当前位置：搜档网 › 英文资料原文及中文翻译稿

英文资料原文及中文翻译稿

The overview of automobile air conditioner

Today, as we drive our automobiles, a great many of us, can enjoy the same comfort levels that we are accustomed to at home and at work. With the push of a button or the slide of a lever, we make the seamless transition from heating to cooling and back again without ever wondering how this change occurs. That is, unless something goes awry.

(Article Continues below)

Since the advent of the automotive air conditioning system in the 1940's, many things have undergone extensive change. Improvements, such as computerized automatic temperature control (which allow you to set the desired temperature and have the system adjust automatically) and improvements to overall durability, have added complexity to today's modern air conditioning system. Unfortunately, the days of "do-it-yourself" repair to these systems, is almost a thing of the past.

To add to the complications, we now have tough environmental regulations that govern the very simplest of tasks, such as recharging the system with refrigerant R12 commonly referred to as Freon. (Freon is the trade name for the refrigerant R-12, that was manufactured by DuPont). Extensive scientific studies have proven the damaging effects of this refrigerant to our ozone layer, and its manufacture has been banned by the U.S. and many other countries that have joined together to sign the Montreal Protocol, a landmark agreement that was introduced in the 1980's to limit the production and use of chemicals known to deplete the ozone layer.

Now more than ever, your auto mechanic is at the mercy of this new environmental legislation. Not only is he required to be certified to purchase refrigerant and repair your air conditioner, his shop must also incur the cost of purchasing expensive dedicated equipment that insures the capture of these ozone depleting chemicals, should the system be opened up for repair. Simply put, if your mechanic has to spend more to repair your vehicle - he will have to charge you more. Basic knowledge of your air conditioning system is important, as this will allow you to make a more informed decision on your repair options.

Should a major problem arise from your air conditioner, you may encounter new terminology. Words like "retrofit" and "alternative refrigerant" are now in your mechanics glossary. You may be given an option of "retrofitting", as opposed to

merely repairing and recharging with Freon. Retrofitting involves making the necessary changes to your system, which will allow it to use the new industry accepted, "environmentally friendly" refrigerant, R-134a. This new refrigerant has a higher operating pressure, therefore, your system, dependant on age, may require larger or more robust parts to counter its inherent high pressure characteristics. This, in some cases, will add significantly to the final cost of the repair. And if not performed properly, may reduce cooling efficiency which equates to higher operating costs and reduced comfort.

Vehicles are found to have primarily three different types of air conditioning systems. While each of the three types differ, the concept and design are very similar to one another. The most common components which make up these automotive systems are the following:

COMPRESSOR, CONDENSER, EV APORATOR, ORIFICE TUBE, THERMAL EXPANSION V ALVE , RECEIVER-DRIER, ACCUMULATOR. Note: if your car has an Orifice tube, it will not have a Thermal Expansion Valve as these two devices serve the same purpose. Also, you will either have a Receiver-Dryer or an Accumulator, but not both.

For more information on Air Conditioning, check out The Automotive Air Conditioning Information Server

COMPRESSOR

Commonly referred to as the heart of the system, the compressor is a belt driven pump that is fastened to the engine. It is responsible for compressing and transferring refrigerant gas.

The A/C system is split into two sides, a high pressure side and a low pressure side; defined as discharge and suction. Since the compressor is basically a pump, it must have an intake side and a discharge side. The intake, or suction side, draws in refrigerant gas from the outlet of the evaporator. In some cases it does this via the accumulator.

Once the refrigerant is drawn into the suction side, it is compressed and sent to the condenser, where it can then transfer the heat that is absorbed from the inside of the vehicle.

CONDENSER

This is the area in which heat dissipation occurs. The condenser, in many cases, will have much the same appearance as the radiator in you car as the two have very similar functions. The condenser is designed to radiate heat. Its location is usually in

front of the radiator, but in some cases, due to aerodynamic improvements to the body of a vehicle, its location may differ. Condensers must have good air flow anytime the system is in operation. On rear wheel drive vehicles, this is usually accomplished by taking advantage of your existing engine's cooling fan. On front wheel drive vehicles, condenser air flow is supplemented with one or more electric cooling fan(s).

As hot compressed gasses are introduced into the top of the condenser, they are cooled off. As the gas cools, it condenses and exits the bottom of the condenser as a high pressure liquid.

EV APORATOR

Located inside the vehicle, the evaporator serves as the heat absorption component. The evaporator provides several functions. Its primary duty is to remove heat from the inside of your vehicle. A secondary benefit is dehumidification. As warmer air travels through the aluminum fins of the cooler evaporator coil, the moisture contained in the air condenses on its surface. Dust and pollen passing through stick to its wet surfaces and drain off to the outside. On humid days you may have seen this as water dripping from the bottom of your vehicle. Rest assured this is perfectly normal.

