英语一阅读翻译2007
2007 Text 1
①If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months. ②If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.
如果你打算在2006年世界杯锦标赛上调查所有足球运动员的出生证明，那么你很有可能发现一个引人注目的巧合：优秀足球运动员更可能出生于每年的前几个月而不是后几个月。如果你接着调查世界杯和职业比赛的欧洲国家青年队的话，那么你会发现这一奇怪的现象甚至更明显。
③What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.
什么可以解释这一奇怪的现象呢？下面是一些猜测：a）某种占星术征兆使人具备更高的足球技能；b）冬季出生的婴儿往往具有更高的供氧能力，这增加了踢足球的持久力；c）热爱足球的父母更可能在春季（每年足球狂热的鼎盛时期）怀孕；d）以上各项都不是。
Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,”Ericsson
recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”
58岁的安德斯?埃里克森是佛罗里达州立大学的一名心理学教授，他说，他坚信“以上各项都不是”这一猜测。在瑞典长大的埃里克森，一直研究核工程，直到他认识到，如果他转向心理学领域，他将会有更多机会从事自己的研究。他的首次试验是在大约30年以前进行的，与记忆相关：训练一个人先听一组任意挑选的数字，然后复述这些数字。“在经过大约20小时的训练之后，第一个试验对象（复述）的数字跨度从7个上升到20个，”埃里克森回忆说。“该试验对象不断进步，在接受大约200个小时的训练后，他复述的数字已经达到80多个。”
④This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes”the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习。换句话说，无论两个人在记忆力能力上可能存在怎样的天生差异，这些差异都会被每个人如何恰当地“解读”所记的信息所掩盖。埃里克森确信，了解如何有目的地解读信息的最佳方法就是一个为人所知的有意练习过程。有意练习需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一个任务。相反，它包括确定明确的目标、获得即时的反馈以及技术与结果的浓缩。
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance
statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. ⑤Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming–are nearly always made, not born.
因此，埃里克森和他的同事开始研究包括足球领域在内的广泛领域中专业执行者。他们收集了能够收集的所有资料，不只是表现方面的统计数据和传记详细资料，还包括他们自己对取得很高成就的人员进行的实验室实验结果。他们的研究得出了一个非常令人惊奇的结论——我们通常称为天分的特征被高估了。或者，换句话说，专业执行者――无论是在记忆还是手术方面，在芭蕾还是计算机编程领域――几乎总是培养的，而不是天生的。
2007 Text 2
For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 –the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?①It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
在过去的几年，《星期日报》的增刊《漫步》开设了一个名为“询问玛丽琳”的专栏。人们被邀请去询问玛丽琳?沃斯?萨文特，玛丽琳?沃斯?萨文特在10岁时测试的智力水平达到别人23岁时的水平，这使得她的智商高达228――是有记录的最高水平。智商测试要求你完成口头和视觉分析，要求你在纸张被折叠、剪切后想象它的形状，要求你推论数字的顺序，还有其他类似的项目。所以，当沃斯?萨文特面对普通人（智商为100）提出的像“热爱与喜爱之间的区别是什么？”或者“运气与巧合的特征是什么？”这样的问题时，她感到有点困惑。设想物体、判断数字模式的能力如何使一个人能够回答难倒了一些最杰出的诗人和哲学家的问题，这可并不那么显而易见。
Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?
毫无疑问，智力包含的不仅仅是一次测试所得的分数。而聪明意味着什么？可以明确显示智力有多少？我们能够从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学以及其他领域了解的智力又有多少？
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.
②Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on
a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
人类有关智力的定义性术语似乎仍然是智商分数，即使人们并不像以前那样经常进行智商测
试。智商测试主要表现为两种形式：斯坦福—比奈特智力衡量表和威斯勒智力衡量表（两种都包含成人和儿童测试类型）。由于这些测试一般要花费几百美元，因此通常只有心理学家才进行这些测试，尽管这些测试的变种存在于书店和环球网上。像沃斯?萨文特得到这样的超高分数也再不可能，因为现在的分数依据的是相同年龄者的统计学群体分布状况，而不是简单地通过实足年龄乘以100来划分智能年龄。其他标准测试，比如学术能力检测以及研究生入学考试，包含了智商测试的主要方面。
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”,③Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ test do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
罗伯特?杰?斯顿伯格认为，这样的标准测试不可能评估在学校和生活中取得成功所需的所有重要因素。在其名为“智力测试如何明智？”的文章中，斯顿伯格指出，传统的测试最恰当地评估了分析能力和语言表达能力，但没有测量创造性和实际知识，这些也是解决问题和在生活中取得成功的关键因素。而且，一旦种群或环境发生变化，智商测试就不一定预测得那么准确。研究发现，如果在低压力状况下进行智商测试，那么这种测试就可以预测出领导才能，但是，在高压力状况下，智商测试所得的结果与领导才能的关系是否定的，也就是说，它预测的结果是相反的。任何经历过学术能力检测的人都会认为，应试能力也很重要，无论是知道何时应该进行推测，还
是知道应该忽略什么问题。
2007 Text 3
①During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties.Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
在过去的十几年里，美国那些曾经可以依靠辛勤劳动和公平条件以维持其收入稳定的中产阶层家庭被经济风险和新现实改变了。如今，一份解雇通知书、一个不利的诊断结果或者配偶的去世都可能在几个月之内将一个家庭从稳定的中产阶层家庭降格成为一个新贫困家庭。
In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. ②Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of theirs new two-paycheck status. ③As a result, they have lost the parachuted they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. ④This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
在仅仅一代人的时间里，数百万母亲出去工作，改变了基本的家庭经济状况。学者、决策者以及各类批评人士对这些变化的社会意义争论不休，但是，很少有人关注这些变化的副作用：家
庭的风险增加了。如今的家庭根据其新的双收入限度安排开支。因此，它们失去了它们在经济萧条时期曾经有过的缓解举措——一个后备挣钱者（通常是妈妈），如果家庭的主要挣钱者失业了或者病倒了，她可以出去工作。这种“额外工人效应”可以支撑失业保险或残疾保险提供的安全网，以便帮助家庭渡过难关。但现在，家庭财产的损失再也不可能通过呆在家里的其他伴侣的额外收入弥补了。
During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.⑤Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. ⑥For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families the picture is not any better. ⑦Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare.
⑧Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
在同一时期，要求家庭在其退休收入中承担更多风险。钢铁厂的工人、航空公司的职员以及汽车产业工人加入了数百万不得不担心利率、股市波动以及可能比其退休收入存在时间更长的严酷现实家庭。在去年的大部分时间里，布什总统一直致力于将社会保险体制转变成一种储蓄存款账户模式，要求退休人员将其大多数或所有保障报酬用来交换依靠投资回报所得的报酬。对于更年轻的家庭来说，前景不容乐观。卫生保健和家庭承担份额的绝对成本都上涨了——而且，最近
实施的健康储蓄计划正在从立法机关扩展到沃尔玛员工，包含大量更高的减免，并且给家庭未来的卫生保健带来许多新投资风险。甚至人口统计状况也对中产阶层家庭不利，因为有一个体弱、年迈的父母——以及由此而产生的所有物资和经济援助——就在仅仅一代人的时间里增长了8倍。
⑨From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
从中产阶层家庭的角度来看，大多数情况是可以理解的，这根本不像一种发挥更多支付能力的机会，而是像一种将经济风险大规模转向那些已经负担过重的家庭的令人恐惧的加速行为。经济副作用已经开始，政治副作用可能也将开始。
2007 Text 4
It never rains but it pours. ①Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. ②Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.
不鸣则易，一鸣惊人（本来从不下雨的,却下起了倾盆大雨）。就在老板和董事会用最终挑选出其最严重的清算帐目和顺从问题以及改善其无效的公司管理之际，一个新的问题预示着让他们——特别是在美国——赢得那种令人不愉快的头条新闻的危险，这些头条新闻不可避免地给这些领导者带来管理方面的附属效应：信息的不安全性。迄今为止，信息保护工作一直被留给临时的、低层次的信息技术人员承担，并且只被看成是信息资源丰富产业所关切的一个方面，比如银行业、电信业以及航空旅行业，如今，信息保护则成为各类商业老板议事日程中需要优先考虑的问题。
③Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year –from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley –have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
今年，好几次消费者和员工信息的重大泄密事件使得管理人员匆忙检查其复杂的信息系统和商业程序，以便寻找潜在的弱点——这些泄密事件发生在像时代华纳、美国国防部承包的科学应用国际公司以及加州大学伯克利分校这样的不同机构。
“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other assets, says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.”Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.
