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作文范文之语言差异英语作文

语言差异英语作文

【篇一：英汉语言文化对比与英文写作研究】

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英汉语言文化对比与英文写作研究

作者：王晋梅吴均霞吴祥云

【摘要】汉语思维模式对英文写作的负迁移影响，很大程度上源于对英语语言文化的欠缺。因此，在英文写作教学中应加强英汉语言文化对比，从中找出英汉两种语言在思维模式和语言文化方面的异同，帮助学生摆脱汉语思维模式在英语写作中的负迁移影响，切实提高英文写作水平。

【关键词】英汉语言文化对比英文写作思维模式负迁移

【中图分类号】g642 【文献标识码】a 【文章编号】1674-4810（2014）11-0051-03

一引言

随着英语教学探讨的不断深入，语言文化在英语学习中的重要地位日益凸显。在日常的英语专业英文写作教学中，发现学生写作中出现诸多问题，很大程度上源于对英语语言文化的欠缺。

英文写作能力是英语专业大学生英语综合素质的体现。然而，由于英汉文化背景的不同所造成的英汉语言思维模式和语言文化的差异，中国大学生常常依赖母语来构思。因此，学生在英文写作中往往出现中国式或者不地道、不规范甚至错误的英语表达。这一现象提示教师，在教学中必须加强英汉语言文化对比，从中找出英汉语言在思维模式和语言文化方面的异同，帮助学生逐步摆脱中文思维模式在英文写作中的负迁移影响，从而实现有效交际，切实提高学生的英文写作水平。

二英文写作视角下的英汉语言文化对比

潘文国教授认为，“语言对比研究是在人们使用语言进行交际的过程中自然而然地发展起来的”，“从理论上讲，任何两种存在差异的语言的相互接触，必然会带来语言间自觉或不自觉的?比较?或?对比?。”因此，在英语学习过程中，人们自然而然地会将英语和汉语进行比较。在文化全球化和中国文化走向世界的背景下，英汉语言文化的对比成了学术研究的一个热点。在英汉语言对比方面，专家学者发现，由于英语和汉语分属印欧语系和汉藏语系，两种语言在语言特征、思维模式、语音、书写、词汇、句法、语篇等层面都有各自显著的特征。

1.英汉思维模式的差异对比

季羡林先生认为，中西文化最根本的不同表现在思维模式方面，这是其他一切不同点的基础和来源。

【篇二：中西方语言文化的差异】

the difference culture of language between china and

america

中西方语言文化的差异

Ⅰ introduction:

because of the globalization ,we have more and more communicate with the other countries. language is the most important in communication. however, every countries have their own culture. so there must be some problem in it. sometimes we can not understan d each other, what ’s more we will have misunderstand. in this article, we will analyzes and compares with greeting, topic taboo, how to start a conversation and other respect of language culture difference and how to avoid this misunderstand.

Ⅱ different view on language

2.1 purpose of language

if you look at the relationship between thought and language, it should be said that it is consistent with the purposes of the west, however, because of the purpose of thought, it make them appear different, it is up to both sides to dao of different decisions. chinese culture of dao in ancient is same as greece logos. but it does not mean this is the same completely, on the contrary, they have obviously distinguish, it is not a supreme entity, but a natural process, in peoples daily life, and western dao is either a supreme entity, or is one of the most basic elements of nature or a personal god, and little is understood as a natural process. chinese language and discourse is not the will of god, and its real content, communication and saying that in order to reality, people with strong colors. in the west, the content language saying its not real life, but to god

2.2 way of language

although in western religious background is an act of god, but this does not deny the fact, people actually speak. in theology it is because of the need to examine how we can make religious doctrine better accepted by the muslims, which involved a number of specific issues, namely, manner of speech.