The ideal temperature of the evaporator is 320 Fahrenheit or 00 Celsius. Refrigerant enters the bottom of the evaporator as a low pressure liquid. The warm air passing through the evaporator fins causes the refrigerant to boil (refrigerants have very low boiling points). As the refrigerant begins to boil, it can absorb large amounts of heat. This heat is then carried off with the refrigerant to the outside of the vehicle. Several other components work in conjunction with the evaporator. As mentioned above, the ideal temperature for an evaporator coil is 320 F. Temperature and pressure regulating devices must be used to control its temperature. While there are many variations of devices used, their main functions are the same; keeping pressure in the evaporator low and keeping the evaporator from freezing; A frozen evaporator coil will not absorb as much heat.

PRESSURE REGULATING DEVICES

Controlling the evaporator temperature can be accomplished by controlling refrigerant pressure and flow into the evaporator. Many variations of pressure regulators have been introduced since the 1940's. Listed below, are the most commonly found.

ORIFICE TUBE

The orifice tube, probably the most commonly used, can be found in most GM and Ford models. It is located in the inlet tube of the evaporator, or in the liquid line,

somewhere between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the evaporator. This point can be found in a properly functioning system by locating the area between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the evaporator that suddenly makes the change from hot to cold. You should then see small dimples placed in the line that keep the orifice tube from moving. Most of the orifice tubes in use today measure approximately three inches in length and consist of a small brass tube, surrounded by plastic, and covered with a filter screen at each end. It is not uncommon for these tubes to become clogged with small debris. While inexpensive, usually between three to five dollars, the labor to replace one involves recovering the refrigerant, opening the system up, replacing the orifice tube, evacuating and then recharging. With this in mind, it might make sense to install a larger pre filter in front of the orifice tube to minimize the risk of of this problem reoccurring. Some Ford models have a permanently affixed orifice tube in the liquid line. These can be cut out and replaced with a combination filter/orifice assembly.

THERMAL EXPANSION V ALVE

Another common refrigerant regulator is the thermal expansion valve, or TXV. Commonly used on import and aftermarket systems. This type of valve can sense both temperature and pressure, and is very efficient at regulating refrigerant flow to the evaporator. Several variations of this valve are commonly found. Another example of a thermal expansion valve is Chrysler's "H block" type. This type of valve is usually located at the firewall, between the evaporator inlet and outlet tubes and the liquid and suction lines. These types of valves, although efficient, have some disadvantages over orifice tube systems. Like orifice tubes these valves can become clogged with debris, but also have small moving parts that may stick and malfunction due to corrosion.

RECEIVER-DRIER

The receiver-drier is used on the high side of systems that use a thermal expansion valve. This type of metering valve requires liquid refrigerant. To ensure that the valve gets liquid refrigerant, a receiver is used. The primary function of the receiver-drier is to separate gas and liquid. The secondary purpose is to remove moisture and filter out dirt. The receiver-drier usually has a sight glass in the top. This sight glass is often used to charge the system. Under normal operating conditions, vapor bubbles should not be visible in the sight glass. The use of the sight glass to charge the system is not recommended in R-134a systems as cloudiness and oil that has separated from the refrigerant can be mistaken for bubbles. This type of mistake can lead to a dangerous overcharged condition. There are variations of receiver-driers and several different

desiccant materials are in use. Some of the moisture removing desiccants found within are not compatible with R-134a. The desiccant type is usually identified on a sticker that is affixed to the receiver-drier. Newer receiver-driers use desiccant type XH-7 and are compatible with both R-12 and R-134a refrigerants.

ACCUMULATOR

Accumulators are used on systems that accommodate an orifice tube to meter refrigerants into the evaporator. It is connected directly to the evaporator outlet and stores excess liquid refrigerant. Introduction of liquid refrigerant into a compressor can do serious damage. Compressors are designed to compress gas not liquid. The chief role of the accumulator is to isolate the compressor from any damaging liquid refrigerant. Accumulators, like receiver-driers, also remove debris and moisture from a system. It is a good idea to replace the accumulator each time the system is opened up for major repair and anytime moisture and/or debris is of concern. Moisture is enemy number one for your A/C system. Moisture in a system mixes with refrigerant and forms a corrosive acid. When in doubt, it may be to your advantage to change the Accumulator or receiver in your system. While this may be a temporary discomfort for your wallet, it is of long term benefit to your air conditioning system.

汽车空调的概述

今天，当我们驾驶的汽车，很多人，同样可以享受舒适的水平，我们习惯于在家庭和工作。与推动一个按钮或幻灯片的杠杆，使无缝过渡，从加热到冷却，再不想这怎么发生变化。那是，除非发生差错。因为出现的汽车空调系统在1940年代，许多事情已经发生了广泛的变化。改进，如电脑自动温度控制（允许你设定所需温度，系统自动调整）和改善整体的耐久性，增加了复杂性，今天的现代空调系统。不幸的是，该天的“自己动手”的修复这些系统，几乎是过去的事。

增加了并发症，我们现在有严格的环境法规管理非常简单的任务，如充电系统，俗称氟利昂制冷剂。（氟利昂是商标名称为制冷剂换热，是制造公司）。广泛的科学研究已经证明的破坏性影响这种制冷剂的臭氧层，及其制造已被禁止在美国和其他许多国家已加入共同签署的蒙特利尔协议，具有里程碑意义的协议，介绍了1980的限制生产和使用消耗臭氧层的化学品称为。