斯坦福大学商学院的海姆?门德尔森认为“信息正在成为一种需要像保护其他财产一样而保护
的财产”。“保护消费者信息的能力是市场价值的关键因素，这是董事会应该为了股东的利益而承担的责任”。纽约哥伦比亚商学院的埃尼?诺姆暗示，事实上，正如存在公认会计原则的观念一样，或许可能应该是采取公认安全措施的时候了。他表示“为安全、备份以及恢复确定适当的投资标准是一个管理问题，不是技术问题。”。
The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
其神秘在于，对任何老板来说，这可能是一个意外。然而，对于最迟钝的管理人员来说，显而易见的应该是，作为最珍贵经济财产的诚信被轻易破坏，而要恢复诚信却代价高昂，而且，很少有什么比一个公司让敏感的个人信息落入不妥当人之手更可能破坏诚信的了。
The current state of affaires may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. ④Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
这类事情的现状可能受到缺乏有关信息泄露的法律处罚（在美国，不是在欧洲）的激励，尽管还没有的到证实。直到加利福尼亚最近通过了一项法律，美国的公司不必告知任何人信息何时泄露，甚至包括受害人。这种情况可能迅速改变：如今，许多被提议的信息保护立法正在华盛顿特区讨论。同时，6月17日有关偷窃大约4000万信用卡账户信息事件的披露给得此前一天美国
商务委员会的一个重要决定蒙上阴影，该决定请全美国注意，如果公司没有提供适当的信息安全保护措施，那么监管人员就会采取行。
考研英语阅读理解全文翻译
Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运 转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平 行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在 那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语
考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
2007年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译 但为君故 但为君故 整理组
Text 1 如果你打算在2006年世界杯锦标赛上调查所有足球运动员的出生证明，那么你很有可能发现一个引人注目的巧合：优秀足球运动员更可能出生于每年的前几个月而不是后几个月。如果你接着调查世界杯和职业比赛的欧洲国家青年队的话，那么你会发现这一奇怪的现象甚至更明显。 什么可以解释这一奇怪的现象呢？下面是一些猜测：a）某种占星术征兆使人具备更高的足球技能；b）冬季出生的婴儿往往具有更高的供氧能力，这增加了踢足球的持久力；c）热爱足球的父母更可能在春季（每年足球狂热的鼎盛时期）怀孕；d）以上各项都不是。 58岁的安德斯?埃里克森是佛罗里达州立大学的一名心理学教授，他说，他坚信“以上各项都不是”这一猜测。在瑞典长大的埃里克森，一直研究核工程，直到他认识到，如果他转向心理学领域，他将会有更多机会从事自己的研究。他的首次试验是在大约30年以前进行的，与记忆相关：训练一个人先听一组任意挑选的数字，然后复述这些数字。“在经过大约20小时的训练之后，第一个试验对象（复述）的数字跨度从7个上升到20个，”埃里克森回忆说。“该试验对象不断进步，在接受大约200个小时的训练后，他复述的数字已经达到80多个。” 这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习。换句话说，无论两个人在记忆力能力上可能存在怎样的天生差异，这些差异都会被每个人如何恰当地“解读”所记的信息所掩盖。埃里克森确信，了解如何有目的地解读信息的最佳方法就是一个为人所知的有意练习过程。有意练习需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一个任务。相反，它包括确定明确的目标、获得即时的反馈以及技术与结果的浓缩。 因此，埃里克森和他的同事开始研究包括足球领域在内的广泛领域中专业执行者。他们收集了能够收集的所有资料，不只是表现方面的统计数据和传记详细资料，还包括他们自己对取得很高成就的人员进行的实验室实验结果。他们的研究得出了一个非常令人惊奇的结论——我们通常称为天分的特征被高估了。或者，换句话说，专业执行者――无论是在记忆还是手术方面，在芭蕾还是计算机编程领域――几乎总是培养的，而不是天生的。 21. 文中提到足球运动员中的出生现象是用来__________. A 强调职业训练的重要性 B 聚焦世界杯上的足球巨星 C 引出什么决定了杰出表现这个话题 D 解释为什么一些足球队比其他足球队表现好
英语一阅读翻译2009
2009 Text 1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th cen tury. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative implication. 习惯是一种有趣的现象。我们无意识地养成了习惯，任由大脑自动操作，且不知不觉在熟悉的常规中感到轻松舒适。“并非选择，而是习惯会控制那些没有思想的人。”19 世纪时，威廉·华兹华斯说。在千变万化的21 世纪，甚至“习惯”这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯，就创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们思绪的列车跳转到新的创新轨道上来。 Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try---the more we step outside our comfort zone---the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives. 我们不用因为自己是受习惯影响的一成不变的生物而否定自己，相反我们可以通过有意识的培养新习惯来指导改变。事实上，我们对新事物尝试得越多，就会越远地走出自己的舒适地带，在职场及个人生活中变得越有创造性。 But don?t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn i nto the brain, they?re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但是，不要白费力气试图戒除旧习惯;一旦这些惯有程序融进脑部，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们有意使之根深蒂固的新习惯会创建平行路径，它们可以绕过原来那些路径。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to …decide,? just as our president calls himself …the Decider.?” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 《开放思想》一书的作者达瓦纳·马克瓦说：“革新所需要的第一样东西就是对好奇的着迷。然而我们被教导去做…决定?，就像我们的总裁称呼自己为…决策者?那样。”她接着说，“但是，决定意味着除了一种可能性外，其他的都被扼杀了。优秀的具有革新精神的思想家总是在探寻着许多其他的可能性。” All of us work through problems in ways of which we?re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts
新理念英语阅读初一第3册全文翻译
Unit1 Chapter1 本，查德，布兰卡和朱迪每个月的第三个星期四举行发明家俱乐部会议。他们轮流展示他们的新发明。 明天轮到本展示他的新发明。唯一的问题就是他到现在还没有想出一个发明··· 本正坐在餐桌旁吃着一杯冰淇淋。 “我能做什么呢？”他一边吃冰淇淋一边问自己。 本对自己要发明什么毫无头绪。他吃完冰淇淋，准备再去弄些来。但是，冰淇淋一点也不剩了。 “我知道了，”他兴奋地说，“我要发明一个冰淇淋机！” 词组：hold meeting召开会议 take turns轮流，更替 think of考虑；想起；有···想法 sit at坐，在···坐 a bowl of一碗 have no idea不知道，不了解 Chapter2 本抓起几张纸和支钢笔，然后他就画出了他的冰淇淋机设计草图。这个草图看起来不太像个冰淇淋机，但是本确信它是可行的。 “我不需要试验，”本对自己说，“好吧，我没时间去试验了。” 本只有找材料的时间了。 第二天下午，查德、布兰卡还有朱迪都在本的卧室。本带着一只麻袋出现了。他倒提着麻袋，许多稀奇古怪的东西掉了出来。 “一堆废品，”布兰卡说，“那真是个好发明。” “哈哈，”本说，“你们就等着瞧吧。” 词组：look much like看起来很像 say to oneself暗想，自言自语 turn up开大；翻起；出现 upside down颠倒，倒转；混乱地 fall out争吵；结果；解散；掉队 a pile of一堆 wait and see等着看；拭目以待；观望；走着瞧 Chapter3 本捡起的第一个东西又大又圆，是用钢做的。它是洗衣机的核心零部件。 本举起那部分，看了看底部的洞。 “那个洞是你钻的吗？”查德问。 “是啊，”本说。 “你这个做得不是很好，”查德说。 “只要有用就行了，”本告诉查德。 “你要知道东西也得看上去好才行，”查德说。 接着，本抓起一根软管，把它装入他钻的那个洞里。 “我想我知道这是什么了，”朱迪激动地说，“它是一个鼠窝！” “一个什么？”布兰卡和查德异口同声问道。 “一个鼠窝，”朱迪说，“老鼠通过软管爬进家里。” 朱迪经常说些奇怪的话，但其他人认为这是她说过的最奇怪的事之一。 本在地上放了一个塑料的冰淇淋盒，把软管的另一端放了进去。然后，他拿起一根细绳，把它绕在洗衣机零部件上。 当绳子紧紧地缠绕到零部件外面后，本往后退了退，仔细瞧着他的发明。 “好吧，这是什么？”布兰卡、查德和朱迪一同问道。 “它当然是一个冰淇淋机啦！”本说。 “那它如何工作呢？”查德问。 “它行不通的，”布兰卡说。
2007年考研英语阅读解翻译与解析
2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题解析 文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。因此，在选择具体题目答案前，把握文章中心对于理解文章语句，把握逻辑关系，确定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。 文章首段主题句叙述到By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830，前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放，宣告成为独立国家。 本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。 本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。 本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。 题目解析： By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. 1．［A］natives ［B］inhabitants ［C］peoples ［D］individuals 2．［A］confusedly［B］cheerfully ［C］worriedly ［D］hopefully 1. 语意辨析题本题目选择名词，在句子中充当主语。句子叙述到The roughly 20 million of these nations looked to the future. “这些国家大概有2000万…对未来…。”
英语阅读理解及翻译
1.A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night(英语阅读理解) A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They turn off the lights, pull up the covers and close their eyes. Six or seven sleeping hours later, they wake up again. Strange, isn't it? 一个奇怪的事情发生在几乎每个人身上，并且都在晚上。他们关上灯，拉上了窗帘和闭上他们的眼睛。六或七小时的睡眠后，他们再次醒来。奇怪，不是吗？ Sleep is a great puzzle. Scientists and doctors would like to talk about why one can't fall asleep. They are not so sure what causes sleep. 睡眠是一个伟大的谜。科学家和医生谈谈为什么不能入睡。他们不知道什么是睡眠的原因。 You will sleep best both when you are in good health and when you don't eat too much or too little. No worries and a comfortable place to sleep are important, too.你会睡得最好当你身体健康时，你不要吃太多或太少。不用担心，一个舒适的睡眠环境是重要的。 