of man;
Horse-racing, hunting and chasing madden the minds of man;
Rare, valuable goods keep their owners awake at night.
Therefore the Sage:
Provides for the belly and not the eye.
Hence, he rejects the one and accepts the other.
十三章
宠辱若惊，贵大患若身。何谓宠辱若惊？宠为下，得之若惊，失之若惊，是谓宠辱若惊。何谓贵大患若身？吾所以有大患者，为吾有身，及吾无身，吾有何患？故贵以身为天下，若可寄天下；爱以身为天下，若可托天下。
"Favor and disgrace cause one dismay;
What we value and what we fear are within our Self."
What does this mean:
"Favor and disgrace cause one dismay?"
Those who receive a favor from above
Are dismayed when they receive it,
And dismayed when they lose it.
What does this mean:
"What we value and what we fear are within our Self?"
We have fears because we have a self.
When we do not regard that self as self,
What have we to fear?
Therefore he who values the world as his self
May then be entrusted with the government of the world;
And he who loves the world as his self -
The world may then be entrusted to his care.
十四章
视之不见，名曰微；听之不闻，名曰希；搏之不得，名曰夷。此三者，不可致诘，故混而为一。其上不皎，其下不昧，绳绳兮不可名，复归于物。是谓无状之状，无物之象，是谓惚恍。迎之不见其首，随之不见其后。执古之道，以御今之有。能知古始，是谓道纪。
Looked at, but cannot be seen -
That is called the Invisible (yi).
Listened to, but cannot be heard -
That is called the Inaudible (hsi).
Grasped at, but cannot be touched -
That is called the Intangible (wei).
These three elude our inquiries
And hence blend and become One.
Not by its rising, is there light,
Nor by its sinking, is there darkness.
Unceasing, continuous,
It cannot be defined,
And reverts again to the realm of nothingness.
That is why it is called the Form of the Formless,
The Image of Nothingness.
That is why it is called the Elusive:
Meet it and you do not see its face;
Follow it and you do not see its back.
十五章
古之善为道者，微妙玄通，深不可识。夫唯不可识，故强为之容：豫兮，若冬涉川；犹兮，若畏四邻；俨兮，其若客；涣兮，其若凌释；敦兮，其若朴；旷兮，其若谷；混兮，其若浊。孰能浊以止？静之徐清。孰能安以久？动之徐生。保此道者，不欲盈。夫唯不盈，故能蔽而新成。
The wise ones of old had subtle wisdom and depth of understanding,
So profound that they could not be understood.
And because they could not be understood,
Perforce must they be so described:
Cautious, like crossing a wintry stream,
Irresolute, like one fearing danger all around,
Grave, like one acting as guest,
Self-effacing, like ice beginning to melt,
Genuine, like a piece of undressed wood,
Open-minded, like a valley,
And mixing freely, like murky water.
Who can find repose in a muddy world?
By lying still, it becomes clear.
Who can maintain his calm for long?
By activity, it comes back to life.
He who embraces this Tao
Guards against being over-full.
Because he guards against being over-full,
He is beyond wearing out and renewal.
十六章
致虚极，守静笃。万物并作，吾以观复。夫物芸芸，各复归其根。归根曰静，静曰复命。复命曰常，知常曰明。不知常，妄作，凶。知常容，容乃公，公乃王，王乃天，天乃道，道乃久，殁身不殆。
Attain the utmost in Passivity,
Hold firm to the basis of Quietude.
The myriad things take shape and rise to activity,
But I watch them fall back to their repose.
Like vegetation that luxuriantly grows
But returns to the root (soil) from which it springs.
To return to the root is Repose;
It is called going back to one's Destiny.
Going back to one's Destiny is to find the Eternal Law.
To know the Eternal Law is Enlightenment.
And not to know the Eternal Law
Is to court disaster.
He who knows the Eternal Law is tolerant;
Being tolerant, he is impartial;
Being impartial, he is kingly;
Being kingly, he is in accord with Nature;
Being in accord with Nature, he is in accord with Tao;
Being in accord with Tao, he is eternal,
And his whole life is preserved from harm. ??
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????Of the best rulers
????The people (only) know that they exist;
????The next best the love and praise;
????The next they fear;
????And the next they revile.
????When they do not command the people's faith,
????Some will lose faith in them,
????And then they resort to oaths!
????But (of the best) when their task is accomplished,
????their work done,
????The people all remark, "We have done it ourselves."
十八章
大道废，有仁义；智慧出，有大伪；六亲不和，有孝慈；国家昏乱，有忠臣。
On the decline of the great Tao,
The doctrine of "humanity" and "justice" arose.
When knowledge and cleverness appeared,
Great hypocrisy followed in its wake.
When the six relationships no longer lived at peace,
There was (praise of) "kind parents" and "filial sons."
When a country fell into chaos and misrule,
There was (praise of) "loyal ministers."
十九章
绝圣弃智，民利百倍；绝仁弃义，民复孝慈；绝巧弃利，盗贼无有。此三者以为文，不足。故令有所属：见素抱朴，少思寡欲，绝学无忧。
Banish wisdom, discard knowledge,
And the people shall profit a hundredfold;
Banish "humanity," discard "justice,"
And the people shall recover love of their kin;
Banish cunning, discard "utility,"
And the thieves and brigands shall disappear.
As these three touch the externals and are inadequate,
The people have need of what they can depend upon:
Reveal thy simple self,
Embrace thy original nature,
Check thy selfishness,
Curtail thy desires.
二十章
唯之与阿，相去几何？美之与恶，相去若何？人之所畏，不可不畏。荒兮，其未央哉！众人熙熙，如享太牢，如春登台。我独泊兮，其未兆；沌沌兮，如婴儿之未孩；儡儡兮，若无所归。众人皆有馀，而我独若遗。我愚人之心也哉，沌沌兮！俗人昭昭，我独昏昏。俗人察察，我独闷闷。淡兮，其若海，望兮，若无止。众人皆有以，而我独顽似鄙。我独异于人，而贵食母。
Banish learning, and vexations end.
Between "Ah!" and "Ough!"
How much difference is there?
Between "good" and "evil"
How much difference is there?"
That which men fear
Is indeed to be feared;
But, alas, distant yet is the dawn (of awakening)!
The people of the world are merry-making,
As if partaking of the sacrificial feasts,
As if mounting the terrace in spring;
I alone am mild, like one unemployed,
Like a new-born babe that cannot yet smile,
Unattached, like one without a home.
The people of the world have enough and to spare,
But I am like one left out,
My heart must be that of a fool,
Being muddled, nebulous!
The vulgar are knowing, luminous;
I alone am dull, confused.
The vulgar are clever, self-assured;
I alone, depressed.
Patient as the sea,
Adrift, seemingly aimless.
The people of the world all have a purpose;
I alone appear stubborn and uncouth.
I alone differ from the other people,
And value drawing sustenance from the Mother.
二十一章
孔德之容，惟道是从。道之为物，惟恍惟惚。惚兮恍兮，其中有象；恍兮惚兮，其中有物；窈兮冥兮，其中有精；其精甚真，其中有信。自今及古，其名不去，以阅众甫。吾何以知众甫之状哉？以此。
The marks of great Character
Follow alone from the Tao.
The thing that is called Tao
Is elusive, evasive.
Evasive, elusive,
Yet latent in it are forms.
Elusive, evasive,
Yet latent in it are objects.
Dark and dim,
Yet latent in it is the life-force.
The life-force being very true,
Latent in it are evidences.
From the days of old till now
Its Named (manifested forms) have never ceased,
By which we may view the Father of All Things.
How do I know the shape of the Father of All Things?
Through these (manifested forms)!
二十二章
「曲则全，枉则直，洼则盈，敝则新，少则得，多则惑。」是以圣人抱一为天下式。不自见，故明；不自是，故彰；不自伐，故有功；不自矜，故长。夫唯不争，故天下莫能与之争。古之所谓「曲则全」者，岂虚言哉！诚全而归之。
To yield is to be preserved whole.
To be bent is to become straight.
To be hollow is to be filled.
To be tattered is to be renewed.
To be in want is to possess.
To have plenty is to be confused.
Therefore the Sage embraces the One,
And becomes the model of the world.
He does not reveal himself,
And is therefore luminous.
He does not justify himself,
And is therefore far-famed.
He does not boast of himself,
And therefore people give him credit.
He does not pride himself,
And is therefore the chief among men.
Is it not indeed true, as the ancients say,
"To yield is to be preserved whole?"
Thus he is preserved and the world does him homage.
二十三章
希言自然。故飘风不终朝，骤雨不终日。孰为此者？天地。天地尚不能久，而况于人乎？故从事于道者，同于道；德者，同于德；失者，同于失。同于道者，道亦乐得之；同于德者，德亦乐得之；同于失者，失亦乐得之。信不足焉，有不信焉。
Nature says few words:
Hence it is that a squall lasts not a whole morning.
A rainstorm continues not a whole day.
Where do they come from?
From Nature.
Even Nature does not last long (in its utterances),
How much less should human beings?
Therefore it is that:
He who follows the Tao is identified with the Tao.