现在比以往任何时候，你的汽车修理工是在怜悯这个新的环境立法。他不但必须认证采购制冷剂和修复您的空调，他的店也必须承担的费用，购买昂贵的专用设备，确保了捕捉这些消耗臭氧的化学品，应打开修复系统。简单的说，如果你的机械师已花费更多的修复您的车辆-他将收取你更多。基本知识的空调系统是重要的，因为这将使你做出更明智的决定，在你的修复选项。

应的一个主要问题就是从你的空调，你可能遇到新的术语。像“改造”和“替代制冷剂，“现在你力学词汇。你可以得到一个选项“改造”，而不是仅仅维修和补给与氟里昂。改造涉及作出必要的修改你的系统，这将使它重新接受，“环保”这一新的制冷剂的制冷剂，特性。具有较高的操作压力，因此，您的系统，依赖于年龄，可能需要更大或更强大的零件计数器其固有的高压力的特点。这样，在某些情况下，将大大增加最终修复费用。如果没有进行适当，可减少冷却效率相当高的经营成本，降低舒适。

发现车辆主要有三种不同类型的空调系统

而每三个类型不同，设计的概念和非常相似的一个。最常见的组件，使这些汽车系统如下：压缩机，冷凝器，蒸发器，孔口管，热力膨胀阀，贮液干燥器，蓄电池。

注意：如果您的车有一个孔口管，它不会有一个热力膨胀阀，这些设备服务

于同一目的。此外，你会有一个receiver-dryer或蓄电池，但都没有。

上的更多信息，空调，检查汽车空调信息服务器

压缩机通常称为系统的心，压缩机皮带驱动泵是固定在引擎。它负责压缩和传输制冷剂气体。

该空调系统分为两面，一个高压侧和低压侧；定义为排放和吸。由于压缩机基本上是一个泵，它必须有一个进水口和一个排气的一边。进气，或吸边，在制冷剂气体从蒸发器的出口。在某些情况下，它通过蓄电池。

一旦制冷剂吸入吸入侧，它是压缩和发送到冷凝器，它可以传输的热量吸收，从车辆内部。

1. 冷凝器

这是在该领域的热耗散发生。冷凝器，在许多情况下，将有许多相同的外观作为散热器在汽车作为两者有非常类似的功能。冷凝器的散热设计。它的位置通常是在前面的散热器，但在某些情况下，由于空气改善车辆的机构，它的位置可能不同。凝汽器必须有良好的空气流动的任何系统在运行。在后轮驱动车辆，这通常是通过利现有的发动机冷却风扇。前轮驱动车辆，冷凝器的空气流动是补充与一个或多个电动冷却风扇（）。

热压缩气体引入冷凝器顶部，他们冷静下来。当这些气体冷却，凝结和退出冷凝器底部为高压液体。

2.蒸发器

位于车内，蒸发器作为吸热元件。蒸发器提供了多种功能。其主要职责是删除从车辆内部。第二个好处是除湿。为暖空气经过铝翅片冷却器蒸发器线圈，包含于空气中的水分凝结在其表面。灰尘和花粉通过坚持其湿表面漏了外面。在潮湿的日子里，你可以看到这是滴水从你的车。放心，这是很正常的。

理想的蒸发器的温度320华氏度或00摄氏度。制冷剂进入蒸发器的底部为一个低压液体。温暖的空气通过蒸发器翅片使制冷剂沸腾（制冷剂具有非常低的沸点）。作为制冷剂开始沸腾，它能吸收大量的热量。这是热，然后进行了制冷剂的车外。其他几个组成部分协同工作的蒸发器。如上所述，理想温度蒸发器线圈是320华氏度的温度和压力调节装置必须是用来控制温度。虽然有许多不同的设备，其主要功能是保持相同；在蒸发器压力低，蒸发器冻裂；冷冻蒸发器线圈不会吸收的热量少。

压力调节装置

控制蒸发器的温度可以通过控制制冷剂的压力和进入蒸发器的流量。许多变化，压力调节器介绍了1940年代以来在下面列出，是最常见的发现。

3.孔管

孔口管，可能是最常用的，可以发现在大多数通用汽车和福特汽车模型。它坐落在进口管的蒸发器，或在液体，介于冷凝器出口与蒸发器的入口。这一点可以在一个正常运作的系统的定位面之间的冷凝器出口与蒸发器的入口，突然改变从热到冷。你应该看到小酒窝置于线保持孔管的移动。大多数孔口管中使用的测量大约三英寸长，由一个小铜管，包围的塑料，并覆盖有滤网两端。这是并不罕见，这些管堵塞小碎片。虽然便宜，通常为三至五美元，劳动代替一个涉及回收制冷剂，开放系统，更换孔管，疏散和再充电。这一点，它可能是有意义的安装一个较大的预过滤器前面的孔口管的风险减少到最低限度这一问题再次发生。福特公司的一些模型永久贴在孔口管的液体线。这些可以被切断和更换组合过滤器/孔组装。

