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高中英语语法--定语从句

语法复习：定语从句

考点与知识结构

1.引导词有几个？

一共有9个：who, whom , whose, that, which, when, where, why, as

与名词从句相比：定从不能由what和how引导；which的含义改变；定从内部的介词可以放引导词前。

2. 引导词的功能有哪些？

⑴引导定语从句。

⑵代替先行词在定语从句中充当一个成分。（先行词在从句中不再出现）

3. 定语从句的关键是什么？

首先，要能判断出该从句是什么从句：

○1放句首没有用逗号分开的，一般是主语从句，也有可能是状语从句，但从句结束后若有体现时态变化的动词，则一定是主语从句。

○2放及物动词后，若及物动词不是被动语态，后面一定是宾语从句；若该及物动词是被动语态，后面一般是主语从句（It+ is + adj/n./done+ that/whether/when…

○

3放be动词后，后面一定是表语从句，但“It is/was + 从句(”是强调句（强调句中“非谓语”）。

○4放名词后，一般是定语从句，但若该名词有“内涵/内容”( fact/truth/news/information/ problem/suggestion)，则很可能是同位语从句。

○5用逗号分开的从句，一般是状语从句或as/which引导的定语从句，也要注意用放在句中用逗号分开的“插入语”(however, for example, believe it or not等)。

When he will be back remains unknown.

When he came back he turned on the TV.

I don’t know when he will be back.

It is unknown when he will be back.

It was because my alarm clock was broken that I was late this morning..

其次，判断出是定语从句后可以用“三个优先”法做题：

○1优先选择含whose的选项，能与空格后的名词构成“某人的某物”搭配，一般就是答案；

○2优先选择含介词的选项，然后看该介词与从句中的谓语是否能构成符合逻辑的搭配

○3用逗号分开的定从，优先考虑as和which,若该空能翻译为“一件事”而从句意思是通顺的，则放句首就用as,句末用which(若该空能翻译为“如同”“像…一样”则应用as)

再次,做定语从句题可以用“三问法”来检测是否出错：

（1）先行词本身是否为特殊的词？→先行词特殊吗？

way+ in which/that/省略来源：in this way用这种方法(方式状语)

指物的不定代词：anything, one, some, many, a lot, all, both, that等+ that

指人的不定代词或数词：one, those, anyone, two等+ who

既有人又有物：+ that

“抽象的地点”condition, situation, case, point + where

“抽象的时间”one’s stay/visit + when

在特定语境中可以作“地点/位置”理解的词：trousers/ sleeves + where

（2）先行词前面有无特殊的词？→先行词前面有特殊词吗？

有不定代词修饰：all/every/little/much+ … + that

有最高级/序数词修饰：the best/second … + that

有just the/ the very/ the only/ the last等修饰：+ that （注意：the same… that→ just the…that正好是）

有who/which疑问词：+ that (避免重复)

有the same/ such/ as修饰：一般+ as (陷阱: ○1第一个as是否为一个以as结尾的搭配，如regard…as；

○2区分such… as（定从）与such …that“如此…以至于”）（3）先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分？→从句内部缺少成分吗？

当心：从句中spend后的“时间”，以及visit后的“地点”，不是状语，而是宾语，应该用不定代词

仍然可以用“及物动词法”解题：

○1若定从内部“主谓宾”或“主谓表”完整，只能用“关系副词”或“介词+关系代词”引导。

○2若定从内部缺少“主语”或“宾语（观察及物动词或介词后有无宾语）”，则一定用“关系代词”。

4. 只能用that引导定语从句有哪些情况？

先行词前为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时．

先行词前有：all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等不定代词修饰时．

先行词被序数词修饰时．

先行词被形容词最高级修饰时．

先行词前only, just, very, last有等修饰时．

先行词是表示人和物混杂的两个名词时．

主句是以who, which,开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词时．

在修饰时间、地点等先行词时，只有用that代替when, where等引导词。

例：I'll never forget the Sunday (that) you first arrived.

Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink ?

先行词为reason, way (意为“方法”)时，常用that 代替why, which, in which，也可省略．

引导词在定语从句中作表语时，多用that引导．

先行词是主句表语时．

例：It is a dictionary that will help you a lot.

