中英饮食文化差异(中英双语)
Cultural differences between Chinese and Western food
中西方饮食文化的差异
The ancients say: In the development of human society, the national diet also gradually formed its own unique culture. Different regions, different eating habits in different diet contributed to the different diet culture. The differences between Chinese culture and western diet culture created the difference, the difference between different from the way of thinking and philosophy. "Nature and humanity" to the Chinese and western "people-oriented". From the following five aspects are here to talk about the western diet culture differences.
.古人云：民以食为天。在人类社会的发展中，各国的饮食也逐渐形成了自己独特的文化。不同的地区有着不同的饮食习惯，不同的饮食习惯造就了不同的饮食文化。中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。这里简要从下面五个方面谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。
A, Chinese and western culture中西饮食文化
(a) the Chinese diet culture中国的饮食文化
China has a history of more than 5000 years, formed the can
Bad rich and profound Chinese culture. Chinese note
Heavy "unity". The Chinese diet with food, with things. Ideographic
Feeling. The Chinese diet culture surprising, reward
Heart pleasing to the eye. This is pleasing to the eye, refers to the activities of the Chinese diet
The content and means to perfect and unified, caused by people
The aesthetic pleasure and mental enjoyment.
中国有着五千多年的历史，形成了灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化。中国人注重“天人合一”。中国饮食以食表意，以物传情。中国的饮食文化令人拍案叫绝，赏心悦目。这种悦目，是指中国饮食活动形成与内容的完美统一，是指给人们所带来的审美愉悦和精神享受。
China's traditional diet has four features: 中国的传统饮食有四大特点：1 heavy food: the ancients had "saying"
Said. Meet often ask "ate no", the diet culture
Status. To have friends clutch, and people are used
On the table and welcome the farewell party express mood. emotional The storm, people often borrow tables. This is the drink
Feed on social psychological activity adjustment function.
1．重食：古人就有“民以食为天”之说。见面常问“吃了没有”，可见饮食文化的地位。朋友离合，送往迎来，人们都习惯在饭桌上表达惜别和欢迎的心情。感情上的风波，人们也往往借酒菜平息。这是饮食活动对社会心理的调节功能。
2 "grain weight raises:" keep "six dirty," diet
Attention human health care. The Chinese diet attention to various
The collocation of food, such XiangShengXiangKe cournties, Yin
Yang formula rational knowledge instruction cooking.
2．重养：以“五谷”养“六脏”，饮食中重视人体养生保健。中国的饮食注意各种食物的搭配，以相生相克、相辅相成等阴阳调和之理性认识指导烹饪。
3 heavy flavour: Chinese food is the most attention to the food's Flavour, exquisite "color, aroma, taste and appearance". Dr. Sun yat-sen "Don't taste, divides the cooking of bad", aesthetic
The first meaning for cooking.
3．重味：中国的饮食最注重食物的味，讲究“色、香、味、型”。孙中山先生讲“辩味不精，则烹调之述不妙”，将审美视作烹调的第一要义。
4 weighs about the emotional activities: diet
And a guide and promote the grade. China
Advocate healthy diet culture, graceful upwards
Attune, the pursuit of a noble sentiment.
4．重理：对于饮食活动中的情感文化，有个引导和提升品位的问题。中国的饮食提倡健康优美、奋发向上的文化情调，追求一种高尚的情操。
(2) the diet culture in western countries西方国家的饮食文化
The main characteristic is western-style food: one is born. If
Steak with bloodshot, 2 is cold, who drinks like ice
Block, Three is sweet, sweet, eat not eat not sweet. Besides the
Type, fine food, fast and convenient, also don't
Luxury, more popular.
西式餐饮的主要特点是：一是生．如牛排带血丝；二是冷，如凡是饮料都加冰块；三是甜，无甜不餐，无餐不甜。此外西式餐饮不讲究精细，追求快捷方便，也不奢华，比较大众化。
Besides western-style still following features: 此外西餐还有以下显著特点：
1 the importance of nutrition ingredient combinations, root
According to various human nutrition (carbohydrate, fat, protein, dimension
Raw meat) and heat to arrange the demand and processing cooking. 1．重视各类营养成分的搭配组合，根据人体对各种营养(糖类、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素)和热量的需求来安排菜或加工烹调。
2 fine materials, materials. In western cuisine
When the material is very delicate, elegant, and the material is very wide Pan. If American cuisine dishes or rice production common fruit, Sweet; carry salty, Italian food will be made of pasta
Into strips and various dishes: can be made to spend noodles, and beauty Flavor table delicacies.
2．选料精细，用料广泛。西餐烹饪在选料时十分精细、考究，而且
选料十分广泛。如美国菜常用水果制作菜肴或饭点，咸里带甜；意大利菜则会将各类面食制作成菜肴：各种面片、面条、面花都能制成美味的席上佳肴。
3 exquisite taste seasoning, variety. West polonium is cooking
Different from the dressing mostly Chinese, such as sour cream, guangxi Leaf, lemon, etc are common spices.
3．讲究调味，调味品种多。西镤烹调的调味品大多不同于中餐，如酸奶油、桂叶、柠檬等都是常用的调味品。
4 notice colour and lustre. The collocation of colour and lustre is in pay Contrast, lively, bright color, can stimulate appetite.
4．注重色泽。在色泽的搭配上则讲究对比、明快，因而色泽鲜艳，能刺激食欲。
5, cooking method variety. Western ten
Points to process, pay attention to scientific and programmed, work Sequence. Western food cooking methods, many are
Fried, stewed, baking, frying, braised, fans, fume, grilled etc,
One grilled, bake, most fans. 5．工艺严谨，烹调方法多样。西餐十分注重工艺流程，讲究科学化、程序化，工序严谨。西餐的烹调方法很多，常用的有煎、烩、烤、焖、煽、炸、熏、铁扒等十几种，其中铁扒、烤、煽最具特色。
6 vessels. Cook the cooker and tableware are there
Different from Chinese characteristics. Especially the tableware, except
porcelain
Product, crystal, glass and metal cutlery was
Large proportion. 6．器皿讲究。烹调的炊具与餐具均有不同于中餐的特点。特别是餐具，除瓷制品外，水晶、玻璃及各类金属制餐具占很大比重。
Second, the western diet reasons for the differences二、中西方饮食产生差异的原因
(a) the western diet culture origin(一)中西方饮食文化的渊源Chinese traditional culture in the social development and thought,
The differences in life custom, etc, the west diet
Cultural differences.