He who follows Character (Teh) is identified with
Character.
He who abandons (Tao) is identified with abandonment (of
Tao).
He who is identified with Tao -
Tao is also glad to welcome him.
He who is identified with character -
Character is also glad to welcome him.
He who is identified with abandonment -
Abandonment is also glad t welcome him.
He who has not enough faith
Will not be able to command faith from others. ??
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????He who stands on tiptoe does not stand (firm);
????He who strains his strides does not walk (well);
????He who reveals himself is not luminous;
????He who justifies himself is not far-famed;
????He who boasts of himself is not given credit;
????He who prides himself is not chief among men.
????These in the eyes of Tao
????Are called "the dregs and tumors of Virtue,"
????Which are things of disgust.
????Therefore the man of Tao spurns them.
二十五章
有物混成，先天地生。寂兮寥兮，独立而不改，周行而不殆，可以为天地母。吾不知其名，字之曰道，强为之名曰大。大曰逝，逝曰远，远曰反。故道大，天大，地大，人亦大。域中有四大，而人居其一焉。人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。
Before the Heaven and Earth existed
There was something nebulous:
Silent, isolated,
Standing alone, changing not,
Eternally revolving without fail,
Worthy to be the Mother of All Things.
I do not know its name
And address it as Tao.
If forced to give it a name, I shall call it "Great."
Being great implies reaching out in space,
Reaching out in space implies far-reaching,
Far-reaching implies reversion to the original point.
Therefore:
Tao is Great,
The Heaven is great,
The Earth is great,
The King is also great.
There are the Great Four in the universe,
And the King is one of them.
Man models himself after the Earth;
The Earth models itself after Heaven;
The Heaven models itself after Tao;
Tao models itself after nature. ??
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????The Solid is the root of the light;
????The Quiescent is the master of the Hasty.
????Therefore the Sage travels all day
????Yet never leaves his provision-cart.
????In the midst of honor and glory,
????He lives leisurely, undisturbed.
????How can the ruler of a great country
????Make light of his body in the empire (by rushing about)?
????In light frivolity, the Center is lost;
????In hasty action, self-mastery is lost.
二十七章
善行，无辙迹；善言，无瑕谪；善数，不用筹策；善闭，无关楗而不可开；善结，无绳约而不可解。是以圣人常善救人，故无弃人；常善救物，故无弃物。是谓神明。故善人者，不善人之师；不善人者，善人之资。不贵其师，不爱其资，虽智大迷。是谓要妙。
A good runner leaves no track.
A good speech leaves no flaws for attack.
A good reckoner makes use of no counters.
A well-shut door makes use of no bolts,
And yet cannot be opened.
A well-tied knot makes use of no rope,
And yet cannot be untied.
Therefore the Sage is good at helping men;
For that reason there is no rejected (useless) person.
He is good at saving things;
For that reason there is nothing rejected.
- This is called stealing the Light.
Therefore the good man is the Teacher of the bad.
And the bad man is the lesson of the good.
He who neither values his teacher
Nor loves the lesson
Is one gone far astray,
Though he be learned.
- Such is the subtle secret.
二十八章
知其雄，守其雌，为天下溪。为天下溪，常德不离。常德不离，复归于婴儿。知其荣，守其辱，为天下谷。为天下谷，常德乃足。常德乃足，复归于朴。知其白，守其黑，为天下式。为天下式，常德不忒。常德不忒，复归于无极。朴散则为器，圣人用之，则为官长。故大制无割。
He who is aware of the Male
But keeps to the Female
Becomes the ravine of the world.
Being the ravine of the world,
He has the original character (teh) which is not
cut up.
And returns again to the (innocence of the) babe.
He who is conscious of the white (bright)
But keeps to the black (dark)
Becomes the model for the world.
Being the model for the world,
He has the eternal power which never errs,
And returns again to the Primordial Nothingness.
He who is familiar with honor and glory
But keeps to obscurity
Becomes the valley of the world.
Being the valley of the world,
He has an eternal power which always suffices,
And returns again to the natural integrity of uncarved wood.
Break up this uncarved wood
And it is shaped into vessel
In the hands of the Sage
They become the officials and magistrates.
Therefore the great ruler does not cut up.
二十九章
将欲取天下而为之，吾见其不得已。天下神器，不可为也。为者败之，执者失之。物，或行或随，或嘘或吹，或强或羸，或挫或隳。是以圣人去甚，去奢，去泰。
There are those who will conquer the world
And make of it (what they conceive or desire).
I see that they will not succeed.
(For) the world is God's own Vessel
It cannot be made (by human interference).
He who makes it spoils it.
He who holds it loses it.
For: Some things go forward,
Some things follow behind;
some blow hot,
And some blow cold;
Some are strong,
And some are weak;
Some may break,
And some may fall.
Hence the Sage eschews excess, eschews extravagance,
Eschews pride.
三十章
以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好还：师之所居，荆棘生焉。大军之后，必有凶年。善有果而已，不以取强。果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿骄，果而不得已，果而勿强。物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已。
He who by Tao purposes to help the ruler of men
Will oppose all conquest by force of arms.
For such things are wont to rebound.
Where armies are, thorns and brambles grow.
The raising of a great host
Is followed by a year of dearth.
Therefore a good general effects his purpose and stops.
He dares not rely upon the strength of arms;
Effects his purpose and does not glory in it;
Effects his purpose and does not boast of it;
Effects his purpose and does not take pride in it;
Effects his purpose as a regrettable necessity;
Effects his purpose but does not love violence.
(For) things age after reaching their prime.
That (violence) would be against the Tao.
And he who is against the Tao perishes young.
三十一章
夫兵者，不祥之器。物或恶之，故有道者不居。君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右，故兵者非君子之器。不祥之器，不得已而用之，恬淡为上。胜而不美，而美之者，是乐杀人。夫乐杀
人者，则不可得志于天下矣。吉事尚左，凶事尚右。偏将军居左，上将军居右，言以丧礼处之。杀人之众，以悲哀泣之，战胜以丧礼处之。
Of all things, soldiers are instruments of evil,
Hated by men.
Therefore the religious man (possessed of Tao) avoids them.
The gentleman favors the left in civilian life,
But on military occasions favors the right.
Soldiers are weapons of evil.
They are not the weapons of the gentleman.
When the use of soldiers cannot be helped,
The best policy is calm restraint.
Even in victory, there is no beauty,
And who calls it beautiful
Is one who delights in slaughter.
He who delights in slaughter
Will not succeed in his ambition to rule the world.
[The things of good omen favor the left.
The things of ill omen favor the right.
The lieutenant-general stands on the left,
The general stands on the right.
That is to say, it is celebrated as a Funeral Rite.]
The slaying of multitudes should be mourned with sorrow.
A victory should be celebrated with the Funeral Rite.
三十二章
道常无名。朴虽小，天下莫能臣。侯王若能守之，万物将自宾。天地相合，以降甘露，民莫之令而自均。始制有名，名亦既有，夫亦将知止。知止可以不殆。譬道之在天下，犹川谷之于江海。
Tao is absolute and has no name.
Though the uncarved wood is small,
It cannot be employed (used as vessel) by anyone.
If kings and barons can keep (this unspoiled nature),
The whole world shall yield them lordship of their own
accord.
The Heaven and Earth join,
And the sweet rain falls,
Beyond the command of men,
Yet evenly upon all.
Then human civilization arose and there were names.
Since there were names,
It were well one knew where to stop.
He who knows where to stop
May be exempt from danger.
Tao in the world
May be compared to rivers that run into the sea. ??
??
????
è?ê?è???
?????aè?????￡?×??a???÷￡?ê¤è???ó?á|￡?×?ê¤?????￡?a×??????￡??????ó????￡2?ê§???ù?????￡?à??2?í???êù?￡
????He who knows others is learned;
????He who knows himself is wide.
????He who conquers others has power of muscles;
????He who conquers himself is strong.
????He who is contented is rich.
????He who id determined has strength of will.
????He who does not lose his center endures.
????He who dies yet (his power) remains has long life.
三十四章
大道泛兮，其可左右。万物恃之而生而不辞，功成而不名有。衣养万物而不为主，可名于小；万物归焉而不为主，可名为大。以其终不自为大，故能成其大。
The Great Tao flows everywhere,
(Like a flood) it may go left or right.
The myriad things derive their life from it,
And it does not deny them.
When its work is accomplished,
It does not take possession.
It clothes and feeds the myriad things,
Yet does not claim them as its own.
Often (regarded) without mind or passion,
It may be considered small.
Being the home of all things, yet claiming not,
It may be considered great.
Because to the end it does not claim greatness,
Its greatness is achieved. ??
??
????
è?ê?????
?????′′ó?ó￡?ìì??íù?￡íù??2?o|￡?°2??ì??￡à?ó??ü￡?1??í?1?￡μà??3??ú￡?μ-o???????￡?êó??2?×???￡?ì???2?×???￡?ó???2?×??è?￡
????Hold the Great Symbol
????and all the world follows,
????Follows without meeting harm,
????(And lives in) health, peace, commonwealth.