4.热力膨胀阀

另一个常见的制冷剂调节器是热力膨胀阀，或温度。常用的进口和售后服务系统。这种类型的阀门能够感知温度和压力，是非常有效的调节制冷剂流向蒸发器。这几个变化的阀门是常见的。另一个例子是一个热力膨胀阀是克莱斯勒的“块”型。这种类型的阀门通常位于防火墙，蒸发器之间的入口和出口管和液体和吸线。这些类型的阀门，虽然有效，有一些缺点在孔口管系统。像孔口管这些阀门可以成为堵塞的碎片，但也有小部分可能坚持和故障由于腐蚀。

5.贮液干燥器

该接收器上使用的高侧系统使用热力膨胀阀。这种类型的计量阀需要液态制冷剂。确保阀门得到液态制冷剂，利用接收器。其主要功能的接收器是分离气体和液体。次要的目的是去除水分和过滤灰尘。该接收器通常有一个玻璃顶。这种玻璃通常用来充电系统。在正常操作条件下，汽泡不应该是可见的视线玻璃。利用视镜收费系统是不建议在信息系统作为云量和油分离的制冷剂是可以错误用现有的气泡。这种类型的错误能导致一个危险的多条件。有变化的receiver-driers和几个不同的干燥剂材料的使用。一些水分除去干燥剂内发现不兼容的信息。干燥剂式通常是确定一个不干胶贴在贮液干燥器。新receiver-driers使用干燥剂型xh-7和具有相容和R -制冷剂换热。

6.蓄电池

是蓄电池系统容纳孔管计制冷剂进入蒸发器。它是直接连接到蒸发器出口和储存多余的液体制冷剂。介绍了液态制冷剂进入压缩机可以做严重损害。目的是压缩气体压缩机的液体。主要作用的蓄能器分离从任何破坏液态制冷剂压缩机。蓄电池，也喜欢receiver-driers，除去杂质和水分从系统。这是一个好主意代替蓄电池系统每次打开了大修，水分和/或碎片的关注。水分的头号敌人，你的空调系统。水分在一个系统的混合制冷剂和形成腐蚀性酸。怀疑的时候，它可能是你

的优势，改变蓄能器或接收器系统。虽然这可能是一个暂时的不适，你的钱包，这是长期受益的空调系统。好的人-车-环境系统的设计。

英文论文及中文翻译

International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Volume 17, Number 4, August 2010, Page 500 DOI: 10.1007/s12613-010-0348-y Corresponding author: Zhuan Li E-mail: li_zhuan@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, ? University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Preparation and properties of C/C-SiC brake composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction Zhuan Li, Peng Xiao, and Xiang Xiong State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China (Received: 12 August 2009; revised: 28 August 2009; accepted: 2 September 2009) Abstract: Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites (C/C-SiC) were fabricated by the warm compacted-in situ reaction. The microstructure, mechanical properties, tribological properties, and wear mechanism of C/C-SiC composites at different brake speeds were investigated. The results indicate that the composites are composed of 58wt% C, 37wt% SiC, and 5wt% Si. The density and open porosity are 2.0 g·cm–3 and 10%, respectively. The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibit good mechanical properties. The flexural strength can reach up to 160 MPa, and the impact strength can reach 2.5 kJ·m–2. The C/C-SiC brake composites show excellent tribological performances. The friction coefficient is between 0.57 and 0.67 at the brake speeds from 8 to 24 m·s?1. The brake is stable, and the wear rate is less than 2.02×10?6 cm3·J?1. These results show that the C/C-SiC brake composites are the promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems. Keywords: C/C-SiC; ceramic matrix composites; tribological properties; microstructure [This work was financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA03Z560) and the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University (No.2008yb019).] 温压-原位反应法制备C / C-SiC刹车复合材料的工艺和性能李专，肖鹏，熊翔粉末冶金国家重点实验室，中南大学，湖南长沙410083，中国（收稿日期：2009年8月12日修订：2009年8月28日;接受日期：2009年9月2日）摘要：采用温压?原位反应法制备炭纤维增强炭和碳化硅双基体(C/C-SiC)复合材

1外文文献翻译原文及译文汇总

华北电力大学科技学院毕业设计（论文）附件外文文献翻译学号：121912020115姓名：彭钰钊所在系别：动力工程系专业班级：测控技术与仪器12K1指导教师：李冰原文标题：Infrared Remote Control System Abstract 2016 年 4 月 19 日