当主语以there be 开头时．

当先行词是数词时．

同一个复合句里有两个定语从句，一个用which，另一个通常用that．

5. reason后面用什么引导？way 后面用什么引导？

reason后面的定于从句用why引导。

way 后面定语从句用in which 或that引导that可以省略。

6. when引导的定语从句等于什么引导的定语从句？

when引导的定语从句等于介词+ which引导的定语从句。

7. where 引导的定语从句等于什么引导的定语从句？

where 引导的定语从句等于介词＋which引导的定语从句。

★8. one of 和the (only) one of 引导的定语从句在主谓一致问题上应注意什么？

前者引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数；后者用单数。

9. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有和区别？

限制性定语从句是主句不可缺少的一个部分，缺少后主句意思不完整。非限制性定语从句是对主句的进一步说明，不要从句对主句意义无多大影响；非限制性定语从句前后有逗号隔开。而且非限制性定语从句中不能用that。

10. as 和which引导的非限制性定语从句在用法上有什么区别？

as和which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句．都可以代替主句中的整个内容或某一成分．

as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句首，并常和know, see, expect等词连用．意为：“正如……”．而which 不能位于句首．

11. as 可以用于哪些结构中引导定语从句？

such... as；the same... as；so ... as..

12. the same．．．as和the same ．．．that 引导的定语从句如何区别？

the same．．．as 引导的定语从句指的是相同事物，强调同类．

the same．．．that引导的定语从句指的是同一物．

This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.（相同）

This is the same pen that I borrowed from Mr. Li. (同一物)

borrow借进，lend借出

carry携带：take带走，bring带来，fetch去拿来= go and bring

13. such．．．as ．．．和such．．．that．．．如何区分？

such．．．as ．．．引导的是定语从句．as必须代替先行词在其引导的从句中充当成分．

such．．．that．．．引导的从句是状语从句．that只是引导从句并不在其引导的从句中充当成分．在选择填空首先看从句中是否缺句子成分，如果缺成分就要考虑是定语从句；如果不缺成分就要考虑是状语成分．★14. whose 引导定语从句有那些注意点？

whose 作定语,后面跟名词.一般有三种表示形式.

例:This is the dictionary whose cover has come off.

= This is the dictionary the cover of which has come off.

= This is the dictionary of which the cover has come off.

★★★15. “介词+ 关系词”开头的定语从句有哪几种情况？注意：引导定从的介词后不能加who/that This is the house.

He once lived in the house.

This is the house where he once lived.

which he once lived in.

in which he once lived.

The cover of the book has come off.

This is the school.

the teachers of the school I like.

（1:

（2）“of所有格”：

（3）“

（4）偶尔可用“

The boss in whose department Ms King works is a kind man. (来源：Ms King works in his department)

He hid behind the door, ______ he could see what was happening outside.

A.from which

B. where

C. from where

D. from that

(来源：he could see from behind the door; 类似: from across the sea, from beyond the riverbank) There is a tall tree in front of my home, the leaves _______ have turned yellow.

A. on which

B. of which

C. of whose

D. where

注意：只有“of which/whom”结构才能在前面加名词短语，引导定从

一.定语从句及相关术语

1．定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

2．定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

3．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。

4．关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；

关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：①引导定语从句。②代替先行词。③在定语从句中担当一个成分。

（注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。）

定义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

主句：The man is a policeman.

从句：who is shaking hands with my father. 用来修饰先行词the man

关系词who在定语从句中作主语

The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all.

主句：The film was not interesting at all.

从句：which they went to see last night 用来修饰先行词the film

关系词which在定语从句中作宾语

The reason why he failed the examination is that he had not made any preparation for it.

主句：The reason is that he had not made any preparation for it.

从句：why he failed the examination用来修饰先行词the reason

关系词why在定语从句中作原因状语

二.关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可

省略。

(1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

(4) The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.

(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?（注意：the + 名词+ of which/whom常考！）

三.介词+关系代词whom/which引导的定语从句（重点！）

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.

(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.

(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

注意：

1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；

关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)

(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词，构成some of

which/whom等类似结构引导的定语从句。(重点：常考！)

(1) He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.

(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

在特定语境中，可以用“介词+ whose/where”引导定语从句

The boss in whose department Ms King once worked is a kind man.