中西方在社会发展、传统文化思想、生活习俗等方面的差异，造就了中西饮食文化的差异。
1 China traditional culture. By early Chinese culture
Richard environment restraint greatly. China is located in the Asian continent
In the vast desert northwest is, grassland and
Wall is boundless, southeast of the sea. The Chinese culture
The Yellow River bed - but is fertile land and air
Syndrome is poor condition. Although the pre-qin henda, phase
Each paper discusses this quite openly, pure, but to run, the purpose is
To establish an ideal world without struggle. China,
The other two also has the characteristic is applicable and pursuit
Love characteristics. In pursuit of all applicable
Technology is developed, such as the agricultural science and technology and medical ten distribution
Da. Love is the core of Confucius' thought "loving is love
"Surface, traditional to China culture influences. 1．中国传统文化。早期中国文化受地理环境的制约很大。中国位于亚洲大陆的东南部，西北面是茫茫的沙漠、草原和戈壁，东南则是茫茫的大海。中国文化的温床——黄河流域，土地比较肥沃，但是气候条件比较恶劣。尽管先秦诸子百家，相互诘难，殚精竭力，却殊途同归，目的都是要建立一个没有争斗的理想世界。中国文化还具有另外的两大特征是追求适用和仁爱特征。追求适用表现在所有的实用的技术十分发达，如农业科技和医学十分发达。仁爱是由孔子思想的核心是“仁者爱人”表面出来，对中国传统文化影响深远。
2. Of western culture. The western culture refers to the generalized yield Born in western and eastern culture corresponding culture Department. The western culture is narrow only refers to the European culture. she
The source of the Aegean sea in the northeast. Because this
The birthplace of civilization in the natural life provided
Material is not so abundant, people must strive to explore nature
The mystery. Therefore, exploring the nature and mystery
Using natural resource service humanity became European spirit
The mainstream. Conquer the nature, training in scientific consciousness Cheng, westerners pay special attention to the development of rational thinking, Richard
Sex became typical features of western culture. At the same time
Natural process, people will continue to know yourself. west
Another major features FangWenHua by individuals is for
Social standard and self-centered, pay attention to the personality
Yan. All boundaries between interests, each one has
Every man's life space, non-interference in each other. 2．西方文化。广义的西方文化是指产生于西半球与东方文化相对应的文化体系。狭义的西方文化即仅指欧洲文化。她的源头在地中海东北部的爱琴海。由于这种文明的发源地里所提供的天然生活资料不是那么充裕，人们必须努力探索自然的奥秘。因此探索自然界的奥秘，开发和利用自然资源服务人类就成了欧洲精神的主流。在征服自然、培养科学意识的过程中，西方人特别重视发展理性思维，理性成了西方文化的典型特征。同时在认识自然的过程中，人也不断地认识自己。西方文化的另一个主要特征就是以个人为社会本位，以自我为中心，注重人格的尊严。众人之间利益界限划分明显，各人有各人的生活空间，互不干涉。(2) things cultural differences affect diet(二)东西文化差异影响饮食差异
People in food diet idea is making and eating
In the process of the idea, by the natural sciences,
The humanities, especially the influence of philosophy. Different philosophy
Ideological and cultural spirit and way of thinking
Will produce the different diet idea. The Chinese diet conception
Is the food tastes, western concept is character
Out. This is mainly due to the different between China and western countries
Philosophy and thus form the cultural spirit and thinking
Mode.
饮食观念是人们在食物的制作和食用过程中所形成的观念，深受自然科学、人文科学尤其是哲学的影响。不同的哲学思想及由此形成的文化精神和思维方式将产生不同的饮食观念。中国的饮食观念是五味调和，西方的饮食观念是个性突出。这主要是由于中国和西方国家不同的哲学思想及因此形成的文化精神和思维方式而产生的。
First, from philosophy, Chinese philosophy
One important core is exquisite "gas" and "without phase
"; the western philosophy is exquisite and vanity
Separation and opposites.
首先，从哲学思想看，中国哲学思想的一个重要核心是讲究“气”与“有无相生”；西方哲学思想则讲究实体与虚空的分离与对立。Secondly, from the cultural spirit and the way of thinking,
Based on the philosophy of western culture, spirit and
Thinking mode is not the same: China and exquisite
Overall, emphasizes functional, Western exquisite and separation, strong Adjustable structure.
Two hundred -- -- factory
Mouth subtends enterprise!
其次，从文化精神和思维方式来看，基于哲学思想的不同，中西的文化精神和思维模式也大不相同：中国讲究天人合一，强调整体功能；西方讲究天人分离，强调形式结构。
Third, in recognition of the thinking mode, by
In the universe, the different modes of China emphasizes the whole function,
Western emphasizes formal structure. China's overall function is bag With the function of the unknown part. Its overall properties
On the whole the gas is revealed in all parts. Perfusion
The results of the physical structure, each part is relatively minor
And the whole perfusion during this entity structure of "gas"
Is the most important.
第三，在认识事物的思维方式上，由于宇宙模式的不同，中国强调整体功能，西方强调形式结构。中国的整体功能是包含了未知部分的整
体功能。它的整体性质的显现是靠整体之气灌注于各部分之中的结果，各部分的实体结构是相对次要的，而整体灌注在这一实体结构中的“气”才是最重要的。
In Chinese, only different things
Up to form beauty, then life harmony,
Cooking on and beauty. Westerners to form the structure
Adjustable also directly from the universe mode. The western eye
The world is a world of the entity, the entity
Body, and the precision is form.
在中国人看来，只有不同的东西综合起来才能形成美，于是生活中以和为贵，烹饪上以和为美。西方人对形式结构的强调也直接源于其宇宙模式。西方人眼中的世界是一个实体的世界，对实体世界的具体化、精确化就是形式。
Third, the western diet conception三、中西方饮食观念的差异
The west is a kind of rational diet conception, regardless of food
The color, fragrance, taste, shape, and strive to taste bland and food
The equilibrium. Westerners believe that eating is a hand
Section, and enjoy the diet is important position,
So won't excessively pursuit of taste. For cooking food
And the starting point and nutritional is their destination.
Their research and development efforts in different foods
The nutritional difference, even, also must taste waking
Want to eat, because the nutrition. In the table, can
With exquisite tableware, exquisite material, exquisite service, exquisite cuisine
The raw material of shape, color, the collocation of aspects, But no matter how
Luxury high-grade, only one kind of taste, without art,
As the food is chicken steaks, chicken steaks, though, is
There is tie-in, the dish in, on the colour
Bright, but in than in each phase of raw material on the taste
The dry. Each is different, simple and clear.
However, the Chinese are a sensible diet
Read. Chinese food very much ". People have to eat
To develop acme, not only survive, also used it to maintain
Health, namely "than the supplements;" Meanwhile people for beauty The tireless pursuit of taste. But delicious
Born in, make BenWei food, after heating
The ripe smell, plus the ingredients and accessories, and spices
The children of flavour, combine together, make coordination
Mutual complement, mutual penetration. In China, the diet
Culture, "flavour" pursuit for "nutrition" than
The pursuit of beauty, diet. Apparently overwhelmed pursuit
Sex - from table variety of dishes will not
Difficult to see. This value concept formed between Chinese food
Too much notice food color, fragrance, taste, while the westerners Throughout persisted from nutrition is Angle, contempt
Other functions of food.