Strange things happen during sleep. For example, you often move. You would feel tired ever if you didn't move. You also dream. Part of your brain is still awake when you dream. Dreaming happens when the memory and imagination parts of your brain are still awake. 奇怪的事情发生在睡眠期间。例如，你经常搬家。你会觉得累，如果你没有动。你也做梦。你大脑的一部分仍然是清醒的时候，您也做梦。做梦时发生的记忆和想象的部分你的大脑仍然清醒。 Don't worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were finished while the writers were dreaming. 别担心，如果你有梦想。一些伟大的故事和诗歌的作家会完成梦想。 根据短文内容,判断下列句子正(T)、误( F) 。 1. A strange thing happens to only someone at night.T 2. Scientists and doctors are both sure what causes people's sleep.F 3. When you are in good health, you can sleep very well at night.T 4. The writer means that some dreams are good for people.T 5. If you eat too much or too little before sleep, you won't sleep well.T 2. At the Barber's Shop 在理发店 Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, he 杰克去一家理发店剪了头发，但是当他出来时，他 was not happy with the result. When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed 是不满意的结果。当他的朋友鲍波看到他时，他笑了 and said, "What has happened to your hair,Jack?" 说，“你的头发怎么了，杰克？” Jack said, "I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied 杰克说，“我今天尝试了新的理发店，因为我不是很满意 with my old one, but this one seems even worse." 旧的，但是这一次似乎更差。” Bob agreed. "Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what 他同意了。”是的，我想你是对的，杰克。现在我要告诉你 to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair, 做的时候，你走进一家理发店下时间：看所有理发师的头发， find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him."
中考英语阅读理解(附带解析和全文翻译)之十五
Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, destroying (摧毁) fourteen homes. Seven others were so badly damaged (破坏) that their owners had to leave them, and fifteen others had broken windows or broken roofs. One person was killed, several were badly hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received smaller hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm. A farmer, Mr. Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour. “I was eating with my wife and children,” he said, “When we heard a loud noise. A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him, safe but very frightened.” Mrs. Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children. “There was no time to take anything,” she said, “A few minutes later, the roof came down.” Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded (水淹的) area and the welfare department (福利机构) brought them food, clothes and shelter. 1. How many homes altogether (总共) were damaged in the storm? A. Fourteen B. Twenty-one C. Twenty-nine D. Thirty-six 选D。根据第一段出现的三个数字14，7，15即可知D为正确答案。 2. Where was Mr. Tan when the storm first began? A. He was in bed. B. He was inside the house. C. He was outside the house. D. He was on the roof. 选B。根据“I was eating with my wife and children.”可排除A和D，由下文可知C也不合题意。 3. Mrs. Woo and her family didn’t get hurt because _________. A. her husband knew there would be a storm B. they were all outside the house when the storm became worse C. she felt the house was moving
2009年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc
2009年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc
Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth sai d in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deli berately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She a dds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
2007年考研英语阅读理解1重要单词总结
2007年考研英语阅读理解1重要单词总 结 这是一篇议论文，文章主要论述了人的成就取决于后天培养而非先天遗传。首先，利用优秀足球运动员的例子引出观点，再Ericsson教授驳斥“人的成就取决于先天遗传”的观点，最后他证明记忆是一种认知行为，可通过刻意练习来培养，最后产生结论——人的成就取决于后天培养而非先天遗传。同样，文章中出现了许多词缀+熟词的单词，难度适中。以下是本文中出现的20个，就让我们一起来学习吧！ 1.1tournament ['t??n?m(?)nt] n.锦标赛，联赛 【词根记忆】：tour(turn转，环绕)+ment(名词后缀)→环绕着的→联赛 【短语搭配】：tournament systems赛制 Tournament committee竞赛委员会 【真题例句】：If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament.如果你对参加2006年世界杯足球锦标赛的每位运动员的出生证明进行检查的话。 2.1quirk [kw??k] n. 趣事，奇事，怪癖 【词根记忆】：quick(快的)→奇事总是被当做笑谈，很快就会过去→趣事，奇事 【短语搭配】：network quirk值得注意的怪癖 【真题例句】：you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk.就很容易发现一个值得注意的怪现象。 3. 9phenomenon [f?'nɑm?n?n] n.现象 【词根记忆】：phen(表现现状)+ome(one一个)+non(名词后缀)→一个表现现状→现象【短语搭配】：rebound phenomenon反弹现象 【真题例句】：If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.如果你再查一下欧洲国家青年队(为世界杯和职业球队输送球员)的出生证明，你会发现这一现象更加明显。 4. 1confer[k?n'f??] v.授予，给予 【词根记忆】：con(共同，一起)+fer(bring，carry带来，拿来)→给一起的人带来→给予【短语搭配】：confer authority授予权限 【真题例句】：Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills这里有几种猜测：a)某些星座的人更具有足球天赋。 5. 4conceive[k?n'si?v]
英语一阅读翻译2010
2010年 Text1 Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. 过去的25年，在英文报纸发生的所有变化中，或许最具有深远意义的变化就是这些报纸的文艺报道范围不断缩小，严肃性不断减弱，这是个无法逆转的必然趋势。 It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. 对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。然而，在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺批评集子里，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般博学多才的精神食粮竟然被认为适合刊载在面向大众发行的报纸版面上。 We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift en ough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define …journalism? as …a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are? .” 从20世纪早期到二战以前，报纸纸张极为便宜，由于格调高雅的文艺批评被认为可以装点刊载它的报纸，英国报纸对投来的评论文章来者不拒，对它们涉及什么主题无人在意。但我们现今的报纸离此已相去更远。在那些遥远的年代，人们理所当然地认为主流报纸的评论家们都会不遗余力地把他们评论的事实说清楚。他们写作是严肃的，甚至以文笔轻松风趣著称的George Bernard Shaw和Ernest Newman也知道自己在做什么，这一点足以让人信任。这些批评家们相信报刊评论是一门职业，并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上发表感到很自豪。“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的思想或足够的文学天赋以保证他们在写批评时能不畏艰难，时刻保持乐观”，Newman曾写道，“我倾向于把…报刊评论?定义为“被某些作家所使用的一个轻蔑之词。对真正的作家而言，他们根本就没有学问”。 Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though,
Q129-考研英语阅读-2007 text2 全文翻译
2007年 Text 2 原文：For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.”People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. 翻译：在过去几年中，《星期日报》增刊上出现了一个名为“玛丽琳问题”的特色专栏。人们被邀请向玛丽琳·冯·莎凡提出各种问题。此人10岁时参加了相当于普通人23岁左右水平的智力测试，测试的智商为228 (智商的最高记录)。智商测试要求你完成的任务常常是：词汇和图形类比、想象纸折叠和剪切后的形状、推导数字序列，等等。因此，当莎凡回答(智商为100的)普通人提出的诸如“爱与喜欢有何区别”或“运气和巧合的本质是什么”这类问题时，她感到有些困惑。想象物体形状和推算数列的能力，不一定能使人具备足够的能力，来回答那些连最优秀的诗人和哲学家都回答不了的问题。 原文：Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields? 翻译：显然，智力的高低并不能仅仅通过测试的分数体现出来。那么什么叫“聪明”呢？有多少智力可以被明确定义出来？关于智力，从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学和其它领域中，我们又能了解什么呢？ 原文：The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests. 翻译：虽然现在智商测试已经不像以前那么频繁地使用，但是智商分数似乎仍然