“从门后面”from behind the door

“从海那边”from across the sea

四．关系副词引导的定语从句

1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

(2) The time when we got together finally came.

2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语，此时先行词常为reason。可变为for which（常考！）

why=for which

(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.

(2) China is a country which has a long history.

非限制性定语从句举例：

(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.

要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

(1)His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）

(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）

课堂练习

一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：

1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.

2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.

3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.

4. The students will not pass the exam . They don’t study hard.

5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.

6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.

7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.

8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.

9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.

10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.

11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.

12. That’s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.

13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.

14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven’t been handed in.

15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.

16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.

17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.

18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.

19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.

20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.

二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:

1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.

2. The pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.

3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.

4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.

5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.

6. The stories about the Long March, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.

三、选择填空：

1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.

A. who

B. which

C. whom

D. when

2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.

A. whose

B. who

C. whom

D. which

3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. as

4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?

A. when

B. where

C. which

D. who

5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.

A. which

B. that

C. whom

D. as

6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.

A. whom

B. which

C. who

D. when

7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning?

A. when

B. where

C. which

D. who

8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?

A. who

B. /

C. that

D. when

9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker.

A. who

B. whom

C. to whom

D. to who

10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.

A. with whom

B. when

C. to whom

D. which

11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.

A. the nurse is talking to him

B. whom the nurse is talking

C. the nurse is talking to

D. who the nurse is talking

可以用“及物动词法”做从句题：

判断及物动词的方法：“我…它”，“它被我…”

及物动词只有2种用法：（1）加宾语；（2）用于被动语态

定语从句少“主语”/“宾语”：一定用关系代词

“主谓宾/主谓表”完整：一定用关系副词

名词从句少“主/宾/表”：一般用what

12. The man ____ around our school is from America.

A. which you showed

B. you showed him

C. you showed

D. where you showed

破解：见到“名词+sb”的结构，只要该名词并未修饰sb,则从sb开始一定是定从，且前面的名词在定从中一定做宾语，并且省略了关系代词

This is the way he thought of ____ the problem.

A. solving

B. to solve

C. solved

D. having solved

13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.

A. of whom

B. from whom

C. about that

D. who

14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.

A. where

B. who

C. in which

D. which

15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you?

A. that

B. whom

C. when

D. whose

16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.

A. that

B. which

C. whatever

D. all

17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.

A. most of them

B. most of that

C. most of whom

D. most of those

一个句号内有“两句话”，有三种可能：

（1）用and/but/or/分号/破折号连接的“并列句”，2者语法上无关系。

（2）“主从复合句”：其中一句不变，做主句；另一句用“引导词”引导，是从句。2者语法有联系。（3）“独立主格”：一句不变，做主句；另一句句首也不变，但“谓语”部分变为“非谓语动词”甚至不用动词。（很多时候“独立主格”都是由“状语从句”变化而来）

There being no buses, they had to walk back home. (=Because there were no buses,…)

If time permits, I can do it better. = Time permitting, I can do it better.

18. This is the very letter ____came last night.

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. as

19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I.

A. whoever

B. whomever

C. anyone

D. the one

从句引导词的主格或宾格问题：“就从不就主”

20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.

A. where

B. /

C. when

D. what

21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.

A. where

B. that

C. which

D. on which

22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.

A. which

B. in which

C. that

D. /

23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.

A. that, what

B. what, that

C. which, what

D. that, which

24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?

A. that

B. which

C. its

D. whose

25. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.

A. whom

B. who

C. to whom

D. from whom

26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago?

A. the one

B. which

C. that

D. where

27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?

A. the one

B. where

C. in which

D. /

碰到“疑问句”或者“倒装句”：一般采用“还原法”，还原成按汉语逻辑的陈述句。

问题：Is this school 到底是This is school还是This school is…呢？

限定词：英语中，名词词组最前面一般都有限定词，尤其是可数名词单数前不能省略（特殊搭配除外）限定词有：冠词a(n)/the；指示代词this/that/these/those；物主代词my/his等；数词one等等。

28. How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?

A. whose

B. who

C. whom

D. which

29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.

A. it

B. which

C. that

D. he

30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.

A. when there were

B. which there were

C. that there were

D. where there were

31. I live in the house ____ windows face south.

A. which

B. whose

C. where

D. in that

32. ---- What game is popular with them? ---- The ____ most is tennis.