Ⅲthe different form chinese and american

3.1the difference of compliment in daily communication

3.1.1. how to answer the compliments

chinese peoples traditional virtues of modesty and prudence, compliments and praise of others should be refused.

in the treatment of praise and compliments, the reaction in the west is very different. westerners are praised if usually say thank you gladly accepted and thanked the chinese people are very different response. i have seen an example of : an american writer praise a chinese mother, superb cuisine,

chinese mothers modestly replied, where, where, do not, pay attention to the eat. writers translation is no, no, im not good at cooking, but perhaps you could make do with it. . the american friends are not familiar with chinese culture, confused until later writer explained to him, he can be understood in china, people hear the praise, not immediately embraced, but to show to a very modestly attitude, otherwise it is considered conceited and proud.

westerners are never too much humility, expressed thanks for the compliment, showing a self belief in yourself.

for example: you can speak very good french.

thank you.

its a wonderful dish!

i am glad you like it.

therefore, students should pay attention to when you speak english you never answered: no, i dont think so. this answer is not polite to westerners, even hypocritical.

3.2how to start a conversation

3.2.1first meeting

chinese lun-yu love to greet an acquaintance said: eat it? where to? to work for? and so on. in our view this is a polite greetings. if you talk like westerners greeting have you had your meal? where are you going? they will think that you would like to invite him to dinner or to interfere in their private affairs, be misleading. westerners to meet, often greeting: hello! how do you do! nice day, isnt it?

3.2.2visit patient

in the west, to help others, caring, compassion, how and to what extent is based on the extent of the receiving party is willing to accept

chinese would help busy is usually warm, in every possible way. for example: a chinese students in the united states saw an old professor stumble across busy roads, out of compassion, he came and took the old man, to send him to the past, but he got was a glare. consider the following dialogue:

chinese student: mr. white you are so pale, are you sick?

english teacher: well...yes. i have got a bad cold for several days.

chinese student: well, you should go to a clinic and see the doctor as soon as possible.

english teacher: er...what do you mean?

people go to see the doctor for the chinese proposals suffer from cold, expressed genuine concern. but americans dont understand, will think that his disease was so serious?, answer: im sorry to hear that. it is enough.

3.3 the topic conversation and topic taboo 3.3.1the topic of personal privacy and privacy aspects of the word

the topic of personal privacy and privacy aspects of the word, and the protection of privacy first produced in western countries, in english, is privacy, is that people do not want to inform the public of a private matter, circumstances or living conditions. in western culture, people for the privacy of the very different perceptions and attitudes. westerners

self-centered, but also attaches great importance to personal privacy, privacy is respected english proverb says, a mans home is his castle. (a

persons home is his castle. that home is sacrosanct for personal privacy, others can not interfere or referred to, but can not interfere in these personal matters generally include private business (personal affairs, private affairs (private business, private concerns (such as personal a matter of concern for example, asked such as age, marital status, salary, weight, religion and other topics of personal information, will be seen as interfering in anothers privacy, spying on other peoples private lives, is considered a violation of someone elses castle, such as:

how old are you?

whats your age?

how much do you make? whats your income? whats your religion?

in china, there is almost no privacy, and does not understand the wests view of privacy, it did not have a lot of privacy as westerners taboo on many topics related to personal circumstances, such as age, income, family status, marital status, etc. will often hear people ask how old, there is not married, how revenue this year, a similar problem. this is mainly because chinas large population, thousands of years most people live in rural areas, dense distribution of chinese culture as the main feature is the group of countries, more opportunities for contact between people, the natural thing to others will be more concerned about and help each other, mutual respect and mutual love. all men are brothers. &quo

t;a difficult one, p plus support reflects this concept of community, sometimes, what is the collective personal things, such as where to work or married you, the subtext is, if you work in need of help where there is a problem, i can help you, if not, i can help introduce you to an object. for chinese people, this is not only a way to chat, but also a friendly gesture.

westerners usually a hospital alone, do not care what others, if the west asked the similar question, is a violation of privacy was the performance of their culture to individualism, based on

a person is seen as more an independent entity.