红外遥控系统摘要红外数据通信技术是目前在世界范围内被广泛使用的一种无线连接技术，被众多的硬件和软件平台所支持。红外收发器产品具有成本低，小型化，传输速率快，点对点安全传输，不受电磁干扰等特点，可以实现信息在不同产品之间快速、方便、安全地交换与传送，在短距离无线传输方面拥有十分明显的优势。红外遥控收发系统的设计在具有很高的实用价值，目前红外收发器产品在可携式产品中的应用潜力很大。全世界约有1亿5千万台设备采用红外技术，在电子产品和工业设备、医疗设备等领域广泛使用。绝大多数笔记本电脑和手机都配置红外收发器接口。随着红外数据传输技术更加成熟、成本下降，红外收发器在短距离通讯领域必将得到更广泛的应用。本系统的设计目的是用红外线作为传输媒质来传输用户的操作信息并由接收电路解调出原始信号，主要用到编码芯片和解码芯片对信号进行调制与解调，其中编码芯片用的是台湾生产的PT2262，解码芯片是PT2272。主要工作原理是：利用编码键盘可以为PT2262提供的输入信息，PT2262对输入的信息进行编码并加载到38KHZ的载波上并调制红外发射二极管并辐射到空间，然后再由接收系统接收到发射的信号并解调出原始信息，由PT2272对原信号进行解码以驱动相应的电路完成用户的操作要求。关键字：红外线；编码；解码；LM386；红外收发器。 1 绪论

英文文献及中文翻译

毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译学院：专 2011年6月电子与计算机科学技术软件工程

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, Overview https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, is a unified Web development model that includes the services necessary for you to build enterprise-class Web applications with a minimum of https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, is part of https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, Framework,and when coding https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, applications you have access to classes in https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, Framework.You can code your applications in any language compatible with the common language runtime(CLR), including Microsoft Visual Basic and C#.These languages enable you to develop https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, applications that benefit from the common language runtime,type safety, inheritance,and so on. If you want to try https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html,,you can install Visual Web Developer Express using the Microsoft Web Platform Installer,which is a free tool that makes it simple to download,install,and service components of the Microsoft Web Platform.These components include Visual Web Developer Express,Internet Information Services (IIS),SQL Server Express,and https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, Framework.All of these are tools that you use to create https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, Web applications.You can also use the Microsoft Web Platform Installer to install open-source https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, and PHP Web applications. Visual Web Developer Visual Web Developer is a full-featured development environment for creating https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, Web applications.Visual Web Developer provides an ideal environment in which to build Web sites and then publish them to a hosting https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html,ing the development tools in Visual Web Developer,you can develop https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, Web pages on your own computer.Visual Web Developer includes a local Web server that provides all the features you need to test and debug https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, Web pages,without requiring Internet Information Services(IIS)to be installed. Visual Web Developer provides an ideal environment in which to build Web sites and then publish them to a hosting https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html,ing the development tools in Visual Web Developer,you can develop https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html, Web pages on your own computer.

文献翻译英文原文

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e410973184.html,/finance/company/consumer.html Consumer finance company The consumer finance division of the SG group of France has become highly active within India. They plan to offer finance for vehicles and two-wheelers to consumers, aiming to provide close to Rs. 400 billion in India in the next few years of its operations. The SG group is also dealing in stock broking, asset management, investment banking, private banking, information technology and business processing. SG group has ventured into the rapidly growing consumer credit market in India, and have plans to construct a headquarters at Kolkata. The AIG Group has been approved by the RBI to set up a non-banking finance company (NBFC). AIG seeks to introduce its consumer finance and asset management businesses in India. AIG Capital India plans to emphasize credit cards, mortgage financing, consumer durable financing and personal loans. Leading Indian and international concerns like the HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Barclays and HDFC Bank are also waiting to be approved by the Reserve Bank of India to initiate similar operations. AIG is presently involved in insurance and financial services in more than one hundred countries. The affiliates of the AIG Group also provide retirement and asset management services all over the world. Many international companies have been looking at NBFC business because of the growing consumer finance market. Unlike foreign banks, there are no strictures on branch openings for the NBFCs. GE Consumer Finance is a section of General Electric. It is responsible for looking after the retail finance operations. GE Consumer Finance also governs the GE Capital Asia. Outside the United States, GE Consumer Finance performs its operations under the GE Money brand. GE Consumer Finance currently offers financial services in more than fifty countries. The company deals in credit cards, personal finance, mortgages and automobile solutions. It has a client base of more than 118 million customers throughout the world

中文和英文简历和专业英语材料翻译

韶关学院期末考核报告科目：专业英语学生姓名：学号：同组人：院系：专业班级：考核时间：2012年10月9日—2012年11月1 日评阅教师：评分：

第1章英文阅读材料翻译 (1) 第2章中文摘要翻译英文 (3) 第3章中文简历和英文简历 (4) 第4章课程学习体会和建议 (6) 参考文献 (7)