????Offer good things to eat
????And the wayfarer stays.
????But Tao is mild to the taste.
????Looked at, it cannot be seen;
????Listened to, it cannot be heard;
????Applied, its supply never fails.
三十六章
将欲歙之，必故张之；将欲弱之，必故强之；将欲废之，必故兴之；将欲取之，必故与之。是谓微明。柔弱胜刚强。鱼不可脱于渊，国之利器不可以示人。
He who is to be made to dwindle (in power)
Must first be caused to expand.
He who is to be weakened
Must first be made strong.
He who is to be laid low
Must first be exalted to power.
He who is to be taken away from
Must first be given,
- This is the Subtle Light.
Gentleness overcomes strength:
Fish should be left in the deep pool,
And sharp weapons of the state should be left
Where none can see them.
三十七章
道恒无名，侯王若能守之，万物将自化。化而欲作，吾将镇之以无名之朴。无名之朴，夫亦将不欲。不欲以静，天地将自正。
The Tao never does,
Yet through it everything is done.
If princes and dukes can keep the Tao,
the world will of its own accord be reformed.
When reformed and rising to action,
Let it be restrained by the Nameless pristine simplicity.
The Nameless pristine simplicity
Is stripped of desire (for contention).
By stripping of desire quiescence is achieved,
And the world arrives at peace of its own accord.
三十八章
上德不德，是以有德；下德不失德，是以无德。上德无为而无以为；下德无为而有以为。上仁为之而无以为；上义为之而有以为。上礼为之而莫之应，则攘臂而扔之。故失道而后德，失德而后仁，失仁而后义，失义而后礼。夫礼者，忠信之薄，而乱之首。前识者，道之华，而愚之始。是以大丈夫居其厚，不居其薄；居其实，不居其华。故去彼取此。
The man of superior character is not (conscious of his) character.
Hence he has character.
The man of inferior character (is intent on) not losing character.
Hence he is devoid of character.
The man of superior character never acts,
Nor ever (does so) with an ulterior motive.
The man of inferior character acts,
And (does so) with an ulterior motive.
The man of superior kindness acts,
But (does so) without an ulterior motive.
The man of superior justice acts,
And (does so) with an ulterior motive.
(But when) the man of superior li acts and finds no response,
He rolls up his sleeves to force it on others.
Therefore:
After Tao is lost, then (arises the doctrine of) humanity.
After humanity is lost, then (arises the doctrine of) justice.
After justice is lost, then (arises the doctrine of) li.
Now li is the thinning out of loyalty and honesty of heart.
And the beginning of chaos.
The prophets are the flowering of Tao
And the origin of folly.
Therefore the noble man dwells in the heavy (base),
And not in the thinning (end).
He dwells in the fruit,
And not in the flowering (expression).
Therefore he rejects the one and accepts the other.
三十九章
昔之得一者：天得一以清；地得一以宁；神得一以灵；谷得一以盈；侯得一以为天下正。其致之。天无以清，将恐裂；地无以宁，将恐废；神无以灵，将恐歇；谷无以盈，将恐竭；侯王无以贵高，将恐蹶。故贵以贱为本，高以下为基。是以侯王自谓「孤」、「寡」、「不谷」。此非以贱为本耶？非乎？故致数誉无誉。是故不欲禄禄如玉。珞珞如石。
There were those in ancient times possessed of the One;
Through possession of the One, the Heaven was clarified,
Through possession of the One, The Earth was stabilized,
Through possession of the One, the gods were spiritualized,
Through possession of the One, the valleys were made full,
Through possession of the One, all things lived and grew,
Through possession of the One, the princes and dukes
became the ennobled of the people.
- that was how each became so.
Without clarity, the Heavens would shake,
Without stability, the Earth would quake,
Without spiritual power, the gods would crumble,
Without being filled, the valleys would crack,
Without the life-giving power, all things would perish,
Without the ennobling power, the princes and dukes would stumble.
therefore the nobility depend upon the common man for support,
And the exalted ones depend upon the lowly for their base.
That is why the princes and dukes call themselves
"the orphaned," "the lonely one," "the unworthy."
Is is not true then that they depend upon the common man for support?
Truly, take down the parts of a chariot,
And there is no chariot (left).
Rather than jingle like the jade,
Rumble like the rocks.
四十章
反者道之动；弱者道之用。天下万物生于有，有生于无。
Reversion is the action of Tao.
Gentleness is the function of Tao.
The things of this world come from Being,
And Being (comes) from Non-being.
四十一章
上士闻道，勤而行之；中士闻道，若存若亡；下士闻道，大笑之。不笑不足以为道。故建言有之：「明道若昧，进道若退，夷道若类，上德若谷，大白若辱，广德若不足，建德若偷；质真若渝，大方无隅，大器晚成，大音希声；大象无形。」道隐无名，夫唯道，善始且善成。
When the highest type of men hear the Tao (truth),
they try hard to live in accordance with it.
When the mediocre type hear the Tao,
they seem to be aware and yet unaware of it.
When the lowest type hear the Tao,
They break into loud laughter -
If it were not laughed at, it would not be Tao.
Therefore there is the established saying:
"Who understands Tao seems dull of comprehension;
Who is advance in Tao seems to slip backwards;
Who moves on the even Tao (Path) seems to go up and down."
Superior character appears like a hollow (valley);
Sheer white appears like tarnished;
Great character appears like infirm;
Pure worth appears like contaminated.
Great space has no corners;
Great talent takes long to mature;
Great music is faintly heard;
Great form has no contour;
And Tao is hidden without a name.
It is this Tao that is adept at lending (its power)
and bringing fulfillment.
四十二章
道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。万物负阴而抱阳，冲气以为和。人之所恶，唯「孤」、「寡」、「不谷」。而王公以为称。故，物或损之而益，或益之而损。人之所教，我亦教之：「强梁者不得其死」，吾将以为教父。
Out of Tao, One is born;
Out of One, Two;
Out of Two, Three;
Out of Three, the created universe.
The created universe carries the yin at its back
and the yang in front;
Through the union of the pervading principles it
reaches harmony.
To be "orphaned," "lonely" and "unworthy" is what men hate most.
Yet the princes and dukes call themselves by such names.
For sometimes things are benefited by being taken away from,
And suffer by being added to.
Others have taught this maxim,
Which I shall teach also:
"The violent man shall die a violent death."
This I shall regard as my spiritual teacher. ??
??
????
??ê?è???
????ìì?????áèá￡?3?3òìì?????á?á?￡??ó?è??????￡?áê?ò??a???a??ó?ò??￡2??????ì￡????a??ò?￡?ìì???￡?°???￡
????The softest substance of the world
????Goes through the hardest.
????That-which-is-without-form penetrates that-which-has-no-crevice;
????Through this I know the benefit of taking no action.
????The teaching without words
????And the benefit of taking no action
????Are without compare in the universe.
四十四章
名与身孰亲？身与货孰多？得与亡孰病？是故，甚爱必大费，多藏必厚亡。知足不辱，知止不殆，可以长久。
Fame or one's own self, which does one love more?
One's own self or material goods, which has more worth?
Loss (of self) or possession (of goods), which is the greater evil?
Therefore: he who loves most spends most,
He who hoards much loses much.
The contented man meets no disgrace;
Who know when to stop runs into no danger -
He can long endure.
四十五章
大成若缺，其用不弊。大盈若冲，其用不穷。大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辩若讷。躁胜寒，静胜热，清静为天下正。
The highest perfection is like imperfection,
And its use is never impaired.
The greatest abundance seems meager,
And its use will never fail.
What s most straight appears devious,
The greatest skill appears clumsiness;
The greatest eloquence seems like stuttering.
Movement overcomes cold,
(But) keeping still overcomes heat.
Who is calm and quiet becomes the guide for the universe.
四十六章
天下有道，却走马以粪。天下无道，戎马生于郊。祸莫大于不知足；咎莫大于欲得。故，知足之足，常足矣。
When the world lives in accord with Tao,
Racing horses are turned back to haul refuse carts.
When the world lives not in accord with Tao,
Cavalry abounds in the countryside.
There is no greater curse than the lack of contentment.
No greater sin than the desire for possession.
Therefore he who is contented with contentment
shall be always content.
四十七章
不出户，知天下；不窥牖，见天道。其出弥远，其知弥少。是以圣人不行而知，不见而明，不为而成。
Without stepping outside one's doors,
One can know what is happening in the world,
Without looking out of one's windows,
One can see the Tao of heaven.
The farther one pursues knowledge,
The less one knows.
Therefore the Sage knows without running about,
Understands without seeing,
Accomplishes without doing. ??
??
????
??ê?°???
?????a?§è?ò?￡??aμàè????￡????ó???￡?ò??áóú???a?￡???a????2??a?￡è?ìì??3￡ò???ê??￡?°??ó?ê?￡?2?×?ò?è?ìì???￡
????The student of knowledge (aims at) learning day by day;
????The student of Tao (aims at) losing day by day.
????By continual losing
????One reaches doing nothing (laissez-faire).
????He who conquers the world often does so by doing nothing.
????When one is compelled to do something,
????The world is already beyond his conquering.