3.3.2 the number of taboos chinese figures four, five and so on.

four and death euphony, the chinese people think it is unlucky, they will bring disaster, so now the general case, the license plate number of people in the

【篇三：英汉语言对比小论文】

班级：英语13级3班学号：2013060142 姓名：聂太莉

题目：英汉句型差异现象在英语写作中的表现

英汉语现象：

在我国的英语学习者中，汉语的负迁移是一个突出的问题学生英语作文中的语法错误比较容易纠正，而汉语负迁移造成的语病往往因其符合学生多年形成的母语思维模式而不易觉察不易纠正，写出的句子往往是套用汉语的思维方式句子模式。这一现象使很多学生，甚至是老师都很头疼。其主要差异则体现在英汉句子结构方面。

描写分析（比较对比）：

一、英语的树式结构与汉语的竹式结构的差异迁移表现。英语句子主干突出，其各种修饰语犹如树枝一般；而汉语的竹式结构则是由事情的先后顺序，或者是按照逻辑顺序进行交代，整个句子不会产生歧义。英汉句子差异在学生英语作文中主要体现为两种语病。首先，英语逗号连接句。逗号连接句是指用逗号把多个句子串联起来，使其表面上成为一个长句，学生英语作文中的常见语病如：my mother came in a hurry, left in a hurry, i didn’t know whether she didn’t notice me or she pretended she didn’t see me. 其次就是汉语竹

式句型结构在英语写作中出现，其原因是汉语句型结构的迁移。与逗号连接句相似，不同的是竹式结构句型有断句，并且大量使用简单句，除了使用and和but外很少使用其他的连词。例如：my teacher in primary school played an important role in my life. i will never forget her, and she loved her students like her own children.

二、英语主谓结构与汉语主题结构的差异表现。英语是主谓结构的语言，汉语的特征之一是主题结构突出。虽然英语中也存在相当一部分的主题句，但英语主题结构同汉语相比有所不同，其主要区别有：首先，英语主题结构都可以复原为svo词序，而汉语主题结构中相当一部分无法复原svo成词序其次，英语的主题结构在英语本族人的语感中有明显的非正常语序感，而汉语是注重主题的语言，汉语主题结构在汉族人的语感中，属于正常语序，使用频率高。

在英语作文中，中国学生汉语的主题突出特征迁移到英语中去，造成语病常见的有以下几种：即主题突出结构，句子成分缺失与不一致现象。1、学生的英语作文中常常有主题突出的现象，造成主语和谓语缺乏逻辑关系例如：to speak english well must be courageous and venturous on making mistakes.这是一个把汉语的主题混为英语句子主语的例子汉语说要说好英语必须大胆，不怕出错，处于主语位置的是主题，省略了主语，但英语作为讲究逻辑主谓关系的语言，所以这“to speak english well”就是一个病句不能作为主语，因为它不是“must be courageous”和“venturous on making mistakes”的逻辑主语。

2、汉语中允许主语谓语或宾语空缺，而英语中除了省略结构，不允许主谓宾语中的任何一个成分空缺，学生在英语作文中常常出现句子成分缺失的现象，例如：---do you like the novel? ---yes, like.该句的回答中，主语和宾语空缺，主语不可缺少；且like属于及物动词，其后的宾语亦不可省略。

3、不一致现象。这里不一致的现象大体分为两种：主谓不一致及主语和外位修饰语的不一致例如：he work from morning till night.

该例就是应为学生受汉语的影响，而在英语写作中没有进行第三人称单数的转换，与此类似的错误还有动词时态的使用错误等。at the age of six, he father die of cancer.汉语在不至于引起歧义的前提下，外位修饰语与主语之间不一定保持严格的逻辑关系，因此这句话也可以这样说“六岁时，他父亲死于癌症”，但英语主谓结构的特点则要求严格的一致关系，否则就会产生歧义，而学生对于此类错误常常忽略。

解释（原因）：英汉不同的句子结构，源于不同的语法结构、不同的文化背景、不同的思维方式。英语要求结构严谨，重形合；而汉语句子结构松散，重意合。而母语迁移现象又常常出现在学生的英语写作中，因此在文章中避免不了地会出现语法错误。