第1章英文阅读材料翻译 Mechanization and Automation Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century. The current developments of automatic processes are, however, different from the old ones. The “automation” of the 20th century is distinct from the mechanization of the 18th and 19th centuries inasmuch as mechanization was applied to individual operations, wherea s “automation” is concerned with the operation and control of a complete producing unit. And in many, though not all, instances the element of control is so great that whereas mechanization displaces muscle, “automation”displaces brain as well. The distinction between the mechanization of the past and what is happening now is, however, not a sharp one. At one extreme we have the electronic computer with its quite remarkable capacity for discrimination and control, while at the other end of the scale are “ transfer machines” , as they are now called, which may be as simple as a conveyor belt to another. An automatic mechanism is one which has a capacity for self-regulation; that is, it can regulate or control the system or process without the need for constant human attention or adjustment. Now people often talk about “feedback” as begin an essential factor of the new industrial techniques, upon which is base an automatic self-regulating system and by virtue of which any deviation in the system from desired condition can be detected, measured, reported and corrected. when “feedback” is applied to the process by which a large digital computer runs at the immense speed through a long series of sums, constantly rejecting the answers until it finds one to fit a complex set of facts which have been put to it, it is perhaps different in degree from what we have previously been accustomed to machines. But “feedback”, as such, is a familiar mechanical conception. The old-fashioned steam engine was fitted with a centrifugal governor, two balls on levers spinning round and round an upright shaft. If the steam pressure rose and the engine started to go too fast, the increased speed of the spinning governor caused it to rise up the vertical rod and shut down a valve. This cut off some of the steam and thus the engine brought itself back to its proper speed. The mechanization, which was introduced with the Industrial Revolution, because it was limited to individual processes, required the employment of human labor to control each machine as well as to load and unload materials and transfer them from one place to another. Only in a few instances were processes automatically linked together and was production organized as a continuous flow. In general, however, although modern industry has been highly mechanized ever since the 1920s, the mechanized parts have not as a rule been linked together. Electric-light bulbs, bottles and the components of innumerable mass-produced

唯美的中文翻译成英文

唯美的中文翻译成英文 Abandon 放弃 Disguise 伪装 Abiding 持久的，不变的~friendship Indifferent 无所谓 Forever 最爱 I know what you want 我知道你想要什么 See you forget the breathe 看见你忘了呼吸 Destiny takes a hand.命中注定 anyway 不管怎样 sunflower high-profile向日葵，高姿态。 look like love 看起来像爱 Holding my hand, eyes closed you would not get lost 牵着我的手，闭着眼睛走你也不会迷路 If one day the world betrayed you, at least I betray the world for you! 假如有一天世界背叛了你，至少还有我为你背叛这个世界! This was spoiled child, do not know the heart hurts, naive cruel. 这样被宠惯了的小孩子，不知道人心是会伤的，天真的残忍。

How I want to see you, have a look you changed recently, no longer said once, just greetings, said one to you, just say the word, long time no see. 我多么想和你见一面，看看你最近的改变，不再去说从前，只是寒暄，对你说一句，只说这一句，好久不见。 In fact, not wine, but when the thought of drinking the unbearable past. 其实酒不醉人，只是在喝的时候想起了那不堪的过去。 The wind does not know clouds drift, day not know rain down, eyes do not understand the tears of weakness, so you don't know me 风不懂云的漂泊，天不懂雨的落魄，眼不懂泪的懦弱，所以你不懂我 Some people a lifetime to deceive people, but some people a lifetime to cheat a person 有些人一辈子都在骗人，而有些人用一辈子去骗一个人 Alone and lonely, is always better than sad together 独自寂寞，总好过一起悲伤 You are my one city, one day, you go, my city, also fell 你是我的一座城，有一天，你离开了，我的城，也就倒了。

英文翻译与英文原文.陈--

翻译文献：INVESTIGATION ON DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF SLIDE UNIT IN MODULAR MACHINE TOOL （对组合机床滑台动态性能的调查报告）文献作者：Peter Dransfield, 出处：Peter Dransfield, Hydraulic Control System-Design and Analysis of TheirDynamics, Springer-Verlag, 1981 翻译页数：p139—144 英文译文：对组合机床滑台动态性能的调查报告【摘要】这一张纸处理调查利用有束缚力的曲线图和状态空间分析法对组合机床滑台的滑动影响和运动平稳性问题进行分析与研究，从而建立了滑台的液压驱动系统一自调背压调速系统的动态数学模型。通过计算机数字仿真系统，分析了滑台产生滑动影响和运动不平稳的原因及主要影响因素。从那些中可以得出那样的结论，如果能合理地设计液压缸和自调背压调压阀的结构尺寸. 本文中所使用的符号如下： s1-流源，即调速阀出口流量； S el—滑台滑动摩擦力 R一滑台等效粘性摩擦系数： I1—滑台与油缸的质量 12—自调背压阀阀心质量 C1、c2—油缸无杆腔及有杆腔的液容； C2—自调背压阀弹簧柔度； R1, R2自调背压阀阻尼孔液阻， R9—自调背压阀阀口液阻 S e2—自调背压阀弹簧的初始预紧力； I4, I5—管路的等效液感 C5、C6—管路的等效液容： R5, R7-管路的等效液阻； V3, V4—油缸无杆腔及有杆腔内容积； P3, P4—油缸无杆腔及有杆腔的压力 F—滑台承受负载， V—滑台运动速度。本文采用功率键合图和状态空间分折法建立系统的运动数学模型，滑台的动态特性可以能得到显著改善。

英语翻译学习资料(含中英文解释)