西方是一种理性饮食观念，不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，力求口味清淡和膳食的均衡。西方人认为饮食只是一种手段，因而享受在饮食中并不占重要位置，故而不会过分地追求口味。对于烹饪食物，营养性就是他们的出发点和目的地。他们全力开发和研究食物在不同状态下的营养差异，即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去——因为有营养。在宴席上，可以讲究餐具，讲究用料，讲究服务，讲究菜
之原料的形、色，方面的搭配；但不管怎么豪华高档，菜只有一种味道，无艺术可言，作为菜肴，鸡就是鸡，牛排就是牛排，纵然有搭配，那也是在盘中进行的，色彩上对比内鲜明，但在滋味上各种原料互不相干，调和。各是各的味，简单明了。然而，中国人却是一种感性饮食观念。中国人很重视“吃”。人们把吃的功能发挥到极致，不仅维持生存，还用它维持健康，即“药补不如食补”；同时人们对美味展开了孜孜不倦的追求。而美味的产生，在于调和，要使食物的本味，加热以后的熟味，加上配料和辅料的味，以及调料的调和之味，交织融合协调在一起，使之互相补充，互助渗透。可见，在中国的饮食文化中，对“味”的追求往往大于对“营养”的追求，饮食的美性追求显然压倒了理性——从餐桌上各式各样的菜色中就不难看出。这种价值理念的差别形成了中餐过分注重饭菜色、香、味的特点，而西方人则自始
至终坚持着从营养角度出发，轻视饭菜的其他功能。
Four, the western diet differences四、中西方饮食方式的差异
(a) sat forms of differences(一)就坐形式的差异
In the American diet is very different, this way
Difference of national character may also be affected. In China's feast Mat, everybody, sharing a circle round table. With round table
Table, it is in the form of a unity, polite,
The atmosphere of interest. The people, make a toast, advised
Food, beautiful things in front, reflected between people
Mutual respect, the comity of virtue. Although the Angle from health
J management observation, February 2009
See, this way has obvious deficiency, but
It meets our national "happy".
The banquet catering western-style, is the core of companionship, Through the conversation between the guest and the neighbour, achieve companionship
Purpose. If the party's companionship and dance similarities
Ratio. Then say, Chinese style banquets like ballroom dancing,
But men and women are like banquet of dancing. thus
Visible, Chinese and western dinner party companionship
Obviously, only Chinese style of party reflected morely
At the feast, and banquet more fellowship in phase
The neighbors asked guests fellowship. And the way of the Chinese diet The difference is more obvious of popular western buffet.
You need not fixed in the table, eat,
About freedom, this way for individuals
Feeling, not all will communicate the word, also
In the west of self respect individuality,. but
The dinner, the lack of mutual interfered some Chinese
Chat. Jihs huan
中美方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国的宴席，大家团团围坐，共享一席。筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。人们相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人们之间相互尊重、礼让的美德。虽然从卫生的角度J 管理观察·2009年2月看，这种饮食方式有明显的不足之处，但它符合我们民族“大团圆”的普遍心态。西式饮宴上，宴会的核心在于交谊，通过与邻座客人之间的交谈，达到交谊的目的。如果将宴会的交谊性与舞蹈相类比。那么可以说，中式宴席好比是集体舞，而西式宴会好比是男女的交谊舞。由此可见，中式宴会和西式宴会交谊的目的部很明显，只不过中式宴会更多地体现在全席的交谊，而西式宴会多体现于相邻宾客之问的交谊。与中国饮食方式的差异更为明显的是西方流行的自助餐。大家各取所需，不必固定在位
子上吃，走动自由，这种方式便于个人之间的情感交流，不必将所有的话摆在桌面上，也表现了西方人对个性、对自我的尊重。但各吃各的，互不相扰，缺少了一些中国人聊欢共乐的情调。
(2) the differences in eating tools用餐工具的差异
Chinese use chopsticks, dining, eat
A bowl with rice bowls, While the westerners are dish, with food
Dao is cut eat, drink soup spoon is special. The knife
The origin and early European ancient nomads habits
They live close to carry knives, often cooked meat,
Cut down to eat. Chinese early in the spring and autumn and warring states period
Using chopsticks. Chopsticks is the human finger
Stretch, finger can do it almost all can do, and fear
Heat and cold. Chinese use chopsticks to replace table knife
Fork, reflected in a culture hero scholar than the advantage
Western savage warriors. A pair of chopsticks and ~ ~ ~ zhang to taste Mouth is made with Chinese characteristics, abound the diet culture.
中国人用餐使用的是筷子，汤匙，吃饭用碗盛；而西方人则是盘子盛食物，用刀即切即吃，喝汤则有专门的汤匙。刀的最初起源和欧洲古代游牧民族的生活习惯有关，他们马上生活随身带刀，往往将肉烧熟，割下来就吃。中国人早在春秋战国时期就开始使用筷子。筷子可说是人类手指的延伸，手指能做的事它几乎都能做，而且不怕高温与寒冷。
中国以筷子取代餐桌上的刀叉，反映了学者以文化英雄的优势胜过了西方的野蛮武士。～双筷子和～张要滋味的嘴巴造就了富于中国特色的饮食文化。
(3) dining way就餐方式的差异
Usually a Chinese dinner is a meal
"Sharing" the way, Shared a table, sharing the table
The dishes, often a dish, just in the master Yin
Hello, they frequently collaborate together. "
In the end, the bill is to pay. all
To emphasize the outstanding is a "close" word.
By the influence of individualism thought, westerners please
The habit of eating guest is an a person, and each object
Since some of their own food, need not consider others taste and 1 Preferences, meals and eat their dinner, pay Also often take AA system, each one pays the bill
通常中国人请客吃饭采取的是一种“共享”的方式，大家共享一席，共享桌上的菜肴，往往一道菜刚上桌，在主人的殷勤招呼下，众人通力合作，共同“消灭”盘中之物，最后结账也是争相付钱。一切行为都强调突出的是一个“合”字。而受个人主义思想的影响，西方人请客吃饭的习惯是每人一份，且主客双方各自点自己的饭菜，不必考虑他人的1：3味和喜好，用餐时也只吃自己的盘中餐，付钱也往往采取AA 制，各人自付各人账。
Five, Chinese and western restaurants object variances五、中西餐饮对象差异
(a) catering object variances(一)餐饮对象差异
Westerners believe that food is to eat, so special
Big meat, chicken block "food". But Chinese dishes
"Eat flavour", so the Chinese cooking in the material also A great many westerners as arbitrary outcast
In China, is a good raw material, foreign chef
Unable to handle things, to a Chinese chef hands, just
Can decayed for magical. Chinese food in reading materials Aspect of the arbitrary.