四十九章
圣人常无心，以百姓心为心。善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，得善。信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，得信。圣人在天下，歙歙焉，为天下浑其心，圣人皆孩之。
The Sage has no decided opinions and feelings,
But regards the people's opinions and feelings as his own.
《道德经》读书笔记五篇
《道德经》读书笔记五篇 《道德经》不愧是我们中华文明的瑰宝，其中道理还得我们亲自阅读才能理会，《道德经》是一部值得永远学习，永远研究的经典之作。下面是的小编为你们整理的*，希望你们能够喜欢《道德经》读书笔记 第一章 [原文] 道可道也①，非恒道也②。名可名也③，非恒名也。无名④，万物之始也;有名⑤，万物之母也⑥。故恒无欲也⑦，以观其眇⑧;恒有欲也，以观其所徼⑨。两者同出，异名同谓⑩。玄之又玄⑾，众眇之门⑿。 [译文] “道”如果可以用言语来表述，那它就是常“道”(“道”是可以用言语来表述的，它并非一般的“道”);“名”如果可以用文辞去命名，那它就是常“名”(“名”也是可以说明的，它并非普通的“名”)。“无”可以用来表述天地浑沌未开之际的状况;而“有”，则是宇宙万物产生之本原的命名。因此，要常从“无”中去观察领悟“道”的奥妙;
要常从“有”中去观察体会“道”的端倪。无与有这两者，****相同而名称相异，都可以称之为玄妙、深远。它不是一般的玄妙、深奥，而是玄妙又玄妙、深远又深远，是宇宙天地万物之奥妙的总门(从“有名”的奥妙到达无形的奥妙，“道”是洞悉一切奥妙变化的门径)。 [注释] ①第一个“道”是名词，指的是宇宙的本原和实质，引申为原理、原则、真理、规律等。第二个“道”是动词。指解说、表述的意思，犹言“说得出”。 ②恒：一般的，普通的。 ③第一个“名”是名词，指“道”的形态。第二个“名”是动词，说明的意思。④无名：指无形。 ⑤有名：指有形。 ⑥母：母体，根源。 ⑦恒：经常。 ⑧眇(miao)：通妙，微妙的意思。 ⑨徼(jiao)：边际、边界。引申端倪的意思。 ⑩谓：称谓。此为“指称”。
《道德经》注音版第六章原文及译文
《道德经》注音版第六章原文及译文 【原文】 谷神不死，是谓玄牝，玄牝之门，是谓天地根。绵绵若存，用之不勤。 【注音版】 谷(gǔ)神(shén)不(bù)死(sǐ),是(shì)谓(wèi)玄(xuán)牝(pìn), 玄(xuán)牝(pìn)之(zhī)门(mén),是(shì)谓(wèi)天(tiān)地(dì)根(gēn). 绵(mián)绵(mián)若(ruò)存(cún),用(yòng)之(zhī)不(bù)勤(qín). 【译文】 “谷神不死，是谓玄牝。（pìn）”
世间万物生机，生生不息，就好像一个神奇的母亲的存在一样，我们管他叫做“玄牝”，“玄牝”就是“道” “玄牝之门，是谓天地根。绵绵若存，用之不勤。” “道”就是天地万物生生不息的根源。冥冥之中它好像是客观存在的，“道”是永不枯竭的。 扩展阅读：《道德经》经典名言 1、道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。 【出处】《道德经》第一章。 【解释】天地万物之道是可以认知的，但道在不断地发生变化。名也是可以名状的，但名也在不断地发生变化。 2、天下皆知美之为美，斯恶已；皆知善之为善，斯不善矣。 【出处】《道德经》第二章。 【解释】天下人都知道美是美，是因为有丑的存在；天下人都知道善是善，是因为有恶的存在。
3、有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相盈，音声相和，前后相随。 【出处】《道德经》第二章 【解释】有与无相互滋生，难与易相辅相成，长与短相比较而显现，高与下相互依存，声音音律的相互应和而成曲调，前与后相互联接而成顺序。 4、天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗。 【出处】《道德经》第五章。 【解释】天地无所谓仁慈不仁慈，它对待万物就像对待草狗（古代用草扎成的祭品）一样平等；圣人也无所谓仁慈不仁慈，他对待百姓也像对待草狗（古代用草扎成的祭品）一样，任凭百姓自生自灭。 5、多闻数穷，不若守于中。 【出处】《道德经》第五章。 【解释】有的版本为“多言数穷”。意思是：多说无益，言多必失，还不如保持静默。
老子道德经》全文带拼音
《老子》第一章 第二章 yǒu 有wú 无 x iānɡ 相 s hēnɡ 生， nán 难 yì 易 x iānɡ 相 c hénɡ 成， c hánɡ 长 d uǎn 短 x iānɡ 相 xínɡ 形， ɡāo 高 xià 下 xiānɡ 相 yínɡ盈，yīn 音 s hēnɡ 声 x iānɡ 相 hé 和， q ián 前 hòu 后 x iānɡ 相 s uí 随。 hénɡ 恒 yě 也 。 shì是yǐ 以 shènɡ 圣 rén 人 c hù 处 wú 无 wéi 为 z hī 之 s hì 事， xínɡ 行 bù 不 yán 言 z hī 之 j iào 教； wàn 万 wù物zuò 作 ér 而 fú 弗 s hǐ 始， s hēnɡ 生 ér 而 fú 弗 yǒu 有， wéi 为 ér 而 fú 弗 s hì 恃 ， ɡōnɡ 功 chénɡ 成 ér 而bù 不 jū 居。 fū 夫 wéi 唯 fú 弗 jū 居， s hì 是 yǐ 以 bù 不 qù 去。 第三章 bù不shànɡ 尚 xián 贤， s hǐ 使 mín 民 bú 不 z hēnɡ 争； bù 不 ɡuì 贵 nán 难 dé 得 z hī 之 h uò 货， s hǐ 使 mín 民bù 不 wéi 为 dào 盗； bú 不 j iàn 见 kě 可 yù 欲， s hǐ 使 mín 民 xīn 心 bù 不 l uàn 乱 。 第四章 dào 道chōnɡ 冲， ér 而 yònɡ 用 z hī 之 h uò 或 bù 不 yínɡ 盈。 y uān 渊 xī 兮， sì 似 wàn 万 wù 物 z hī 之 zōnɡ宗；zhàn 湛 xī 兮， sì 似 h uò 或 cún 存。 wú 吾 bù 不 z hī 知 s huí 谁 z hī 之 zǐ 子 ， x iànɡ 象 dì 帝 zhī之xiān 先。 第五章 tiān 天dì 地 bù 不 rén 仁， yǐ 以 wàn 万 wù 物 wéi 为 c hú 刍 ɡǒu 狗； s hènɡ 圣 rén 人 bù 不 rén 仁 ， yǐ 以 bǎi 百xìnɡ 姓 wéi 为 c hú 刍 ɡǒu 狗。 第六章 第七章 第八章 第九章 第十章 第十一章 第十二章 第十三章 第十四章 《老子》第十五章《老子》第十六章第十七章 第十八章
《道德经》中蕴含的心理健康思想
《道德经》中蕴含的心理健康思想 摘要：《道德经》一书汇聚着老子的主要思想，书中倡导的“清静无为”、“谦下 守柔”、“致虚守静”等思想，几千年来一直影响着人们的思想和行为，它不仅为人 们提供了一种的处世哲学，更体现了关注人们心理健康的意识和倾向，也能从心 理学的角度为人们提供心理疏导的方法和启示。 关键词：《道德经》；老子；心理健康；“道”；清静无为 正文： 《道德经》一书汇聚着老子的主要思想，书中倡导的“清静无为”、“谦下守柔”、“致虚守静”等思想，几千年来一直影响着人们的思想和行为，它不仅为人们 提供了一种的处世哲学，更能够从心理学的角度为人们提供心理疏导的方法。 一、《道德经》中蕴含的心理健康思想 一提到心理治疗，人们首先想到的就是来自西方的心理治疗技术，如人本主 义心理疗法、认知主义心理疗法以及行为主义心理疗法等等，甚至连心理学也是 一个外来词汇。在心理层面，人们多汲取西方文化的养料，对于中国本土传统文 化关注的少之又少。然而其实早在《道德经》中，已经体现出老子对于心理问题 的关注和重视。如《道德经》第十二章说：“五色令人目盲，五音令人耳聋，五味令人口爽，驰骋田猎，令人心发狂，难得之货令人行妨。是以圣人为腹不为目， 故去彼取此。”[1]其中，“驰骋田猎，令人心发狂”意思是纵情狩猎，使人心情放荡发狂。第五十九章中说：“治人事天，莫若啬。”[1]即治理百姓和养护身心，没有 比爱惜精神更为重要的了。这说明在中国古代传统思想《老子》中，已经注意到 人的心理问题，并给予了一定的论说，体现了老子思想对于人们心理问题的重视。 不仅如此，《道德经》中还提出了心理健康的标准。在《道德经》中，不止 一次地提到过“婴儿”、“婴孩”的理想纯真状态。如第十章中：“专气致柔，能婴儿？”[1]第二十八章中：“为天下溪，常德不离，复归于婴儿。”第四十九章中：“圣人在天下，歙歙焉为天下浑其心，百姓皆注其耳目，圣人皆孩之。”[1]这里的“婴”、“孩”都体现着道家对于质朴纯真的心灵世界的肯定和追求，这无疑也看作 是道家心理健康的标准。 二、《道德经》中保持心理健康的方法 《道德经》不仅仅是关注到了人的心理问题，而且还提出了一系列保持身心 健康的方法。林语堂先生曾说：“道家学说给中国人心灵一条安全的退路”，“是用 来慰藉中国人受伤心灵的止痛药膏”。《道德经》中突出体现了老子的朴素辩证法思想，它通过辨证地论说，为我们展现了一个清静无为的纯净的精神家园，倡导 的是一种淡泊名利、少私寡欲、顺其自然的身心修养方式。 1.明“道”——顺应客观规律 “道”是道家思想的核心，它有两层含义，一是指宇宙；二是指物质世界或现 实事物运动变化的普遍规律。在老子的思想中，“道”的普遍规律自古以来就支配 着现实世界的具体事物，要认识和把握现实存在的个别事物，就必须把握“道”的 运动规律，认识“道”的普遍原理。理想中的“圣人”能够掌握规律，驾驭现实存在，是因为他悟出了“道”。而万事万物想要长久，也是因为顺应了“道”。如第七章：“天长，地久。天地之所以能长且久者，以其不自生也，故能长生。是以圣人后其身而身先，外其身而身存，非以其无私邪？故能成其私。”第十四章说到：“执古 之道，以御今之有。能知古始，是谓道纪。”[1]第十六章中的“夫物芸芸，各复归 其根。归根曰静，静曰复命。复命曰常，知常曰明。不知常，妄作凶。知常容，