例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating（操纵） others . They are aware that there is a difference between being loved and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. 1.dedicate to 把时间，精力用于 2.pretence 虚伪，虚假 6 ．1 斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners are atrocious( 丑恶)—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever（完全，全然）. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest. 孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。如今我吃东西的举止十分粗野；这方面一放松就倒退了几百年，实在是一点礼貌也没有。我高兴就用手抓来吃，（eat out of a can）开个罐头端着吃，站着吃；反正怎么省事就怎么吃。 3.Whatsoever 完全，全然 1.Be conditioned by 受……制约 2.Atrocious 丑恶 6 ．2 结构松散，表达过于口语化例3．有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一位女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。“您下车吗？”他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。他耐不住了，放大声问：“下车吗？”，那女乘客依然没反应。“你是聋子，还是哑巴？”他急了，捅了一下那女乘客，也引起了车厢里的人都往这里看。女乘客这时也急了，瞪起一双眼睛，回手给了男乘客一拳。（庄绎传，英汉翻译教程，1999 ：练习 3 ）译文1：Once at the crowded door of the bus, I heard a man passenger asked politely a woman passenger before him: “Are you getting off?” The woman made no

中文地址翻译成英文地址的方法和技巧

中文地址翻译成英文地址的方法和技巧中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小，如：Ｘ国Ｘ省Ｘ市Ｘ区Ｘ路Ｘ号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是：Ｘ号，Ｘ路，Ｘ区，Ｘ市，Ｘ省，Ｘ国。 1.各部分写法 ●Ｘ室：Room Ｘ ●Ｘ号：No. X ●Ｘ单元：Unit Ｘ ●X楼/层：X/F ●Ｘ号楼：Building No. Ｘ ●住宅区/小区：ResidentialQuater ●Ｘ街：ＸStreet ●Ｘ路：ＸRoad East/Central/West东路/ 中路/ 西路芙蓉西二路/ West 2nd Furong Road Central Dalian Rd. /大连中路芙蓉中路的“中”可以用Central，也有用Middle的，一般用Mid比较简洁。 ●Ｘ区：ＸDistrict ●Ｘ镇：ＸTown ●Ｘ县：ＸCounty ●Ｘ市：ＸCity ●Ｘ省：ＸProvince ●国家（State）中华人民共和国：The People’s Republic of China、P.R.China、P.R.C.、 China ●X信箱：M ailbox X 请注意：翻译人名、路名、街道名等，最好用拼音。各地址单元间要加逗号隔开。

2.英文通信地址常用翻译 201室/房Room 201 二单元Unit 2 马塘村MatangVallage 一号楼/栋Building 1 华为科技公司Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

xx公司xx Corp. / xx Co., Ltd. 宿舍Dormitory 厂Factory 楼/层Floor 酒楼/酒店Hotel 住宅区/小区Residential Quater 县County 甲/乙/丙/丁A/B/C/D 镇Town 巷/弄Lane 市City 路Road（也简写作Rd.，注意后面的点不能省略）一环路1st Ring Road 省Province(也简写作Prov.）花园Garden 院Yard 街Street/Avenue 大学College/University 信箱Mailbox 区District A座Suite A 广场Square 州State 大厦/写字楼Tower/Center/Plaza 胡同Alley（北京地名中的条即是胡同的意思）中国部分行政区划对照自治区Autonomous Region 直辖市Municipality 特别行政区Special Administration Region 简称SAR 自治州Autonomous Prefecture

自我介绍英语(中文翻译)

Good morning. My name is xxx .It is really a great honor to have this opportunity to introduce myself，and I hope I can make a good performance today. 早上好。我的名字是某某某。非常荣幸能有这个机会来介绍我自己,我希望今天我能有个好的表现。 Now I will introduce myself briefly ,I am 23 years old，born in wenling, the capital of Zhejiang Province. I graduated from the The Chinese people's armed police force academy department of Frontier command in July, 2011. 现在我将简单介绍一下我自己,我今年23岁,出生在温岭市,是浙江省的省会。我毕业于中国人民武装警察部队学院前沿指挥部

门,2011年6月。 During the four years in university, I spend most of my time on study, I have passed CET4 and I have acquired basic knowledge of Frontier command. Besides, with my efforts and cheerful personality，I received a scholarship and outstanding student awarded. Generally speaking, I am a hard worker especially do the thing I am interested in. I like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is Basketball, swimming or surf online.Through college life,I learn how to balance between study and entertainment. 在四年的大学,我把大部分时间花在学习上,我已经通过国家基本知识,我已经获得了国境的命令。同时,我的努力和性格开朗,我收