西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”。而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的，所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性：许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。
According to the investigation of the western, Chinese scholars plants
The plants are more than 600 many western six times. actual In Chinese, the dishes, vegetarian food is ordinary, Volunteers only during the holiday or higher living standards,
Enter the normal diet, so has he
Food, "said, dish in normal diet of god
Guiding status. Chinese food in plants, and Buddhism
ACTS of thousands of advocating a wire connection. Million, They move
For a "living", and "spirit" is, therefore, some
Chinese advocates vegetarianism.
据西方的植物学者的调查，中国人吃的菜蔬有600多种，比西方多六倍。实际上，在中国人的菜肴里，素菜是平常食品，荤菜只有在节假目或生活水平较高时，才进入平常的饮食结构，所以自古便菜食”之说，菜食在平常的饮食结构中占主导地位。中国人的以植物为主菜，与佛教徒的鼓吹有着千缕万丝的联系。他们视动物为“生灵”，而植物则“无灵”，所以，有些中国人主张素食主义。
Westerners in their countries diet is introduced
In China, more than when the reasonable nutrition value is tie-in,
The food industry has developed, such as fast, canned, Although taste, but saves time machine-made, and nutrition So small. Someone according to the western diet object obvious difference
This is a different characteristics, the Chinese character, the west is called plants
Fang called animal character.
西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时，觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配，有较为发达的食品工业，如罐头、快餐等，虽口味千篇一律，但节省时间，且营养良好小。有人根据中西方饮食对象的明显差异这一特点，把中国人称为植物性格，西方人称为动物性格。
(2) three meals a day diet一日三餐的饮食差异
Chinese food is usually eat breakfast should be Man
First, DouBao, porridge, etc., and appropriately increase some protein
Qualitative rich foods, such as soybean milk, eggs, match again with a
Small dishes. Lunch is usually in rice, noodles food
In an arbitrary choice. Types of food is very extensive, such as:
Meat, eggs, milk, poultry and seafood and vegetables, bean Etc. Dinner in the family meals were the only people together Enjoy the meal, tianlun everybody cook very rich. but Chinese is not eat supper, and one day as the habit
Follow the three meals a day habit.
中国人的早餐是以主食一般应吃馒头、豆包、稀饭等，还要适当增加些含蛋白质丰富的食物，如豆浆、鸡蛋等，再配以一些小菜。午餐一般主食就是在米饭、面制
中西方饮食文化差异比较
中西方饮食文化差异比较 古人云：民以食为天。在人类社会的发展中，各国的饮食也逐渐形成了自己独特的文化。不同的地区有着不同的饮食习惯，不同的饮食习惯造就了不同的饮食文化。 （一）中国的饮食文化 中国有着五千多年的历史，形成了灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化。中国人注重“天人合一”。中国饮食以食表意，以物传情。中国的饮食文化令人拍案叫绝，赏心悦目。 中国的传统饮食有四大特点： 1.重食：古人就有“民以食为天”之说。见面常问“吃了没有”，可见饮食文化的地位。朋友离合，送往迎来，人们都习惯在饭桌上表达惜别和欢迎的心情。感情上的风波，人们也往往借酒菜平息。这是饮食活动对社会心理的调节功能。 2.重养：以“五谷”养“六脏”，饮食中重视人体养生保健。中国的饮食注意各种食物的搭配，以相生相克、相辅相成等阴阳调和之理性认识指导烹饪。 3.重味：中国的饮食最注重食物的味，讲究“色、香、味、型”。孙中山先生讲“辩味不精，则烹调之述不妙”，将审美视作烹调的第一要义。 4.重理：对于饮食活动中的情感文化，有个引导和提升品位的问题。中国的饮食提倡健康优美、奋发向上的文化情调，追求一种高尚的情操。 （二）西方国家的饮食文化
西式餐饮的主要特点是：一是生,如牛排带血丝；二是冷,如凡是饮料都加冰块；三是甜，无甜不餐，无餐不甜。此外西式餐饮不讲究精细，追求快捷方便，也不奢华，比较大众化。 此外西餐还有以下显著特点： 1.重视各类营养成分的搭配组合，根据人体对各种营养（糖类、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素）和热量的需求来安排菜或加工烹调。 2.选料精细，用料广泛。西餐烹饪在选料时十分精细、考究，而且选料十分广泛。如美国菜常用水果制作菜肴或饭点，咸里带甜；意大利菜则会将各类面食制作成菜肴：各种面片、面条、面花都能制成美味的席上佳肴。 3.讲究调味，调味品种多。西餐烹调的调味品大多不同于中餐，如酸奶油、桂叶、柠檬等都是常用的调味品。 4.注重色泽。在色泽的搭配上则讲究对比、明快，因而色泽鲜艳，能刺激食欲。 5.工艺严谨，烹调方法多样。西餐十分注重工艺流程，讲究科学化、程序化，工序严谨。西餐的烹调方法很多，常用的有煎、烩、烤、焖、焗、炸、熏、铁扒等十几种，其中铁扒、烤、焗最具特色。 6.器皿讲究。烹调的炊具与餐具均有不同于中餐的特点。特别是餐具，除瓷制品外，水晶、玻璃及各类金属制餐具占很大比重。 二、中西方饮食方式的差异 （一）就坐形式的差异中西方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。
中国饮食文化英文介绍
Chinese Food Culture 1.Characteristics of cuisines in southern part of China Chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, but the most influential and typical known by the public are the 'Eight Cuisines'. These are as follows: Shandong Cuisine, Guangdong Cuisine, Sichuan Cuisine, Hunan Cuisine, Jiangsu Cuisine, Zhejiang Cuisine, Fujian Cuisine and Anhui Cuisine. We have roughly separated Chinese cuisine into two genres. They are Cuisines of the north part and the southern part. Cuisines of the southern part of China are really featured. They have various differences with northern cuisine. Firstly, abundant rain drops and sunlight in South China provide favorable conditions for the growth of millet and rice. Compared with people in North China who have to spend much time in cold weather, people in South China are less preferable to meat diet, which contains lots of fat and protein. Southern Chinese prefer plant diet quite a lot. Many people are accustomed to drink soup both before and after the meal. Guangdong Soup(老火靓汤) Secondly, South China is one of the most developed areas in China. It welcomes people from the entire world. As a result, Southern Cuisine, especially Guangdong Cuisine, emphasizes a flavor which is clear but not light, refreshing but not common, tender but not crude. Thirdly,People in South China tend to be more careful and sensitive than northern people. As a result, their dishes as well as appearance are really cute and attractive. Just like dim sum(点心), which means “touch the heart”, is one of the most famous Cantonese meal. It consists of a variety of delicacies and is usually served for breakfast or dinner. Spicy-hot Fish麻辣鱼Mapo Tofu (Stir-Fried Tofu in Hot Sauce)麻婆豆腐Pork Rips排骨)Penaeus orientalis对虾 2.Characteristics of cuisines in northern part of China Cuisines of the north part of China have several characteristics. people in the north tend to eat cooked wheaten food. Or in other words, people eat more food made of flour. This is because the climate here is temperate continental climate, which means there are less rain drops and sunlight. And this climate provides favorable conditions for the growth of wheat. First,When it comes to cooked wheaten food, there is a place many people are familiar with. That is Shanxi(山西). As the saying goes, “east or west, Shanxi cooked wheaten food is best”. Shanxi is famous for its diverse and delicious cooked wheaten food. With a history of 2000years, Shanxi cooked wheaten food is gaining more and more popularity at home and even abroad. Cooked wheaten food in Shanxi,there are round 280 kinds of cooked wheaten food, among which the sliced noodles is the most renowned one. Apart from the sliced noodles刀削面, boiled food also includes hand-pulled noodles拉面, He lao饸饹）Tijian,剔尖Maoerduo猫耳朵, Jiupian(揪片) ，which are all delicious and tasty. As for the cooked food, it includes fried cake(炸糕)、Yi wo su(一窝酥)、fried dough twist （麻花）,Shuai bing(甩饼) and so on. Other steamed wheaten food includes steamed bun、You mian kao lao（莜面栲栳）、Gao liang mian yu（高粱面鱼）. Second, food in the north is often more salty and greasy than that in the south.