道德经全文及注释
道德经及全文注释 第一章 道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼。此两者，同出而异名，同谓之玄。玄之又玄，众妙之门。 译文： 道"如果可以用言语来表述，那它就是常"道"("道"是可以用言语来表述的，它并非一般的"道")；"名"如果可以用文辞去命名，那它就是常"名"("名"也是可以说明的，它并非普通的"名")。"无"可以用来表述天地浑沌未开之际的状况；而"有"，则是宇宙万物产生之本原的命名。因此，要常从"无"中去观察领悟"道"的奥妙；要常从"有"中去观察体会"道"的端倪。无与有这两者，来源相同而名称相异，都可以称之为玄妙、深远。它不是一般的玄妙、深奥，而是玄妙又玄妙、深远又深远，是宇宙天地万物之奥妙的总门(从"有名"的奥妙到达无形的奥妙，"道"是洞悉一切奥妙变化的门径)。
第二章 天下皆知美之为美，斯恶已。皆知善之为善，斯不善已。 有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相盈，音声相和，前后相随。恒也。 是以圣人处无为之事，行不言之教；万物作而弗始，生而弗有，为而弗恃，功成而不居。夫唯弗居，是以不去。 译文： 天下人都知道美之所以为美，那是由于有丑陋的存在。都知道善之所以为善，那是因为有恶的存在。所以有和无互相转化，难和易互相形成，长和短互相显现，高和下互相充实，音与声互相谐和，前和后互相接随--这是永恒的。因此圣人 用无为的观点对待世事，用不言的方式施行教化：听任万物自然兴起而不为其创始，有所施为，但不加自己的倾向，功成业就而不自居。正由于不居功，就无所谓失去。 第三章 不尚贤，使民不争；不贵难得之货，使民不为盗；不见可欲，使民心不乱。 是以圣人之治，虚其心，实其腹，弱其志，强其骨。常使民无知无欲。使夫智者不敢为也。为无为，则无不治。 译文： 不推崇有才德的人，导使老百姓不互相争夺；不珍爱难得的财物，导使老百姓不去偷窃；不显耀足以引起贪心的事物，导使民心不被迷乱。因此，圣人的治理原则是：排空百姓的心机，填饱百姓的肚腹，减弱百姓的竞争意图，增强百姓的筋骨体魄，经常使老百姓没有智巧，没有欲望。致使那些有才智的人也不敢妄 为造事。圣人按照"无为"的原则去做，办事顺应自然，那么，天才就不会不太平了。 第四章 道冲，而用之或不盈。渊兮，似万物之宗；湛兮，似或存。吾不知谁之子，象帝之先。 译文： 大"道"空虚开形，但它的作用又是无穷无尽。深远啊！它好象万物的祖宗。 消磨它的锋锐，消除它的纷扰，调和它的光辉，混同于尘垢。隐没不见啊，又好象实际存在。我不知道它是谁的后代，似乎是天帝的祖先。 第五章 天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗。 天地之间，其犹橐龠乎？虚而不屈，动而愈出。多言数穷，不如守中。 译文：
《道德经》注音版第七十八章原文及译文
《道德经》注音版第七十八章原文及译文【原文】 天下莫柔弱于水，而攻坚强者莫之能胜，以其无以易之。弱之胜强，柔之胜刚，天下莫不知，莫能行。是以圣人云：受国之垢，是谓社稷主；受国不祥，是为天下王。正言若反。 【注音版】 天(tiān)下(xià)莫(mò)柔(róu)弱(ruò)于(yú)水(shuǐ)， 而(ér)攻(gōng)坚(jiān)强(qiáng)者(zhě) 莫(mò)之(zhī)能(néng)胜(shèng)， 以(yǐ)其(qí)无(wú)以(yǐ)易(yì)之(zhī)。 弱(ruò)之(zhī)胜(shèng)强(qiáng)， 柔(róu)之(zhī)胜(shèng)刚(gāng)，
天(tiān)下(xià)莫(mò)不(bù)知(zhī)，莫(mò)能(néng)行(xíng)。 是(shì)以(yǐ)圣(shèng)人(rén)云(yún)： 受(shòu)国(guó)之(zhī)垢(gòu)， 是(shì)谓(wèi)社(shè)稷(jì)主(zhǔ)； 受(shòu)国(guó)不(bù)祥(xiáng)， 是(shì)为(wéi)天(tiān)下(xià)王(wáng)。 正(zhèng)言(yán)若(ruò)反(fǎn)。 【译文】 “天下莫柔弱于水，而攻坚强者莫之能胜，以其无以易之。” 世界上水是最柔弱的，但是它无坚不摧，没有什么能够胜过它，替代它。 “弱之胜强，柔之胜刚，天下莫不知，莫能行。”
弱能胜强，柔能胜刚，天下没有不知道的，但很少有认真做做到。 “是以圣人云：受国之垢，是谓社稷主；受国不祥，是为天下王。正言若反。” 因此圣人说：能够承担起全国屈辱的，才能称为一国之主。能够担当国家灾难的，才算是一国。真理听起来都不是很顺耳。 扩展阅读：《道德经》名言 1、天长地久。天地之所以能长且久者，以其不自生也，故能长生。是以圣人后其身而身先，外其身而身存，非以其无私邪？故能成其私。 【出处】《道德经》第七章。 【解释】天长地久，天地所以能长久存在，是因为它们不为了自己的生存而自然地运行着，所以能够长久生存。 2、上善若水。水善利万物而不争，处众人之所恶，故几于道。 【出处】《道德经》第八章。
老子《道德经》读后感1500字
老子《道德经》读后感1500字 林语堂曾说：“我觉得任何一个翻阅《道德经》的人最初一定会大笑，然后笑他自己竟然会这样笑，最后会觉得现在很需要这种学说。至少，这会是大多数人初读老子的反应，我自己就是如此。”我想这也是每一个人读《道德经》的感受了吧。其实每个民族都会有智者，会站在人群前面，站在天地之间把他所能看到的世界告诉给他的每一个人。告诉后人，这个世界是什么样的，我们要怎么样才能活得更好，更长久，如何才能不被别人，被自己灭亡。而老子便是这样子的一位智者。老子将一切归咎于“道”，他认为道是宇宙的本体，世间万物都是由道衍生而成的，故有：“道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。”“有物混成，先天地生，寂兮寥兮，独立不改，周行不殆，可以为天下母。吾不知其名，字之曰‘道’”。于是我们后人再次基础上理解的“道”便是——道是混沌是无极，由此生出鸿蒙之气，内含阴阳，再生而为天地人三才，进而构成世间万物。但是老子又说了“道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名。”意思就是说道是不能用语言所说出来的。“人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。”这就是天道关系。“道”生万物，但是“道”亦为虚幻。在恍惚虚幻中，它含万物之影象；有含形色之实体；其实老子的“道”，就是事物发展变化的客观规律。它
先于天地而生，周而复始。今天，科学技术如此发达，科学家们也证实了自然界的发展是有规律的，它存在于互不相同的形形色色的事物之中。此是此，彼是彼，任何事物都按其固有的轨迹运行。人们能够用一定的方法去认识它、体验它、并按照客观规律改造它。由此观之，老子在《道德经》中就已经揭示了宇宙的起初和自然的本源，这比之西方近现代的理论学说早了两千多年。老子的“道”，寓意精深，无法企及。使得我们只能用仰望的目光触及他深刻的思想。而老子所提倡的“徳”也被为后世奉行为处世哲学。“道”是事物固有的规律，是神秘难测而又隐蔽在事物内部的东西，是不可理喻的东西，是不可及的。而“德”则是“道之功”、“道之用”，是人们认知事物和改造事物的一种人为行为，是可以理解接受的，是人们可及的。“德”不是我们通常以为的道德或德行，而是修道之人必备的世界观、人生态度以及为人处世之方法。他讲究“圣人无心，以百姓心为心．善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，得善．信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，得信。”“上善若水”“夫唯啬是谓早服，早服谓之重积德。”老子在自然界万事万物中最赞美水，认为水之德是最近于圣人之德的。而理想中的“圣人”，是道的体现者。五行之体，水为最微，处于最末。善居道者，为其微，不为其著；处众之后，却常德众之先。以不争而争，以无私而私。这就是水的最显著特性。水滋润万物却无取于
《道德经》注音版第七十三章原文及译文
《道德经》注音版第七十三章原文及译文【原文】 勇于敢则杀，勇于不敢则活。此两者，或利或害。天之所恶，孰知其故？天之道，不争而善胜，不言而善应，不召而自来，坦然而善谋。天网恢恢，疏而不失。 【注音版】 勇(yǒng)于(yú)敢(gǎn)则(zé)杀(shā)， 勇(yǒng)于(yú)不(bù)敢(gǎn)则(zé)活(huó)。 此(cǐ)两(liǎng)者(zhě)，或(huò)利(lì)或(huò)害(hài)。 天(tiān)之(zhī)所(suǒ)恶(è)，孰(shú)知(zhī)其(qí)故(g ù)？ 天(tiān)之(zhī)道(dào)，不(bù)争(zhēng)而(ér)善(shàn)胜(shèng)，
不(bù)言(yán)而(ér)善(shàn)应(yìng)， 不(bù)召(zhào)而(ér)自(zì)来(lái)， 坦(tǎn)然(rán)而(ér)善(shàn)谋(móu)。 天(tiān)网(wǎng)恢(huī)恢(huī)，疏(shū)而(ér)不(bù)失(shī)。 【译文】 “勇于敢则杀，勇于不敢则活。此两者，或利或害。” 勇于表现刚强者易于送命，善于表现柔弱的反而能够生存。此两者都是勇，但是却由表现方式不同，结果也不同。 “天之所恶，孰知其故？” 这就是自然规律，可又谁知天意呢？ “天之道，不争而善胜，不言而善应，不召而自来，坦然而善谋。”