英文翻译成中文

第四部分翻译 Part Ⅰ英译汉练习： Unit 1 1.年轻时，他对学业漫不经心，加之他一直不愿考虑运动员以外的职业，到这时候，这一切终于给他带来了不幸。 2.护士们对不得不日复一日地参与欺骗病人的做法也许深恶痛绝，但要抵制却感到无能为力。 3.我不会在初版的《失乐园》上乱写乱画，就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一套蜡笔交给我的婴儿任意涂抹一样。 4.只有假设地球表面呈曲线状，这一现象才能得到解释。 5.鹿减少生存所需的能耗以增加越冬生存的机会，从生物学的角度看是合情合理的。 6.不论好坏，不论是何结果，美国人不仅会一概接受，还要去铲除那些反对者，尽管对于成千上万的人来说，这决定与自己的意愿背道而驰。 7.你可曾为了接电话在洗澡时从浴室冲出来，或是嚼着饭从饭桌旁站起来，或是昏昏沉沉的从床上爬起来，而结果却是有人打错了。 8.实际上，大把花钱的满足感大于商品本身带给他们的乐趣。 9.但是蓝色也可以表示伤感（我很伤感），白色常代表纯洁，尽管在中国，人们在婚礼上穿白的，在葬礼上穿黑的。 10. 晚上十点到十二点，美国处在权力真空状态——除了纽约广播公司总部和两家大的新闻机构之外，全国范围内就再没有别的信息中心。 Unit 2 1) 1800年英国与法国之间将爆发一场持续15后的大战。 2) 我相信，到1816年，英国将在滑铁卢村附近赢得一场伟大战役的胜利。 3) 然而，到1870年，对于英国来说，德国将成为一个比法国更具危险性的国家。 4) 在20世纪初，俄国、美国和日本将成为大国，而英国将不再是世界上最强大的国家了。 5) 反过来，农民的业绩大小取决于农业的组织形式，经济环境，市场结构这些与之息息相关的因素。 6) 他被接回来时，不停地跟人讲，一些可怕的怪物瞪着眼睛盯着他，把他带到了一个宇宙飞船上。 7) 烫伤大多数发生在老人和孩子身上，往往是由于浴室里水温太高而造成的。 8) 尽量多地了解可能发生的事情，这样你可以提前做好准备。 9) 市场的变化迫使很多网站关闭，而其它网站也仅是勉强维持。 10）因为在农民生产率低下的国家，需要劳动人口中大多数人种粮食，因此就没有多少人从事投资货物的生产或进行经济增长所必须的其它活动。 Unit 3 1. 在牛顿之前，亚里士多德已经发现物体的自然状态是静止的，除非有力作用于物体。所以运动着的物体会停下来。 2．人们在家中或是类似家的地方感觉最为亲密——和一个或几个亲近的人呆在一起——也就是在私人交谈的时候。 3．当一个人长时间在干道或高速公路上驾车行驶，就会存在两个问题：一是如何保持稳定的车速；二是如何确保他不撞上前面的车。 4．这个系统尤其适用于汽车拥挤的情况，因为电脑不仅能够控制车速，与前面车子的距离，还能够控制方向。

英文资料翻译原文

英文资料翻译原文 Boiler management: General management principles and operating procedures are well known and must be always followed to avoid boiler mishap. With many small package boiler,the automatic control sequence usually ensures that the boiler fire is initially ignited from a diesel oil supply,and changed over to the usual source when ignition is completed.With good management ,to facilitate subsequent starting from cold,the fuel system of large boilers will have been flushed through with diesel oil when the boiler was on light duty immediately prior to being secured.When burning such diesel fuel it is essential for safety that only the correct(small) burner tip should be used.It should be kept in mind that if fire does not light,immediately shut off fuel and vent furance. Complete ignition of fuel in the furance is essential.The burner flame,the smoke indicator and the funnel should be frequently observed.With satisfactory combustion,the flame should appear incandescent with an orange shade at the flame tip,and a faint brownish haze should show at the funnel.If on fist ignition the flame is uncertain,badly shaped and separates from the primary swirler ,momentary opening or closing of air register may correct. The PH value of the boiler feed water should kept between 8 and 9 and the boiler density less than 300 ppm but,if water samples show a heavy concentration of suspended mater,short blow-downs of 20 seconds duration should be given until the sludge content is seen to be reduced.The boiler should be blown down when the oil burner is operating,the water level lowered and then restored to prove the functioning of the low water cut-out and the oil burner start-up equipment.the boiler scum valve should also be operated at this time to keep the water level clear floating scum. Fuel burner components and igniter electrodes should be cleaned weekly and the furance examined to ensure that there are no excess carbon deposits. Tubes in the exhaust gas section of the boiler should be brushed through at about six-monthly intervals,and those in the oil-burning section periodically examined and cleaned as necessary with a wire bristle brush.With correct feed water treatment,blow-down procedures and sludge contents in water samples at a stable level,it should not be necessary to wash out the water side of the boiler more than once every three or four months. Boiler fires may be out of for long periods when a ship is at sea and the boiler steaming maintained by heat input from waste heat recovery plant.This operation is free from hazard,but feed water and boiler water treatment must be maintained to prevent internal deterioration or scale formation.Water level controller must be kept operable to protect external steam-using plant from water “carry-over”danger. If a boiler is isolated from the steam-using system it must be kept either in closed dry storage with a suitable internal desiccant,or completely full of treated water,or under a low steam pressure preferably maintained by a steam-heated coil. Regular testing of boiler protective devices must be implemented. Frequent comparison of drum-mounted and remote reading water level