中西方饮食文化差异(中英对照)
Differences between Chinese and Western diet culture Can you imagine the difference between the Western diet culture and the Chinese diet culture？First of all, I will introduce the general characteristics of Western diet culture. Western diet history Italy cuisine is the originator of the Western diet culture, French cuisine is the Western diet culture king, American food is the Western diet culture upstart. Western food making skills In the production of the Western diet, they love the pursuit of perfection, but also attach importance to cooperation with a delicacy. Western diet varieties The famous dishes are Italy, French, American, German, Russian, etc. famous drinks include wine, coffee and black tea. Do you know,why there are so many differences between Chinese and Western diet culture ?just like the menu,western diet is very tidy and serious,but the Chinese is multifarious. Now, you have known the difference of the menu,but do you know why diet has a strong regional character? Actually, western diet due to geographical characteristics, environment, customs, appears in cooking methods of
中英饮食文化差异
中英饮食文化差异 由于地域特点、气候环境、民风习俗、文化传统和经济状况等各方面的原因，不同的国家有着不同的生活习惯和饮食传统。随着历史的发展，逐渐演变成了各自的饮食文化。不同的地区有着不同的饮食习惯，不同的饮食习惯造就了不同的饮食文化。 下面从传统食品、饮食习惯、待客方式、就餐方式、就坐形式、用餐工具、宴会食品、赴宴时间等方面浅析一下中英饮食文化的差异。 1、传统食品 中国有句古话：民以食为天。可见中国人多么重视吃。中国历史悠久，民族众多，因此饮食也是各种各样的。中国人在吃方面也很讲究，烹调方法也各不想同。有蒸、煮、熬、熏；炸、烤、烧、烩；煨、炖、涮、卤……等等各种各样的做法。中国地域广阔，不同地方的人们吃的也不一样。北方以面食为主，南方以米饭为主；菜肴也有不同的口味，甜的、咸的、酸的、辣的等等。但总的说来中国人的主食不是肉类，中国人吃很多的蔬菜、少量的肉类和水果，甚至有很多的素食主义者。 在英国，人们吃的东西和中国人大相径庭。面包、汉堡、热狗、鱼和炸薯条、黄油）、奶酪是家常食品。他们的饮食是以肉类为主，吃少量的素菜和大量的水果。西式餐饮的主要特点是：一是生，如牛排带血丝；二是冷，如凡是饮料都加冰块；三是甜，无甜不餐，无餐不甜；四是重视各类营养成分的搭配组合，根据人体对各种营养（糖类、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素）和热量的需求来安排菜或加工烹调；五
是选料精细，用料广泛，如水果、各种面片、面条、面花都能制成美味的席上佳肴；六是讲究调味，调味品种多，烹调的调味品大多不同于中餐，如酸奶油、桂叶、柠檬等都是常用的调味品；七是注重色泽, 在色泽的搭配上则讲究对比、明快，因而色泽鲜艳，能刺激食欲。八是工艺严谨，烹调方法多样，西餐十分注重工艺流程，讲究科学化、程序化，工序严谨，烹调方法很多，常用的有煎、烩、烤、焖、煽、炸、熏、铁扒等十几种，其中铁扒、烤、煽最具特色。 2、饮食习惯 中国有句俗话：早晨吃好，中午吃饱，晚上吃少。中国人早餐比较丰富，奶类、淀粉类、蔬菜、水果样样俱全。午餐更丰盛些，比早餐多些肉类和汤。晚餐则比较随意。中国饮食习惯：重食、重养、重味、重理。 英国人由于工作节奏快，早晨、中午一般只吃便饭，只有晚上一家人才有时间团聚共进晚餐，因此他们的晚餐是正餐。英国人餐饮追求快捷方便，也不奢华，比较大众化。 3、待客方式 迎来送往中西文化上也有差别，招待客人也不一样。在中国，客人一到，主人就要边寒暄边沏茶倒水拿水果，一般不需要征求客人的意见，即使客人不吃不喝也要尽主人情谊。由于深受儒家思想的影响，中国人注重礼节，崇尚礼多人不怪”的处事原则。招待客人时，满满一
中英饮食文化的比较
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中西饮食文化差异对比(小结)
中西饮食文化差异对比 文化是人们长期生活中凝聚起来的生活方式的总称。饮食与文化密切相关，不同的民族因其生活地域、气候环境和风俗习惯而缔造出各种不同的饮食文化。传统的西方文化是畜牧文化和海洋文化，而中国是农耕文化和陆地文化，两种不同的文化反映出人们生活方式的不同，中国与西方国家对于饮食的观念和态度、饮食的内容及特点等方面都存在着显著的差异。 中西饮食观念存在差异，中国的饮食观念是五味调和，是一种感性的饮食观念，而西方的是一种理性的饮食观念。中国传统文化讲究五行调和，因而中国人饮食更偏重于一种难以言喻的意境，并设法从感官上把那种只可意会不可言传的意境用“色香味形器名”具体化。因而人们对美味展开了孜孜不倦的追求，让食物的本味，加热后的熟味，以及各种调料交融在一起，相互补充。“民以食为天，食以味为先”，也可以看出吃不仅是生存的需要，同时人们对美味最求也几乎达到极致。西方人对饮食的态度主要坚持其实用性特征，重视食物对人体的健康，力求口味清淡和食物均衡，而不追求食物的色香味形。他们认为吃只是生存的必要手段，为人体的正常运作补充能量，只要吃了后能够保持身体健康，其他的并不特别讲究。因此西方人基本上是从营养健康角度来理解饮食的，享受在饮食中并不占重要位置，故而不会过分的追求食物的口味。 中西饮食方式存在差异，中国的饮食方式体现出团结共享，而西方则是个性自主。在中国，筵席用圆桌，大家围坐，共享一席；席间，大家相互敬酒、相互让菜。这样不仅从形式上营造了一种礼貌、团结、和睦的气氛，更体现出大家的相互尊重、相互礼让的美德。而西式宴会的核心在于交谊，但一般只和邻座的客人交谈，达到交谊的目的。西方人习惯于分而食之，有专人先行分配食物。在宴会上虽也围坐，但是食物都是事先分配的单独碗碟，而且座位不必固定，可以随意走动以便个人感情信息交流。这种用餐方式充分体现出西方人对人性、自我的尊重，强调了个人的独立自主。 中西用餐礼仪存在差异，中国宴会主要体现出尊卑有序，而西方更多的是自由平等，更加尊重女性。在旧中国，长期以来以南为上，以北为下，并且女性地位不高，所以形成了“南尊北卑，男尊女卑”的传统观念，所以在大多数宴会上为高权重或年长者首先入座首席，并且在宴会上很难看到女性的身影。但随着科学文化进步，中国女性地位显著提高，这一状况已经得到很大改善。而在西方，一般以右为上，左为下，所以尊贵的客人一般安排在主人的右侧。并且由于基督教的深远影响，西方形成了尊重女性的社会风尚，在宴会中女士优先作为宴会安排的标准。
中国饮食英文论文