结论：通过对比英汉句子结构的差异，让我明白了，在写作中要严格按照英语语法进行写作，同时要以英语为母语的人的思维方式进行思考。切不可再以汉语的句型进行写作。

基础英文作文(中英饮食差异)

The Diet and Eating Habits of UK and China In those two old countries UK and China, the diet and eating habits have some differences and similarities. Eating habits is one of the most important elements in a country’s culture. So comparing the difference between UK and China’s eating habits will help us forward to learn about the culture of two countries. Although the two countries are far a port, both of UK and China also have a number of similarities. Traditionally, both countries have three meals in one day. It is a large coincidence that the two countries make the lunch become the most simply meal in modern society. The dinner very lucky has set the seat of biggest meal because it has long free times. Fast food is very popular in both countries. If you ask the two countries’children that this discourse will be proved. This fact is also a problem in those two different countries. For example, if you only have a little time to enjoy your lunch, may be you have to select fast food. The facts explained that no matter tradition or modern, countries’ eating habits always have several similarities. Because of different location, climate, history and custom, eating habits are decided have a big different between those two countries. Firstly, the UK belongs to west Europe in the Atlantic Ocean. It has made British people eat

全球化的英语作文

Globalization and Internet （全球化/Internet） The drawing vividly unfolds …(Describe the picture描述图画) This phenomenon which this picture points out is one of numerous international phenomena to have become common and already attracted broad attention in the world in recent years. Globalization/Internet, in brief, makes the whole world a small village. Globalization/Internet offers extensive opportunities for every country in the world to develop their economy, improve their regime, enrich their culture, update their technology and so forth, but globalization/Internet is a two-edged sword: it can bring both benefit and harm. (Present state/situation现象描述+ /Meaning含义) 这幅图画指出的这个现象是近几年在世界上众多已经变得普遍并且已经引起了广泛关注的国际/世界现象之一。全球化/Internet，简言之，就是使整个世界变成一个小村子。全球化/Internet给予了这个世界上的每一个国家广泛的机会去发展它们的经济、改善它们的政体、丰富它们的文化、更新它们的技术等等，但全球化/Internet是一把两刃剑：既有利的一面，也有害的一面。 We must first understand the nature of the problem. On the one hand, globalization/Internet offers extensive opportunities for every country in the world. On the other hand, One of the most controversial aspects of globalization/Internet is the global spread and dominance of American culture. 我们必须先要理解这个问题的本质。一方面，全球化/Internet为这个世界上的每一个国家提供了广阔的机会。另一方面，全球化/Internet最具有争议的其中一个方面是认为全球化就是美国文化的全球扩张和一统天下。 I have some suggestions about dealing with this problem. First and foremost, Globalization/Internet can bring benefit. In the past twenty years, in the process of globalization and explosive development of the Internet, China has brought about rapid economic growth, sustained social progress and continuous betterment of people's living standard, so we should accept. Secondly, it can also bring harm. China has been experiencing the collapse of own traditional virtue in the process.

中西文化差异比较英文

T h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n c h i n e s e a n d w e s t e r n c u l t u r e With the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are listed as follows. First of all, the way of eating. All huaman beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive. This is the physioligical need. All individuals must eat in order to survive. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. No society views everything in its environment that is edible and might provide nurishment as food. Americans eat oysters but not snail. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russiand eat beef but not snake. We all have ideas about what kinds of food are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of food are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the food that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. Dislike is not the only reason why some culture will not eat a certain food. In some clture, certain foods are taboo. Sometimes the food taboos may be so strong thrat just the thought of eating forbidden foods can cause an indivdual to feel ill. We can also find culture difference in way of bring up children treating the early, greeting each other, saying and spending money before other people do in everyday, but in some English-speaking countries, people do not agree with us. We chinese may enjoy something that is not usually consider as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we perfer to have thing hot and much emphasis on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the