A. game they like it

B. game they like

C. best game they like

D. best game they like it

名词后有sb,且不修饰的话，从sb开始一定是定从，且前面的名词在定从中充当宾语(关系代词省略)

33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.

A. which

B. which time

C. during which time

D. during which

考点：“介词+ which time”为定从的固定搭配，定从里的which除此情况外，都不能修饰名词

34. The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. when

35. Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.

A. when

B. that

C. at which

D. where

36. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. when

37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.

A. which

B. as

C. that

D. it

38. ____ is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.

A. What

B. As

C. That

D. Which

39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.

A. whose

B. that

C. whom

D. who

40. I have bought two pens, ____ write well.

A. none of which

B. neither of which

C. both of which

D. all of which

41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?

A. why

B. which

C. for that

D. of which

42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.

A. which

B. what

C. it

D. that

43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.

A. following

B. followed

C. to follow

D. that followed

44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.

A. It

B. Which

C. As

D. That

45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.

A. that was what

B. what was that

C. and which was

D. which was what

46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.

A. when

B. as

C. whose

D. what

47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.

A. when

B. as

C. whose

D. what

48. He is absent ____ is often the case.

A. what

B. which

C. who

D. as

49. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. when

50. Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.

A. who

B. that

C. whom

D. which

51. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.

A. that, which

B. when, which

C. which, that

D. when, who

52. This is the only book ____ I can find.

A. that

B. which

C. it

D. with which

53. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.

A. the way

B. the way in that

C. the way which

D. the way of which

54. That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.

A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have be worth doing值得（被）做

55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.

A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have

考点：定从的先行词前有one of …以及the (only/very) one of…问题

one of +复数范围+ 定从（谓语为复数）→定从修饰“范围”，为复数

the one of +复数范围+ 定从（谓语为单数）→定从修饰“the one”，为单数<多个定语，先小后大>

56. There was ____ to prevent the accident.

A. something could do

B. anything we could do

C. nothing we couldn’t do

D. nothing we could do

难点分析

（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时（重点：常考！）

(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

(3) All that can be done has been done.

(4) There is little that I can do for you.

注意：当先行词指人时，一般用who

(5) Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1) This is the best film that I have seen.

4. 当先行词被the very= just the, the only , the last修饰时（重点：常考！）

(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,

(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/

5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语

(1)The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.

8.当在there be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which

（思考：只能用which，不能用that的情况有哪2种呢？）

（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1．as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

(1) He married her, as/which was natural.

(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.

2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思。（重点：常考！）

(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.

(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.

(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.

注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

3. 当先行词受such, the same, so, as等修饰时，常用as

(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.

(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.

(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.

注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

(三)以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。（重点：常考！）

(1) The way（in which/ that）he answered the question was surprising.

(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t )

There is no one but longs to go to college.

(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句

1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系

(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London.

(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.

2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分

(1) The news he told me is true.

(2) The news that he has just died is true.

(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.

(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.

3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以

(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语

(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.

(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.

(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.

特别注意!（1）

先行词有下列情况或附有下列修饰语时, 通常用关系代词that

1)先行词是all, no none, everyone, everything, anything, something, much, little等不定代词修饰时；

2)先行词前有序数词,形容词最高级,以及all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the last, the same, the only, the

very, just the等词修饰时.

3)如果先行词中既含有表示人的名词又有表示物的名词时.

4)若主句中有疑问代词who, which 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who, which.

特别注意!（2）

先行词为指人的不定代词或数词one, those, anyone, someone等时，用关系代词who

Those who don’t work hard at their studies won’t pass the exam.

He is one who has strong will to do everything to his best.

特别注意!（3）

as ,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句,如都指前一句话的意思, 二者可以互换.

as 引导的从句可以放在句首, as 本身有“正如…..正象…”. 一类的含义. 与之连用的词有know, see, expect, announce, point out等. 记住以下结构：

as is well known；as has been said before；as was expected；as we all can see ；as may be imagined

as has been already pointed out

在the same…as…, such…as…, so…as…中as引导的是限制性定语从句.