摘要 中国饮食文化博大精深、源远流长是来华外宾了解中国文化的一个重要窗口。菜铺上的菜名对人们有着很好的指示作用,它传神的表达出菜本身的特点和美好寓意。与此同时,随着我国日益与国际接轨,中国菜越来越受外国友人的亲睐。特别是2008奥运会的举办成功，有一次以最震撼最夺目的方式把中国推向世界。 但由于中国饮食烹饪方式多样，文化内涵丰富，相关专业性强，因而容易导致中国菜名的英译错误。中国菜名的英译错误不仅不能准确的表达出菜本身的特点,还给人留下不好的印象,闹出了国际笑话。因此，如果我们在翻译的时候把握翻译原则，注意灵活运用相关的翻译方法，中国菜名的翻译不至于成为翻译的“拦路虎”。 关键词：中国菜名; 翻译原则；翻译方法 注意：关键词应是3至5个名词
Abstract Chinese diet culture, with a long history, is rich and profound, which has become an important window for the foreign guests to get acquainted with Chinese culture. Chinese dish names on the menu have a good indication for people. It vividly expresses the characteristics of the food and good moral. At the same time, as our country increasingly has interfaced with international, Chinese dishes are becoming more and more popular among foreigners. Because of 2008 Olympic Games in China, it is one of the most brilliant ways to show China to the whole world. However, different Chinese food cooking ways, rich food culture and professional strong bring about difficulties for translation. Chinese dishes translation error can’t express the characteristics of the food and give people a bad impression. Therefore, we should grasp the translation principles and note the flexible use of relevant translation method. Keywords: Chinese dish names; translation principles; translation methods (注意：中英文Abstract摘要标题用小二号黑体)（内容用小四号）
英语论文中西方饮食文化差异
2012届本科毕业论文 中西方饮食文化差异 姓名： 系别： 专业： 学号： 指导教师： 2012年5月
The Differences of Dietary Cultures Between China and the West Shangqiu Normal University May 2012
摘要 饮食是人们生存的根本，中西方都不例外。饮食文化是民族文化的重要组成部分。随着21世纪全球化进程，跨文化交际日益频繁，其中饮食文化成了东西方文化交流的最基本内容。但是由于长期以来形成的生活环境、风俗习惯、价值观念的不同，中西方形成了各自不同的饮食文化。由于饮食文化的不同，中西方人在交流的过程中有时会产生一些误解。本文主要从中西方饮食观念、烹饪取材、饮食结构、烹饪方式以及上菜顺序等方面来论述中西方饮食文化差异，以促进中西方文化交际的顺利进行。 关键词：饮食；饮食文化；差异
Abstract Diet is the base of living, with no exception in China or the West. Dietary culture is an important part of the national culture. With the entrance of the 21st century, cross-cultural communication has become more and more frequent, among which dietary culture has been the most basic content. However, because of the differences in living environments, customs and value concepts China and the West have formed their own different dietary cultures. As a result, there appears some misunderstandings sometimes between Chinese and the Westerners in their communication. This paper will analyze the differences of dietary cultures between China and the West from dietary concepts, raw materials, dietary structures, cooking patterns and the order of serving dishes so as to facilitate the efficient communication between Chinese and Westerners. Key words: diet；dietary culture; difference
中西方餐饮文化的差异
中西方餐饮文化的差异 「内容摘要」在中国五千年的悠悠历史中，中国的饮食文化受政治、经济、生产技术等多种因素的影响，形成了不同于其他国家的独特的饮食文化。而与此同时，在西方，也形成了不同于中国特色的餐饮文化，其中最著名的菜点要属意大利菜、法国菜、美国菜等。本文讲述的就是中西方餐饮文化之间形成的鲜明对比。 「关键词」餐饮中西方礼仪文化 中西方餐饮文化的差异主要受地域、经济、政治等因素的影响，主要表现在餐饮特点、用餐礼仪、烹饪方法、餐具选择等方面。 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一，有五千年的悠久而厚重的历史，创造了无数的灿烂文明，在这种文化蕴藏中，使中国的饮食更加博大精深。随着时间的流逝以及辽阔国土的地域差异，四大菜系逐渐形成，四大菜系自成体系，各有特点，但共同点是用料复杂考究，制作方法复杂，口味、菜式多种多样，令人惊叹。 西方以欧美为代表，其文化同样源远流长。到中世纪，欧洲文化已十分完善，在此期间，旧西方的饮食文化已经形成。其主要特点为：主食以面粉为主，原料也较为丰富，制作方法较中国简单，但同时也十分注重口味。 首先，就餐饮特点而言。由于地域差异，中国形成了鲁菜、苏菜、川菜、粤菜这四大菜系。其中鲁菜咸、鲜、脆嫩，风味独特、制作精细。鲁菜风味浓在于用料广泛、选料讲究、刀工精细、调和得其风味咸鲜适口、清香、脆、嫩，汤精味醇，自成一格，适应性强；苏菜在选料方面，注重选料广泛，营养调配，分档用料，因料施艺，体现出较强的科学性；在工艺方面注重烹饪火工。刀法多变，擅长炖、焖、煨、焐；追求本味、清鲜平和、咸甜醇正适中。菜品风格雅丽、形质兼美、酥灿脱骨而不失其型。滑嫩爽脆而显其味；川菜以成都菜和重庆菜为代表。重视蒸释，讲究规格，分色配菜主次分明，鲜艳协调是其特点。酸、甜、麻、辣香、油重、浓、注重调味，以辣、酸、麻脍炙人口，形成川菜的独特风味，享有“一菜一味，百菜百味”的荣誉；粤菜的品种繁多，其烹调擅长煎、炸、烩、烩、炖、煸等。菜肴色彩浓重，谓而不腻。菜的用料较广、花色繁多、形态新颖、讲究鲜嫩、爽滑。一般夏季秋力求清淡，冬季偏浓醇，粤菜餐谱绚丽多姿。烹调技法精良，并以其用料之博而著称。 而西方最著名的菜品主要是以意大利菜、法国菜、美国菜、德国菜最为著名。意大利菜为西餐之母。意大利菜肴最为注重原料的本质、本色，成品力求保持原汁原味。在烹煮过程中非常喜欢用蒜、葱、西红柿酱、干酪，讲究制作沙司。烹调方法以炒、煎、烤、红烩、红焖等居多；法国菜的烹调方法很多，几乎包括了西菜所有的近20种烹调方法。一般常用的烤、煎、烩、焗、铁扒、焖、蒸等。法国菜的口味偏于清淡，色泽偏竽原色、素色，追求高雅的格调；德国菜在口味上较重，材料上则较偏好猪肉、牛肉、肝脏类、香料、鱼类、家禽及蔬菜等；调味品方面使用大量芥茉、白酒、牛油等，而在烹调上较常使用煮、炖或烩的方式；在烹调方面上，美国菜所采用的方法主要有煮、蒸、烤、铁扒等。美式的食物作法都很简单，而且口味也不错。 由此可以看出：对比注重“味道”的中国饮食，西方秉持的是一种理性饮食观念。不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，而营养一定要得到保证，讲究一天要摄