中英教育差异英语作文

The similarities and differences between British and Chinese education China has a long history in of education. The education system is being consummated gradually，While The Great Britain is the typical r epresentative of western educator, who owns more advanced education system . 第一段，就是开头，无实质性内容 No matter the education in the UK or in the china , education is the process through schools, colleges, universities, and other institutions, deliberately transmits its cultural heritage—its accumulated knowledge, values, and skills--from one generation to another. And the purpose of school is to provide children with literacy and other basic skills which they will need to become active members of society and build their future . 第二段，就是The similarities,但我也不知道该写什么，就差不多写的算是教育的本质概念吧，你说：“ 特别是第二段一会儿讲中国好一会儿讲英国好。最好能分不同方面讲，比如：从学生基础知识方面，学生实践能力方面分析。或者从优缺点两方面讲，第一段讲中英教育分别有的有点第二段讲中英教育的缺点。。这样文章更清晰一些。” 我觉得你是在说第三段吧， However there are tremendous differences about in education between United Kingdom and China. There are a number of phenomena to illustrate it. For example ,in China, students have to spend almost all their time on studying t heir major courses such as English, math, biology, geography and so on, which is boring. English, math, biology, geography and so on that are boring as their major courses W hile students in the UK are taught music, art and so on and they spend much free time on what they are interested in in the UK.；Morever, Teachers and students would like to be the friends in the UK. They enjoy discussing and solving questions in class .On the contrary in China teachers are over-strict.And Students are quiet and absolutely taught in class .；However the most attractive point in Chinese education system is that Chinese people emphasize the traditional knowledge, which makes the students have a solid foundation. While the western students learn slowly.

经济全球化英语作文

经济全球化英语作文 Prepared on 22 November 2020

This phenomenon of economic globalization is one of numerous international phenomena which has become common and already attracted broad attention in the world in recent years. Econo mic globalization, in brief, makes the whole world a smaller village. Economic globalization offer s abundant opportunities for every country in this world to develop their economy, enrich their culture,improve their regime, update their technology and so on, but of course it is a two-edge d s w o r d:i t c a n b r i n g b o t h b e n e f i t a n d h a r m. It is important that we must understand the nature of the problem. On the one hand,economic globalization offers a mass of opportunities for every country . On the other hand, One of the most controversial aspects is that there are many people think the America can dominance th e global economy. I have some suggestions to deal with this problem. As we all know, economic globalization can bring benefit to everyone. In the past twenty years, in the rapid process of economic globalizati on and explosive development of the Internet, China has brought about rapider economic grow th, social progress and so on, so we should accept economic globalization. Secondly, in the proce ss of explosive development of economic globalization, China has been experiencing the disintegration of the traditi onal should keep our own basic principles into the economic globalization to get more benefit.

小学三年级英语作文优秀范文

小学三年级英语作文优秀范文篇一 I ha*e a lot of friends, but I ha*e only a few good friends. One of them is my best friend. We are both twel*e years old. He is fat and tall. He likes to eat oranges and meat. He is *ery straight and generous. We always help each other. He is a nice boy and his math is *ery good. He likes to play football and basketball. I enjoy playing with him because I can learn a lot from him. He can always come up with smart answers to those difficult questions. We usually play together after school in the afternoon. He is *ery funny and sometimes he tells me some interesting stories but sometimes he sets me up. After all we get along well. But sometimes we fight each other. His goal is to be a math teacher. He li*es in LinShan and I li*e in Xiangshan. But we are good friends. 篇二 I am so happy! I ha*e a new friend. Her name is Angel. What a nice name! She’s 15 years old. She li*es in Guangzhou. She’s tall and thin. She has long hair. She likes reading books. She studies hard.

英语作文模板

Along with the advance of the society more and mo re problems are brought to our attention, one of w hich is that.... 随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。 As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, howe ver, people take different attitudes. 然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。(Hold differe nt attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitu des 有不同的看法) As society develops, people are attaching much importance to.... 随着社会的发展，人们开始关注............ People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting 求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。 As to whether it is worthwhile ....., there is a lo ng-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have di vergent attitudes towards it. 关于是否值得___________的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。

中西节日文化差异英文

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