特别注意!（4）

介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择（介词只与which 和whom 连用，which表示物，whom 表示人）。

方法一：部分介词选择取决于定语从句中的动词，看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(动词固定搭配)

方法二：部分介词取决于被定语从句修饰的先行词，将先行词带入从句，看选择哪个介词

方法三：可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断，将先行词带入从句中（结合生活实际）

将“介词+先行词”带入定语从句

特例！极少数定语从句中出现了介词+关系副词from +where

特别注意!（5）

先行词是表示时间的词或短语，关系词不一定都是还是要分析它在从句中担当的语法成分, 尤其是如果从句的谓语为spend that/which引导。

（当心“杀手”spend!）

还是要分析它在从句中担当的语法成分，尤其是如果从句的谓语为visit that/which引导。

（当心“杀手”visit!）

先行词是reason,关系词不一定都用why,也有可能是同位语从句说明reason的具体内容；

先行词是time,前面如有序数词或last修饰，关系词用that（可省略）;但若前面无序数词或last,关系词既可用that, 也可用when

先行词为the way,表途径、方式时，关系词that(that 可省略），in which皆可

特别注意!（6）

在实践中会遇到很多形似定语从句的句子，要注意定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别,能够正确区分它们.

1. 并列句/定语从句/独立主格

（1）There are two boys in Peter's，both of whom are white．

（2）There are two boys in Peter's，and both of them are white．

（3）There are two boys in Peter’s, both of them white.

There being no buses, we had to walk back home. ( Because there were no buses, …)

If time permits, we can do it better. → Time permitting, …

If time had permitted, we could have done it better. → Time permitting, …

2. 定语从句/状语从句

（1）This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is warm and wet．

（2）This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet

3. 由such+先行词+ as定语从句/ such…that结果状语从句

（1）Here is such a heavy stone as I can't move．

（2）Here is such a heavy stone that I can't move it．

4. as+非限制性定语从句，/ It is… that主语从句

（1）As is known to us all，the light on the earth is given by the sun．

（2）It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun．

（3）What is known to us all is that the light…

5. 定语从句/ 同位语从句

（1）The news that he told me is true．

（2）The news that he will come back from the U.S．is true ．

6. one of the … +定语从句/ the (adj.) one of the … + 定语从句

（1）He is one of the boys who ______ late for school this morning.

（2）He is the (only) one of the boys who ______ late for school this morning.

可以改为“先行词+that定从”

（2）Is this the museum ______ we visited last year?

A.the one

B. where

C. that/which/不填

分析：碰到以疑问句形式出现的题目，做题方法一般是采取“还原法”，就是把疑问句按陈述句的逻辑还原；这里要掌握英语中一个名词短语的常识：“可数名词单数的前面必须有限定词（a/the；this/that；his/Tom’s；数词等）”，从而判定第一句并非为This is museum, 而应该是This museum is ….

课堂练习：

Ⅰ．A．whom B．them C．they D．who

1．Mr Smith has three sons，none of _______ is a computer expert．

2．He has three sisters，_______ are doctors．

3．She has three CDs，but none of______ is interesting．

4．I have many friends，and all of＿______ are nice and friendly．

5．Miss Yang has some relatives here；______ like her very much．

Ⅱ．A．where B．which C．in which D．that

1．Rice grows well ________ there is enough water．

2．I know the university ______ my parents worked ten years ago．

3．After the war，a new school building was put up ________ there had once been a theatre．

4．The hospital _______ Mr Li was operated on in has taken on a new look．

Ⅲ．A．that B．when C．where D．who

1．It is on a summer afternoon ＿＿＿＿he met Liang Wei from Shanghai．

2．Is it on the farm ＿＿＿＿Mr Wang lives？

3．It is the farm ＿＿＿＿Mr Wang lives．

4．Is it Lang Weiwei ＿＿＿＿is speaking to a foreigner？

“强调句”：

基本结构：○1It + is/was +被强调的非谓语成分+ that/who +原句剩余部分

此句型主要用来强调：状语（往往是介宾短语或状语从句）、

主语（that/who后为体现时态变化的动词）

I met my teacher on the street yesterday.

○2另：强调“简单谓语”，可以用do/did/does，翻译为“的确/确实”或者“务必要/一定要”

（搭配祈使句），其后的动词改为原形。

He did come here yesterday. Do come here on time next time

○3检验是否为“强调句”的最直观方法：去掉It is/was…that，看剩下的句子是否完整常见出题模式：

(1) It is+介宾短语+ ______ …→一般都是强调句，但要看it是否指代上下文的某个词

----Was it under the tree _____ you were talking with your friend?