中美饮食文化差异参考文献
Bibliography [1] Chang, K.C., Food in Chinese culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspective. USA: The Vail-Ballou Press Inc., Binghamton, N.Y., 1997. [2] Feng xueyang. Differences on Food Culture Between China and The United States. Beihua University. 2012 [3] Hall. E. T, Beyond Culture. New York: Anchor Books, 1989. [4] Margaret Visor. Evolution, Eccentricities, and Meaning of Table manners. New York: Penguin Books, 1991. [5] Samovar, L. Communication between Cultures. Beijing: Peking University Press. 2004. Hall, E. (1959). The Silent Language. New York: Doubleday. [6] 杜莉，孙俊秀，高海薇.中西饮食文化比较[C].成都：四川科技出版社.2004. [7] 杜学增. 中英文化习俗比较[ M] . 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社,1999. [8] 多晓萍．从饮食角度浅析中西文化[J]．兰州工业高等专科学校学报2005,(12).p.8. [9] 李明英.社会习俗与饮食文化[J].锦州师范学院学报,1997,(3).p.87. [10] 刘承华.文化与人格：对中西方差异的一次比较[J].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版 社,2002,p.105. 1
中外饮食文化差异
中外饮食文化差异 点击：1726 时间:2009-04-14 09:03:14 来源: 作者: 【大中小】 中国的菜式更注重味道，西方的菜式更注重营养，如中国菜多用炖的方式，虽然味道好，但是丧失了大部分的营养;西方多生吃各类蔬果，营养好但味道不佳。 研究的结果分析西方菜式和中国的菜式各有优缺点。 中西方饮食的差异 (1)饺子篇 中国人每逢春节的时候，桌上一盘热腾腾的饺子是少不了的，而外国人与中国人一样在春节时也吃饺子，但是他们的做法与吃法都具特色，独具匠心。饺子在中国以猪肉或韭菜为馅，皮是由面粉与鸡蛋混合制成的。饺子的外形像月芽，它可以蒸、煮、煎、炸等，而蒸饺中国人喜欢用姜醋醮着吃。意大利饺子馅与中国的大异，干酪、洋葱、蛋黄是主料，有时也加一些菠菜、牛肉;另外还有一种是以鸡肉、干酪做主料，主要调料有黄油、洋葱、柠檬皮、豆蔻。他们包铰子是把面压成一长条、一勺勺放好馅，在面的边缘沾上水，再用同样的一条面片合在一起压好，然后用刀一一切开。煮饺子的方法则与中国一样。 (2)茶道篇 茶道，中国的国粹之一，在中国源远流长。由于中西文化的交流，茶道被推广到西方各国，其中在英国最为风靡。茶道在英国英国人在生活上最大的享受，莫如在起床前倚枕喝上一杯热茶。英国人还别出心裁地把茶会作为聚会的重要形式之一。茶会不但比宴会节约，也实惠文雅的多。英国人请人赴茶会时会发出一张别致含蓄的贴子。英国茶会上有规矩：面包点心自取，但茶壶始终由女主人掌握。除了茶壶之外，还备有一罐开水，女主人给每个客人倒茶时，都会先问一下“是浓是淡”，如答后者，她就在倒茶时，兑上点开水，放糖之前，也先问一声“您要几块?”以显对客人的尊重，但切记英国茶会上没有埋头吃点心或捧杯牛奶饮。谈话是活动的中心。在茶会上，客人们既要表现机智风趣，又忌讳说教卖弄，主人们要使场上始终保持热烈融洽的气氛，因此，茶会也可算是最能使人觉得风流倜傥，又是训练外交官的极好场地。中国茶道中国人饮茶强调“清雅”，他们极少像英国人那样在茶内添加糖块，中国人特讲究茶与茶杯的搭配，喝茶时，有时用拳头大小的茶杯，有时则是瓶盖大小的，层出不穷。中国人极少办茶会，即使有，也是主人亲自给客人斟茶。但从不像英国人那样先满足客人的条件需求，他们大多只让客人品尝自己亲手泡的茶，以显示其茶道功底。 (3)咖啡篇 热情洋溢意大利咖啡的特色，表现在它的英文名字上，就是一个快字，作得快不超过十秒钟，喝得也快，因为只有两三口。一般意大利人起床第一件事马上煮一杯咖啡，意大利人平均一天要喝上二十杯咖啡。温和理智中国式中国人喝咖啡不像意大利人那么热情如火，也不像法国人那么浪漫似水，中国人喝咖啡，喝得理智和温和，正像一板一眼的民族性格一样。中国人在家煮咖啡，大多使用简便的热咖啡，此外，咖啡在中国的普及率远不如西方国家。总结 一、两种不同的饮食观念 餐饮产品由于地域特征、气侯环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，会出现在原料、口味、烹调方法、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。正是因为这些差异，餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。 对比注重“味”的中国饮食，西方是一种理性饮食观念。不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，而营养一定要得到保证，讲究一天要摄取多少热量、维生素、蛋白质等等。即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去--因为有营养。这一饮食观念同西方整个哲学体系是相适应的。形
中国饮食文化英文版