圣人也很难判断，自然规律是不争而取得胜利，不言而万物响应，不召而众生自来，淡然筹谋天下大事。 “天网恢恢，疏而不失。” 自然是广大无边的，所无不包，没有一点疏失。 扩展阅读：《道德经》价值影响 《道德经》内容涵盖哲学、伦理学、政治学、军事学等诸多学科，被后人尊奉为治国、齐家、修身、为学的宝典。它对中国的哲学、科学、政治、宗教等产生了深远的影响，体现了古代中国人的一种世界观和人生观。先秦诸子、中国人的文化思想等没有不受老子影响的，被华夏先辈誉为万经。《道德经》的影响也是多方面的，包括政治、文化、科学、宗教等等方面。据元朝时的不完全统计，先秦以来，研老注老著作至元朝时就超过三千余种，具有代表性的不少于一千种，从侧面说明了《道德经》的巨大影响。 扩展阅读：《道德经》名句 1、将欲歙之，必固张之；将欲弱之，必固强之；将欲废之，必固兴之；将欲取之，必固与之。是谓微明。 【出处】《道德经》第三十六章。
《道德经》全文解释
《道德经》全文解释 第一章 道可道（可以语言交流的道）， 非常道（非真正意义上的道）； 名可名（可以明确定义的名）， 非常名（非真正意义上的名）。 无名天地之始（天地在开始时并无名称）， 有名万物之母（名只是为了万物的归属）。 故常无欲以观其妙（因此常用无意识以发现其奥妙）， 常有欲以观其徼（常用有意识以归属其范围）。 两者同出异名（两种思维模式同出自一个地方但概念却不相同），同谓玄之又玄（这就是玄之又玄的玄关窍）。 众妙之门（它是打开一切奥妙的不二法门）。 第二章 天下皆知美之为美（天下皆知美之所以为美）， 斯恶已（是因为丑恶的心灵在作崇）； 皆知善之为善（皆知善之所以为善）， 斯不善已（是因为不善的意念在作怪）。 故有无相生（因此而产生了有无相生）、 难易相成（难易相成）、 长短相形（长短相形）、 高下相倾（高下相倾）、 音声相和（音声相和）、 前后相随（前后相随等各种患得患失的主观意识）。 是以圣人（但是圣人）， 处无为之事（处于无区别心之无为境界）， 行不言之教（教化众生于不言之中）， 万物作焉而不辞（顺应万物的发展规律而不横加干涉）。 生而不有（生养万物而不据为己有）， 为而不恃（竭尽全力而不自恃已能）， 功成而弗居（功成业就而不居功自傲）。 夫为弗居（正因为他不居功自傲）， 是以不去（所以他不会失去什么）。 第三章
不尚贤（不刻意招贤）， 使民不争（使民众不去争名）； 不贵难得之货（不稀罕难得之货）， 使民不为盗（使民众不为盗）。 不见可欲（不见引发欲望的根源）， 使心不乱（就不会产生动乱的动机）。 是以圣人之治（所以圣人的治理方法是）： 虚其心、实其腹（普及虚心、养身的道理）， 弱其智、强其骨（宣传弱智、强骨的好处），【注：弱者道之用】常使民无知无欲（常使人民深刻感悟无知无欲的益处）， 使夫知者不敢为也（使那些自作聪明的人无用武之地）。 为无为（以无为的境界处理政务）， 则无不治（国家就没有治理不好的理由）。 第四章 道冲（道似一个器皿）， 似万物之宗（好像万物的根源）， 渊兮（它浩瀚无边啊）， 而用之或不盈（永远取之不尽）。 挫其锐（压制锋芒）， 解其纷（解脱纷扰）； 和其光（和顺光辉）， 同其尘（混同尘垢）。 湛兮（高深莫测啊）， 似若存（好像无处不在）。 吾不知谁之子（我虽然不知它的来源）， 象帝之先（但它却先于上帝）。 第五章 天地不仁（天地超越仁的概念）， 以万物为刍狗（任凭万物像草狗那样自生自灭）； 圣人不仁（圣人超越仁的概念）， 以百姓为刍狗（任凭百姓自作自息）。 天地之间（天地之间的一切生命）， 其犹橐龠乎（犹如风箱一样）， 虚而不淈（虚空但无穷尽）， 动之愈出（越动付出愈多）。 多言数穷（言多必然有失）， 不如守中（不如抱心守一）。
《道德经》注音版第五十三章原文及译文
《道德经》注音版第五十三章原文及译文【原文】 使我介然有知，行于大道，唯施是畏。大道甚夷，而人好径。朝甚除，田甚芜，仓甚虚；服文采，带利剑，厌饮食，财货有馀；是为盗夸。非道也哉！ 【注音版】 使(shǐ)我(wǒ)介(jiè)然(rán)有(yǒu)知(zhī)， 行(xíng)于(yú)大(dà)道(dào)，唯(wéi)施(shī)是(shì)畏(wèi)。 大(dà)道(dào)甚(shèn)夷(yí)，而(ér)人(rén)好(hǎo)径(j ìng)。 朝(cháo)甚(shèn)除(chú)，田(tián)甚(shèn)芜(wú)， 仓(cāng)甚(shèn)虚(xū)；服(fú)文(wén)采(cǎi)，
带(dài)利(lì)剑(jiàn)，厌(yàn)饮(yǐn)食(shí)， 财(cái)货(huò)有(yǒu)馀(yú)；是(shì)为(wéi)盗(dào)夸(kuā)。 非(fēi)道(dào)也(yě)哉(zāi)！ 【译文】 “使我介然有知，行于大道，唯施是畏。” 若使我介然有知，行大道于天下，最担心我会不自觉的施为于天下。 “大道甚夷，而人好径。” 虽然大道荡然平坦，仍然有许多人弃之而走途径，不走正路。 “朝甚除，田甚芜，仓甚虚；服文采，带利剑，厌饮食，财货有馀” 不走正路者，他们使朝纲混乱、田地荒凉、仓库空虚；而他们自己却，穿锦衣、配利剑、酒肉挥霍，并且贪污抢夺百姓的财
货。 “是为盗夸。非道也哉！” 这些人才是真正的强盗，这种行为完全的背离了大道。 扩展阅读：《道德经》内容简介 《道德经》，又称《道德真经》、《老子》、《五千言》、《老子五千文》，是中国古代先秦诸子分家前的一部著作，为其时诸子所共仰，传说是春秋时期的老子（李耳）所撰写，是道家哲学思想的重要来源。道德经分上下两篇，原文上篇《德经》、下篇《道经》，不分章，后改为《道经》37章在前，第38章之后为《德经》，并分为81章。文本以哲学意义之“道德”为纲宗，论述修身、治国、用兵、养生之道，而多以政治为旨归，乃所谓“内圣外王”之学，文意深奥，包涵广博。 《道德经》的总字数因为版本不同而有所差异：马王堆帛书，甲本为5344字，乙本为5342字（外加重文124字）；今本，河上公《道德经章句》为5201字（外加重文94字），王弼《老子道德经注》为5162字（外加重文106字），傅奕《道德经古本》为5450字（外加重文106字）。 现代《道德经》通行本，是以王弼所注，字数为5162字。
道德经林语堂
【佛慧双语弘道馆】——《道德经》汉英对照（林语堂译本） 道德经 老子著 林语堂英译 一章 道，可道，非恒道。名，可名，非恒名。无名，天地之始；有名，万物之母。故常无欲，以观其妙；常有欲，以观其徼。此两者同出而异名， 同谓之玄。玄之又玄，众妙之门。 The Tao that can be told of Is not the Absolute Tao; The Names that can be given Are not Absolute Names. The Nameless is the origin of Heaven and Earth; The Named is the Mother of All Things. Therefore: Oftentimes, one strips oneself of passion In order to see the Secret of Life; Oftentimes, one regards life with passion, In order to see its manifest forms. These two (the Secret and its manifestations) Are (in their nature) the same; They are given different names When they become manifest. They may both be called the Cosmic Mystery: Reaching from the Mystery into the Deeper Mystery Is the Gate to the Secret of All Life. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 二章 天下皆知美之为美，斯恶已；皆知善之为善，斯不善矣。有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相盈，音声相和，前后相随，恒也。是以圣人 处无为之事，行不言之教，万物作而弗始，生而弗有，为而弗恃，功成而弗居。夫唯弗居，是以不去。 When the people of the Earth all know beauty as beauty, There arises (the recognition of) ugliness. When the people of the Earth all know the good as good, There arises (the recognition of) evil. Therefore: Being and non-being interdepend in growth; Difficult and easy interdepend in completion; Long and short interdepend in contrast; High and low interdepend in position; Tones and voice interdepend in harmony; Front and behind interdepend in company.