----Yes, but when I got back, the bike was gone.

A. that

B. while

C. where D which

(2) It is +名词/类似名词的短语+ ______ +体现时态变化的动词→一定是强调句，强调主语

(3) It is not until … / It isn’t until…→一定是强调句，强调until搭配的时间状语

（英语中not和until合在一起的场合只有2种：强调句，倒装句）

Ⅳ．A．that B．as C．who D．which

1．Nobody in our school has the same camera ＿＿＿＿you have．

2．She is such a good girl ＿＿＿＿does well in French．

3．She is such a good girl ＿＿＿＿all of us like to make friends with her．

Ⅴ．A．that B．which

1．The news ＿＿＿＿he told me sounds reasonable．

2．The news ＿＿＿＿China has joined the WTO excites all the Chinese．

Ⅵ．A．that B．when C．which

1．It is the first time ＿＿＿＿I have been here．

2．It was the time ＿＿＿＿we had a hard life．

热点分析（接轨高考）

"热点"之一:that和which引导的定语从句的区别

典型考题:

1.The weather turned out to be very good, _______ was more than we could expect.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. if

2. All _______ is needed is a supply of oil.

A. the thing

B. that

C. what

D. which

"热点"之二:定语从句中的"隔离"现象

典型考题:

1. The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.

A. until

B. who

C. where

D. when

2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _______ of course, made the others unhappy.

A. who

B. which

C. this

D. what

"热点"之三:as和which引导的定语从句的区别

典型考题:

1.______ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. That

B. It

C. Which

D. As

2. The result of the experiment was very good, _______ we hadn't expected.

A. when

B. that

C. which

D. what

3. _______ is mentioned above，the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.

A. Which

B. As

C. That

D. It

4. Those houses are sold at such a low price _______ people expected.

A. like

B. as

C. that

D. which

"热点"之四:定语从句与其近似句型

典型考题:

1.It is the ability to do the job _______ matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one

B. that

C. what

D. it

2. You should make it a rule to leave things _______ you can find them again.

A. when

B. where

C. them

D. there

3. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _______ in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

A. whom

B. where

C. while

D. which

4. Go and get your coat. It's _______ you left it.

高中英语语法重点难点回顾

高中英语语法重点难点回顾 ?主谓一致常考难题： Five minuｔes iｓ enougｈｔo do this exerｃise．?Ｅａch boy anｄ each girl ｗants to servｅｔｈe people ｉn fuｔuｒe.?More thａn one stｕｄｅnt haｓ se ｅn ｔhe film. ?Mａny a ship has been daｍageｄ in tｈｅ stoｒm.?More members than ｏnｅａre against yoｕr ｐlaｎ.?一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式：gｌasseｓ, cｌoｔheｓ, troｕｓers，ｓhoes, comｐasse ｓ， chｏpsticks, ｓciｓsors等。但如果主语用a kｉnd oｆ, ａｐaiｒ oｆ， a series of等加名词构成时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。A ｐair ｏｆ sｈoes was on tｈe desk．并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时ａnd 后面的名词没有冠词。例如： Trutｈａnd hｏnｅsty is tｈｅ best poliｃy.?The girl’ｓteacｈer ａnd fri ｅｎｄ iｓ a ｙoｕnｇ doctor. To lovｅ and tｏｂｅｌｏveｄ is thｅ gｒeat hａｐpiness.?Goinｇｔo ｂeｄe ａrlｙａnd getｔｉng ｕp earlｙｉｓ a gooｄｈａｂit．?A knifｅanｄf ｏrk ｉs oｎｔｈｅtablｅ. 当主语后面跟有ａs wｅlｌａs, aｓｍuch ａｓ , no ｌess than, alonｇwith， w ｉｔｈ，ｌike, rａthｅr than, ｔogetheｒ witｈ, but, eｘceｐt, ｂesｉdes，ｉｎcｌuding, ｉn ａddiｔion ｔo等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如: The ｔeaｃheｒａs wｅll as ｔｈe studeｎts ｗas exciｔed.?Tｈe room with its furnitｕｒe was reｎtｅd.?Ａ (grｅａt）ｎumber ｏf修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a gｒeat deal of,a largｅａmount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。关系代词wｈｏ, that, ｗhicｈ等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：Ｔhｏse whｏ want ｔo go pｌease sign youｒ namｅs here. Somｅ oｆ the eｎｅｒgｙ thａt ｉs used by man cｏmｅs fｒom thｅｓun．季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称,球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠1/2 one(a）hａlf 1/4 one(ａ）ｑuarter 词。? 形容词的顺序: 系动词be，grow，get，becoｍｅ，fｅel，appear,provｅ,ｓeｅm,look,ｋeep，smell，t ａste,soｕnd,ｔurn,remaｉn限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词＋大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料?Tｈoｓe tｈree beautiｆul laｒｇe squ ａｒe oｌd bｒｏwn wooｄtaｂｌe?某些以a－开首的形容词例如:ａｆraｉｄ,ａliｋe，alone，asｌｅeｐ，awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。某些以－ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：fｒiｅｎdｌy，liｖｅlｙ, loveｌy，lｏnely，likely,dｅadｌy,siｌｌｙ，orderlｙ, ｔimely等。?1）close接近地 clｏseｌy仔细地,密切地?2）ｆｒeｅ免费地ｆreｅly自由地,无拘束地 3)harｄ努力地 hardlｙ几乎不 4)lａte 晚，迟lately 近来?5)most 极，非常ｍostｌy主要地?6）widｅ广阔地，充分地 wideｌy广泛地?７)ｈiｇｈ高 hｉghｌy高度地,非常地８)deｅp深,迟 deeｐｌy抽象意义的“深”