China covers a large territory and has many nationalities, hence a variety of Chinese food with different but fantastic and mouthwatering flavor. Since China's local dishes have their own typical characteristics, generally, Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines, which has been widely accepted around. Certainly, there are many other local cuisines that are famous, such as Beijing Cuisine and Shanghai Cuisine. 中国地域辽阔，民族众多，因此各种中国饮食口味不同，却都味美，令人垂涎。因为中国地方菜肴各具特色，总体来讲，中国饮食可以大致分为八大地方菜系，这种分类已被广为接受。当然，还有其他很多着名的地方菜系，例如北京菜和上海菜。 Shandong Cuisine 山东菜系 Consisting of Jinan cuisine and Jiaodong cuisine, Shandong cuisine, clear, pure and not greasy, is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, freshness, crispness and tenderness. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seasonings so Shangdong dishes tastes pungent usually. Soups are given much emphasis in Shangdong dishes. Thin soup features clear and fresh while creamy soup looks thick and tastes strong. Jinan cuisine is adept at deep-frying, grilling, frying and stir-frying while Jiaodong division is famous for cooking seafood with fresh and light taste. 山东菜系，由济南菜系和胶东菜系组成，清淡，不油腻，以其香，鲜，酥，软而闻名。因为使用青葱和大蒜做为调料，山东菜系通常很辣。山东菜系注重汤品。清汤清澈新鲜，而油汤外观厚重，味道浓重。济南菜系擅长炸，烤，煎，炒，而胶东菜系则以其烹饪海鲜的鲜淡而闻名。Shandong is the birthplace of many famous ancient scholars such as Confucious and Mencius. And much of Shandong cuisine's history is as old as Confucious himself, making it the oldest existing major cuisine in China. But don't expect to gain more wisdom from a fortune cookie at a Shandong restaurant in the West since fortune cookies aren't even indigenous to China. 山东是许多着名学者的故乡，例如孔夫子和孟子。许多山东菜的历史和孔夫子一样悠久，使得山东菜系成为中国现存的最古老的主要菜系之一。但是不要期望在西方国家的山东菜馆里从签饼(中国餐馆的折叠形小饼,内藏有预测运气话语的纸条)获得更多的好运气，因为签饼在中国也不是本土的。 Shandong is a large peninsula surrounded by the sea to the East and the Yellow River meandering through the center. As a result, seafood is a major component of Shandong cuisine. Shandong's most famous dish is the Sweat and Sour Carp. A truly authentic Sweet and Sour Carp must come from the Yellow River. But with the current amount of pollution in the Yellow River, you would be better off if the carp was from elsewhere. Shandong dishes are mainly quick-fried, roasted, stir-fried or deep-fried. The dishes are mainly clear, fresh and fatty, perfect with Shandong's own famous beer, Qingdao Beer 山东是个巨大的被向东流去的大海环绕的半岛，黄河曲折的流经其中部。因此海鲜是山东菜系的主要构成。山东最着名的菜肴是糖醋鲤鱼。正宗的糖醋鲤鱼必须打捞自黄河。但是因为现在黄河的众多污染，其他地方的鲤鱼更好一些。山东菜主要是速炸，烧烤，炒或深炸。菜肴清新肥美，搭配山东本地的着名啤酒——青岛啤酒就完美了。 Sichuan Cuisine 四川菜系 Sichuan Cuisine, known often in the West as Szechuan Cuisine, is one of the most famous Chinese cuisines in the world. Characterized by its spicy and pungent flavor, Sichuan cuisine, prolific of tastes, emphasizes on the use of chili. Pepper and prickly ash also never fail to accompany, producing typical exciting tastes. Besides, garlic, ginger and fermented soybean are also used in the cooking process. Wild vegetables and animals are usually chosen as ingredients, while frying, frying without oil,
中西方饮食文化研究
中西方饮食文化研究 民以食为天。饮食文化源远流长，不同的文化孕育了不同的饮食风俗,中西饮食文化历来为人所津津乐道，道其各自的长短处，道其人民之所好.本文就中西饮食文化之差异作些比较，从中西方饮食差异原因、中西方饮食文化差异等方面进行比较。中西 方的饮食文化各有其长短处，关键是通过对比之后，取长补短，让两种文化在碰撞中 融合，在融合中共同进步，为人类提供更健康的食物。 （一）中西方饮食差异原因 （二）（1）从饮食观念及味道和营养来看 （三）由于中西哲学思想的不同，西方人于饮食重科学，重科学即讲求营养，故西方饮食以营养为最高准则，进食有如为一生物的机器添加燃料，特别讲求食物的 营养成分。中国旨在追求美味，其加工过程中的热油炸和长时间的文火攻，都会使菜 肴的营养成分被破坏。 （四） （五）调讲究营养而忽视味道，至少是不以味觉享受为首要目的。他们以冷饮佐餐，冰镇的冷酒还要再加冰块，而舌表面遍布的味觉神经一经冰镇，便大大丧失品 味的灵敏度；那带血的牛排与大白鱼、大白肉，生吃的蔬菜，种种都反映了西方人对 味觉的忽视。他们拒绝使用味精，更足以证明此辈皆属不知味之人。 （六） （七）基于对营养的重视，西方人多生吃蔬菜，而且是生吃。因而他们的“沙拉”有如一盘兔饲料，使我们难以接受。现代中国人也讲营养保健，也知道青菜一经加热，维生素将被破坏，因而我们主张用旺火爆炒。这虽然也使维生素的含量下降，但不会 完全损失，可味道却比兔饲料好吃得多。因而中国的现代烹调术旨在追求营养与味道 兼顾下的最佳平衡。 （2）从人与人相处的观念来看 一个民族的饮食与其环境和传统密切相关。中国人的饮食结构以谷类为主，西方人的饮食结构则以肉类、蛋白质为主。西方地域广阔，人与人之间的居住地间隔较远， 一碰到什么突发情况，全都得靠自己。而中国人却住得相对集中，常常是一个部落， 一个村落集中在一块，一遇到野兽或者突发事件，都是大家联手对抗。从而西方人喜 欢冒险、开拓、冲突；而中国人则安土重迁、固本守己、平和闲静。而西方人则习惯 于分则食之，不固定座位，喜欢自由走动，这不仅可以充分满足个人对食物的喜好，