道德经全文及译文,老子道德经全文及翻译
道德经全文及译文,老子道德经全文及翻译 各位读友大家好！你有你的木棉，我有我的文章，为了你的木棉，应读我的文章！若为比翼双飞鸟，定是人间有情人！若读此篇优秀文，必成天上比翼鸟！ 道德经全文及译文,老子道德经全文及翻译【老子·第一章】道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名[1]。无名天地之始;有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙;常有，欲以观其徼。此两者，同出而异名，同谓之玄。玄之又玄，众妙之门。【注释】:[1]通常译为”可以说出来的道，就不是永恒不变的道”，强调道是不可言说的。但这样的翻译，等于一开始就剥夺了老子言说真道的可能性和可靠性。其实”常”字在《老子》中多为”通常”之意。另一方面，”道”字，到老子之时，已经用得很泛:有”道路”之意，如《易经》”履道坦坦，幽人贞吉”;有”王道”之意，如《尚书》”无有作好，遵王之道” ;有”方法”之意，如《尚书》”我道惟宁王德延”;又有”言说”之意，如《诗经》”中之言，不可道也”。《尚书序》(相传为孔子所作)说:”伏牺、神农、黄帝之书，谓之三坟，言大道也。少昊、颛乙、高辛、唐、虞之书，谓之五典，言常道也”。这里用了”常道”一词，指一般的道理。又有冯友兰先生考证说，古时所谓道，均为人道，到了老子才赋与道形而上学的意义。可见，老子要宣示上天大道，必须一开始就澄清概念，强调他下面要讲的道，绝非人们一般常指的道，不是一般的道理，即非”常道”，而是……是什么呢?就要听老子娓娓道来了。【翻译】:道可以说，
但不是通常所说的道。名可以起，但不是通常所起的名。可以说他是无，因为他在天地创始之前;也可以说他是有，因为他是万物的母亲。所以，从虚无的角度，可以揣摩他的奥妙。从实有的角度，可以看到他的踪迹。实有与虚无只是说法不同，两者实际上同出一源。这种同一，就叫做玄秘。玄秘而又玄秘啊!宇宙间万般奥妙的源头。【老子·第二章】天下皆知美之为美，斯恶已。皆知善之为善，斯不善已。有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相盈，音声相和，前后相随。恒也。是以圣人处无为之事，行不言之教;万物作而弗始，生而弗有，为而弗恃，功成而不居。夫唯弗居，是以不去。【翻译】:1天下的人都知道以美为美，这就是丑了。都知道以善为善，这就是恶了。2有和无是相互依存的，难和易是相互促成的，长和短互为比较，高和下互为方向，声响和回音相呼应，前边与后边相伴随。3所以，圣人从事的事业，是排除一切人为努力的事业;圣人施行的教化，是超乎一切言语之外的教化。他兴起万物却不自以为大，生养而不据为己有，施予而不自恃其能，成了也不自居其功。他不自居其功，其功却永恒不灭。【老子·第三章】不尚贤，使民不争;不贵难得之货，使民不为盗;不见可欲，使民心不乱。是以圣人之治，虚其心，实其腹，弱其志，强其骨。常使民无知无欲。使夫智者不敢为也。为无为，则无不治。【翻译】:不崇尚贤能之辈，方能使世人停止争斗。不看重珍奇财宝，方能使世人不去偷窃。不诱发邪情私欲，方能使世人平静安稳。所以，圣人掌管万民，是使他们
《道德经》注音版第十一章原文及译文
《道德经》注音版第十一章原文及译文 【原文】 三十辐共一毂，当其无，有车之用。埏埴以为器，当其无，有器之用。凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用。故有之以为利，无之以为用。 【注音版】 三(sān)十(shí)辐(fú)共(gòng)一(yī)毂(gū), 当(dāng)其(qí)无(wú),有(yǒu)车(chē)之(zhī)用(yòng). 埏(shān)埴(zhí)以(yǐ)为(wéi)器(qì), 当(dāng)其(qí)无(wú),有(yǒu)器(qì)之(zhī)用(yòng). 凿(záo)户(hù)牖(yǒu)以(yǐ)为(wéi)室(shì), 当(dāng)其(qí)无(wú),有(yǒu)室(shì)之(zhī)用(yòng).