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英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）考点1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich）在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。 On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are) 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health.

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非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种，是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句，尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。

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高中英语语法最重要知识汇总

按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。第一章名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一．主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：；正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：

2019精选教育高三一轮复习高中英语语法必备句子(含答案).doc(最新整理)

背诵这些句子，英语语法再也不用愁了！ It句型 1. It is/has been 3 years since he got married. 他结婚3年了。 2. It will be 3 years /a long time before everything returns to normal. （将）要3年/很长时间一切才恢复原状。 3. It was 3 hours before the fire was put out. 过了三个小时大火才被扑灭。 4. It won’t be long before he comes back. 不会要很久他就会回来的。 5. It/This is/was the first(second) time (that) I have been/had been here. 这是我第一（二）次我来 6. It makes no difference to me when the sports meeting will be held. 运动会什么时候举行对我说无关紧要。 7. Two many students find it difficult to get into the classroom on time in the morning. 太多学生觉得早上按时到校很难。 9. It was Oct 1st, 1949 when PRC was founded. 中华人民共和国成立的时间是 10. It was on Oct 1st, 1949 that China was founded. 中华人民共和国就是在1949年10月1日成立的。虚拟语气 11. If I were you, I wouldn’t help him. 如果我是你，我就不会帮他。（与现在） 12. If it were to rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go for the picnic. If it should rain… If it rained …如果明天下雨，我就不去野餐。（与将来） 13. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 如果你早一点来你就会遇上他了。（与过去） 14. (How)I wish I knew the answer now, but I don’t know. 我希望我现在知道答案。（wish） 15. (How)I wish I had known the answer, but I didn’t know. 我希望我当时知道答案，但我不知道。（wish） 16. I would rather you had finished your homework. 我宁愿你已经完成了作业。（would rather） I would rather (that) you came to see me tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来看我。 I would rather (that) you left now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。 17. If only I had been to Beijing. 要是我去过北京就好了。（if only） 18. If you had taken/followed the doctor’s advice, you would recover now. 如果你听了医生的劝告，你现在就康复了。（混用） 19. He suggested that we (should) put the meeting forward. His accent suggested that he came fro m Hubei. 他建议我们提前开会，他的口音暗示他来自湖北。（宾从中虚拟与陈述） 20. What is required at the meeting is that the night school (should)be set up by October 1. 会议上提出的要求是夜校要在10月1号前建立。 21. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. 他在进球之前犹豫了一下，要不然，球就进了。情态动词

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C、 which are D、 them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are 2、 A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A、 that B、 which C、 where D、 what

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