故(gù)有(yǒu)之(zhī)以(yǐ)为(wéi)利(lì), 无(wú)之(zhī)以(yǐ)为(wéi)用(yòng). 【译文】 “三十辐共一毂，当其无，有车之用” 用三十根辐条制造的一个车轮，当中空的地方可以用来装车轴，这样才有了车的作用。 “埏埴以为器，当其无，有器之用” 用泥土烧成的器皿，当中是空的所以才能放东西，这样才有了器皿的作用。 “凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用” 开窗户造方子，当中是空的所以可以放东西和住人，这样才有了房屋的作用。 “故有之以为利，无之以为用”
最后的是总结上面所讲，“有之以为利”这里的“有”可以被解释为有利条件，“无之以为用”这里的“无”可以被解释为使得有利条件发挥作用。“有无相生” “利，用”也是一样是不可分离的，这个也就是“道” 扩展阅读：《道德经》名言赏析 一，合抱之木，生于毫末；九层之台，起于累土。——《道德经.第六十四章》 再大的树木，也是从一颗小树苗开始长起来的；再高的塔台，也是用泥土一点点堆积起来的。无论做什么事，只要不断努力，哪怕每次只做微不足道的一点点，若能坚持不懈的做下去，一定会有所收获的。 二，图难于其易，为大于其细。——《道德经.第六十三章》 想做一件难度很大的事，要从这件事最容易的地方下手；要想做成一件大事，先要从最细小的地方做起。“勿以善小而不为，勿以恶小而为之”，无论工作还是学习中，都应该从细节入手，一屋不扫，何以扫天下？ 三，企者不立，跨者不行。——《道德经.第二十四章》
《道德经》全文+拼音+注释(免费)
道德经《老子》第一章 dào 道kě 可 dào 道， fēi 非 chánɡ 常 dào 道。 mínɡ 名 kě可mínɡ 名， fēi 非 chánɡ 常 mínɡ 名。 wú无mínɡ 名 tiān 天 dì 地 zhī 之 shǐ 始； yǒu 有 mínɡ 名 wàn 万wù 物 zhī 之 mǔ 母。 ɡù故chánɡ 常 wú 无， yù 欲 yǐ 以 ɡuān 观 qí 其 miào 妙 ；chánɡ 常 yǒu 有， yù 欲 yǐ 以 ɡuān 观 qí 其 jiǎo 徼 。 cǐ此liǎnɡ 两 zhě 者， tónɡ 同 chū 出 ér 而 yì 异 mínɡ 名
，tónɡ 同 wèi 谓 zhī 之 xuán 玄。 xuán 玄 zhī 之 yòu 又 xuán 玄，zhònɡ 众 miào 妙 zhī 之 mén 门。 【解释】道，可以说出来的，就不是永恒的道；名，可以叫出来的，就不是永恒的名。无，是天地原始的名字；有，是产生万物的名字。所以常从“无”中，去观察道的奥妙。常从“有”中，去观察道的运行。这两者是同一个来源，只是名称不同。都可说是含义深远。深远再深远，就是一切奥妙的总门。 《老子》第二章 tiān 天xià 下 jiē 皆 zhī 知 měi 美 zhī 之 wéi 为 měi 美， sī斯è 恶 yǐ 已。 jiē 皆 zhī 知 shàn 善 zhī 之 wéi 为 shàn 善，sī 斯 bú 不 shàn 善 yǐ 已。 yǒu 有wú 无 xiānɡ 相 shēnɡ 生， nán 难 yì 易 xiānɡ 相 chénɡ 成
道德经原文注音版
道德经原文 第一章 Dào kě dào ， fēichángdào 。 Míng kě míng ，fēi cháng míng 。道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。w ú míng tiān dì zhī shǐ，yǒu míng wàn wù zhī mǔ。gù 无名天地之始有名万物之母。故 cháng wú yù yǐ guān qí miào ；cháng yǒu yù yǐ guān qí jiǎo 常无欲以观其妙；常有欲以观其徼 （jiào）。cǐ liǎng zhě tóng chūér yì míng ，tóng wèi zhī（jiào）。此两者同出而异名，同谓之 xuán ，xuán zhī yòu xuán ，zhòng miào zhī mén 。 ?玄，玄之又玄，众妙之门。 【解释】道，可以说出来的，就不是永恒的道；名，可以叫出来的，就不是永恒的名。无，是天地原始的名字；有，是产生万物的名字。所以常从“无”中，去观察道的奥妙。常从“有”中，去观察道的运行。这两者是同一个来源，只是名称不同。都可说是含义深远。深远再深远，就是一切奥妙的总门。 第二章 tiān xià jiē zhī měi zhī wéi měi ，sīè yǐ。jiē zhī shàn ?天下皆知美之为美，斯恶已皆知善 zhī wéi shàn ，sī bù shàn yǐ。gù yǒu wú xiāng shēng ，nán 之为善，斯不善已故有无相生，难 yì xiāng chéng ，cháng duǎn xiāng xíng ，gāo xià xiāng qīng 易相成，长短相形，高下相倾 ，yīn shēng xiāng hè，qián hòu xiāng suí。shì yǐ shèng rén ，音声相和，前后相随。是以圣人 chù wú wéi zhī shì，xíng bù yán zhī jiào wàn wù zuò yān 处无为之事行不言之教；万物作焉 ér bù cí，shēng ér bù yǒu ，wéi ér bù shì，gōng chéng ér 而不辞生而不有为而不恃，功成而 fú jū。fū wéi fú jū，shì yǐ bù qù。 弗居。夫唯弗居，是以不去。 【解释】天下都知道美的就是美的，就是因为有丑的了。都知道善的就是善的，就是因为有恶的了。所以，有和无互助产生，难和易互相形成，长和短互相包容，高和下互相包容，音和
道德经全文及注解
道德经全文及注解（一） 第一章 道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。 无名，天地之始；有名，万物之母。 故常无欲，以观其妙；常有欲，以观其徼。 此两者同出而异名，同谓之玄。玄之又玄，众妙之门。 意译：“道”是可以用语言来讨论的，但通过语言这个不精确的工具表达出来的不是真正的永恒的“道”；姑且命名为“道”，但这并不是它真正的名字。“道”这个东西，本来是没有名字的，它是天地开创者；经过命名之后称之为“道”，它指的是管理我们这个世界的最高法则。不带着贪念，能体会到“道”的精妙；发挥人的主观能动性，能看到道与万物的精确关系。两者的名称虽然有差异，但是都是指向同一本体，它们同样令人惊叹，它们都是一个混沌。认识到混沌是客观事实和客观存在，是一切学问的开始。 深入探讨：这是给“道”命名的过程，也体现出语言的局限性，语言思维的局限性，非语言思维是很有价值的，笔者发现发展它的秘密在于开发右脑，而中国的教育似乎欠缺了这一点。右脑是一个值得开发的脑，例如右脑的非语言思维可以帮助我们悟“道”和高效记忆等等，右脑发达的人，才容易领悟到“道”的各种存在。一般情况下，女人的右脑都比较发达，我们男士要加把劲才行，当然，男女都需要进步。^_^老子的“道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名”，也可以体现，第一，人的认识和思维能力具有局限性，以人的能力是几乎不可能认
识理解到“道”级别规律的全部内涵的，最多认识到其中一部分和一些接近规律的并且带有局限性的一些理论，由人道出来的“道”不是精确的道，也不是全部的道；第二，人的语言有局限性的，语言是一种交流工具，同时也是制造虚伪的工具，比如你现在的心情，你可以用语言精确地表达出来吗？不行的，最多找一些比较接近实际情况的语言，可见偏差在这个时候就已经出现了，而且，听者对你所采用的语言的理解又未必同你的本意相同，可能别人对你用以表达心情的语言作出同你本意相反的理解，所以，语言虽然有它的作用，但有时其实是垃圾工具，自然地，“道”，是不能用语言这种并不高级的工具精确表现出来的，包括世界存在的任何规律亦然，人类的语言最多帮助交流的时候能够接近事实，而不能精确地表现事实。但是，我们也不能否定语言的价值，老子也没有贬低语言的价值，只是客观说明情况。高手的话，可以神似地用语言表达事物，《易经》、《道德经》这些，就是用语言文字神似地描述道的作品，否则，得道高人老子也不会采用语言的方式给我们这样的经典了。 第二章 天下皆知美之为美，斯恶已。皆知善之为善，斯不善已。 有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相盈，音声相和，前后相随。恒也。 是以圣人处无为之事，行不言之教；万物作而弗始，生而弗有，为而弗恃，功成而不居。夫唯弗居，是以不去。 意译：世人不依据道，而主观形成的所谓优秀的概念，事实真相
《道德经》注音版第八十章原文及译文
《道德经》注音版第八十章原文及译文 【原文】 小国寡民。使有什伯之器而不用；使民重死而不远徙。虽有舟舆，无所乘之，虽有甲兵，无所陈之。使民复结绳而用之。甘其食，美其服，安其居，乐其俗。邻国相望，鸡犬之声相闻，民至老死，不相往来。 【注音版】 小(xiǎo)国(guó)寡(guǎ)民(mín)。 使(shǐ)有(yǒu)什(shí)伯(bǎi)之(zhī)器(qì)而(ér)不(bù)用(yòng)； 使(shǐ)民(mín)重(zhòng)死(sǐ)而(ér)不(bù)远(yuǎn)徙(xǐ)。 虽(suī)有(yǒu)舟(zhōu)舆(yú)，无(wú)所(suǒ)乘(chéng)之(zhī)，
虽(suī)有(yǒu)甲(jiá)兵(bīng)，无(wú)所(suǒ)陈(chén)之(zhī)。 使(shǐ)民(mín)复(fù)结(jié)绳(shéng)而(ér)用(yòng)之(zhī)。 甘(gān)其(qí)食(shí)，美(měi)其(qí)服(fú)， 安(ān)其(qí)居(jū)，乐(lè)其(qí)俗(sú)。 邻(lín)国(guó)相(xiāng)望(wàng)， 鸡(jī)犬(quǎn)之(zhī)声(shēng)相(xiāng)闻(wén)， 民(mín)至(zhì)老(lǎo)死(sǐ)，不(bù)相(xiāng)往(wǎng)来(lái)。 【译文】 “小国寡民。使有什伯之器而不用；使民重死而不远徙。” 理想的国家是，国土很小，人民很少，没有冲突和纠纷，纵使拥有兵器也用不着，没有苛邢暴政，人民也不需要冒着生命危
险迁移远方了。 “虽有舟舆，无所乘之，虽有甲兵，无所陈之。使民复结绳而用之。” 虽然有船只车辆，也没有机会乘坐。虽然有盔甲也没有机会去展示。使人们回到绳结记事。 “甘其食，美其服，安其居，乐其俗。邻国相望，鸡犬之声相闻，民至老死，不相往来。” 人人恬淡寡欲，吃的虽是粗食，但也觉得很甘美。穿的虽是破衣服，但觉得很漂亮。住的虽是陋室，但觉得很安逸。风俗虽是俭朴，但觉得很快乐。与邻国之间彼此能听到对方的狗犬鸡叫，但人民从生到死都不相往来。 扩展阅读：《道德经》价值影响 《道德经》内容涵盖哲学、伦理学、政治学、军事学等诸多学科，被后人尊奉为治国、齐家、修身、为学的宝典。它对中国的哲学、科学、政治、宗教等产生了深远的影响，体现了古代中国人的一种世界观和人生观。先秦诸子、中国人的文化思想等没有不受老子影响的，被华夏先辈誉为万经。《道德经》的影响也是多方面的，包括政治、文化、科学、宗教等等方面。据元朝时的不完全统计，先秦以来，研老注老著作至元朝时就超过三千余种，